G. Nandish, S. Akarsh, D. Manjunatha, H. V. Sowmya, B. Thippeswamy
The diverse group of chemicals used in making of plastic is known to be highly toxic and poses a serious threat to the biosphere. These substances besides hitting hard to ecosystem cause an array of problems like birth defects, cancer, damage of nervous and immune systems. The present research work was aimed to isolate and characterize PHB producing bacteria from landfill soil sample collected from Sanehally, Chitradurga district and qualitatively screened by using viable staining techniques. Quantitative estimation was examined by using solvent extraction method. The PHB producing bacteria were characterized based on morphological, biochemical and molecular identification and confirmed as Bacillus thuringiensis strain KUMBNGBT-41 (Accession No. MW040075). Growth parameters were optimized for biomass production using various conditions such as media-nutrient broth, incubation time-72hrs, temperature-37˚C, pH-7.0, carbon source-glucose, nitrogen source-ammonium chloride and carbon to nitrogen ratio as 4:1. The low-cost production media was used for PHB production by cheaper substrates in submerged fermentation. PHB was analysed and quantified by using UV-Visible spectrophotometer at 200-600nm.
{"title":"Bioprospecting of Polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) from Bacillus thuringiensis KUMBNGBT-41 by using Agro-industrial wastes","authors":"G. Nandish, S. Akarsh, D. Manjunatha, H. V. Sowmya, B. Thippeswamy","doi":"10.25303/1904rjbt074082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1904rjbt074082","url":null,"abstract":"The diverse group of chemicals used in making of plastic is known to be highly toxic and poses a serious threat to the biosphere. These substances besides hitting hard to ecosystem cause an array of problems like birth defects, cancer, damage of nervous and immune systems. The present research work was aimed to isolate and characterize PHB producing bacteria from landfill soil sample collected from Sanehally, Chitradurga district and qualitatively screened by using viable staining techniques. Quantitative estimation was examined by using solvent extraction method. The PHB producing bacteria were characterized based on morphological, biochemical and molecular identification and confirmed as Bacillus thuringiensis strain KUMBNGBT-41 (Accession No. MW040075). Growth parameters were optimized for biomass production using various conditions such as media-nutrient broth, incubation time-72hrs, temperature-37˚C, pH-7.0, carbon source-glucose, nitrogen source-ammonium chloride and carbon to nitrogen ratio as 4:1. The low-cost production media was used for PHB production by cheaper substrates in submerged fermentation. PHB was analysed and quantified by using UV-Visible spectrophotometer at 200-600nm.","PeriodicalId":48695,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140413651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing use of nanotechnology means that nanomaterials will inevitably enter the environment. Eco-toxicological data are therefore required so that adequate risk assessments can be carried out. Nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit greater reactivity as their sizes, less than 100nm size, are so small that their surface area is larger. The NPs can intrude into human body more easily and are more toxic than bulk material due to increased reactivity to cells in the body. Further, investigations on the ecotoxicology of NPs have also been conducted, aiming to assess NP’s harmful effects to the ecosystem. NPs of titanium dioxide (TiO2) are widely used in sun care products as well as in self-cleaning coatings. During the life cycle of these commercial products, NPs may be released into the environment and become a threat to ecosystems. Particularly, TiO2 NPs have been shown to have toxic effects and can inhibit the growth of essential soil microorganisms. This study focused on the toxicological and histopathological effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on Eudrilus eugenia, aiming to shed light on the potential hazards posed by nanoparticles to soil organisms. This study assessed the toxicity, biomass change, cocoon production and mortality rate of earthworms under various concentrations of titanium dioxide. The results showed that TiO2 nanoparticles could lead to sublethal effects on earthworm survival and reproduction and the nanoparticles were accumulated in earthworm tissues. The study emphasized the need to consider nanoparticle interactions with soil organisms.
