Physical Communication最新文献

Robust beamforming and trajectory design for UAV-assisted RSMA systems with jittering 具有抖动的无人机辅助RSMA系统的鲁棒波束形成和轨迹设计

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103032

Wei Yang , Kai Cheng , Jiayi Wu , Xue Chen

To address the challenges in smart campus environments, such as uneven user distribution, temporary communication hotspots, and diverse service requirements, we investigate an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) system to improve spectral efficiency and reliability. In this framework, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is employed to enhance the communication between the UAV and ground users. However, precise estimation of the UAV-related channels remains difficult due to airflow disturbances and body vibrations during the UAV’s flight. To overcome this challenge, the UAV-related channel was modeled based on the impact of UAV jitter on the antenna array response, and a joint optimization problem is formulated for transmit beamforming, RIS phase shifts, and UAV trajectory to maximize the worst-case sum rate among all users. Due to the non-convex structure of the formulated problem, a direct solution is infeasible. Therefore, the alternating optimization (AO) method is adopted to sequentially optimize the beamforming vectors, RIS phase shift vectors, and UAV trajectory, thereby simplifying the coupled non-convex problem into three tractable subproblems. Subsequently, the successive convex approximation (SCA) method and the S-Procedure are applied to address these subproblems efficiently. Simulation results verify that the proposed algorithm achieves superior robustness and higher worst-case sum rate in UAV-assisted RSMA systems with jitter.

为了解决智能校园环境中用户分布不均匀、通信热点临时存在、业务需求多样化等问题，研究了一种基于无人机（UAV）的分频多址（RSMA）系统，以提高频谱效率和可靠性。在该框架中，采用可重构智能曲面（RIS）增强无人机与地面用户之间的通信。然而，由于无人机飞行过程中的气流干扰和机体振动，无人机相关通道的精确估计仍然很困难。为了克服这一挑战，基于无人机抖动对天线阵列响应的影响，建立了无人机相关信道模型，并建立了发射波束形成、RIS相移和无人机轨迹的联合优化问题，以最大化所有用户的最坏情况和速率。由于公式化问题的非凸结构，直接求解是不可行的。因此，采用交替优化（AO）方法对波束形成矢量、RIS相移矢量和无人机轨迹进行顺序优化，从而将耦合非凸问题简化为三个可处理的子问题。随后，应用逐次凸逼近法和s -过程有效地求解了这些子问题。仿真结果表明，该算法在具有抖动的无人机辅助RSMA系统中具有较好的鲁棒性和较高的最坏情况和速率。

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引用次数: 0

Low-complexity robust beamforming via orthogonal polynomial fitting and dual-phase-shifter structure 基于正交多项式拟合和双移相器结构的低复杂度鲁棒波束形成

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103055

Yipei Zhang , Peng Chen , Tao Luo , Zhimin Chen

In adaptive beamforming-based anti-interference systems, dynamic interferences or platform perturbations can cause misalignment between interference signals and pre-configured spatial nulls, leading to significant degradation in anti-interference performance due to reduced suppression capability of the beamforming algorithm. To prevent such misalignment, broadening the width of the spatial nulls is a feasible solution. However, conventional methods suffer from high computational complexity due to the integration and inversion operations involving the covariance matrix. This paper proposes a robust adaptive beamforming algorithm with reduced complexity by reconstructing the covariance matrix. We employ orthogonal polynomial fitting to approximate the steering vectors associated with the broadened nulling regions. Hence, the interference subspace is directly obtained and the robustness of the interference suppression is enhanced while maintaining low complexity. Additionally, the algorithm is implemented based on the double-phase shifters (DPS) structure to control the antenna weights and phases. Compared to the traditional attenuator and single-phase shifter (ATT-SPS) structure, the DPS structure represents the weight vector as the sum of two constant modulus vectors. Simulation results indicate that the DPS structure performs better in beamforming at lower quantization bits, achieving performance closer to that of an unquantized system.

