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The mechanism underlying lignite biodegradation by Cupriavidus sp isolated from sludge 污泥中铜毒杆菌降解褐煤的机制
IF 3.2 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-025-10191-9
Yaya Wang, Weilong Cao, Tianyu Zhu, Jiaxuan Li, Damir Nussipov, Kuanysh Tastambek, Xiangrong Liu

Lignite, a low-rank coal, is commonly utilized as a fuel source. However, its high sulfur and ash content can result in the release of harmful substances during combustion. Microbial coal degradation offers a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional chemical and physical methods of coal treatment. In this study, we obtained a bacterium, named as Cupriavidus sp isolated from activated sludge that exhibits potential for lignite degradation. After identification via 16S rDNA sequencing, the degradation characteristics and mechanisms of strain S4 on lignite from Shanxi, were systematically evaluated. Extracellular enzyme activities of strain S4 were measured, revealing the secretion of lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, laccase, alkaline protease, and amylase, indicating its capacity for multi-enzyme synergistic degradation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations confirmed that the bacterium could adsorb onto the coal surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis demonstrated a significant increase in free hydroxyl groups on the coal, which facilitates degradation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy analyses of the liquid-phase products showed a notable increase in long-chain alkanes and phenolic compounds in the degradation liquid, along with the detection of humic substances. Further studies indicated that strain S4 mediates initial adsorption through the secretion of extracellular polymers (EPS) rich in proteins and polysaccharides, highlighting the key mechanism of microbial-coal interface interaction. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the development of lignite bioremediation technologies and the resource-based application of functional bacterial strains.

Graphical abstract

褐煤是一种低阶煤,通常用作燃料来源。然而,它的高硫和灰分含量会导致燃烧时释放有害物质。微生物煤降解提供了一种比传统的化学和物理方法更环保的煤处理方法。在这项研究中,我们获得了一种从活性污泥中分离出来的细菌,命名为Cupriavidus sp,它具有褐煤降解的潜力。通过16S rDNA测序鉴定,系统评价了菌株S4对山西褐煤的降解特性及降解机制。测定菌株S4的胞外酶活性,发现其分泌木质素过氧化物酶、锰过氧化物酶、漆酶、碱性蛋白酶和淀粉酶,表明其具有多酶协同降解能力。扫描电镜(SEM)观察证实,细菌可以吸附在煤表面。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析表明,煤上的游离羟基显著增加,有利于降解。液相产物的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)和三维荧光光谱分析表明,降解液中长链烷烃和酚类化合物的含量明显增加,腐殖质物质的检测也明显增加。进一步的研究表明,菌株S4通过分泌富含蛋白质和多糖的胞外聚合物(EPS)介导初始吸附,这凸显了微生物-煤界面相互作用的关键机制。该研究为褐煤生物修复技术的发展和功能菌株的资源化应用提供了理论基础。图形抽象
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引用次数: 0
Biodegradation of heavy petroleum polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in polluted soil by biofilm-forming Bacillus tropicus UCB and Pseudomonas aeruginosa SYLI isolated from crude oil-contaminated sludge 原油污染污泥中形成生物膜的热带芽孢杆菌UCB和铜绿假单胞菌SYLI降解土壤中重质石油多环芳烃(PAHs)
IF 3.2 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-025-10195-5
Uchechukwu Chinwe Nebo, Daniel Juwon Arotupin, Adewale Oluwasogo Olalemi