{"title":"Impact of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Eudrilus eugeniae: A Toxicological Study","authors":"Kumari P. Anitha, Y. Thangam","doi":"10.25303/1904rjbt064073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1904rjbt064073","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing use of nanotechnology means that nanomaterials will inevitably enter the environment. Eco-toxicological data are therefore required so that adequate risk assessments can be carried out. Nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit greater reactivity as their sizes, less than 100nm size, are so small that their surface area is larger. The NPs can intrude into human body more easily and are more toxic than bulk material due to increased reactivity to cells in the body. Further, investigations on the ecotoxicology of NPs have also been conducted, aiming to assess NP’s harmful effects to the ecosystem. NPs of titanium dioxide (TiO2) are widely used in sun care products as well as in self-cleaning coatings. During the life cycle of these commercial products, NPs may be released into the environment and become a threat to ecosystems. Particularly, TiO2 NPs have been shown to have toxic effects and can inhibit the growth of essential soil microorganisms. This study focused on the toxicological and histopathological effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on Eudrilus eugenia, aiming to shed light on the potential hazards posed by nanoparticles to soil organisms. This study assessed the toxicity, biomass change, cocoon production and mortality rate of earthworms under various concentrations of titanium dioxide. The results showed that TiO2 nanoparticles could lead to sublethal effects on earthworm survival and reproduction and the nanoparticles were accumulated in earthworm tissues. The study emphasized the need to consider nanoparticle interactions with soil organisms.","PeriodicalId":48695,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140411708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ponnusamy Subramaniam, Muthusamy Arulkumar, Soundra Rani Michael Helan, Bobby Mohammed Nazneen, E. Wesely
Aim of the study is to determine the anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic (α-amylase activity) and radical scavenging potentials of both leaf and stem ethanolic extracts of Entada rheedii and Myristica beddomei. DPPH, ABTS, H2O2, superoxide, hydroxyl and nitric oxide activity relate to inhibition ratio with different concentrations of extracts (μg/mL). Antidiabetic (α-amylase activity) and anti-inflammatory activities were also analyzed which showed high radical scavenging activity in a dose depending manner. Comparatively, leaves and stems of Entada rheedii showed higher radical scavenging activities compared to Myristica beddomei. Furthermore, both leaves and stem of Entada rheedii showed appreciable α-amylase inhibitory effects when compared with acarbose (standard drug) and also possess a strong anti-inflammatory effect (Diclofenac sodium, standard drug), compared to Myristica beddomei extracts. Overall, our results established the key evidence for Entada rheedii and Myristica beddomei extracts to be considered as a natural therapeutic aliment as the substitution for oxidative stress.
{"title":"Influential versatile potential of Entada rheedii and Myristica beddomei – an ethnobotanical approach","authors":"Ponnusamy Subramaniam, Muthusamy Arulkumar, Soundra Rani Michael Helan, Bobby Mohammed Nazneen, E. Wesely","doi":"10.25303/1904rjbt083095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1904rjbt083095","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study is to determine the anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic (α-amylase activity) and radical scavenging potentials of both leaf and stem ethanolic extracts of Entada rheedii and Myristica beddomei. DPPH, ABTS, H2O2, superoxide, hydroxyl and nitric oxide activity relate to inhibition ratio with different concentrations of extracts (μg/mL). Antidiabetic (α-amylase activity) and anti-inflammatory activities were also analyzed which showed high radical scavenging activity in a dose depending manner. Comparatively, leaves and stems of Entada rheedii showed higher radical scavenging activities compared to Myristica beddomei. Furthermore, both leaves and stem of Entada rheedii showed appreciable α-amylase inhibitory effects when compared with acarbose (standard drug) and also possess a strong anti-inflammatory effect (Diclofenac sodium, standard drug), compared to Myristica beddomei extracts. Overall, our results established the key evidence for Entada rheedii and Myristica beddomei extracts to be considered as a natural therapeutic aliment as the substitution for oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":48695,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140408541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vladimir Cheptsov, V. Zhigarkov, Irina Maximova, Nikita Minaev, Vladimir I. Yusupov
Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) can be helpful for bioprinting of microbial cells, but data on its impact on the microbial physiology are scarce. The aim of study was to investigate the LIFT effect on eukaryotic microorganisms (yeasts) growth characteristics. Candida albicans, Lipomyces lipofer and Saitozyma podzolica yeasts were printed on solid and liquid nutrient media and compared with traditional methods of inoculation. The laser bioprinting affects growth patterns of yeasts, leading to formation of subpopulations with different growth characteristics. The data obtained highlight necessity of studies of the LIFT effect on microorganisms’ physiology.