在基于自适应波束形成的抗干扰系统中，动态干扰或平台扰动会导致干扰信号与预先配置的空间零点之间的不对准，从而导致波束形成算法抑制能力的降低，导致抗干扰性能显著下降。为了防止这种错位，扩大空间空区的宽度是一种可行的解决方案。然而，传统的方法由于涉及协方差矩阵的积分和反演操作，计算量大。本文提出了一种通过重构协方差矩阵来降低复杂度的鲁棒自适应波束形成算法。我们使用正交多项式拟合来近似与拓宽的零化区域相关的转向向量。从而直接获得干扰子空间，在保持低复杂度的同时增强了干扰抑制的鲁棒性。此外，该算法基于双移相器（DPS）结构来控制天线权值和相位。与传统的衰减器和单相移相器（ATT-SPS）结构相比，DPS结构将权向量表示为两个常模向量的和。仿真结果表明，DPS结构在较低量化位下的波束形成性能更好，性能更接近于非量化系统。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing communication-centric and sensing-centric energy efficiencies for OTFS-based integrated sensing and communication systems 优化基于otfs的集成传感和通信系统的以通信为中心和以传感为中心的能源效率

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103058

Yuh-Shyan Chen, Wen-Long Ye

The Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) system is recognized as a key technology in sixth-generation (6G) communication, facilitating spectrum resource sharing and system coordination. In future wireless communication networks, ISAC aims to achieve both high-efficiency data transmission and precise target sensing within a shared spectrum, thereby significantly enhancing spectrum utilization and reducing system costs. However, achieving high spectral efficiency in ISAC systems remains challenging due to the need to balance communication performance with sensing capabilities. While ensuring stable data transmission, the system must also meet the accuracy and timeliness requirements of sensing tasks. This dual-objective trade-off makes ISAC a critical application scenario for multi-objective optimization theory. To address this, this paper employs the Dinkelbach method and the Successive Convex Approximation (SCA) technique to resolve the non-convexity of energy efficiency optimization problems. Furthermore, the Pareto Simulated Annealing (PSA) approach is applied to determine the Pareto boundary of the multi-objective optimization problem, achieving an optimized balance between communication energy efficiency and sensing energy efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves approximately 20% energy savings compared to existing methods.

集成传感与通信（ISAC）系统被认为是第六代（6G）通信的关键技术，有助于频谱资源共享和系统协调。在未来的无线通信网络中，ISAC的目标是在共享频谱内实现高效的数据传输和精确的目标感知，从而显著提高频谱利用率，降低系统成本。然而，由于需要平衡通信性能和传感能力，在ISAC系统中实现高频谱效率仍然具有挑战性。在保证数据传输稳定的同时，还必须满足传感任务的准确性和及时性要求。这种双目标权衡使得ISAC成为多目标优化理论的关键应用场景。为了解决这一问题，本文采用Dinkelbach方法和连续凸逼近（SCA）技术来解决能效优化问题的非凸性问题。在此基础上，利用Pareto模拟退火（PSA）方法确定多目标优化问题的Pareto边界，实现通信能效与传感能效之间的最优平衡。实验结果表明，与现有方法相比，该方案节能约20%。

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引用次数: 0

Performance optimization of active RIS-assisted UAV communications 主动ris辅助无人机通信性能优化

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103037

Wafa Abid , Moufida Hajajj , Ridha Bouallegue

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are considered a promising technology for the future sixth-generation (6G) systems because of their advantages, such as extended coverage, energy efficiency, concentrated signal, adaptability, and capacity to offer ground terminal computing services. Utilizing UAVs can greatly minimize compute task latency and improve system performance. Furthermore, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) are an emerging technology that has the potential to improve wireless networks’ propagation environments. UAV-assisted RIS communications are considered a potential solution for future generations of networks. We consider a downlink communication scenario where an UAV operating as a base station is assisted by an active RIS. By simultaneously adjusting the UAV beamforming and RIS coefficients, we hope to maximize the sum rate of users. We propose an iterative algorithm for solving this problem. Then, we analyse the system performance in terms of total rate, energy efficiency, and robustness to channel estimate errors, while explicitly accounting for the power consumption of active RIS components. A comparison with a standard passive RIS-assisted UAV network is also conducted. Numerical results confirm that the active RIS compensates for the considerable path loss associated with UAV-to-ground channels, hence significantly increasing the sum rate. Additionally, the suggested system provides improved energy efficiency in the low-to-moderate power regime, owing to the superior spectrum efficiency given by signal amplification

