Physical Communication最新文献

英文中文

Weighted sum-rate maximization for phase quantized IRS-Assisted rate-splitting multiple access systems

IF 2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2024.102571

Qingyu Han, Kehao Wang, Kuiliang Li, Zhiheng Zhang

The rapid advancement of the next generation of mobile communication technologies has set increasingly stringent demands on transmission quality, capacity, and rate. In this paper, we discuss the weighted sum rate (WSR) using intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) for downlink multiuser multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems with consideration of phase quantization of IRS. The aim is to propose a scheme to obtain the maximum WSR by optimizing the equivalent beamforming matrix, quantized IRS phase shift matrix, and the common rate splitting scheme. To this end, an equivalent optimization scheme is designed on the basis of weighted minimum mean square error (WMMSE) algorithm, difference of convex sets (DCS) theory, Lagrange penalty and Taylor approximation, where the non-convex mixed continuous and discrete optimization problem is converted to three continuous convex optimization sub-problems and then worked out iteratively with the alternating optimization algorithm. We compare the maximum WSR achievable by quantized IRS-aided 1-layer-RSMA with three other multiple access (MA) technologies: dirty paper coding (DPC), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), and multiuser linear precoding (MULP) under different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scenarios. It is also found that the proposed method provides an improvement in WSR with the increase of the number of base station antennas, IRS reflective elements and phase quantization bits.

{"title":"Weighted sum-rate maximization for phase quantized IRS-Assisted rate-splitting multiple access systems","authors":"Qingyu Han, Kehao Wang, Kuiliang Li, Zhiheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2024.102571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2024.102571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid advancement of the next generation of mobile communication technologies has set increasingly stringent demands on transmission quality, capacity, and rate. In this paper, we discuss the weighted sum rate (WSR) using intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) for downlink multiuser multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems with consideration of phase quantization of IRS. The aim is to propose a scheme to obtain the maximum WSR by optimizing the equivalent beamforming matrix, quantized IRS phase shift matrix, and the common rate splitting scheme. To this end, an equivalent optimization scheme is designed on the basis of weighted minimum mean square error (WMMSE) algorithm, difference of convex sets (DCS) theory, Lagrange penalty and Taylor approximation, where the non-convex mixed continuous and discrete optimization problem is converted to three continuous convex optimization sub-problems and then worked out iteratively with the alternating optimization algorithm. We compare the maximum WSR achievable by quantized IRS-aided 1-layer-RSMA with three other multiple access (MA) technologies: dirty paper coding (DPC), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), and multiuser linear precoding (MULP) under different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scenarios. It is also found that the proposed method provides an improvement in WSR with the increase of the number of base station antennas, IRS reflective elements and phase quantization bits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 102571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Soft Actor–Critic optimization for efficient NOMA uplink in intelligent vehicular networks

IF 2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2024.102581

Peng Pi, Guangyuan Ren

This paper addresses the need for efficient data transmission in congested intelligent vehicular networks using Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA). We present a novel uplink communication model that maximizes NOMA’s spectral efficiency, enabling multiple vehicles to share frequency channels effectively. Our dynamic optimization framework adjusts channel assignments, power levels, and bandwidth allocations, significantly enhancing spectral and energy efficiencies critical for battery-limited intelligent vehicles. To address complex optimization challenges, we develop a Heterogeneous-action Multi-agent Soft Actor–Critic (HMSAC) algorithm with an enhanced attention mechanism, improving learning efficiency and convergence speed. Rigorous simulations show that our approach notably boosts energy efficiency, reliability, and scalability compared to baseline models. Finally, the challenges with NOMA implementation in dense networks and propose future research directions are also discussed.

引用次数: 0

ST-TNet: An spatio-temporal joint transformer network for CSI feedback in FDD-MIMO systems

IF 2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2024.102570

Linyu Wang, Yize Cao, Jianhong Xiang

In recent years, deep learning methods have been shown to have strong potential and superiority in reducing channel state information (CSI) feedback overhead and further improving feedback accuracy to maximize the performance benefits of massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) in frequency division duplex (FDD) mode. As the CSI matrices are transformed into sequences for input to the Transformer model, the rearrangement leads to the loss of the original physical location relationships. Based on this problem, this paper proposes a transformer decoder based on spatio-temporal joint (ST-T). We employ a spatial attention mechanism to compensate for this information loss and focus on key spatial features more accurately, further exploiting the potential of single- and two-layer transformers in reconstructing CSI matrices. The results are validated by simulations based on DCRNet and CLNet encoders, which show that higher performance can be achieved with lower computational load compared to other lightweight models.

