Physical Communication最新文献

英文中文

Sum throughput maximization of coupled phase-shift STAR-RIS aided RSMA system in FBL transmission

IF 2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102688

Mengmeng Wang , Xin Su , Bei Liu , Xibin Xu

The proliferation of diverse mission-critical applications places an urgent demand on elevated data rates, reduced latency and superior reliability for next-generation ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) services. The simultaneous transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) and rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) technologies have emerged as potential technologies for future wireless networks to support greater coverage, stronger interference management and higher system performance. In this paper, we investigate the coupled phase-shift STAR-RIS aided RSMA system to enhance finite block length (FBL) transmission. Specifically, we focus on the optimization problem of sum throughput maximization via the joint optimization of the common rate allocation (CRA), beamforming matrix, and the transmission and reflection coefficients (TARC) matrix. Owing to the non-convexity of the optimization problem and the strong coupling of the variables, we employ the concept of alternating optimization (AO) to decompose the original problem into two easily solvable sub-problems: beamforming matrix and CRA optimization at base station (BS), TARC matrix optimization at STAR-RIS, which are resolved through the penalty function method and successive convex approximations (SCA). Simulation results validate that the proposed coupled phase-shift STAR-RIS aided RSMA scheme substantially boosts sum throughput relative to the benchmark methods, while satisfying the URLLC requirements.

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引用次数: 0

Combined BP-MF algorithm for cluster sparse non-stationary channel of massive MIMO

IF 2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102692

Xinhua Lu , Yiwen Zhu , Linlin Mo , Yan Xiao , Xiangchuan Gao

This paper proposes a high precision iterative channel estimation algorithm for the uplink of massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. The transmitted signals from a mobile single antenna, are observed as a multi-pattern sparse structure channel over antenna array on account of multi-path. As a result, the whole discrete channel tap vectors received by the array can be clustered into a number of different sets by a non-stationary prior – Dirichlet process (DP) – under the Bayesian framework. Mean Field (MF) – one of the message passing rules – has been used popularly in channel estimation problem, but still suffers from low accuracy. In order to leverage the high accuracy of Belief Propagation (BP), another message passing rule, a combined message passing channel estimation algorithm are developed by combining BP and MF rule based on factor graph. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm results in a significant performance improvement compared to the state-of-the-art channel estimation algorithms with a similar complexity.

引用次数: 0

A low complexity and multi-resolution structure for Space–Time–Frequency sensing and communication system

IF 2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102690

Manjun Lu, Wei Wang, Xiaoming Wu, Xunqiang Zhou

To achieve multi-resolution capabilities in space–time–frequency sensing and communication systems while minimizing complexity and conserving resources, we proposed a configurable channelized optimization design method based on conjugate frequency modulation frequency response masking (CFM-FRM). The configurable channelized structure is realized by coefficient decimation method, and the structure is further optimized by CFM-FRM method to reduce the implementation complexity. The simulation results show that the structure can dynamically select the optimal resolution according to the actual needs. Comparative analysis shows that compared with the existing methods, the number of multipliers consumed by CFM-FRM structure is significantly reduced.

引用次数: 0

A Novel PAPR reduction method using Schur decomposition in CAZAC transform based precoded OFDM for Beyond 5G Applications

IF 2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2025-04-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102681

