South American Journal of Herpetology最新文献

{"title":"Cover and Masthead","authors":"","doi":"10.2994/sajh-25-00000.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/sajh-25-00000.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43321712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lizard Assemblage in a Protected Area in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Species Composition, Richness, Abundance, and Distribution","authors":"J. Pereira‐Ribeiro, Á. Ferreguetti, H. Bergallo, Carlos Frederico D. Rocha","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00019.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00019.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We studied the lizard assemblage from Vale Natural Reserve in Espírito Santo state, southeastern Brazil, and evaluated the species distribution in three vegetation types with different levels of habitat heterogeneity, including dense forest environments and open areas with sandy soil. We conducted field sampling from September 2017 to January 2018 and used 30 standardized transects of 500 m in length, at least 1 km apart between them, distributed in the vegetation: coastal plain forest, sandy soil forest, and natural grassland. Lizards were sampled in the transects using the method of active search, by only one observer on each transect. We recorded 185 lizards, belonging to 16 species from eight families. We conclude that lizard assemblage in the studied area differs in relation to the richness and abundance among the vegetation types, with species being widely distributed in the three environments studied and species being characteristically exclusive to some habitats in the mosaic. In this context, there is a fundamental importance in the conservation of these environments, as impacts in some of the vegetation types can cause a population decline of some species.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42320326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Matching Game: Reassigning the Advertisement Call to Oreobates berdemenos Pereyra et al., 2014 (Anura: Strabomantidae)","authors":"M. S. Akmentins, M. Boullhesen, Cecilia G. García, J. Martínez","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00035.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00035.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The advertisement call plays a fundamental role in species recognition in Oreobates. Despite the relevance of this taxonomic character, the advertisement call has not been described for more than half of the species of these direct-developing frogs. We describe the advertisement call of O. berdemenos from its type locality in Jujuy province, Argentina. We confirm the taxonomic identity of voucher specimens as O. berdemenos through molecular and morphological analyses. The advertisement call of O. berdemenos is a melodious trill composed of 10–16 notes with modulated amplitude and frequency. We compared the advertisement call of O. berdemenos to that of two populations assigned to O. discoidalis from Argentina and Bolivia. On this basis, we conclude that the population from Argentina is O. berdemenos, and we suggest that the taxonomic identity of the Bolivian population should be reviewed. We also describe the aggressive vocalization repertoire of O. berdemenos and compare territorial and encounter calls with the vocal repertoire previously assigned to O. discoidalis. With the present work, the advertisement calls and vocal repertoires of two of the three Oreobates species of Argentina have been described. Resumen. El canto de anuncio juega un rol preponderante para el reconocimiento de las especies del género Oreobates. A pesar de la relevancia de este caracter taxonómico, más de la mitad de estas ranas de desarrollo directo carecen de la descripción de sus cantos. En este trabajo describimos el canto de anuncio de O. berdemenos en su localidad tipo en la provincia de Jujuy, Argentina. Mediante análisis molecular y morfológico confirmamos la identidad taxonómica de los ejemplares de referencia como O. berdemenos. El canto de anuncio de O. berdemenos es un trino melodioso compuesto por 10–16 notas con amplitud y frecuencia moduladas. Comparamos el canto de anuncio de O. berdemenos con la descripción de los cantos asignados a la especie O. discoidalis en dos poblaciones de Argentina y Bolivia. Concluimos que el canto de Argentina pertenece a O. berdemenos y sugerimos que la identidad taxonómica de la población registrada en Bolivia debe ser revisada. Además, describimos el repertorio de vocalizaciones agresivas de O. berdemenos y comparamos los cantos territorial y agresivo con los previamente descritos para O. discoidalis. Con el presente trabajo, dos de las tres especies de Oreobates de Argentina cuentan con una descripción formal de sus cantos de anuncio y sus repertorios vocales.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45384952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth Pattern of Farmed Morelet's Crocodiles (Crocodylus moreletii) from Hatchlings to Juveniles","authors":"S. Viveros-Peredo, C. Ahuja-Aguirre, Lorena López-deBuen, Belisario Domínguez-Mancera","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00044.