无人驾驶飞行器（uav）被认为是未来第六代（6G）系统的一种有前途的技术，因为它们具有扩展覆盖范围、能源效率、集中信号、适应性和提供地面终端计算服务的能力等优势。利用无人机可以极大地减少计算任务延迟，提高系统性能。此外，可重构智能表面（RISs）是一项新兴技术，具有改善无线网络传播环境的潜力。无人机辅助RIS通信被认为是未来几代网络的潜在解决方案。我们考虑了一个下行通信场景，其中无人机作为基站运行，由主动RIS辅助。通过对无人机波束形成系数和RIS系数的同步调整，使用户的总和率最大化。我们提出了一种迭代算法来解决这个问题。然后，我们从总速率、能源效率和对信道估计误差的鲁棒性方面分析了系统性能，同时明确考虑了有源RIS组件的功耗。并与标准无源ris辅助无人机网络进行了比较。数值结果证实，主动RIS补偿了与无人机对地信道相关的相当大的路径损失，从而显着提高了求和速率。此外，由于信号放大提供了优越的频谱效率，所建议的系统在低至中等功率状态下提供了改进的能量效率

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引用次数: 0

Reinforcement learning-based resource allocation for multi-task multi-codebook semantic communications 基于强化学习的多任务多码本语义通信资源分配

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102982

Ying Zhang , Leibing Yan , Guang Li

Task-oriented semantic communications (SC) compress and transmit the meaning of data to meet end-task goals, e.g., perception or decision accuracy, using far fewer bits than classical source-channel pipelines. As these systems scale, two realities dominate deployments: (a) devices must simultaneously serve heterogeneous tasks such as reconstruction for telepresence, segmentation for autonomy, and classification for analytics, and (b) encoders increasingly rely on multi-codebook hierarchies that share low-level semantics across tasks while specializing higher layers. These requirements expose a new optimization problem: how to jointly control radio resources, including subcarriers, power, code rate, and per-task codebooks in real time to optimize semantic utility under power and latency constraints. We address this by developing a practical controller, named ReSCo-SAC, that integrates a unified hierarchical multi-codebook design for multi-task semantics and an entropy-regularized reinforcement learner based on Soft Actor-Critic (SAC). The hierarchical design supplies vertical cross-task structure and a top-down quick-search mechanism to accelerate codeword lookup and prune the codebook choices online, and the learner turns semantic feedback into resource decisions that track the marginal semantic gain. We formalize the system model, an operational objective, and a hybrid action space that combines continuous radio controls with discrete codebook selections. We then detail an implementation that projects relaxed actions to a feasible OFDMA schedule, couples codebook choice to the hierarchical search, and uses online semantic measurements to tune the controller. Extended simulation results demonstrate that the proposed multi-codebook structure and entropy-regularized ReSCo-SAC can perform robust, resource-efficient SC in multiple tasks.

面向任务的语义通信（SC）压缩和传输数据的含义，以满足任务结束的目标，例如，感知或决策的准确性，使用比传统的源信道管道少得多的比特。随着这些系统的扩展，两个现实主导着部署：(a)设备必须同时服务于异构任务，如远程呈现的重建、自治的分割和分析的分类；(b)编码器越来越依赖于多码本层次结构，这些层次结构在任务之间共享低级语义，同时专门处理更高层。这些要求暴露了一个新的优化问题：如何实时联合控制无线电资源，包括子载波、功率、码率和每任务码本，以优化功率和延迟约束下的语义效用。我们通过开发一种名为ReSCo-SAC的实用控制器来解决这个问题，该控制器集成了用于多任务语义的统一分层多码本设计和基于软Actor-Critic （SAC）的熵正则化强化学习器。分层设计提供垂直的跨任务结构和自上而下的快速搜索机制，以加速码字查找和在线修剪码本选择，学习者将语义反馈转化为跟踪边际语义增益的资源决策。我们将系统模型、操作目标和混合行动空间形式化，该空间结合了连续无线电控制和离散码本选择。然后，我们详细介绍了一种实现，该实现将放松动作投影到可行的OFDMA调度中，将码本选择与分层搜索相结合，并使用在线语义测量来调整控制器。扩展的仿真结果表明，所提出的多码本结构和熵正则化ReSCo-SAC可以在多任务中执行鲁棒、资源高效的SC。

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引用次数: 0

Adaptive coding and modulation in direct A2G communication link for inflight broadband connectivity 机载宽带直接A2G通信链路的自适应编码和调制

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102968

Amjed Ali, Noor Muhammad Khan

The growing demand for high-speed and reliable inflight broadband connectivity (IFC) presents unique challenges for direct air-to-ground communication (DA2GC) systems, especially when they operate in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band. While mmWave frequencies offer high capacity and spectral efficiency, they are highly susceptible to atmospheric impairments such as rain attenuation, gaseous absorption, and Doppler effects (caused by aircraft mobility).

