Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.32604/mcb.2021.017984
S. Poovizhi, T. R. Ganesh Babu, R. Praveena
Skin is the largest organ and outer enclosure of the integumentary system that protects the human body from pathogens. Among various cancers in the world, skin cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancer which can be either melanoma or non-melanoma. Melanoma cancers are very fatal compared with non-melanoma cancers but the chances of survival rate are high when diagnosed and treated earlier. The main aim of this work is to analyze and investigate the performance of Non-Subsampled Bendlet Transform (NSBT) on various classifiers for detecting melanoma from dermoscopic images. NSBT is a multiscale and multidirectional transform based on second order shearlet system which precisely classifies the curvature over other directional representation systems. Here two-phase classification is employed using k-Nearest Neighbour (kNN), Naive Bayes (NB), Decision Trees (DT) and Support Vector Machines (SVM). The first phase classification is used to classify the images of PH2 database into normal and abnormal images and the second phase classification classifies the abnormal images into benign and malignant. Experimental result shows the improvement in classification accuracy, sensitivity and specificity compared with the state of art methods.
{"title":"Certain Investigations on Melanoma Detection Using Non-Subsampled Bendlet Transform with Different Classifiers","authors":"S. Poovizhi, T. R. Ganesh Babu, R. Praveena","doi":"10.32604/mcb.2021.017984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/mcb.2021.017984","url":null,"abstract":"Skin is the largest organ and outer enclosure of the integumentary system that protects the human body from pathogens. Among various cancers in the world, skin cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancer which can be either melanoma or non-melanoma. Melanoma cancers are very fatal compared with non-melanoma cancers but the chances of survival rate are high when diagnosed and treated earlier. The main aim of this work is to analyze and investigate the performance of Non-Subsampled Bendlet Transform (NSBT) on various classifiers for detecting melanoma from dermoscopic images. NSBT is a multiscale and multidirectional transform based on second order shearlet system which precisely classifies the curvature over other directional representation systems. Here two-phase classification is employed using k-Nearest Neighbour (kNN), Naive Bayes (NB), Decision Trees (DT) and Support Vector Machines (SVM). The first phase classification is used to classify the images of PH2 database into normal and abnormal images and the second phase classification classifies the abnormal images into benign and malignant. Experimental result shows the improvement in classification accuracy, sensitivity and specificity compared with the state of art methods.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90459289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.32604/mcb.2021.015596
S. Kiparoidze, N. Karumidze, E. Bakuradze, I. Modebadze, L. Rusishvili, D. Kordzaia, D. Dzidziguri
According to the literature, different mechanisms and kinetics proceeding of regenerative growth has been established using the basic models of liver regeneration (after resection or chemically induced). Hence, in order to determine general regularities of the adaptive-compensatory processes in various pathological conditions, the processes taking place in the cholestatic liver of adult white rats during the first four days after common bile duct ligation have been studied. It has been shown that in cholestatic liver, compensatory-adaptive processes take place with different kinetics compared to those after resection. In particular, in response to the increased functional load caused by destructive processes during cholestasis, the liver, at an early stage, responds by simple division of high ploidy (binuclear tetraploid) cells and further provides their quantitative increase. The difference between the processes taking place in cholestatic and resected liver is more expressed on the third and fourth day after common bile duct ligation. In particular, 4c cells are still highest in cholestatic liver, while all ploidy cells are present in equal numbers in the regenerated liver after resection. This fact of compensatory growth characteristic for reparative regeneration was not detected in cholestatic liver at the mentioned date.
{"title":"Study of Hepatocytes Polyploidization Peculiarities in Cholestatic Liver of Adult Rats","authors":"S. Kiparoidze, N. Karumidze, E. Bakuradze, I. Modebadze, L. Rusishvili, D. Kordzaia, D. Dzidziguri","doi":"10.32604/mcb.2021.015596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/mcb.2021.015596","url":null,"abstract":"According to the literature, different mechanisms and kinetics proceeding of regenerative growth has been established using the basic models of liver regeneration (after resection or chemically induced). Hence, in order to determine general regularities of the adaptive-compensatory processes in various pathological conditions, the processes taking place in the cholestatic liver of adult white rats during the first four days after common bile duct ligation have been studied. It has been shown that in cholestatic liver, compensatory-adaptive processes take place with different kinetics compared to those after resection. In particular, in response to the increased functional load caused by destructive processes during cholestasis, the liver, at an early stage, responds by simple division of high ploidy (binuclear tetraploid) cells and further provides their quantitative increase. The difference between the processes taking place in cholestatic and resected liver is more expressed on the third and fourth day after common bile duct ligation. In particular, 4c cells are still highest in cholestatic liver, while all ploidy cells are present in equal numbers in the regenerated liver after resection. This fact of compensatory growth characteristic for reparative regeneration was not detected in cholestatic liver at the mentioned date.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79238112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.32604/mcb.2021.017050
Wei Jiang, Gang He
Tennis service is an important part of winning a match. This study analyzed the mechanics of tennis serving speed and divided ten tennis players into two groups. One group carried out conventional training, while the other group carried out auxiliary training on shoulders through elastic band besides conventional training. The actions were photographed by cameras and analyzed. The results showed that the throwing height and hitting point height of the two groups improved after the experiment, and p < 0.05 in the comparison between Groups A and B; the ball deflection angle reduced after throwing, but the improvement of Group B was more significant compared to Group A (p < 0.05); the service speed and success rate also significantly improved in Group B, i. e., the performance of Group B was better (p < 0.05). The results show that shoulder training plays a positive role in improving the service speed and the video analysis method is reliable in training, which is conducive to improving the training efficiency.