N. Bharathiraja , Suseela Vappangi , T. Deepa , V.V. Mani

In the recent times, the demand for better spectral efficiency and lower power consumption has increased significantly. As a result, effective methods for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) are crucial. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a fundamental technology in 5G and Beyond 5G (B5G) systems. To enhance its performance, implementing an efficient PAPR reduction technique is necessary. Based upon these grounds, this paper introduces a novel PAPR reduction method that integrates Schur decomposition with Walsh–Hadamard Transform (WHT) and Constant Amplitude Zero Auto-Correlation (CAZAC) transform in a precoded OFDM system. The mathematical expression of the time-domain signal for the proposed Schur-based WHT＋CAZAC-OFDM system is derived. The simulation results of this work unveil that the proposed SCHUR＋WHT＋CAZAC-based OFDM system significantly minimizes PAPR by exhibiting a remarkable PAPR reduction of 8.736 dB and 9.86 dB compared to conventional OFDM over AWGN and Rayleigh Fading channels. In addition, the proposed system enhances spectral containment, and reduces spectral regrowth with substantial improvement in power spectral density (PSD) performance. A comparative analysis with singular value decomposition (SVD) and QR decomposition-based approaches is also performed. The results indicate that all three techniques effectively reduce PAPR. However, the SCHUR＋WHT＋CAZAC method achieves a better balance between computational complexity and overall performance. These advancements make it highly suitable for various B5G applications, including ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), where high data rates, low latency, and reliable connectivity are crucial.

{"title":"A Novel PAPR reduction method using Schur decomposition in CAZAC transform based precoded OFDM for Beyond 5G Applications","authors":"N. Bharathiraja , Suseela Vappangi , T. Deepa , V.V. Mani","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the recent times, the demand for better spectral efficiency and lower power consumption has increased significantly. As a result, effective methods for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) are crucial. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a fundamental technology in 5G and Beyond 5G (B5G) systems. To enhance its performance, implementing an efficient PAPR reduction technique is necessary. Based upon these grounds, this paper introduces a novel PAPR reduction method that integrates Schur decomposition with Walsh–Hadamard Transform (WHT) and Constant Amplitude Zero Auto-Correlation (CAZAC) transform in a precoded OFDM system. The mathematical expression of the time-domain signal for the proposed Schur-based WHT＋CAZAC-OFDM system is derived. The simulation results of this work unveil that the proposed SCHUR＋WHT＋CAZAC-based OFDM system significantly minimizes PAPR by exhibiting a remarkable PAPR reduction of 8.736 dB and 9.86 dB compared to conventional OFDM over AWGN and Rayleigh Fading channels. In addition, the proposed system enhances spectral containment, and reduces spectral regrowth with substantial improvement in power spectral density (PSD) performance. A comparative analysis with singular value decomposition (SVD) and QR decomposition-based approaches is also performed. The results indicate that all three techniques effectively reduce PAPR. However, the SCHUR＋WHT＋CAZAC method achieves a better balance between computational complexity and overall performance. These advancements make it highly suitable for various B5G applications, including ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), where high data rates, low latency, and reliable connectivity are crucial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102681"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

JCANet: Multi-domain federated lightweight self-attention CSI feedback network

IF 2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102682

Jianhong Xiang , Zilu Li , Wei Liu

In frequency division duplex (FDD) massive MIMO systems, as the number of antennas increases, the amount of downlink channel state information (CSI) data fed back from the user’s end increases significantly, many deep learning (DL)-based CSI compression feedback methods show their potential. Existing networks mostly extract channel features in the angle-delay domain through complex convolutional structures, neglecting the frequency correlation among subcarriers, which makes it difficult to fully capture global features with long-distance dependencies. Moreover, these approaches suffer from high complexity. To address these issues, we propose a multi-domain joint lightweight self-attention feedback network (JCANet). First, a multi-domain joint strategy is proposed at the encoder side. On the basis of designing angular-delay domain convolution to extract local features of channel information, a frequency domain convolution (FCv) branch is used to span multiple subcarriers to capture the global features of the channel, achieving multi-domain extraction of channel information features. Then, a lightweight multi-scale cross-layer self-attention (LMSCA) module is proposed on the decoder side, which utilizes the multi-scale information of the CSI matrix to establish correlations and long-range dependencies between input sequences under low complexity. Simulation results show that JCANet achieves higher performance with lower computational complexity compared to other lightweight networks.

