Pub Date : 2019-12-17DOI: 10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i2p241-254
Omar Torres‐Carvajal, C. Koch, J. Valencia, P. Venegas, Lourdes Echevarría
Morphology and distribution of the South American snake Chironius leucometapus (Serpentes: Colubridae). Chironius leucometapus was described more than 25 years ago as subspecies of C. fuscus from restricted area in the Department of Junín in central Peru, with no additional specimens reported since. Examination of 17 new specimens reveals that C. leucometapus is widespread along the Amazonian slopes of the Andes between central Peru and northern Ecuador. New morphological data including scalation, hemipenes, color in life, and the first description of the skull of Chironius to be based on high-quality CT-scan images are presented. The number of species of Chironius from Ecuador is elevated to eight.
{"title":"Morphology and distribution of the South American snake Chironius leucometapus (Serpentes: Colubridae)","authors":"Omar Torres‐Carvajal, C. Koch, J. Valencia, P. Venegas, Lourdes Echevarría","doi":"10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i2p241-254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i2p241-254","url":null,"abstract":"Morphology and distribution of the South American snake Chironius leucometapus (Serpentes: Colubridae). Chironius leucometapus was described more than 25 years ago as subspecies of C. fuscus from restricted area in the Department of Junín in central Peru, with no additional specimens reported since. Examination of 17 new specimens reveals that C. leucometapus is widespread along the Amazonian slopes of the Andes between central Peru and northern Ecuador. New morphological data including scalation, hemipenes, color in life, and the first description of the skull of Chironius to be based on high-quality CT-scan images are presented. The number of species of Chironius from Ecuador is elevated to eight.","PeriodicalId":48704,"journal":{"name":"Phyllomedusa","volume":"18 1","pages":"241-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i2p241-254","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48231583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-17DOI: 10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i2p141-157
W. Duellman
A new species of Osteocephalus (Anura: Hylidae) from Colombia, with comments on the morphological and behavioral diversity within the genus. A striking, undescribed species of Osteocephalus from the Amazonian slopes of the Andes in Departamento de Putumayo in southern Colombia is a member of the Osteocephalus buckleyi Group. Aside from minor morphological characters, the new species differs from all other members of the group by having a golden yellow iris with a median horizontal black stripe. The diversity in morphological and reproductive behavior reveals various features that are phylogenetically significant, but several species remain to be described.
{"title":"The last one: A new species of Osteocephalus (Anura: Hylidae) from Colombia, with comments on the morphological and behavioral diversity within the genus","authors":"W. Duellman","doi":"10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i2p141-157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i2p141-157","url":null,"abstract":"A new species of Osteocephalus (Anura: Hylidae) from Colombia, with comments on the morphological and behavioral diversity within the genus. A striking, undescribed species of Osteocephalus from the Amazonian slopes of the Andes in Departamento de Putumayo in southern Colombia is a member of the Osteocephalus buckleyi Group. Aside from minor morphological characters, the new species differs from all other members of the group by having a golden yellow iris with a median horizontal black stripe. The diversity in morphological and reproductive behavior reveals various features that are phylogenetically significant, but several species remain to be described.","PeriodicalId":48704,"journal":{"name":"Phyllomedusa","volume":"18 1","pages":"141-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i2p141-157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43358894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-17DOI: 10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i2p283-292
I. C. O. Silva, Suelen Sandim de Carvalho, K. Ceron, D. Santana, L. E. Tavares
Some species of Diptera cause myiasis in anurans, and infestations can occur in organs or other vertebrate tissues for varying lengths of time, depending on the species of parasite (Schell and Burgin 2001, Bolek and Coggins 2002). Larvae feed on tissues as they develop within or on the body of their host, which often results in the death of the host, although some individuals do survive and heal (Eaton et al. 2008, SouzaPinto et al. 2015). Some parasitic dipteran species need living hosts to continue their life cycle (Kraus 2007). Dipteran infestations have been well documented in humans and domestic animals because their impacts concern public