Crude oil pollution poses a threat to soil ecosystems, particularly in oil-producing regions. This study assessed the biodegradation potential of biofilm-forming Bacillus tropicus UCB and Pseudomonas aeruginosa SYLI isolated from crude oil sludge. Sludge samples were seasonally collected and bacterial counts determined using standard methods while microbial enrichment was conducted in mineral salt medium containing 1% crude oil. Biofilm formation was assessed using Congo red agar and microplate assays. Isolates were identified through cultural, biochemical, and 16S rDNA analysis. Dose–response toxicity test examined degradation across 1%, 3%, 7%, and 10% crude oil concentrations, while PAHs degradation in soil microcosm was analysed using GC–MS. Seasonal variations significantly influenced bacterial populations, with highest count (1.53 × 108 CFU/mL) in the dry season and the least 3.17 × 106 CFU/mL) during wet season. Optical density peaked at 2.86 nm in enrichment III. Results revealed molecular identities of the isolates as B. tropicus UCB and P. aeruginosa SYLI. Both isolates metabolized crude oil from 1 to 10%, with B. tropicus producing 601 mg/L CO₂ with 10% at day 12 and P. aeruginosa yielding 616 mg/L with 1% at day 4. In addition, results showed over 99% removal of low molecular weight PAHs and 75% degradation of high molecular weight PAHs, upon biostimulation. These findings highlight complementary strengths of B. tropicus on high-oil loads and P. aeruginosa rapid initial degradation at lower concentrations. This study suggests that biofilm formation coupled with biostimulation may improve bacterial efficiency in bioremediation. It also represents the first in vitro report on PAHs degradation by Bacillus tropicus.

原油污染对土壤生态系统构成威胁,特别是在产油区。本研究评估了从原油污泥中分离得到的形成生物膜的热带芽孢杆菌UCB和铜绿假单胞菌SYLI的生物降解潜力。按季节收集污泥样品,采用标准方法测定细菌数量,同时在含1%原油的无矿盐培养基中进行微生物富集。用刚果红琼脂和微孔板测定生物膜形成情况。通过培养、生化和16S rDNA分析鉴定分离株。剂量-反应毒性试验检测了1%、3%、7%和10%原油浓度下的降解情况,同时采用气相色谱-质谱分析了土壤微观环境中多环芳烃的降解情况。季节差异显著影响细菌数量,旱季细菌数量最多(1.53 × 108 CFU/mL),雨季细菌数量最少(3.17 × 106 CFU/mL)。富集III的光密度在2.86 nm处达到峰值。结果表明,分离株的分子特征分别为热带双球菌UCB和铜绿假单胞菌SYLI。这两种菌株对原油的代谢率为1 ~ 10%,其中热带双球菌在第12天以10%的速度产生601 mg/L的CO₂,铜绿假单胞菌在第4天以1%的速度产生616 mg/L的CO₂。结果表明,经生物刺激后,低分子量PAHs去除率达99%以上,高分子量PAHs去除率达75%。这些发现强调了热带双球菌在高油负荷下的互补优势和铜绿假单胞菌在低浓度下的快速初始降解。该研究表明生物膜的形成与生物刺激相结合可以提高细菌的生物修复效率。这也是热带芽孢杆菌体外降解多环芳烃的第一篇报道。
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引用次数: 0
Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of polylactic acid, polyethylene and polypropylene microplastics: effect of inoculum-substrate ratio and microbiome 聚乳酸、聚乙烯和聚丙烯微塑料的嗜热厌氧消化:菌底比和微生物组的影响。
IF 3.2 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-025-10186-6
Mahesh Mohan, Zain Ul Abedien, Prasad Kaparaju

Microplastics (MPs) generated from major plastic polymers have impacted the environment and formulation of an end-of-life scenario is a need of the hour. In the current study, the effects of inoculum to substrate ratios (ISR) 2, 4 and 6 on the MPs from polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polylactic acid (PLA) under thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) conditions was studied. The results indicated thermophilic AD to be a prospective method for PLA degradation with a maximum cumulative biogas production of 894.08 NmL/gVSadded at ISR4 and 89.62% of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was utilised during 148 days of incubation. However, the thermophilic AD of PP and PE was observed to be highly inefficient with a maximum biogas production of 111.64 and 47.48 NmL/gVSadded and also resulted in VFA accumulation. Under mesophilic AD conditions, PLA degradation was highly inefficient due to long hydrolysis time, whilst inhibition was noticed with both PP and PE. The microbiological study revealed the abundance of Firmicutes and Synergistota, genus D8A-2, Thermovirga and Candidatus Caldatribacterium during thermophilic AD of PLA. An abundance of Methanothermobacter indicated hydrogenotrophic methane production as the major pathway for methanogenesis during thermophilic AD of MPs. An abundance of PWY-3781 associated with detoxification of reactive oxygen species was observed in the AD of PP and PE. Overall, the study provided insight into the prospects for improving thermophilic AD for PLA.