引用次数: 0

On the performance of RIS-assisted energy harvesting over mixed dual-hop RF-FSO communications

IF 2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102615

Mustafa K. Alshawaqfeh , Osamah S. Badarneh , Yazan H. Al-Badarneh

The paper examines a mixed dual-hop transmission system that uses both radio frequency (RF) and free-space optical (FSO) communication technologies. The system includes an energy-constrained source (i.e., transmitter), a decode-and-forward (DaF) relay, and a destination. The source harvests energy from a power-beacon via a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) using a time-splitting protocol. The study derives closed-form expressions for the probability density functions (PDFs) and cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of the RF and FSO links, considering charging time and the number of reflecting elements. These expressions are then used to calculate the outage probability (OP), average bit error rate (ABER), and channel capacity, with additional simplified formulas for high signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio scenarios. The paper evaluates system performance under various fading, shadowing, and turbulence conditions. Besides, the effect of pointing error, the number of reflecting elements, and the charging time is also explored. Numerical examples and Monte Carlo simulations confirm that improving turbulence conditions and reducing shadowing enhance performance, while pointing errors degrade it. Channel impairments can be mitigated by increasing reflecting elements or charging time.

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引用次数: 0

Sum-rate maximization of SCMA in multi-gateway satellite communication with on-board processing

IF 2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102613

Yuan Gao , Yuming Zhang , Yanliang Jin , Da-Kui Wu , Wenrui Yang

Satellite communication is anticipated to play a crucial role in 6G networks by providing widespread coverage. Given the limited spectrum and the extensive connectivity requirements of satellite communication, Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) compared to orthogonal multiple access techniques such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), allows more users to be accommodated within the same frequency resources. Although SCMA is a promising access technology that has been extensively studied in terrestrial communication but has seen limited application in satellite systems, particularly in multi-gateway satellite communication systems. This is due to the more complex interference management required in multi-gateway satellite systems, which includes both intra-gateway and inter-gateway interference. This paper focuses on the sum-rate optimization of a multi-gateway satellite communication system utilizing SCMA, comparing it with OFDM and Power Domain Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (PD-NOMA) schemes. Specifically, we propose a phased optimization strategy that integrates SCMA with satellite on-board processing(OBP). Additionally, we examine the effect of imperfect Channel State Information at the Transmitter (CSIT) on the system’s sum-rate when gateways cannot acquire perfect CSIT. The simulation results demonstrate that the SCMA-based multi-gateway scheme can accommodate more users compared to OFDM but also achieves a higher system sum-rate compared to OFDM and PD-NOMA. These findings highlight the potential of SCMA in multi-gateway satellite communication systems. As the optimization variables are progressively refined, the system’s sum-rate improves, demonstrating the value of these variables, particularly when satellite OBP is utilized.

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引用次数: 0

An overview of multi-modal sensing systems and the potential of ISAC technologies in SHM 多模式传感系统概述及 ISAC 技术在 SHM 中的潜力

IF 2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102614

Zedong Zhu , Jie Yang , Chao-Kai Wen , Shuqiang Xia , Shi Jin

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is vital for ensuring the safety and durability of infrastructure. Conventional SHM systems, which rely on various sensors to track deformations and vibrations in steel and concrete structures, often face challenges such as complex installation and labor-intensive, time-consuming monitoring processes. Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technology offers a transformative solution by enabling dense sensing networks without the need for additional installations. In this paper, we classify current SHM systems into two key approaches to leverage ISAC: the image assessment method, which evaluates structural safety through scanning and imaging techniques, and the reference point assessment method, which monitors specific points within a structure to assess its overall health. We review recent advancements in both approaches, identify limitations in existing SHM systems, and examine how ISAC can address these challenges. Additionally, we propose future research directions to enhance the integration of ISAC into SHM, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize infrastructure safety monitoring.