{"title":"A case of Dipteran parasitism in Trachycephalus typhonius (Anura: Hylidae), with a summary of myiasis parasitism in anurans","authors":"I. C. O. Silva, Suelen Sandim de Carvalho, K. Ceron, D. Santana, L. E. Tavares","doi":"10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i2p283-292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i2p283-292","url":null,"abstract":"Some species of Diptera cause myiasis in anurans, and infestations can occur in organs or other vertebrate tissues for varying lengths of time, depending on the species of parasite (Schell and Burgin 2001, Bolek and Coggins 2002). Larvae feed on tissues as they develop within or on the body of their host, which often results in the death of the host, although some individuals do survive and heal (Eaton et al. 2008, SouzaPinto et al. 2015). Some parasitic dipteran species need living hosts to continue their life cycle (Kraus 2007). Dipteran infestations have been well documented in humans and domestic animals because their impacts concern public","PeriodicalId":48704,"journal":{"name":"Phyllomedusa","volume":"18 1","pages":"283-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i2p283-292","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46430828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-17DOI: 10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i2p209-223
Aldenir Ferreira da Silva Neta, Cicera Silvilene Leite Matias, R. W. Ávila
Autecology of the lizard Colobosauroides cearensis (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Brazilian semiarid Caatinga. Colobosauroides cearensis is a diurnal lizard with a relictual distribution associated with forested habitats in the Brazilian Caatinga Domain. Knowledge of the natural history of this secretive lizard is scarce. Herein, the diet, reproduction, sexual dimorphism, microhabitat use, and thermal ecology of C. cearensis are described based on fieldwork in 2015–2017 in the state of Ceará, Brazil. The diet of the lizards is composed exclusively of arthropods, with Formicidae being the most important prey category. Numerical and volumetric niche breadths are 5.52 and 9.2 respectively, and trophic niche overlap between females and males is 0.3. Males are distinguished from females by the larger size of the males and the presence of femoral pores. Colobosauroides cearensis is cryptozoic, inhabiting the leaf litter and having no direct contact with the soil or solar radiation. The average body temperature of the lizards is 30.4 ± 3.3°C, which is positively correlated with the air temperature. Gravid females with fixed clutch size of two eggs are found in early rainy season. Oviposition occurs between April and May (when the highest number of juveniles are observed). Sexual maturity occurs early in males and testicular volume is significantly correlated with body size.
{"title":"Autecology of the lizard Colobosauroides cearensis (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Brazilian semiarid Caatinga","authors":"Aldenir Ferreira da Silva Neta, Cicera Silvilene Leite Matias, R. W. Ávila","doi":"10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i2p209-223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i2p209-223","url":null,"abstract":"Autecology of the lizard Colobosauroides cearensis (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Brazilian semiarid Caatinga. Colobosauroides cearensis is a diurnal lizard with a relictual distribution associated with forested habitats in the Brazilian Caatinga Domain. Knowledge of the natural history of this secretive lizard is scarce. Herein, the diet, reproduction, sexual dimorphism, microhabitat use, and thermal ecology of C. cearensis are described based on fieldwork in 2015–2017 in the state of Ceará, Brazil. The diet of the lizards is composed exclusively of arthropods, with Formicidae being the most important prey category. Numerical and volumetric niche breadths are 5.52 and 9.2 respectively, and trophic niche overlap between females and males is 0.3. Males are distinguished from females by the larger size of the males and the presence of femoral pores. Colobosauroides cearensis is cryptozoic, inhabiting the leaf litter and having no direct contact with the soil or solar radiation. The average body temperature of the lizards is 30.4 ± 3.3°C, which is positively correlated with the air temperature. Gravid females with fixed clutch size of two eggs are found in early rainy season. Oviposition occurs between April and May (when the highest number of juveniles are observed). Sexual maturity occurs early in males and testicular volume is significantly correlated with body size.","PeriodicalId":48704,"journal":{"name":"Phyllomedusa","volume":"18 1","pages":"209-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i2p209-223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42592306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.11606/ISSN.2316-9079.V18I1P115-121