由主要塑料聚合物产生的微塑料(MPs)对环境造成了影响,制定一个寿命终结方案是当务之急。本研究研究了在嗜热和中温厌氧消化(AD)条件下,接种物与底物比(ISR) 2、4和6对聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)和聚乳酸(PLA)产MPs的影响。结果表明,嗜热AD是一种有前景的PLA降解方法,在ISR4添加时,最大累积沼气产量为894.08 NmL/ gvsvs4,在148天的孵育期间,挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)利用率为89.62%。然而,PP和PE的嗜热AD效率极低,最大沼气产量分别为111.64和47.48 NmL/ gvsadd,并导致VFA积累。在中温AD条件下,由于水解时间长,PLA的降解效率非常低,而PP和PE都有抑制作用。微生物学研究表明,在PLA的嗜热AD过程中,厚壁菌门和协同菌门、D8A-2属、热virga和Candidatus Caldatribacterium的丰度较高。产甲烷菌的丰度表明,产氢甲烷是MPs嗜热AD过程中产甲烷的主要途径。在PP和PE的AD中观察到与活性氧解毒有关的PWY-3781丰度。总的来说,该研究为改善PLA的耐热性AD的前景提供了见解。
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引用次数: 0
Isolation and identification of a novel cellulolytic bacterium and optimization of FPase production for bagasse hydrolysis 一种新型纤维素水解菌的分离鉴定及甘蔗渣水解产酶的优化。
IF 3.2 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-025-10193-7
Nguyen Thi Hong, Le Duy Khuong

The current study’s primary objectives were to screen for novel FPase-producing bacteria and optimize hydrolysis conditions for alkali-thermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse. This study carefully screened cellulolytic bacteria from soil and identified KH-08 as a potent FPase-producing strain. Based on 16S ribosomal RNA and gyrA gene sequences, KH-08 was identified as Bacillus velezensis, a newly found microbe capable of producing FPase. Experiments were conducted to optimize FPase-producing parameters such as fermentation time, temperature, and pH. The study improved FPase output by refining these parameters using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The derived quadratic polynomial model demonstrated great dependability (R2 = 99.8%) and interactions that are statistically significant (P < 0.05). The ideal fermentation conditions—6 days, 30 °C, and pH 6.5—resulted in the greatest FPase activity of 75.93 U/L. The remarkable enzyme yield achieved under mild conditions clearly demonstrates the superiority of Bacillus velezensis KH-08 over previously reported cellulolytic strains. This exceptional performance underscores its potential as a highly promising candidate for industrial-scale bioconversion, with direct implications for bioethanol production, biomass valorization, and waste to energy technologies.

本研究的主要目的是筛选新的fpase产生菌,并优化碱热预处理蔗渣的水解条件。本研究从土壤中筛选纤维素水解菌,鉴定出KH-08是一株有效的产fpase菌株。根据16S核糖体RNA和gyrA基因序列,KH-08被鉴定为一种新发现的能产生FPase的芽孢杆菌velezensis。实验优化了发酵时间、温度和ph等FPase生产参数。利用Box-Behnken设计(BBD)和响应面法(RSM)对这些参数进行优化,提高了FPase的产量。导出的二次多项式模型显示了很高的可靠性(R2 = 99.8%)和统计显著的相互作用(P
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引用次数: 0
Metabolic fingerprinting to elucidate the biodegradation of phosphonoacetic acid and its impact on Penicillium metabolism 代谢指纹图谱研究膦乙酸的生物降解及其对青霉菌代谢的影响。
IF 3.2 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-025-10192-8
Natalia Zielonka, Adam Ząbek, Karolina Anna Mielko-Niziałek, Małgorzata Brzezińska-Rodak, Ewa Żymańczyk-Duda, Piotr Młynarz, Magdalena Klimek-Ochab