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引用次数: 0

Tensor decomposition estimator applied to coherent targets in EMVS-MIMO radar

IF 2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102611

Zhiyu Yu , Qiulin Chen , Fangqing Wen , Zhengzhou Li

Electromagnetic vector sensor (EMVS) arrays in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar systems have gained substantial attention for their enhanced capabilities in target detection and localization over the past decade. However, conventional direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms exhibit significant limitations when processing coherent targets. In response to these challenges, this paper introduces a novel algorithm leveraging tensor decomposition to enhance DOA estimation accuracy within monostatic EMVS-MIMO radar systems. Initially, we employ a specific sequence to rearrange the original array output, thereby linking the source matrix with the spatial response of the transmitting or receiving array. This rearrangement effectively addresses the rank deficiency issue in the covariance matrix. Subsequently, the restructured model undergoes parallel factor (PARAFAC) decomposition to yield high-precision estimates of the factor matrices. Ultimately, 2D-DOA estimation is accomplished by applying the normalized vector cross product (NVCP) technique to the polarization response factor matrices. In contrast to existing algorithms for coherent targets estimation, the proposed method ensures no information loss, achieves superior angle estimation accuracy, and is applicable to arbitrary sensor geometries. Numerical simulations substantiate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.

{"title":"Tensor decomposition estimator applied to coherent targets in EMVS-MIMO radar","authors":"Zhiyu Yu , Qiulin Chen , Fangqing Wen , Zhengzhou Li","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electromagnetic vector sensor (EMVS) arrays in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar systems have gained substantial attention for their enhanced capabilities in target detection and localization over the past decade. However, conventional direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms exhibit significant limitations when processing coherent targets. In response to these challenges, this paper introduces a novel algorithm leveraging tensor decomposition to enhance DOA estimation accuracy within monostatic EMVS-MIMO radar systems. Initially, we employ a specific sequence to rearrange the original array output, thereby linking the source matrix with the spatial response of the transmitting or receiving array. This rearrangement effectively addresses the rank deficiency issue in the covariance matrix. Subsequently, the restructured model undergoes parallel factor (PARAFAC) decomposition to yield high-precision estimates of the factor matrices. Ultimately, 2D-DOA estimation is accomplished by applying the normalized vector cross product (NVCP) technique to the polarization response factor matrices. In contrast to existing algorithms for coherent targets estimation, the proposed method ensures no information loss, achieves superior angle estimation accuracy, and is applicable to arbitrary sensor geometries. Numerical simulations substantiate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102611"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mitigation red-shift effect in multi-color LEDs-based visible light communication with signal-dependent noise

IF 2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102601

Emin Tugcu

Visible light communication (VLC) has been proposed as a potential solution for future wireless communication networks to address the limited availability of the radio-frequency spectrum. A significant challenge with VLC is that the thermal parameters of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), particularly the junction temperature, are highly dependent on their operating conditions. This is because as the junction temperature increases, the power spectral densities of LEDs shift and broaden into the red region at different rates in the visible spectrum, known as the red-shift effect. Furthermore, signal-dependent noise, an inherent characteristic of the physical layer in VLC, and the red-shift effects can change the probability density function of the received signal. Additionally, fluctuations in signal intensity caused by signal-dependent noise result in errors during the signal detection process. For these reasons, the conventional maximum-likelihood (ML) receiver does not perform optimally. In this context, this study is the first to examine the red-shift effect in color-shift keying modulation-based VLC (VLC-CSK) systems in the presence of signal-dependent noise. This study proposes an optimal ML receiver that addresses both the red-shift effect and signal-dependent noise while maintaining satisfactory bit error rate (BER) performance. The proposed technique employs the received signal power of each color channel to correct the constellation diagram distorted by the red-shift effect prior to signal detection. Here, the Monte Carlo simulation results demonstrate that the red-shift effect and signal-dependent noise significantly impact the BER performance and lead to substantial degradation. Our proposed method enhances BER performance at high signal-to-noise ratios, offering considerable potential for designing efficient indoor VLC-CSK networks, and exhibits notable effectiveness in terms of computational complexity.

{"title":"Mitigation red-shift effect in multi-color LEDs-based visible light communication with signal-dependent noise","authors":"Emin Tugcu","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Visible light communication (VLC) has been proposed as a potential solution for future wireless communication networks to address the limited availability of the radio-frequency spectrum. A significant challenge with VLC is that the thermal parameters of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), particularly the junction temperature, are highly dependent on their operating conditions. This is because as the junction temperature increases, the power spectral densities of LEDs shift and broaden into the red region at different rates in the visible spectrum, known as the red-shift effect. Furthermore, signal-dependent noise, an inherent characteristic of the physical layer in VLC, and the red-shift effects can change the probability density function of the received signal. Additionally, fluctuations in signal intensity caused by signal-dependent noise result in errors during the signal detection process. For these reasons, the conventional maximum-likelihood (ML) receiver does not perform optimally. In this context, this study is the first to examine the red-shift effect in color-shift keying modulation-based VLC (VLC-CSK) systems in the presence of signal-dependent noise. This study proposes an optimal ML receiver that addresses both the red-shift effect and signal-dependent noise while maintaining satisfactory bit error rate (BER) performance. The proposed technique employs the received signal power of each color channel to correct the constellation diagram distorted by the red-shift effect prior to signal detection. Here, the Monte Carlo simulation results demonstrate that the red-shift effect and signal-dependent noise significantly impact the BER performance and lead to substantial degradation. Our proposed method enhances BER performance at high signal-to-noise ratios, offering considerable potential for designing efficient indoor VLC-CSK networks, and exhibits notable effectiveness in terms of computational complexity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leveraging location and RIS elements grouping for the broadband channel estimation of RIS-aided mmwave massive MIMO