This study proposes a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)-driven adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) framework specifically designed for DA2GC links. The goal is to enhance spectral efficiency and link reliability under time-varying channel conditions. The proposed ACM system dynamically selects the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) based on real-time channel feedback, ensuring robust performance in both favorable and adverse weather conditions.

A comprehensive DA2GC channel model is developed based on ITU-R recommendations. The model accounts for rain attenuation, polarization effects, antenna tilt, and altitude-dependent gas absorption. To capture the dynamics of high-mobility aeronautical environments, simulations employ a Rician fading model, with the Doppler coherence time used to define ACM block duration. The results indicate that rainfall can cause variations of up to 100 dB in the link budget, highlighting the importance of adaptive transmission strategies. Lower-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) schemes with stronger coding ensure link availability during rain fades, while higher-order QAM schemes maximize throughput under clear-sky conditions.

The proposed ACM scheme demonstrates promising real-time adaptability, indicating its potential to support high-speed and reliable inflight connectivity. Future work will focus on uplink adaptation, energy-efficiency trade-offs, and the practical (particularly hardware) feasibility of onboard ACM implementation.

对高速可靠的飞行宽带连接（IFC）日益增长的需求给直接空对地通信（DA2GC）系统带来了独特的挑战，特别是当它们在毫米波（mmWave）频段运行时。虽然毫米波频率提供高容量和频谱效率，但它们极易受到大气损伤的影响，如雨衰减、气体吸收和多普勒效应（由飞机机动性引起）。本研究提出了一个专为DA2GC链路设计的信噪比（SNR）驱动的自适应编码和调制（ACM）框架。目标是提高时变信道条件下的频谱效率和链路可靠性。提出的ACM系统基于实时信道反馈动态选择调制和编码方案（MCS），保证了在有利和不利天气条件下的鲁棒性能。根据ITU-R的建议，开发了一个全面的DA2GC信道模型。该模式考虑了降雨衰减、极化效应、天线倾斜和与高度有关的气体吸收。为了捕捉高机动性航空环境的动态，仿真采用了一个专家衰落模型，并使用多普勒相干时间来定义ACM块持续时间。结果表明，降雨可导致链路预算的变化高达100 dB，突出了自适应传输策略的重要性。具有较强编码的低阶正交调幅（QAM）方案可确保在降雨期间的链路可用性，而高阶QAM方案可在晴天条件下最大化吞吐量。提出的ACM方案显示出良好的实时适应性，表明其支持高速可靠的飞行连接的潜力。未来的工作将集中在上行链路适应、能源效率权衡以及板载ACM实现的实际（特别是硬件）可行性上。

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引用次数: 0

Performance analysis of IRS-aided full-duplex mmWave UAV systems using RSMA and antenna selection 基于RSMA和天线选择的irs辅助全双工毫米波无人机系统性能分析

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103003

Cong Hung Dinh , Xuan Nghia Pham , Xuan Nam Tran , Ba Cao Nguyen

This article proposes a combination of emerging technologies, including rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA), full-duplex (FD) communications, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications, intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS), and millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications, to enhance the performance of wireless systems in fifth-generation (5G) and beyond (B5G) networks with multiple clusters. We mathematically derive and present formulas for outage probability (OP), throughput, and ergodic capacity (EC) for the proposed IRS-aided UAV-RSMA system with transmit antenna selection (TAS), employing FD transmission over Nakagami-m channels. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed system offers significant performance improvements over existing systems. Specifically, across different comparative scenarios, TAS provides higher performance than systems without TAS. Furthermore, RSMA outperforms non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), particularly in high-power regions, by reducing OP and preventing error floor saturation. Additionally, increasing the number of reflecting elements (REs) substantially enhances system performance. Moreover, key factors such as carrier frequency, number of REs, transmission rates, UAV speed and altitude, and residual self-interference (SI) levels play a crucial role in minimizing OP and maximizing throughput and EC. Finally, Monte-Carlo simulations are conducted to validate the accuracy of the theoretical formulas.