The application of metabolomic analysis to the study of fungal cell physiology provides a valuable means of elucidating the metabolic diversity of fungi. This study aims to identify metabolites that distinguish the metabolism of moulds based on the phosphorus source used in the culture medium, either inorganic phosphate (Pi) or phosphonoacetic acid (PA). A targeted metabolomics approach, using LC–MS combined with chemometric tools, facilitated the identification of metabolic differences between three fungal strains of the Penicillium genus: Penicillium commune, Penicillium crustosum S2, and Penicillium funiculosum S4. The availability of PA in the medium enables P. commune to synthesize compounds that stimulate cellular responses to unfavorable environmental conditions, while activating pathways involving precursors of secondary metabolites. Comparative analysis of cell-free extracts from P. commune and P. funiculosum S4 cultured on Pi-containing medium revealed increased levels of metabolites, including tyrosine, tryptophan, glutathione, and ethyl-3-hydroxybutyrate, in both fungal extracts. Furthermore, analysis of the cell-free extracts obtained from biomass grown on a medium containing PA showed similarities between P. commune and P. crustosum S2, as well as between the two wild strains. From these results, it can be concluded that the metabolic strategies of P. commune and P. funiculosum S4 are similar when Pi is the sole phosphorus source, whereas the use of phosphonate reveals common characteristics between the P. commune strain and P. crustosum S2. These observations allowed the identification of fungal biomarkers and provided insights into the mechanisms of metabolic response to changing environmental conditions.

代谢组学分析在真菌细胞生理学研究中的应用为阐明真菌的代谢多样性提供了一种有价值的手段。本研究旨在根据培养基中使用的磷源,无机磷酸盐(Pi)或磷酸乙酸(PA),鉴定区分霉菌代谢的代谢物。利用LC-MS结合化学计量学工具的靶向代谢组学方法,鉴定了青霉菌属三种真菌菌株:青霉菌公社(Penicillium commune)、霉菌S2 (Penicillium crustosum)和霉菌S4 (Penicillium funiculosum)之间的代谢差异。培养基中PA的可用性使P. commune能够合成刺激细胞对不利环境条件反应的化合物,同时激活涉及次级代谢物前体的途径。在含有pi的培养基上培养的无细胞的P. commune和P. funiculosum S4提取物的比较分析显示,两种真菌提取物的代谢产物,包括酪氨酸、色氨酸、谷胱甘肽和3-羟基丁酸乙酯,水平都有所增加。此外,对在含PA培养基上生长的生物质中获得的无细胞提取物进行了分析,结果表明,在这两种野生菌株之间,也存在相似之处。综上所述,当磷是唯一的磷源时,群落P. commune和P. funiculosum S4的代谢策略是相似的,而群落P. commune菌株对膦酸盐的利用则显示了群落P. commune和P. crustosum S2的共同特征。这些观察结果使真菌生物标志物的鉴定成为可能,并提供了对环境条件变化的代谢反应机制的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Substrate-specific microbial community shifts during mesophilic biodegradation of polymers in compost amended soil 基质特异性微生物群落变化在中温微生物降解过程中的聚合物在堆肥修正土壤。
IF 3.2 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-025-10190-w
Mohamed Kishk, Rita Rahmeh, Fahad Asiri, Hajar Karam, Kawther Al-Muhanna, Ahmad Ben Hejji, Anisha Shajan, Sultan M. Al-Salem

Plastics are widely utilized across various industries, but their persistent accumulation in the environment has become a major ecological concern. Biodegradable alternatives offer a potential solution to plastic pollution; however, their degradation behavior under environmentally relevant conditions remains underexplored. This study evaluates the aerobic biodegradation of four polymer materials: starch, commercial thermoplastic starch of polyester origin (TPS1), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and a co-polyester thermoplastic starch (TPS2), over 180 days at 25 °C in a compost-soil matrix using the testing protocols of ASTM D5988-18 for carbon dioxide (CO2) evolution. Microbial community dynamics were profiled using 16S rRNA and ITS2 amplicon sequencing. TPS2 reached complete mineralization (~ 100%) in 28 days, followed by starch at 71.1% by day 180. TPS1 showed partial mineralization of 38.6%, while LLDPE showed minimal mineralization (21.9%) as expected. Alpha diversity revealed higher bacterial richness in starch treatments and a marked reduction in fungal diversity in TPS1 and LLDPE. Differential abundance testing revealed significant microbial shifts between treatments. Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) identified polymer-specific microbial biomarkers, including Paenibacillus and Botryotrichum for starch, Acrophialophora and Mycothermus for TPS2, and the Mycobacterium for LLDPE. Subgroup 10 Acidobacteria was uniquely enriched in TPS2-treated samples. These taxa reflect substrate-driven microbial selection. Coupling CO2 mineralization with microbial profiling offers a practical framework to evaluate polymer biodegradability and guide the design of soil-degradable bioplastics. Overall, these findings demonstrate that polymer composition significantly influences microbial community structure and mineralization performance under mesophilic conditions.