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引用次数: 0

Eavesdropping defense scheme in C-V2X using deep learning and reinforcement learning

IF 2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102673

Shuang Gu , Minjie Wei , Longxia Liao , Junhui Zhao

The broadcast nature of wireless signals allows malicious eavesdroppers to stealthily intercept and disrupt communication links, while dynamic spectrum competition in dense scenarios further degrades the performance of legitimate links. This paper investigates a collaborative security framework that integrates physical-layer dynamic authentication and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for vehicular networks with multiple eavesdropping vehicles. To mitigate spoofing risks, we design a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-based authentication model that verifies legitimate vehicle identities by extracting time-varying channel characteristics, thereby reducing communication risks with unauthorized vehicles. Upon ensuring legitimate identities, we propose a joint optimization scheme for transmit power control and channel selection. To address dynamic channel fading and high vehicle mobility, a Double Deep Q-Learning (DDQN) algorithm is developed to adaptively allocate limited spectral resources for maximizing secrecy capacity. Simulation results demonstrate that our LSTM-DDQN anti-eavesdropping model outperforms the related methods in system secrecy rate and V2V energy efficiency.

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引用次数: 0

Performance analysis and implementation of biased MC-PPM for optical energy transfer and communication system

IF 2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102684

Min-Jin Kim , Tae-Ju Lee , Na-Young Hwang , Pankaj Singh , Sung-Yoon Jung

This paper investigates a new modulation technique, Biased multi-coded pulse position modulation (Biased MC-PPM), suitable for simultaneous lightwave information and power transfer (SLIPT) systems to overcome the limitations of energy harvesting efficiency in conventional light emitting diode (LED)-based modulation schemes. This technique utilizes direct current biasing to control the dimming levels and is compared with multi-coded variable pulse position modulation (MC-VPPM) and

M

-ary variable pulse position modulation (VPPM), which use pulse width modulation for dimming control. In Biased MC-PPM, the binary signal is first converted into an orthogonal code, and then the final signal is generated using a Biased PPM mapper. The generated signal is transmitted through an LED and received by a solar cell. Compared to MC-VPPM and

M

-ary VPPM, the Biased MC-PPM demonstrates slightly lower communication performance, but it proves to have higher energy transfer efficiency in visible light communication and free-space optical environments. Therefore, Biased MC-PPM presents a promising solution for SLIPT systems, where energy efficiency is a primary concern.

{"title":"Performance analysis and implementation of biased MC-PPM for optical energy transfer and communication system","authors":"Min-Jin Kim , Tae-Ju Lee , Na-Young Hwang , Pankaj Singh , Sung-Yoon Jung","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates a new modulation technique, Biased multi-coded pulse position modulation (Biased MC-PPM), suitable for simultaneous lightwave information and power transfer (SLIPT) systems to overcome the limitations of energy harvesting efficiency in conventional light emitting diode (LED)-based modulation schemes. This technique utilizes direct current biasing to control the dimming levels and is compared with multi-coded variable pulse position modulation (MC-VPPM) and <span><math><mi>M</mi></math></span>-ary variable pulse position modulation (VPPM), which use pulse width modulation for dimming control. In Biased MC-PPM, the binary signal is first converted into an orthogonal code, and then the final signal is generated using a Biased PPM mapper. The generated signal is transmitted through an LED and received by a solar cell. Compared to MC-VPPM and <span><math><mi>M</mi></math></span>-ary VPPM, the Biased MC-PPM demonstrates slightly lower communication performance, but it proves to have higher energy transfer efficiency in visible light communication and free-space optical environments. Therefore, Biased MC-PPM presents a promising solution for SLIPT systems, where energy efficiency is a primary concern.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moment based analysis over generalized fading accompanying hypergeometric and exponential functions with diversity

IF 2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102672

Puspraj Singh Chauhan , Paresh Chandra Sau , Sandeep Kumar , Ankit Jain , Sonia Aïssa , Vimal Bhatia

This paper introduces a generalized fading model, exhibiting algebraic, exponential, and hypergeometric functions and presents moment-based analysis. A novel expression for generalized truncated moments is derived, serving as a foundation for evaluating various performance metrics. Specifically, metrics such as the amount of fading (AoF), channel quality estimation index (CQEI), ergodic capacity, channel inversion with fixed rate (CIFR), truncated CIFR, effective rate, and block-length error rate (BLER) for short-packet communication are analyzed. The study extends the framework to include maximal ratio combining (MRC) diversity, assuming all paths are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). Low and high-power regimes are also examined to provide deeper insights into capacity analysis. The proposed methodologies are validated through extensive Monte Carlo simulations, confirming their accuracy and applicability.