本文提出了分频多址（RSMA）、全双工（FD）通信、无人机（UAV）通信、智能反射面（IRS）和毫米波（mmWave）通信等新兴技术的组合，以增强具有多集群的第五代（5G）及以上（B5G）网络中无线系统的性能。我们从数学上推导并给出了具有发射天线选择（TAS）的irs辅助无人机- rsma系统的中断概率（OP）、吞吐量和遍历容量（EC）的公式，该系统采用在Nakagami-m信道上的FD传输。数值结果表明，与现有系统相比，该系统具有显著的性能改进。具体来说，在不同的比较场景中，TAS比没有TAS的系统提供更高的性能。此外，RSMA优于非正交多址（NOMA），特别是在高功率区域，通过降低OP和防止错误地板饱和。此外，增加反射元件（REs）的数量可以大大提高系统性能。此外，载波频率、REs数量、传输速率、无人机速度和高度以及剩余自干扰（SI）水平等关键因素在最小化OP和最大化吞吐量和EC方面发挥着至关重要的作用。最后，通过蒙特卡罗仿真验证了理论公式的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

An improved matrix reconstruction method for the DOA estimation with unknown mutual coupling effects 一种改进的矩阵重构方法用于未知互耦效应下的DOA估计

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103006

Xiang Li , Peng Chen , Zhimin Chen , Zihang Li

The analog structure is widely used for the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in millimeter-wave systems because of its low power consumption and efficient implementation. However, due to the limited number of radio frequency (RF) chains in the architecture, it is infeasible to independently acquire data from each antenna and the inevitably mutual coupling effects will also make accurate DOA estimation become harder. These issues increase the challenge of achieving high-precision DOA estimations. To address these problems, a novel DOA estimation procedure is proposed in this letter to reconstruct the covariance matrix with high precision and reduce the effects of the mutual coupling on the DOA estimation. By adjusting the weights of each antenna, including switches and phase shifters, the covariance matrix is reconstructed and transformed into a real-valued matrix. Subsequently, through matrix enhancement, the covariance matrix can be appropriately modified to improve the accuracy of the DOA estimation in the presence of unknown mutual coupling effects. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves better DOA estimation performance in scenarios with unknown mutual coupling effects.

模拟结构以其低功耗和高效实现的特点被广泛应用于毫米波系统的到达方向估计。然而，由于该架构中射频链的数量有限，从每个天线独立获取数据是不可行的，不可避免的相互耦合效应也会使准确的DOA估计变得更加困难。这些问题增加了实现高精度DOA估计的挑战。针对这些问题，本文提出了一种新的DOA估计方法，以高精度地重建协方差矩阵，减少互耦对DOA估计的影响。通过调整各天线（包括开关和移相器）的权值，重构协方差矩阵并将其变换为实值矩阵。随后，通过矩阵增强，可以对协方差矩阵进行适当修改，以提高未知互耦效应下的DOA估计精度。仿真结果表明，在相互耦合未知的情况下，该算法具有较好的DOA估计性能。

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引用次数: 0

Shallow water-oriented low-complexity iterative detector for underwater acoustic OTFS systems 面向浅水的水声OTFS系统低复杂度迭代探测器

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2026.102999

Feng Liu, Jiahua Huang, Jun Gao

Shallow water acoustic communication plays an important role in offshore exploration but faces challenges from both adverse channel conditions and resource-constrained equipment capabilities. OTFS modulation improves BER and spectral efficiency in such environments; however, existing detection methods such as MPA and LMMSE remain computationally intensive. Specifically, even the relatively more efficient MPA and related frameworks like DD-MRC still impose heavy computational burdens, while LMMSE exhibits extremely high complexity that is impractical for resource-limited devices. To address this, we propose a low-complexity iterative rake detector with delay-time domain maximal ratio combining (DT-MRC), which reduces redundancy via intermediate storage and domain transformations. Built on the delay-Doppler domain MRC (DD-MRC) framework, our contributions include developing DT-MRC for efficient shallow water detection and analyzing complexity-BER trade-offs. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed DT-MRC maintains nearly optimal BER performance (comparable to MPA and LMMSE) while achieving significantly lower complexity-reducing computational overhead by approximately 80% compared to MPA, over 99.9% compared to LMMSE, and about 95% compared to DD-MRC-thus meeting the requirements of marine equipment.