塑料被广泛应用于各个行业,但它们在环境中的持续积累已成为一个主要的生态问题。可生物降解的替代品为塑料污染提供了一个潜在的解决方案;然而,它们在环境相关条件下的降解行为仍未得到充分探讨。本研究利用ASTM D5988-18的二氧化碳(CO2)释放测试方案,评估了四种聚合物材料:淀粉、聚酯来源的商业热塑性淀粉(TPS1)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)和共聚酯热塑性淀粉(TPS2)在堆肥-土壤基质中25°C下180天的好氧生物降解。利用16S rRNA和ITS2扩增子测序分析微生物群落动态。TPS2在28 d达到完全矿化(~ 100%),淀粉在180 d达到71.1%。TPS1矿化程度为38.6%,LLDPE矿化程度为21.9%。α多样性表明淀粉处理的细菌丰富度较高,而TPS1和LLDPE的真菌多样性显著降低。差异丰度测试揭示了处理之间显著的微生物变化。线性判别分析效应大小(LEfSe)鉴定出聚合物特异性微生物生物标志物,包括淀粉的Paenibacillus和Botryotrichum, TPS2的Acrophialophora和Mycothermus, LLDPE的Mycobacterium。在tps2处理的样品中,酸性细菌亚群10独特富集。这些分类群反映了底物驱动的微生物选择。将CO2矿化与微生物谱相结合,为评价聚合物的可生物降解性和指导土壤可降解生物塑料的设计提供了一个实用的框架。总之,这些发现表明,在中温条件下,聚合物组成显著影响微生物群落结构和矿化性能。
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引用次数: 0
Degradation of phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides by isolated bacterial strain LKDC4 Pseudomonas aeruginosa LKDC4铜绿假单胞菌降解苯氧烷酸类除草剂的研究
IF 3.2 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-025-10189-3
Loveleen Kaur, Saurabh Bhatti, Dinesh Raj Modi

Phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides are widely used in agricultural lands to kill the weeds in crop fields and have a very detrimental effect on soil’s natural fertility and its microbiome. Bacterial culture isolated from these lands in the presence of herbicides group 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid (MCPA) belongs to plant growth hormone auxin. Strain LKDC4 Pseudomonas aeruginosa exposed to both herbicides at a range of concentrations 300 mg/L, 500 mg/L and 700 mg/L for 5 days without any enrichment culture, providing 2,4-D and MCPA as a carbon source for survival. LKDC4 shows a maximum number of cell growth in 2,4-D herbicide at the lowest concentration 300 mg/L (1.35 mM) comparatively with the highest concentration 700 mg/L (3.16 mM) of optical density 0.85 and 0.78 at 600 nm, respectively. At the same time, this strain shows a similar number of cell growth at all three concentrations 300 mg/L, 500 mg/L, and 700 mg/L of 1.49 mM, 2.49 mM, and 3.48 mM respectively of optical density 0.90 at 600 nm. The degradation efficiency of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa LKDC4 was 70 to 80% of 2,4-D herbicide when the growth medium contained 0.2% glucose as the only carbon source after 5 days at optimum conditions. The degradation of MCPA was 100% at 300 mg/L and 700 mg/L, while 81% degradation at 500 mg/L after 5 days of incubation at optimum conditions. P. aeruginosa can degrade both herbicides and survive well in their presence, making it a tolerant microbial strain.