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00044.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine the growth pattern of farmed Crocodylus moreletii individuals from hatchling to juvenile. A total of 3,743 crocodiles (3,098 males and 645 females) were included. Crocodiles hatched from artificially incubated eggs. Individuals were classified into three age categories: (1) neonate (0–4 months), (2) developing (4–12 months), and (3) juvenile (12–27 months). Seven biometric evaluations were conducted. The first one was at 4 d after hatching, and the following evaluations were at 4, 8, 12, 17, 22, and 27 months of age. In each evaluation, the total length, weight, and sex of each individual were registered. Crocodiles were subsequently classified into three growth groups: (1) fast: length and weight greater than 1 SD from the mean, (2) average: length and weight within 1 SD from the mean, and (3) slow: length and weight lower than 1 SD from the mean. Linear polynomial (LPN), quadratic polynomial (QPN), and three-parameter sigmoidal (SIG3) models were used to evaluate length and weight as a function of age to describe growth. For length and weight, SIG3 and QPN, respectively, produced the highest R2 in all growth groups and the general population. LPN did not fit the weight data. The models that best fitted length and weight in relation to age were SIG3 and QPN, so both could be used to evaluate the growth pattern in other populations of farmed young Crocodylus moreletii. Resumen. El estudio determinó el patrón de crecimiento de individuos de Crocodylus moreletii criados en granja desde neonatos hasta juveniles. Se incluyeron 3743 cocodrilos (3098 machos y 645 hembras) que eclosionaron de huevos incubados artificialmente. Los animales se clasificaron en tres categorías de edad: (1) Neonatos (0–4 meses), (2) en desarrollo (4–12 meses), y (3) juveniles (12–27 meses). Los neonatos incluyeron recién eclosionados (0–4 días) y de 4 días a 4 meses. La temperatura ambiente a la que se mantuvieron fue 32.8 ± 0.2°C recién eclosionados, 31.8 ± 2.3°C neonatos y 31.5 ± 3.1°C en desarrollo y juveniles. La dieta de los animales se basó en hígado de pollo picado y harina de pescado adicionados con vitaminas A, D3, E, B12, B3 y calcio y estuvo disponible ad libitum. Los neonatos y en desarrollo se alimentaron diario y los juveniles seis veces por semana. Se hicieron siete evaluaciones biométricas en todos los animales. La primera fue 4 días después de eclosionar y las siguientes a los 4, 8, 12, 17, 22 y 27 meses de edad. En cada evaluación se registró longitud total, peso y sexo de cada individuo. Se usó estadística descriptiva para determinar la media ± DE de longitud y peso para hembras y machos en cada evaluación. Los cocodrilos se clasificaron en tres grupos de crecimiento: (1) Rápido: longitud y peso mayor de 1 SD de la media; (2) promedio: longitud y peso dentro de 1 SD de la media; (3) lento: longitud y peso menor de 1 SD de la media. Se usó un modelo polinomial lineal (LPN), polinomial cuadrático (QPN) y","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47793898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Habitat of the American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus: Reptilia: Crocodilidae) and Identification of Areas of Interaction with Humans in Costa Rica","authors":"Iván Sandoval Hernández, Mahmood Sasa Marín, J. S. Monrós González, J. R. Bolaños Montero, Juan Sánchez Ramírez","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-21-00037.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-21-00037.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Crocodilians are known to interact substantially with humans. Conflicts are observed when both species share a habitat and are documented worldwide. In Costa Rica, this conflict has been detected along with increases in human activities. For this reason, we undertook a study to identify potential crocodile habitats and the areas of interaction with humans on the Pacific and Caribbean coasts and the Northern Zone of Costa Rica. This work was performed during 2019 and 2020 in both regions, and determination of the potential habitat of crocodiles was made through analysis of the elevation, topography, drainage net, flooding areas, mangrove areas, and rivers and their outlets. To identify areas of human–crocodile interactions, a map of the potential habitat was used and changes to those habitats were analyzed (e.g., road density, population density, and the density of the populated core). The relationship between species was established to predict interaction hotspots between humans and crocodiles. The habitats with high potential for crocodiles on the Pacific slope correspond to 18% of the study area, and the medium potential habitat to 54%. Within the Central Pacific, there are few areas at higher elevations or with a large index of urbanism; these low potential habitats represent 27% of the study area. In the Central