IF 2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2024.102594

Tian Guo , Xuhui Zhang

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is regarded as a promising technology to control intelligently the wireless environment. However, accurate and low-overhead channel estimation (CE) is considered a crucial challenge due to the large dimension of passive elements for RIS. This paper investigates the broadband CE of RIS-aided millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication system and proposes an atomic norm minimization (ANM)-based CE solution. Specifically, we propose a signal transmission protocol based on between base station (BS)-user equipment (UE) direct channel and BS-RIS-UE cascaded channel and design the pilot signals based on the prior location information. We utilize RIS elements grouping method to decrease pilot overhead and employ RIS beam broadening to mitigate the impact of elements grouping on the degrees of beamforming freedom. In direct CE, the decoupled atomic norm minimization (DANM) algorithm is exploited to estimate the channel angle parameters as well as the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm is utilized to decline the algorithm complexity to satisfy the requirement of real-time signal processing. In cascaded CE, in order to improve the accuracy of CE, we obtain the channel angle parameters by employing an ANM problem with multiple measurement vectors (MMV). To theoretically evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we derived the performance limits of mean square error (MSE) by Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) analyses. Simulations results show that the proposed algorithm can succeed efficient CE under low-overhead circumstances.

{"title":"Leveraging location and RIS elements grouping for the broadband channel estimation of RIS-aided mmwave massive MIMO","authors":"Tian Guo , Xuhui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2024.102594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2024.102594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is regarded as a promising technology to control intelligently the wireless environment. However, accurate and low-overhead channel estimation (CE) is considered a crucial challenge due to the large dimension of passive elements for RIS. This paper investigates the broadband CE of RIS-aided millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication system and proposes an atomic norm minimization (ANM)-based CE solution. Specifically, we propose a signal transmission protocol based on between base station (BS)-user equipment (UE) direct channel and BS-RIS-UE cascaded channel and design the pilot signals based on the prior location information. We utilize RIS elements grouping method to decrease pilot overhead and employ RIS beam broadening to mitigate the impact of elements grouping on the degrees of beamforming freedom. In direct CE, the decoupled atomic norm minimization (DANM) algorithm is exploited to estimate the channel angle parameters as well as the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm is utilized to decline the algorithm complexity to satisfy the requirement of real-time signal processing. In cascaded CE, in order to improve the accuracy of CE, we obtain the channel angle parameters by employing an ANM problem with multiple measurement vectors (MMV). To theoretically evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we derived the performance limits of mean square error (MSE) by Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) analyses. Simulations results show that the proposed algorithm can succeed efficient CE under low-overhead circumstances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102594"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A fast security authentication scheme based on meta-learning under the changing channel environment

IF 2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102612

Yongli An , Haifei Bai , Zongrui Li , Zhanlin Ji

This paper presents a meta-learning-based scheme for secure authentication at the physical layer. The solution focuses on efficiently adapting neural network-based physical layer security authentication to new environments. It aims to minimize the need for extensive re-learning and human intervention in the process. Specifically, the meta-learning-based physical layer authentication scheme uses the inner and outer cycle of the meta-learning algorithm to find a common initialization between tasks. When applying identical parameters across various tasks and fine-tuning them, consistent good results indicate the model’s ability to extract common features across tasks. On this basis, this paper utilizes a convolutional neural network to collect channel state information (CSI) data from multiple historical environments to train the network. This enables feeding a small amount of CSI data into a network model trained in the historical environment of the new setting, quickly generating an authenticator suited to the new environment. To evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, this paper conducts experiments on real datasets. The results show that the scheme outperforms the transfer learning approach in both authentication accuracy and convergence. This highlights the economical and efficient nature of meta-learning-based physical layer authentication schemes.

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