J. Troncoso-Palacios, Yery Marambio-Alfaro, Diego Ramírez-Álvarez, Jorge Valdés Saavedra
Liolaemus is an extraordinarily diverse lizard genus containing 257 species (Abdala and Quinteros 2014). The genus has been split into several groups (e.g. Lobo et al. 2010) of which the L. elongatus-kriegi Complex (Cei 1979) is one of the most characteristic in the Patagonian region of Chile and Argentina (Esquerré et al. 2013). This complex is composed of four clades: L. elongatus Koslowsky, 1896, L. kriegi Müller and Hellmich, 1939, L. petrophilus Donoso-Barros and Cei, 1971, and L. punmahuida Avila, Perez, and Morando, 2003 (Avila et al. 2012). Troncoso-Palacios et al. (2015) described two species in this complex based in
{"title":"Phylogenetic position of two species of the Liolaemus elongatus-kriegi Complex and a new northern limit for L. buergeri (Squamata: Liolaemidae)","authors":"J. Troncoso-Palacios, Yery Marambio-Alfaro, Diego Ramírez-Álvarez, Jorge Valdés Saavedra","doi":"10.11606/ISSN.2316-9079.V18I1P115-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/ISSN.2316-9079.V18I1P115-121","url":null,"abstract":"Liolaemus is an extraordinarily diverse lizard genus containing 257 species (Abdala and Quinteros 2014). The genus has been split into several groups (e.g. Lobo et al. 2010) of which the L. elongatus-kriegi Complex (Cei 1979) is one of the most characteristic in the Patagonian region of Chile and Argentina (Esquerré et al. 2013). This complex is composed of four clades: L. elongatus Koslowsky, 1896, L. kriegi Müller and Hellmich, 1939, L. petrophilus Donoso-Barros and Cei, 1971, and L. punmahuida Avila, Perez, and Morando, 2003 (Avila et al. 2012). Troncoso-Palacios et al. (2015) described two species in this complex based in","PeriodicalId":48704,"journal":{"name":"Phyllomedusa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.11606/ISSN.2316-9079.V18I1P115-121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44107527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-18DOI: 10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i1p47-62
Antonia Beuttner, C. Koch
Analysis of diet composition and morphological characters of the Peruvian lizard Microlophus stolzmanni (Squamata: Tropiduridae). Microlophus stolzmanni is a diurnal lizard that is endemic to the dry forest of northern Peru. Little is known about the ecology of the species and the composition of its diet never has been studied. The stomach contents and morphological features related to feeding behavior are analyzed herein. Microlophus stolzmanni is a semi-herbivorous food generalist that also consumes animal items. All age groups prefer sedentary prey for which M. stolzmanni forages actively. As the lizard matures, plant material becomes a more important part of the diet.
{"title":"Analysis of diet composition and morphological characters of the Peruvian lizard Microlophus stolzmanni (Squamata: Tropiduridae)","authors":"Antonia Beuttner, C. Koch","doi":"10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i1p47-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i1p47-62","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of diet composition and morphological characters of the Peruvian lizard Microlophus stolzmanni (Squamata: Tropiduridae). Microlophus stolzmanni is a diurnal lizard that is endemic to the dry forest of northern Peru. Little is known about the ecology of the species and the composition of its diet never has been studied. The stomach contents and morphological features related to feeding behavior are analyzed herein. Microlophus stolzmanni is a semi-herbivorous food generalist that also consumes animal items. All age groups prefer sedentary prey for which M. stolzmanni forages actively. As the lizard matures, plant material becomes a more important part of the diet.","PeriodicalId":48704,"journal":{"name":"Phyllomedusa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i1p47-62","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48713118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-18DOI: 10.11606/ISSN.2316-9079.V18I1P123-126
Nicolás Pelegrin