浅水水声通信在海上勘探中发挥着重要作用，但面临着不利航道条件和资源受限设备能力的挑战。OTFS调制提高了这种环境下的误码率和频谱效率；然而，现有的检测方法，如MPA和LMMSE，仍然是计算密集型的。具体来说，即使是相对更高效的MPA和相关框架，如DD-MRC，仍然会带来沉重的计算负担，而LMMSE表现出极高的复杂性，对于资源有限的设备来说是不切实际的。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种低复杂度的延迟-时域最大比值组合（DT-MRC）迭代rake检测器，该检测器通过中间存储和域转换来减少冗余。基于延迟多普勒域MRC （DD-MRC）框架，我们的贡献包括开发用于有效浅水检测和分析复杂性-误码率权衡的DT-MRC。大量的仿真结果表明，所提出的DT-MRC保持了近乎最佳的误误率性能（与MPA和LMMSE相比），同时实现了显著降低的复杂性——与MPA相比减少了约80%的计算开销，与LMMSE相比减少了99.9%以上，与dd - mrc相比减少了约95%，从而满足了船舶设备的要求。

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引用次数: 0

Design and performance of UAV-employed hybrid FSO/RF systems for weather-resilient 6G and beyond networks 无人机采用的混合FSO/RF系统的设计和性能，用于6G及以上的天气弹性网络

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103040

Workeneh Geleta Negassa , Demissie J. Gelmecha , Ram Sewak Singh

This study investigates the performance and optimization of a UAV-assisted hybrid Free Space Optics (FSO) and Radio Frequency (RF) communication system within a Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network (SAGIN) framework designed for 6G. The paper aims to enhance system reliability, energy efficiency, and capacity in dynamic environments affected by weather variability and the mobility of UAVs. The proposed hybrid architecture combines the high bandwidth of FSO with the robustness of RF, utilizing UAVs as relay nodes to counteract atmospheric attenuation, turbulence, pointing errors, and changing link conditions. FSO channels are modeled using Gamma-Gamma and Exponential Weibull distributions, while RF links consider Nakagami-m fading to reflect real-world impairments. Five advanced UAV relay selection strategies, Adaptive Threshold-Based Selection, Weighted SNR Optimization, Energy-Efficient Relay Selection, Multi-Objective Optimization, and Dynamic Multi-Hop Relay, are introduced to enhance SNR, energy efficiency, and reliability. A novel algorithm, Weather-Resilient Multi-Objective Swarm and Proximal Optimization with Dynamic Relay Selection (WRMSPO-DRS), is developed to optimize UAV trajectories and relay selection through weather-adaptive step sizes, proximal regularization, and energy harvesting via Simultaneous Lightwave Information and Power Transfer (SLIPT). Simulation results demonstrate strong performance under various conditions: in clear air, the system achieves a BER of 10⁻⁷ and an outage probability of 10⁻⁶ at 0 dBm (m = 3), three-hop relay configurations reach outage probabilities as low as 10^-30. The system's robustness further improves with higher RF quality and larger receiver apertures. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the hybrid FSO/RF system and intelligent relay selection in ensuring resilient 6G communications in challenging, dynamic environments.

本研究研究了在为6G设计的天空地一体化网络（SAGIN）框架中，无人机辅助的自由空间光学（FSO）和射频（RF）混合通信系统的性能和优化。本文旨在提高系统可靠性、能源效率和无人机机动性在受天气变化和动态环境影响下的能力。所提出的混合架构结合了FSO的高带宽和RF的鲁棒性，利用无人机作为中继节点来抵消大气衰减、湍流、指向误差和不断变化的链路条件。FSO信道使用Gamma-Gamma和指数威布尔分布建模，而RF链路考虑Nakagami-m衰落来反映现实世界的损伤。提出了基于自适应阈值选择、加权信噪比优化、节能中继选择、多目标优化和动态多跳中继五种先进的无人机中继选择策略，以提高无人机的信噪比、能效和可靠性。提出了一种新的算法，天气弹性多目标群和近端优化与动态中继选择（WRMSPO-DRS），通过天气适应步长、近端正则化和同步光波信息和功率传输（SLIPT）的能量收集来优化无人机轨迹和中继选择。仿真结果表明，该系统在各种条件下都具有良好的性能：在晴空条件下，系统在0 dBm （m = 3）时的误码率为10−7，中断概率为10−6，三跳中继配置的中断概率低至10-30。更高的射频质量和更大的接收机孔径进一步提高了系统的鲁棒性。这些发现强调了FSO/RF混合系统和智能中继选择在确保具有挑战性的动态环境中具有弹性的6G通信方面的有效性。

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引用次数: 0