{"title":"Effect of laser bioprinting on growth characteristics of yeasts","authors":"Vladimir Cheptsov, V. Zhigarkov, Irina Maximova, Nikita Minaev, Vladimir I. Yusupov","doi":"10.25303/1904rjbt01004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1904rjbt01004","url":null,"abstract":"Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) can be helpful for bioprinting of microbial cells, but data on its impact on the microbial physiology are scarce. The aim of study was to investigate the LIFT effect on eukaryotic microorganisms (yeasts) growth characteristics. Candida albicans, Lipomyces lipofer and Saitozyma podzolica yeasts were printed on solid and liquid nutrient media and compared with traditional methods of inoculation. The laser bioprinting affects growth patterns of yeasts, leading to formation of subpopulations with different growth characteristics. The data obtained highlight necessity of studies of the LIFT effect on microorganisms’ physiology.","PeriodicalId":48695,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Jakhar, H. Dhiman, H. Punia, H. Saharan, Aman Boora
The present study was conducted in the sacred groves of Haryana in the semi-arid regions. Prosopis juliflora is one of the most common invasive plant species and has varying degrees of ecological consequences. In Haryana, the vast semi-arid conditions has ideally favoured the invasion of P. juliflora including the sacred groves of the State. Therefore, the present study investigated the population structure of the P. juliflora in the two sacred groves of Haryana i.e. Daya (SG-I) and Kharkada (SG-II) with different degrees of invasion. The impact of the invasive tree on the native flora was also examined by the assessment of different ecological parameters like analytical characteristics of vegetation along with four diversity indices (Shannon-Weiner Index, Simpson Index, Pielou Index and Margalef Index). The results of the study revealed that the sacred grove with low Prosopis invasion (SG-I) had high density and Basal area of native plant species as having significant values for the selected diversity indices and thus is better flourished in comparison to the highly invaded site (SG-II). It can be concluded that the native phytodiversity of the sacred groves of Haryana is in peril due to increasing P. juliflora invasion, thus efficient management strategies are required in this direction.
{"title":"Prosopis juliflora invasions and ecological dominance in the sacred groves of Western Haryana, India","authors":"S. Jakhar, H. Dhiman, H. Punia, H. Saharan, Aman Boora","doi":"10.25303/1904rjbt040046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1904rjbt040046","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted in the sacred groves of Haryana in the semi-arid regions. Prosopis juliflora is one of the most common invasive plant species and has varying degrees of ecological consequences. In Haryana, the vast semi-arid conditions has ideally favoured the invasion of P. juliflora including the sacred groves of the State. Therefore, the present study investigated the population structure of the P. juliflora in the two sacred groves of Haryana i.e. Daya (SG-I) and Kharkada (SG-II) with different degrees of invasion. The impact of the invasive tree on the native flora was also examined by the assessment of different ecological parameters like analytical characteristics of vegetation along with four diversity indices (Shannon-Weiner Index, Simpson Index, Pielou Index and Margalef Index). The results of the study revealed that the sacred grove with low Prosopis invasion (SG-I) had high density and Basal area of native plant species as having significant values for the selected diversity indices and thus is better flourished in comparison to the highly invaded site (SG-II). It can be concluded that the native phytodiversity of the sacred groves of Haryana is in peril due to increasing P. juliflora invasion, thus efficient management strategies are required in this direction.","PeriodicalId":48695,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140413151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant-based alternative pesticides are safe, effective, eco-friendly and can be used instead of synthetic pesticides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocidal capacity of Datura stramonium leaves (DL) and flowers (DF) and Cannabis sativa seeds (CS) on Anopheles arabiensis, Culex quiquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti larvae. The selected plant parts were collected from the experimental farm, the University garden. The LC50s of A. arabinoses larvae towards the ethanol extract of each plant part were taken to estimate the single diagnostic dose for the survival and deformities tests. GC-MS analysis for the selected plant parts was investigated. The results show that DL ethanol extract detected 14 compounds of which butanol,3-methyl is the main component (79.76%) followed by toluene (6.14%). Phytol was also detected (3.9%). 