Pacific, the high and medium potential habitats together represent 72% of the study area. On the Caribbean slope, the high potential habitat was identified in areas closer to the coast mainly in the North and Central Caribbean (corresponding to 29% of the study area), while 66% of the study area was labeled as medium potential habitat. In the Northern area, most of the habitat was identified as medium potential, there being only small fragments recognized as high potential habitat. In the Northern Zone and Caribbean Zone, the areas at higher elevation with some land development were identified as low potential habitat (4%). Importantly, 96% of the area of the Caribbean slope and the Northern Zone were identified as high or medium potential habitat. Resumen. Se sabe que los cocodrilos son un grupo que interactúa intensamente con los humanos. Los conflictos se observan cuando ambas especies comparten el hábitat lo cual está documentado en todo el mundo. En Costa Rica, este conflicto se ha detectado en zonas que presentan actividades humanas. Por esta razón, identificamos el hábitat potencial del cocodrilo, además identificamos las áreas de interacción con humanos en las costas del Pacífico, Caribe y la Zona Norte de Costa Rica. Este trabajo se realizó durante 2019 y 2020 en ambas regiones, y la determinación del hábitat potencial de los cocodrilos se realizó mediante el análisis de la altitud, topografía, red de drenaje, áreas de inundación, áreas de manglares y ríos y sus desembocaduras. Para identificar áreas de interacciones entre humanos y cocodrilos, se utilizó un mapa del hábitat potencial y se analizó la alteración del ","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47129054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra- and Interspecific and Elevational Variation in Keratinized Spines on the Head in Two Closely Related Bufo Species","authors":"Cantekin Dursun, N. Özdemir, Serkan Gül, N. Üzüm, Bilal Kutrup","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-21-00015.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-21-00015.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Ecological factors such as environment, habitat, and accompanying gradients affect the morphological characteristics of species. Different environmental conditions may induce phenotypic dissimilarities in populations of a species or between closely related species causing character evolution, or they may cause phenotypic plasticity as a response to abiotic and biotic changes in living habitats. The family Bufonidae (Amphibia: Anura) contains stereotypical toads with basic phenotypic features like dry warty skin characterized by spinosity. Keratinized spines were handled in previous studies on the genus Bufo. The studies were focused on the morphological shape differences and mostly intra-specific variations, but ecological parameters were not sufficiently investigated. In this study, we tested the relationship between elevation and the intensity of keratinized spines for Bufo bufo and B. verrucosissimus species in Türkiye. We also assessed intra and interspecific variations for both species based on the spinosity. According to the results of a chi-squared test, a statistically significant difference was found in the intensity of keratinized spines between the sexes of B. bufo. Males mostly had smooth skin without spines, whereas most females had slightly keratinized spines. There was no difference in terms of intensity of keratinized spines between sexes in B. verrucosissimus species. For interspecific variations, we found that female specimens differed in terms of intensity of keratinized between species. Accordingly, all B. bufo females had heavily keratinized spines, whereas most of B. verrucosissimus females had smooth skin. We found statistically significant negative relationships between elevation and intensity of keratinized spines for both species. Accordingly, we assume that the observed disparity related to the intensity of spines demonstrates a species-specific character evolution between species. The differences between elevations might be associated with local climatic conditions and defense strategies against predators in the living space.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46132596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical Biogeographic Reconstruction of the South American Liolaemus boulengeri Group (Iguania: Liolaemidae)","authors":"S. Portelli, C. Abdala, J. Schulte, J. D. Díaz Gómez, Linda Díaz Fernández, A. S. Quinteros","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00045.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00045.