Tropidurus spinulosus (Cope, 1862) is a medium-sized lizard distributed in north-central Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil (Carvalho 2013) that inhabits both rocky and forest habitats (Martori and Aún 1994, Cruz 1998). Although some facets of the lizard’s natural history, such as diet, reproduction, activity, thermal ecology, and habitat use have been studied (e.g., Perez et al. 1991, Vitt 1991, Colli et al. 1992, Martori and Aún 1994, Cruz et al. 1997, Cruz 1998, López-Juri et al. 2017), little is known about the reproductive behavior of the species. The behaviors associated with courtship and mating in captivity, including information on copulation length, are described below. Six individuals of Tropidurus spinulosus (3 males, SVL: 93.4, 112.7, and 112.0 mm; and 3 Short CommuniCation Reproductive behavior of Tropidurus spinulosus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in captivity
{"title":"Reproductive behavior of Tropidurus spinulosus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in captivity","authors":"Nicolás Pelegrin","doi":"10.11606/ISSN.2316-9079.V18I1P123-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/ISSN.2316-9079.V18I1P123-126","url":null,"abstract":"Tropidurus spinulosus (Cope, 1862) is a medium-sized lizard distributed in north-central Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil (Carvalho 2013) that inhabits both rocky and forest habitats (Martori and Aún 1994, Cruz 1998). Although some facets of the lizard’s natural history, such as diet, reproduction, activity, thermal ecology, and habitat use have been studied (e.g., Perez et al. 1991, Vitt 1991, Colli et al. 1992, Martori and Aún 1994, Cruz et al. 1997, Cruz 1998, López-Juri et al. 2017), little is known about the reproductive behavior of the species. The behaviors associated with courtship and mating in captivity, including information on copulation length, are described below. Six individuals of Tropidurus spinulosus (3 males, SVL: 93.4, 112.7, and 112.0 mm; and 3 Short CommuniCation Reproductive behavior of Tropidurus spinulosus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in captivity","PeriodicalId":48704,"journal":{"name":"Phyllomedusa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.11606/ISSN.2316-9079.V18I1P123-126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44415262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-18DOI: 10.11606/ISSN.2316-9079.V18I1P37-46
A. R. Borges, T. F. D. Santos, Luciana Frazão, Sérgio Marques-Souza, M. Menin
Food habits of Rhinella proboscidea (Anura: Bufonidae) in terra frme forests of central Amazonia. Anuran species are considered generalist and opportunist feeders. However, some species have dietary specializations. Here we describe the diet composition of Rhinella proboscidea based on the stomach content of 29 individuals captured in terra frme forests in Manaus and São Sebastião do Uatumã, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Each prey item was measured and identifed to Order, Suborder or Family; ants were identifed to Genus. We determined and tested for differences in the trophic niche breadth and the relationships between the frog size and the volume of the largest prey item. We recorded 1614 prey items of 44 taxa. Hymenoptera was the most abundant Order followed by Isoptera, Acari, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Araneae, Hemiptera, Dermaptera, Diptera, and Collembola. Formicidae comprised 46.56% of the all stomach items and was represented by six subfamilies and 22 genera. Additionally, we found 80 nematodes in a total of 18 frogs. There was a signifcant difference in the trophic niche breadths of the study areas, and a positive relationship between the toad size and volume of the largest prey item consumed. Rhinella proboscidea feeds on a variety of invertebrates, with ants, termites, and mites being the most abundant; this suggests that the toad is an active forager. The most common subfamily was Myrmicinae primarily represented by Crematogaster and Atta. Differences in trophic niche breadths of the study areas may be related to seasonal differences in the diet composition or local factors.
亚马逊中部原生林中长鼻鼻蝇(无尾目:蟾蜍科)的食性。无尾猿被认为是多面手和机会主义者。然而，一些物种有特定的饮食。在这里，我们根据在巴西亚马逊州玛瑙斯和 o sebasti o do Uatumã的陆地森林中捕获的29只鼻鼻虫的胃内容物描述了鼻鼻虫的饮食组成。每个猎物被测量并被识别为目、亚目或科;蚂蚁被鉴定为属。我们确定并测试了营养生态位宽度的差异以及青蛙大小与最大猎物体积之间的关系。共记录了44个分类群1614个猎物项。以膜翅目昆虫最多，其次为等翅目、蜱螨目、鞘翅目、直翅目、蜘蛛目、半翅目、皮翅目、双翅目和线虫目。蚁科共6亚科22属，占全部胃种的46.56%。此外，我们在18只青蛙中发现了80个线虫。研究区蟾蜍的营养生态位宽度存在显著差异，其大小与最大猎物的摄取量呈正相关。鼻甲以多种无脊椎动物为食，其中蚂蚁、白蚁和螨虫数量最多;这表明蟾蜍是一个活跃的觅食者。最常见的亚科是桃金娘亚科，主要以Crematogaster和Atta为代表。研究区营养生态位宽度的差异可能与饵料组成的季节差异或当地因素有关。