引用次数: 0

Capture effect-based optimal access class barring for IoT communications

IF 2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102680

Waqas Tariq Toor , Imran Javed , Yawar Rehman , Muhammad Idrees , Zubair Mehmood

For 5G and beyond-5G systems, a key requirement is the support for massive Internet-of-Things (IoTs) and Machine Type Communication (MTC) devices that are integrated in the network for the purpose of data collection and reporting in various applications. During the random-access protocol of LTE-A/5G, large number of IoT devices access the network through preambles (PA) resulting in congestion. This is due to large likelihood of selection of same PA by more than one IoT device, which is called collision. Access Class Barring (ACB) scheme is used to control the congestion by limiting access of the devices to the network thereby reducing chances of collision. However, success is still possible if the two or more devices select the same PA, and are decoded correctly by the gNodeB (gNB), which is called capture effect. In this paper, we incorporate the effect of capture probability in the system model of IoT devices, and derive the optimal transmission probability, called as optimal ACB factor. Using this optimal ACB factor, a modified success probability is computed, and its performance is compared with the success probability based on conventional ACB factor. A Bayesian strategy is also proposed to estimate the number of backlogged IoT devices based on the information of idle, success, and collided PAs. Moreover, we also derive important performance parameters like total service time (TST) and access delay, and conduct extensive simulations to verify the analysis. Simulation results show significant improvement in TST and access delay if capture effect probability is used, and this scheme can be used to achieve the latency requirements of 5G.

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引用次数: 0

Minimizing distortion and enhancing security in Rayleigh fading channels

IF 2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102679

Hafsat Muhammad Bashir , Yunquan Dong , James Msughter Adeke

The trade-off between security, reliability, and distortion in a direct communication link with an eavesdropper is investigated by adjusting both the transmission power and the transmission rate, which affects the distortion size of the distortion-limited coding. This involves encoding data at a predetermined rate with Channel Side Information (CSI) to ensure successful data recovery within a defined distortion threshold. Using higher transmit power and coding rates effectively minimizes average distortion but increases intercept probability, whereas opting for lower transmit power and coding rates reduces interception probability while amplifying signal distortion. Thus, we investigate the distortion-intercept probability trade-off across feasible transmit powers and transmission intervals. For a Rayleigh fading channel, we derived a closed-form expression for the IP and calculated the maximum power when transmitting with a fixed power such that the intercept probability is below a threshold. We also present a water-filling-based power allocation to minimize the average distortion under some intercept probability requirements. With the proposed method, both numerical and Monte Carlo simulation demonstrate that employing a power control strategy reduces the average distortion and intercept probability to 78% and 50%, respectively, showcasing the effectiveness of the approach.

{"title":"Minimizing distortion and enhancing security in Rayleigh fading channels","authors":"Hafsat Muhammad Bashir , Yunquan Dong , James Msughter Adeke","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The trade-off between security, reliability, and distortion in a direct communication link with an eavesdropper is investigated by adjusting both the transmission power and the transmission rate, which affects the distortion size of the distortion-limited coding. This involves encoding data at a predetermined rate with Channel Side Information (CSI) to ensure successful data recovery within a defined distortion threshold. Using higher transmit power and coding rates effectively minimizes average distortion but increases intercept probability, whereas opting for lower transmit power and coding rates reduces interception probability while amplifying signal distortion. Thus, we investigate the distortion-intercept probability trade-off across feasible transmit powers and transmission intervals. For a Rayleigh fading channel, we derived a closed-form expression for the IP and calculated the maximum power when transmitting with a fixed power such that the intercept probability is below a threshold. We also present a water-filling-based power allocation to minimize the average distortion under some intercept probability requirements. With the proposed method, both numerical and Monte Carlo simulation demonstrate that employing a power control strategy reduces the average distortion and intercept probability to 78% and 50%, respectively, showcasing the effectiveness of the approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102679"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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