14 compounds were detected from DF of which formic acid,3-methylbut-2-yl ester was the main component (82.22%) followed by dodecanoic acid, ethyl ester (3.3%) and toluene (2.86%). Also, from CS, Dronabinol (41.4%) was the main component, followed by Cannabinol (10.38%), Phytol (10.38%) and Caryophylene (2.07%). The susceptibility test of An. arabiensis larvae revealed the LC50’s of 562.95 mg/L for DL, 424.41 mg/L for DF and 175.40 mg/L for CS. It was noticed that 3-6% of An. arabiensis and 1-28% of Culex quiquefasciatus and 12-22% of Aedes aegypti larvae developed to pupae and some of them developed to adult stage after one week. In the survival test, more than 70% of the larvae were killed by a concentration supposed to kill 50% or less of the larvae. Some deformations were monitored on Anopheles, Culex and Aedes larvae including swelled body, separated alimentary canal. Field assessment should be run and the concept of LC50 should be re-written.
{"title":"The Biocidal capacity of Datura (Datura stramonium L.) leaves and flowers and Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds on some Mosquito’s larvae (Diptera: Culicidae)","authors":"N. Basher","doi":"10.25303/1904rjbt047053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1904rjbt047053","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-based alternative pesticides are safe, effective, eco-friendly and can be used instead of synthetic pesticides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocidal capacity of Datura stramonium leaves (DL) and flowers (DF) and Cannabis sativa seeds (CS) on Anopheles arabiensis, Culex quiquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti larvae. The selected plant parts were collected from the experimental farm, the University garden. The LC50s of A. arabinoses larvae towards the ethanol extract of each plant part were taken to estimate the single diagnostic dose for the survival and deformities tests. GC-MS analysis for the selected plant parts was investigated. The results show that DL ethanol extract detected 14 compounds of which butanol,3-methyl is the main component (79.76%) followed by toluene (6.14%). Phytol was also detected (3.9%). 14 compounds were detected from DF of which formic acid,3-methylbut-2-yl ester was the main component (82.22%) followed by dodecanoic acid, ethyl ester (3.3%) and toluene (2.86%). Also, from CS, Dronabinol (41.4%) was the main component, followed by Cannabinol (10.38%), Phytol (10.38%) and Caryophylene (2.07%). The susceptibility test of An. arabiensis larvae revealed the LC50’s of 562.95 mg/L for DL, 424.41 mg/L for DF and 175.40 mg/L for CS. It was noticed that 3-6% of An. arabiensis and 1-28% of Culex quiquefasciatus and 12-22% of Aedes aegypti larvae developed to pupae and some of them developed to adult stage after one week. In the survival test, more than 70% of the larvae were killed by a concentration supposed to kill 50% or less of the larvae. Some deformations were monitored on Anopheles, Culex and Aedes larvae including swelled body, separated alimentary canal. Field assessment should be run and the concept of LC50 should be re-written.","PeriodicalId":48695,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.25303/1904rjbt1070122
Dipinte Gupta, P. Saraswat, Hunny Waswani, Sunil Kumar, Rajiv Ranjan
Plants undergo several processes throughout their life cycle such as growth, development and response to environmental stresses which require a series of signaling events regulated by transcription factors. WRKY is one of the most studied transcription factors. In this study, we analyzed 68 genes of WRKY superfamily in Capsella rubella. All the genes were studied for their phytochemical properties which include molecular weight, no. of amino acids, theoretical pI, N-glycosylation site, conserved motifs and homology modeling. A phylogenetic relationship was also established among the accessions by using MEGA6 software. The physiochemical properties revealed the no. of amino acids ranging from 149 (Probable WRKY transcription factor 45) to 1411 (disease resistance protein RRS1) while the molecular weight varies between 17.28 (Probable WRKY transcription factor 45) to 159.39 (Disease resistance protein RRS1). Based on subcellular prediction, all the proteins were predicted to be localized in the nuclear region. In addition, the 68 WRKY proteins analyzed for phylogenetic relationships had shown the existence of one major Clade and one minor Clade. In conserved domain study using web-based software tool MEME, Motif 2 was found to be highly conserved as it is present in all accessions while motif 10 was found to be least conserved i.e. found in only 4.41% accessions. Our result provides a framework for future stress related studies in Capsella rubella in the field of plant biotechnology.