{"title":"Food habits of Rhinella proboscidea (Anura: Bufonidae) in terra firme forests of central Amazonia","authors":"A. R. Borges, T. F. D. Santos, Luciana Frazão, Sérgio Marques-Souza, M. Menin","doi":"10.11606/ISSN.2316-9079.V18I1P37-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/ISSN.2316-9079.V18I1P37-46","url":null,"abstract":"Food habits of Rhinella proboscidea (Anura: Bufonidae) in terra frme forests of central Amazonia. Anuran species are considered generalist and opportunist feeders. However, some species have dietary specializations. Here we describe the diet composition of Rhinella proboscidea based on the stomach content of 29 individuals captured in terra frme forests in Manaus and São Sebastião do Uatumã, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Each prey item was measured and identifed to Order, Suborder or Family; ants were identifed to Genus. We determined and tested for differences in the trophic niche breadth and the relationships between the frog size and the volume of the largest prey item. We recorded 1614 prey items of 44 taxa. Hymenoptera was the most abundant Order followed by Isoptera, Acari, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Araneae, Hemiptera, Dermaptera, Diptera, and Collembola. Formicidae comprised 46.56% of the all stomach items and was represented by six subfamilies and 22 genera. Additionally, we found 80 nematodes in a total of 18 frogs. There was a signifcant difference in the trophic niche breadths of the study areas, and a positive relationship between the toad size and volume of the largest prey item consumed. Rhinella proboscidea feeds on a variety of invertebrates, with ants, termites, and mites being the most abundant; this suggests that the toad is an active forager. The most common subfamily was Myrmicinae primarily represented by Crematogaster and Atta. Differences in trophic niche breadths of the study areas may be related to seasonal differences in the diet composition or local factors.","PeriodicalId":48704,"journal":{"name":"Phyllomedusa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.11606/ISSN.2316-9079.V18I1P37-46","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45526298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-18DOI: 10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i1p63-75
S. Rabiu
Dietary resource partitioning among age-sex classes of Agama agama (Squamata: Agamidae) assessed by fecal pellet analysis. Dietary analysis is critical to understand the ecological roles of lizards, especially of species of Agama that are colonizing continents and islands from which they were previously absent. The foraging habits of four groups—viz., adult females, adult males, and young and juveniles (of both sexes)—of Agama agama in Nigeria were observed to assess the diet of the lizards and the contribution of the diet to separating age-sex classes. The claim that fying arthropods are less likely to be eaten by lizards was tested, and the hypothesis of dietary opportunism was explored. Sets (3–5 pellets) of 1453 fecal pellets collected during a 2-yr period were linked to individual lizards. Multivariate discriminant analysis of individual food items showed 61% lizards were correctly classifed to age-sex. However, items pooled into composite food groups, yielded fewer (43%) correctly classifed lizards. Cluster Analysis indicated that individual foods were less common (46.3%) to lizard classes than composite foods (76.1%). Thus, lizard age-sex classes are better differentiated when prey item is identifed at the lowest possible taxonomic level. Overall, arthropods are the largest, composite food for all lizard classes but, the relative amounts of different arthropod taxa varies signifcantly, and is highest for Diptera. Other foods include plants, seeds, and non-arthropod animal material. Differing coeffcients of variation accentuate dietary disparities within classes. Proportions of most individual and composite diet items differ signifcantly by month, season, and study site. Although consumed by lizards, no traces of white mold were found in the feces; this underscores the value of combining fecal analysis with surveillance of foraging habits of Agama agama.
通过粪便颗粒分析评估Agama Agama (Squamata: Agamidae)年龄-性别分类间的膳食资源分配。饮食分析对于了解蜥蜴的生态作用至关重要，特别是对于那些在以前没有的大陆和岛屿上定居的阿加马物种。四种动物的觅食习惯分别是:研究人员观察了尼日利亚Agama Agama蜥蜴的成年雌性、成年雄性、幼蜥和幼蜥(两性)，以评估其饮食以及饮食对区分年龄-性别等级的贡献。对节肢动物不太可能被蜥蜴吃掉的说法进行了验证，并对饮食机会主义的假设进行了探索。在2年期间收集的1453个粪便颗粒(3-5个颗粒)与单个蜥蜴有关。多变量判别分析表明，61%的蜥蜴被正确分类为年龄-性别。然而，将食物组合到复合食物组中，正确分类的蜥蜴数量较少(43%)。聚类分析表明，单个食物在蜥蜴类中的常见程度(46.3%)低于复合食物(76.1%)。因此，当猎物在尽可能低的分类水平上被识别时，蜥蜴的年龄-性别分类就能得到更好的区分。总的来说，节肢动物是所有蜥蜴类中最大的复合食物，但不同节肢动物类群的相对数量差异很大，以双翅目最高。其他食物包括植物、种子和非节肢动物材料。不同的变异系数突出了类内的饮食差异。大多数单独和复合饮食项目的比例在月份、季节和研究地点有显著差异。虽然被蜥蜴吃掉了，但粪便中没有发现白色霉菌的痕迹;这强调了将粪便分析与Agama Agama觅食习惯监测相结合的价值。
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