苯氧烷酸类除草剂被广泛应用于农田中,用于除杂草,但对土壤的自然肥力和微生物群有非常不利的影响。在除草剂2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4- d)和2-甲基-4-氯苯氧乙酸(MCPA)存在的情况下,从这些土地上分离出的细菌培养物属于植物生长激素生长素。菌株LKDC4铜绿假单胞菌暴露于300、500和700 mg/L浓度的除草剂中5天,不进行任何富集培养,提供2,4- d和MCPA作为生存的碳源。LKDC4在2,4- d除草剂中,最低浓度为300 mg/L (1.35 mM)时细胞生长数量最大,最高浓度为700 mg/L (3.16 mM),光密度分别为0.85和0.78。同时,该菌株在300 mg/L、500 mg/L和700 mg/L(分别为1.49 mM、2.49 mM和3.48 mM,光密度为0.90,600 nm) 3种浓度下的细胞生长数量相似。在以0.2%葡萄糖为唯一碳源的培养基中培养5天后,铜绿假单胞菌LKDC4的降解效率为2,4- d除草剂的70 ~ 80%。在最佳条件下,300 mg/L和700 mg/L对MCPA的降解率为100%,500 mg/L对MCPA的降解率为81%。铜绿假单胞菌可以降解这两种除草剂,并在它们的存在下很好地生存,使其成为一种耐药的微生物菌株。
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引用次数: 0
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) biodeterioration by microalgae: preliminary insights from the screening of indigenous species 微藻对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的生物降解:来自本地物种筛选的初步见解
IF 3.2 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-025-10187-5
Dinesh Parida, Kanika Kiran, Rimjhim Sangtani, Regina Nogueira, Kiran Bala

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a huge part of consumer products such as beverage bottles, packaging materials, and textile fibres. It contributes significantly to persistent plastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems. This study explores the biodeterioration potential of seven indigenous freshwater microalgae isolated from water bodies near Indore, India, for sustainable PET degradation without chemical pre-treatment. Algal strains were incubated with PET granules for 20 days under controlled laboratory conditions (pH-7.2, temp. 27 ± 3 °C, light intensity of 40.5 µmol/m2/s, and a 12:12 h light–dark period). The average specific growth rate (μ) of the microalgal strains was 0.07 ± 0.01 μ/day. Among these, Asterarcys quadricellulare exhibited the highest deterioration efficiency, achieving a weight loss of 10%, followed by Scenedesmus sp. with a weight loss of 6%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed notable cracks, chemical alterations, and reduction in crystallinity, respectively. Transmittance intensity of the characteristics FTIR spectra at 1715 cm−1 demonstrated a sharp increase, indicating the formation of carbonyl groups. The reduction in the crystallinity of PET granules was consistently demonstrated by both FTIR and XRD analyses, confirming structural deformities induced by the algal strains. Biochemical analysis revealed that strains A. quadricellulare, C. proboscideum, and P. daitoensis exhibited a significant increase in lipid, protein, and carbohydrate concentration compared to the control. This study highlights the efficacy of unicellular microalgal strains in mitigating PET pollution in aquatic systems while enabling biomass valorisation for other sustainable applications.

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)是饮料瓶、包装材料和纺织纤维等消费品的重要组成部分。它对淡水生态系统中持续的塑料污染起到了重要作用。本研究探索了从印度Indore附近的水体中分离出来的7种本地淡水微藻的生物降解潜力,用于不经化学预处理的PET可持续降解。在实验室控制条件下(pH-7.2,温度27±3℃,光照强度40.5µmol/m2/s,明暗周期12:12 h),用PET颗粒培养藻类菌株20 d。微藻菌株的平均比生长率(μ)为0.07±0.01 μ/d。其中,四胞星宿(Asterarcys quadriccellula)的变质效率最高,失重10%,其次是花菜(Scenedesmus sp.),失重6%。扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)和x射线衍射(XRD)分析分别显示出明显的裂纹、化学变化和结晶度降低。在1715 cm−1处,特征FTIR光谱的透射强度急剧增加,表明羰基形成。FTIR和XRD分析一致证明了PET颗粒结晶度的降低,证实了藻类菌株引起的结构变形。生化分析结果显示,与对照相比,四胞a .、C. proboscideum和P. daitoensis的脂质、蛋白质和碳水化合物浓度显著增加。这项研究强调了单细胞微藻菌株在减轻水生系统中PET污染方面的功效,同时使生物量增值用于其他可持续应用。
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引用次数: 0
Demonstrated role of sulfate-reducing bacterial consortia in anaerobic paracetamol biodegradation 硫酸盐还原菌群在厌氧扑热息痛生物降解中的作用
IF 3.2 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-025-10184-8
Kajal Saini, Smita S. Kumar, Vivek Kumar, Somvir Bajar