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Liolaemus boulengeri group is part of the subgenus Eulaemus, genus Liolaemus. This group is widely distributed in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Paraguay, as well as in the Peruvian Titicaca basin and the coasts of Brazil and Uruguay. Here, we combined the revision of a fossil record of Liolaemus, dated at 20 million years (Myr), with relaxed molecular clock analysis to provide a time-calibrated, molecular-based phylogenetic hypothesis including 90% of the group's known species. We found the Liolaemus boulengeri group (= L. boulengeri section) formed by three main groups, the L. wiegmannii, L. anomalus, and L. darwinii-melanops groups. We performed biogeographic analyses applying Bayesian Binary (BBM), Dispersion-Extinction-Cladogenesis (DEC), and Statistical-Dispersion-Vicariance (S-DIVA) and found that the ancestral area of the L. boulengeri group was likely located in central-west Argentina and reached its current distribution after a series of dispersal and vicariance events. These processes may have been favored by a period of climatic stasis which occurred at the beginning of the group's diversification, around 41 Myr. The congruence of the results of all three biogeographic analyses evidences new hypothetical historical distributions and events which led to the current species distribution of the L. boulengeri group. Resumen. El grupo de Liolaemus boulengeri es miembro del subgénero Eulaemus, dentro del género Liolaemus. Este grupo se distribuye en Argentina, Bolivia, Chile y Paraguay, así como en el sureste de Perú, en la cuenca del Titicaca y las costas de Brasil y Uruguay. En este trabajo obtuvimos una hipótesis filogenética basada en evidencia molecular, incluyendo el 90% de las especies conocidas para el grupo. También, obtuvimos un árbol temporalmente calibrado, usando un reloj molecular relajado y un registro fósil de Liolaemus, datado en 20 millones de años. Encontramos al grupo de Liolaemus boulengeri (= sección de L. boulengeri) formado por tres grupos principales, los grupos de L. wiegmannii, L. anomalus y L. darwinii-melanops. Realizamos un análisis biogeográfico aplicando: Bayesian Binary (BBM), Dispersion-Extinction-Cladogenesis (DEC) y Statistical-Dispersion-Vicariance (S-DIVA), encontrando que el área ancestral del grupo de L. boulengeri está ubicada en el Centro-Oeste de Argentina. Desde ahí, debido a una combinación de eventos de dispersión y vicarianza, las especies de este grupo alcanzaron su distribución actual. Estos procesos podrían haberse favorecido por un periodo de estasis climática que ocurrió al comienzo de la diversificación del grupo, hace alrededor de los 41 millones de años. La congruencia de los resultados de los tres métodos nos permitió hipotetizar las distribuciones históricas y los eventos que podrían haber afectado la distribución actual de las especies del grupo de L. boulengeri.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43692338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helminth Community in the Llanos Frog, Lepidobatrachus llanensis (Ceratophryidae), from the Dry Chaco","authors":"M. Hamann, C. E. González, M. Duré, Yanina Soledad Palomas","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00054.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00054.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The present study predicts that helminth community diversity and parasite transmission are influenced by host behavior and its habitat. This prediction was tested by analyzing for the first time the helminth community of Lepidobatrachus llanensis, an aquatic species that inhabits exclusively ephemeral water bodies in the Dry Chaco ecoregion. In the drought periods, L. llanensis burrows underground and forms a cocoon to minimize water loss, emerging again in the rainy season (e.g., in summer months). A total of 21 frogs was examined for parasites. Parasite community structure was analyzed using helminth parasite richness, diversity, and abundance. The helminth community of this frog consisted of 17 species, composed mostly of platyhelminth species (76%), followed by nematodes (24%). Ophiotaenia sp. was most prevalent (71%, confidence interval [CI]: 51.4–90.6%), followed by Choledocystus elegans (57%, CI: 35.8–78.2%). Infected frogs harbored a maximum of seven helminth species. At the infracommunity level, the mean species richness was 4.24 ± 1.79 per infected frog. Parasites were found in all major organs, with highest prevalence in the body cavity. Helminth species showed a typical aggregated pattern of distribution with unequal abundances. Parasite transmission to the frog host occurs by oral ingestion and skin penetration. As predicted, we found that the composition of the parasite community of this aquatic frog included multiple helminths, including parasitic species characteristic of both aquatic and terrestrial life cycles, with greater occurrence of trematodes that likely benefit from seasonal host aggregation during the rainy period associated with their reproductive strategies and by environmental factors such as seasonal dwelling in dry soil. This behavior in an otherwise aquatic frog enables infections by nematodes (L3) with a terrestrial life cycle absent from other aquatic frogs from South America.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44254296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Current and Future Distribution of the Andean Toad Rhinella spinulosa Wiegmann, 1834 (Anura: Bufonidae): Is the Species Vulnerable to Climate Change?","authors":"Nicza Alveal, Reinaldo J. Rivera, Javier Pinochet, Helen Díaz-Páez","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00051.