{"title":"In silico Identification and Characterization of WRKY Superfamily in Capsella rubella","authors":"Dipinte Gupta, P. Saraswat, Hunny Waswani, Sunil Kumar, Rajiv Ranjan","doi":"10.25303/1904rjbt1070122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1904rjbt1070122","url":null,"abstract":"Plants undergo several processes throughout their life cycle such as growth, development and response to environmental stresses which require a series of signaling events regulated by transcription factors. WRKY is one of the most studied transcription factors. In this study, we analyzed 68 genes of WRKY superfamily in Capsella rubella. All the genes were studied for their phytochemical properties which include molecular weight, no. of amino acids, theoretical pI, N-glycosylation site, conserved motifs and homology modeling. A phylogenetic relationship was also established among the accessions by using MEGA6 software. The physiochemical properties revealed the no. of amino acids ranging from 149 (Probable WRKY transcription factor 45) to 1411 (disease resistance protein RRS1) while the molecular weight varies between 17.28 (Probable WRKY transcription factor 45) to 159.39 (Disease resistance protein RRS1). Based on subcellular prediction, all the proteins were predicted to be localized in the nuclear region. In addition, the 68 WRKY proteins analyzed for phylogenetic relationships had shown the existence of one major Clade and one minor Clade. In conserved domain study using web-based software tool MEME, Motif 2 was found to be highly conserved as it is present in all accessions while motif 10 was found to be least conserved i.e. found in only 4.41% accessions. Our result provides a framework for future stress related studies in Capsella rubella in the field of plant biotechnology.","PeriodicalId":48695,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140413144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leong Z.L. Regina, Kiung Tai Fhong Sharon, Lai Huat Lim, Shao Feng Su, S. Teo
After the pandemic of COVID-19, there has been a growing interest in food safety concerns. Besides consuming wild-type animals, another focus is the synthetic compounds used in food preparation. Various reports show that antioxidant mechanisms might be closely related to decreasing the risk of disease infection. On 18 March 2020, Malaysia had the first Movement Control Order (MCO) that all communities must stay home. Public also questions whether natural food, mainly traditional Chinese medicine, can act as an antioxidant agent. Therefore, spectrophotometric procedures for determining the antioxidant capacities of selected samples were conducted. This method is based on scavenging 2, 2 diphenyl 1-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH) by adding a radical species or an antioxidant that decolourises the DPPH solution. This study aimed to compare, using the DPPH assay, the antioxidant level of Kappaphycus alvarezii to other traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) such as Andrographis paniculata, Lycium chinense and Ziziphus jujube. This study characterises the antioxidant activity of traditional Chinese medicines associated with carotenoid and total chlorophyll content from seaweed. Antioxidant analysis has shown that the highest antioxidant property was observed in the solvent extract of L. chinense. The DPPH assay provides an easy and rapid way to evaluate potential antioxidants in selected samples.