The escalating global production and usage of paracetamol (C8H9NO2), a widely administered analgesic and antipyretic pharmaceutical, has led to its ubiquitous presence in environmental matrices, including surface waters, municipal wastewater, and even potable water sources. Owing to its persistence and bioaccumulative potential, paracetamol poses a significant ecotoxicological threat, particularly through trophic transfer in aquatic ecosystems. Conventional wastewater treatment methods often fall short in completely eliminating such micropollutants. In this context, bioremediation offers a promising, sustainable, and cost-effective alternative for pharmaceutical remediation. This study investigates the anaerobic degradation potential of two sulfate-reducing bacterial consortia, designated Consortium I and Consortium II, isolated from Okhla landfill leachate and enriched with distinct Postgate media formulations. Paracetamol was introduced at varying concentrations (50–500 mg/L), with and without supplementation of an auxiliary carbon source, sodium lactate. Metagenomic profiling via 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that Consortium I was primarily composed of Clostridium (40.1%) and Acidipropionibacterium (31.2%), whereas Consortium II exhibited a dominant presence of Clostridium (80.3%) and Bacillus (7.99%). Consortium II exhibited superior degradation kinetics, achieving complete removal of 500 mg/L paracetamol in 48 h under lactate-free conditions. Conversely, the presence of sodium lactate significantly attenuated degradation efficiency, suggesting substrate competition and metabolic preference. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified 4-aminophenol and hydroquinone as transient intermediates, supporting a proposed anaerobic degradation pathway for paracetamol. These findings underscore the potential of native sulfate reducing bacterial consortia in the bioremediation of contaminants and provide mechanistic insight into anaerobic paracetamol degradation, offering a viable strategy for enhanced treatment efficacy of contaminated waste streams.

Graphical abstract

作为一种广泛使用的镇痛解热药物,扑热息痛(C8H9NO2)的全球生产和使用不断增加,导致其在环境基质中无处不在,包括地表水、城市废水,甚至饮用水来源。由于其持久性和生物蓄积性,扑热息痛造成了重大的生态毒理学威胁,特别是通过水生生态系统的营养转移。传统的废水处理方法往往不能完全消除这些微污染物。在这种情况下,生物修复为药物修复提供了一种有前途的、可持续的、具有成本效益的替代方案。本研究研究了从奥克拉垃圾填埋场渗滤液中分离出来的两个硫酸盐还原细菌群落,称为财团I和财团II,并在不同的Postgate培养基配方中富集。以不同浓度(50 - 500mg /L)引入扑热息痛,并添加或不添加辅助碳源乳酸钠。通过16S rRNA测序的宏基因组分析显示,财团I主要由Clostridium(40.1%)和Acidipropionibacterium(31.2%)组成,而财团II则以Clostridium(80.3%)和Bacillus(7.99%)为主。财团II表现出优异的降解动力学,在无乳酸条件下,在48小时内完全去除500mg /L扑热息痛。相反,乳酸钠的存在显著降低了降解效率,表明底物竞争和代谢偏好。气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)鉴定出4-氨基酚和对苯二酚为瞬时中间体,支持了对乙酰氨基酚厌氧降解途径。这些发现强调了天然硫酸盐还原菌群在污染物生物修复中的潜力,并为厌氧对乙酰氨基酚降解提供了机制见解,为提高污染废物流的处理效率提供了可行的策略。图形抽象
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引用次数: 0
Seasonal dynamics of microbial diversity and functional potential in active sanitary landfill baseliner microbiomes 活性卫生填埋场基线微生物群落的季节性动态和功能潜力
IF 3.2 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-025-10185-7
George Obinna Akuaka, Hazzeman Haris, Kamarul Zaman Zarkasi, Go Furusawa, Nyok-Sean Lau, Vine Nwabuisi Madukpe, Baderul Amin Abdul Hamid