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00051.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Climate change is a global phenomenon that will generate profound changes in biodiversity in the near future. Studies have reported negative impacts of climate change for South American amphibians; however, for Andean species such as Rhinella spinulosa, the potential response to the effects of climate change is unknown. Using ecological niche models, we estimate the potential distribution of R. spinulosa, identifying the environmental variables that explain its distribution and projecting predictions in climate change scenarios to elucidate their impact on the distribution pattern. The results revealed that the variables of elevation (48.7%), mean temperature of the hottest quarter (44.2%), and topographic humidity index (3.2%) were the most important contributors to the model and are predictors of the distribution of R. spinulosa. The most suitable areas for its distribution are its current range, extending to the north, as well as on the western Andean slope and Argentine Patagonia. Predictions for the future (year 2080) under two scenarios (benign and severe) coincide with the distribution predicted for the current one. Climatic conditions will not be considerably different in the distribution area of R. spinulosa, which may be due to the buffer effect of the mountain range. However, freshwater ecosystems will be more at risk from climate change, which could affect the reproductive success and survival of amphibians. Therefore, we recommend evaluating water availability at a local scale to understand the potential changes in the geographic distribution of R. spinulosa. Resumen. El cambio climático es un fenómeno global que podría generar profundos cambios en la biodiversidad en el futuro cercano. Estudios reportan impactos negativos del cambio climático para anfibios sudamericanos, sin embargo, para especies andinas como Rhinella spinulosa, la potencial respuesta de los efectos del cambio climático es desconocida. Usando modelos de nicho ecológico (ENM), nosotros estimamos la distribución potencial de R. spinulosa, identificando las variables ambientales que explican su distribución y proyectando predicciones en escenarios de cambio climático para elucidar su impacto sobre los patrones de distribución. Los resultados revelaron que las variables altitud (48.7%), temperatura media del trimestre más cálido (44,2%) y el índice de humedad topográfica (3,2%) fueron los contribuyentes más importantes al modelo y son predictores de la distribución de R. spinulosa. Las áreas más adecuadas para su distribución es su rango actual, extendiendo su rango hacia el norte, así como en la vertiente occidental de los Andes y la Patagonia Argentina. Las predicciones para el futuro (año 2080) bajo ambos escenarios (benigno y severo) coinciden con la distribución predicha actual. Las condiciones climáticas no serán considerablemente diferentes en el área de distribución de R. spinulosa, lo que puede deberse al efecto amortiguador de la cordillera. Sin emb","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45104212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gonad Structure and Reproductive Cycle of Bokermannohyla nanuzae (Anura, Hylidae) in Southeastern Brazil","authors":"Nathália G. S. Lima, V. S. Borges, J. E. Santos, N. Bazzoli, P. Eterovick","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00013.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-20-00013.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We studied gametogenesis and reproduction of Bokermannohyla nanuzae at an Atlantic Forest site in southeastern Brazil from August 2011 to July 2012. We observed frogs with mature germ cells almost year-round, indicating continuous gametogenesis. However, advanced gonad maturation occurred in wet months, when we observed females spawning and spermiated males. We observed calling males with mature testes in all bimesters but spermiated males only from October to January. This pattern of continuous calling may be associated with male strategies to be selected by females within male choruses. We did not observe males with testes at rest or females with ovaries at rest, and throughout the year we observed spermatogenic cells in all developmental stages in males as well as vitellogenic oocytes in different maturation stages and several post-ovulatory follicles in females, indicating that both males and females may be ready to respond to a specific environmental cue to release their gametes or even be able to breed multiple times throughout the year. This promptness to breed may be adaptive as it allows frogs to reach mature stages faster when environmental conditions are suitable for breeding and even breed more than once per breeding season.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41314077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}