{"title":"Determination of antioxidant activity, chlorophyll and carotenoids content of Kappaphycus alvarezii: Comparison of seaweed with traditional Chinese Medicines","authors":"Leong Z.L. Regina, Kiung Tai Fhong Sharon, Lai Huat Lim, Shao Feng Su, S. Teo","doi":"10.25303/1904rjbt024031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1904rjbt024031","url":null,"abstract":"After the pandemic of COVID-19, there has been a growing interest in food safety concerns. Besides consuming wild-type animals, another focus is the synthetic compounds used in food preparation. Various reports show that antioxidant mechanisms might be closely related to decreasing the risk of disease infection. On 18 March 2020, Malaysia had the first Movement Control Order (MCO) that all communities must stay home. Public also questions whether natural food, mainly traditional Chinese medicine, can act as an antioxidant agent. Therefore, spectrophotometric procedures for determining the antioxidant capacities of selected samples were conducted. This method is based on scavenging 2, 2 diphenyl 1-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH) by adding a radical species or an antioxidant that decolourises the DPPH solution. This study aimed to compare, using the DPPH assay, the antioxidant level of Kappaphycus alvarezii to other traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) such as Andrographis paniculata, Lycium chinense and Ziziphus jujube. This study characterises the antioxidant activity of traditional Chinese medicines associated with carotenoid and total chlorophyll content from seaweed. Antioxidant analysis has shown that the highest antioxidant property was observed in the solvent extract of L. chinense. The DPPH assay provides an easy and rapid way to evaluate potential antioxidants in selected samples.","PeriodicalId":48695,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140413933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.25303/1904rjbt1230134
R.B. Khan, M.K. Verma, A. Tiwari, A. Siddiqui, R. Chowdhary
Globally, glioblastoma is the fetal brain tumor with the highest incidence. Patients with glioblastoma who have received a clinical diagnosis need combination therapy, which combines radiation and chemotherapy drugs that have shown promising benefits. The treatment of choice for glioblastoma, both alone and in combination, is temozolomide. Studies have shown that temozolomide combined with other medications and radiotherapy in the management of glioblastoma is effective in reducing tumor size, preventing recurrence and limiting tumor progression. The study also emphasizes the safety profile of temozolomide combinations and pathophysiology of tumor, size, growth and reoccurrence. For the meta-analysis, a detailed search of scientific literature was conducted utilizing the most relevant scientific studies published to date on the intervention of temozolomide combinations to manage Glioblastoma. A search was conducted across a number of databases including Scielo, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and PubMed. The MedCalC tool was used to do a meta-analysis in accordance with Prisma standards for odds ratio between studies, risk factor analysis and relative risk. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scielo and other databases were used to retrieve a total of 1635 studies for the current analysis. The meta-analysis with three distinct parameters odds ratio, risk difference and relative risk was significant with p value <0.001 (for TMZ with other chemotherapeutic agents) and p value <0.003 (for TMZ with radiation therapy). The 95% Cl for TMZ with other chemotherapeutic agents was higher for odds ratio (2.539 to 3.466), risk difference (1.345 to 1.669) and relative risk (0.192 to 0.280) over TMZ with radiation therapy (Odds ratio 1.051 to 1.327; Risk difference 0.0116 to 0.0623 and Relative risk 1.016 to 1.100). When treating GBM, TMZ in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs has been found to be more successful than TMZ alone. Clinical trials based on TMZ offer GBM patients with freshly diagnosed solid tumors a better survival rate.