Sanitary landfilling remains a cost-effective waste management strategy, employing engineered liners and leachate collection systems to mitigate environmental pollution. However, long-term degradation of compacted clay baseliners (CCLs) poses risks to environmental safety and groundwater quality. This study investigated seasonal and habitat-specific microbial communities within CCLs and leachate from the Pulau Burung Sanitary Landfill, Pinang, Malaysia, utilizing 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and functional prediction via PICRUSt2. Triplicate samples were collected from leachate and baseliner layers (0–30 cm depth) during both rainy and dry seasons, alongside assessments of physicochemical properties and permeability. Significant seasonal differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the physicochemical profiles of leachate and baseliner samples. Baseliner microbiomes exhibited greater compositional stability and smaller beta-diversity shifts compared to the more dynamic leachate communities. Alpha diversity increased in both matrices during the dry season, although changes in baseliner richness were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Microbial community shifts were primarily driven by seasonal variations in environmental parameters. Core phyla shared across both habitats included Pseudomonadota (31.15–45.88%), Bacillota (8.58–31.15%), Actinobacteriota (6.22–19.58%), Acidobacteriota (0.16–15.85%), Chloroflexota (0.85–13.84%), and Bacteroidota (1.38–12.74%). Additional phyla such as Patescibacteria (0.77–2.06%), Cyanobacteria (0.12–6.16%), Desulfobacterota (0.77–5.38%), and Verrucomicrobiota (0.59–2.33%) showed matrix-specific enrichment. Functional prediction revealed distinct enzyme profiles and metabolic pathway enrichment. Anaerobic genera such as Geobacter, Desulfuromonas, Desulfuromusa, Pseudopelobacter, Desulfotomaculum, Clostridium, Desulfitobacterium, Telmatospirillum, and Dethiobacter were associated with redox cycling and mineral-transforming processes, suggesting potential contributions to increased clay porosity and reduced structural integrity. These findings demonstrate the ecological and functional complexity of landfill microbiomes and their potential role in compromising barrier performance. The study recommends routine monitoring of microbial functional genes and the development of biogeochemically resilient clay blends or in situ biobarriers to enhance long-term containment efficacy.

卫生堆填仍然是一项具有成本效益的废物管理策略,采用工程衬垫和渗滤液收集系统来减轻环境污染。然而,压实粘土基线(ccl)的长期降解对环境安全和地下水质量构成威胁。本研究利用16S rRNA基因扩增子测序和PICRUSt2功能预测,调查了马来西亚槟榔屿Pulau Burung卫生垃圾填埋场ccl和渗滤液中的季节性和栖息地特异性微生物群落。在雨季和旱季分别从渗滤液和基线层(0-30 cm深度)收集了三份样品,并评估了理化性质和渗透率。在渗滤液和基线样品的理化特征上观察到显著的季节差异(p < 0.05)。与更动态的渗滤液群落相比,基线微生物组表现出更大的组成稳定性和更小的β -多样性变化。两种基质的α多样性在旱季均有所增加,但基线丰富度变化无统计学意义(p > 0.05)。微生物群落的变化主要受环境参数的季节性变化驱动。两个生境共有的核心门为假单胞菌门(31.15 ~ 45.88%)、杆状杆菌门(8.58 ~ 31.15%)、放线菌门(6.22 ~ 19.58%)、酸杆菌门(0.16 ~ 15.85%)、绿氟菌门(0.85 ~ 13.84%)和拟杆菌门(1.38 ~ 12.74%)。其他门如Patescibacteria(0.77-2.06%)、Cyanobacteria(0.12-6.16%)、Desulfobacterota(0.77-5.38%)和Verrucomicrobiota(0.59-2.33%)均显示基质特异性富集。功能预测显示不同的酶谱和代谢途径富集。厌氧菌属如Geobacter、Desulfuromonas、Desulfuromusa、Pseudopelobacter、Desulfotomaculum、Clostridium、Desulfitobacterium、Telmatospirillum和Dethiobacter与氧化还原循环和矿物转化过程有关,表明可能对粘土孔隙度增加和结构完整性降低有贡献。这些发现证明了垃圾填埋场微生物群的生态和功能复杂性及其在降低屏障性能方面的潜在作用。该研究建议对微生物功能基因进行常规监测,并开发具有生物地球化学弹性的粘土混合物或原位生物屏障,以提高长期遏制效果。
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引用次数: 0
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Biodegradation
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