{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of Temozolomide Combinations in Glioblastoma Patients; A Meta-Analysis","authors":"R.B. Khan, M.K. Verma, A. Tiwari, A. Siddiqui, R. Chowdhary","doi":"10.25303/1904rjbt1230134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1904rjbt1230134","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, glioblastoma is the fetal brain tumor with the highest incidence. Patients with glioblastoma who have received a clinical diagnosis need combination therapy, which combines radiation and chemotherapy drugs that have shown promising benefits. The treatment of choice for glioblastoma, both alone and in combination, is temozolomide. Studies have shown that temozolomide combined with other medications and radiotherapy in the management of glioblastoma is effective in reducing tumor size, preventing recurrence and limiting tumor progression. The study also emphasizes the safety profile of temozolomide combinations and pathophysiology of tumor, size, growth and reoccurrence. For the meta-analysis, a detailed search of scientific literature was conducted utilizing the most relevant scientific studies published to date on the intervention of temozolomide combinations to manage Glioblastoma. A search was conducted across a number of databases including Scielo, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and PubMed. The MedCalC tool was used to do a meta-analysis in accordance with Prisma standards for odds ratio between studies, risk factor analysis and relative risk. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scielo and other databases were used to retrieve a total of 1635 studies for the current analysis. The meta-analysis with three distinct parameters odds ratio, risk difference and relative risk was significant with p value <0.001 (for TMZ with other chemotherapeutic agents) and p value <0.003 (for TMZ with radiation therapy). The 95% Cl for TMZ with other chemotherapeutic agents was higher for odds ratio (2.539 to 3.466), risk difference (1.345 to 1.669) and relative risk (0.192 to 0.280) over TMZ with radiation therapy (Odds ratio 1.051 to 1.327; Risk difference 0.0116 to 0.0623 and Relative risk 1.016 to 1.100). When treating GBM, TMZ in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs has been found to be more successful than TMZ alone. Clinical trials based on TMZ offer GBM patients with freshly diagnosed solid tumors a better survival rate.","PeriodicalId":48695,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marine organisms attach to surfaces that are submerged in seawater in a process known as biofouling. These organisms can colonize on various surfaces such as ship hulls, pillars, jetties, undersea pipelines, oil rigs and buoys. Foulers can include bacteria, algae, barnacles, mussels and other invertebrates. The initial adhesion of fouling bacteria is the first stage of biofouling. The growth and attachment of marine fouling bacteria are influenced by various environmental factors including salinity, temperature and nutrient availability. The bacteria forming marine biofilm were isolated and identified from glass panels. Basic microbiological phenotypic identification methods and genotypic validation using 16s rRNA gene sequencing were used to identify the bacterial strains. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rRNA gene sequences confirmed 13 different species (Bacillus aquimaris (2), Vibrio hepatarius (1), Exiguobacterium profundum (3), Exiguobacterium aestuarii (2), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (2), Vibrio alginolyticus (3), Vibrio azureus (2), Vibrio fluvialis (2), Priestia flexa (1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2), Bacillus megaterium (2), Lysinibacillus macroides (2) and Bacillus subtilis (1)) of fouling bacteria belonging to six genera.
{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Biofilm forming Bacteria from Glass Panels exposed in Sea Waters of South Andaman, India","authors":"Shehin M.C. Sadaka, K.A. Jayaraj, Ameen Ummath, Venu Sasidharan, Fahmeeda P.S. Parveen","doi":"10.25303/1904rjbt054063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1904rjbt054063","url":null,"abstract":"Marine organisms attach to surfaces that are submerged in seawater in a process known as biofouling. These organisms can colonize on various surfaces such as ship hulls, pillars, jetties, undersea pipelines, oil rigs and buoys. Foulers can include bacteria, algae, barnacles, mussels and other invertebrates. The initial adhesion of fouling bacteria is the first stage of biofouling. The growth and attachment of marine fouling bacteria are influenced by various environmental factors including salinity, temperature and nutrient availability. The bacteria forming marine biofilm were isolated and identified from glass panels. Basic microbiological phenotypic identification methods and genotypic validation using 16s rRNA gene sequencing were used to identify the bacterial strains. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rRNA gene sequences confirmed 13 different species (Bacillus aquimaris (2), Vibrio hepatarius (1), Exiguobacterium profundum (3), Exiguobacterium aestuarii (2), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (2), Vibrio alginolyticus (3), Vibrio azureus (2), Vibrio fluvialis (2), Priestia flexa (1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2), Bacillus megaterium (2), Lysinibacillus macroides (2) and Bacillus subtilis (1)) of fouling bacteria belonging to six genera.","PeriodicalId":48695,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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