{"title":"Study on the Effect of Shoulder Training on the Mechanics of Tennis Serve Speed through Video Analysis","authors":"Wei Jiang, Gang He","doi":"10.32604/mcb.2021.017050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/mcb.2021.017050","url":null,"abstract":"Tennis service is an important part of winning a match. This study analyzed the mechanics of tennis serving speed and divided ten tennis players into two groups. One group carried out conventional training, while the other group carried out auxiliary training on shoulders through elastic band besides conventional training. The actions were photographed by cameras and analyzed. The results showed that the throwing height and hitting point height of the two groups improved after the experiment, and p < 0.05 in the comparison between Groups A and B; the ball deflection angle reduced after throwing, but the improvement of Group B was more significant compared to Group A (p < 0.05); the service speed and success rate also significantly improved in Group B, i. e., the performance of Group B was better (p < 0.05). The results show that shoulder training plays a positive role in improving the service speed and the video analysis method is reliable in training, which is conducive to improving the training efficiency.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90384625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.32604/MCB.2021.015136
M. Rad, Sadra Mohaghegh, Farnaz Kouhestani, S. Motamedian
This article is a scoping review of the studies that assessed the effect of mechanical forces on the behavior of dental stem cells (DSCs). PubMed and Scopus searches were done for in-vitro studies evaluating the effect of tension, hydrostatic pressure (i.e., the pressure applied through an incompressible fluid), compression, simulated microgravity, and vibration on DSCs. The following factors were analyzed: osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation, proliferation, adhesion and migration. Articles were reviewed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guideline. Included studies were evaluated based on the modified Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). A total of 18 studies published from 2008–2019 were included. Nine studies were focusing on Periodontal ligament Stem Cells (PDLSCs), eight studies on Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) and one study on Stem Cells from Apical Papilla (SCAP). Results showed that tension, three-dimensional stress and simulated microgravity promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. DPSCs proliferation increased after microgravity and tension exertion. In addition, dynamic hydrostatic pressure and compression promoted odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Besides, mechanical stimuli increased the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs. One study analyzed the effect of carrier features on the response of DSCs to 3D-stress and showed that cells cultivated on scaffolds with 30% bioactive glass (BAG) had the highest osteogenic differentiation compared to other ratios of BAG. It has been shown that increasing the duration of tension (i.e., from 3 h to 24 h force application) enhanced the positive effect of force application on the osteogenic differentiation of DSCs. In conclusion, all types of mechanical forces except uniaxial tension increased the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of DSCs. In addition, the effect of mechanical stimulation on the proliferation of DSCs differs based on the type of stem cells and mechanical force.
{"title":"Effect of Mechanical Forces on the Behavior of Dental Stem Cells: A Scoping Review of In-Vitro Studies","authors":"M. Rad, Sadra Mohaghegh, Farnaz Kouhestani, S. Motamedian","doi":"10.32604/MCB.2021.015136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/MCB.2021.015136","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a scoping review of the studies that assessed the effect of mechanical forces on the behavior of dental stem cells (DSCs). PubMed and Scopus searches were done for in-vitro studies evaluating the effect of tension, hydrostatic pressure (i.e., the pressure applied through an incompressible fluid), compression, simulated microgravity, and vibration on DSCs. The following factors were analyzed: osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation, proliferation, adhesion and migration. Articles were reviewed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guideline. Included studies were evaluated based on the modified Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). A total of 18 studies published from 2008–2019 were included. Nine studies were focusing on Periodontal ligament Stem Cells (PDLSCs), eight studies on Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) and one study on Stem Cells from Apical Papilla (SCAP). Results showed that tension, three-dimensional stress and simulated microgravity promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. DPSCs proliferation increased after microgravity and tension exertion. In addition, dynamic hydrostatic pressure and compression promoted odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Besides, mechanical stimuli increased the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs. One study analyzed the effect of carrier features on the response of DSCs to 3D-stress and showed that cells cultivated on scaffolds with 30% bioactive glass (BAG) had the highest osteogenic differentiation compared to other ratios of BAG. It has been shown that increasing the duration of tension (i.e., from 3 h to 24 h force application) enhanced the positive effect of force application on the osteogenic differentiation of DSCs. In conclusion, all types of mechanical forces except uniaxial tension increased the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of DSCs. In addition, the effect of mechanical stimulation on the proliferation of DSCs differs based on the type of stem cells and mechanical force.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80085579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.32604/mcb.2021.015993
Jianming Lu, Liangliang Xiang, Huw Wiltshire
Surface topography is a no-invasive, radiation-free method that can measure sufficient surface spine parameters by the structured back surface scan and a precise anatomical landmarks recognition. The purpose of the present study was to measure the spine shape parameter changes within the day via the DIERS Formetric 4D analysis system. Ten male healthy volunteers were recruited to participate in the experiment. All participants were sedentary people with the average sitting time during study or work t ≥ 8 h and without any back disease in the past six months. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, which set time points within the day as variable and shape results as the dependent variable. The significant difference could be found for the trunk length VP-DM with a one-way ANOVA test of p = 0.011. There was a significant difference (p = 0.024) between time slots of 9 am and 7 pm with 95%CI (–15.83, –1.01) and MD –8.42. No significant difference statistically for the scoliosis angle and the p-value of the one-way ANOVA test is 0.715. There was no significant difference for trunk inclination VP-DM with a one-way ANOVA test of p = 0.284. Statistical analysis depicted no significant difference for the trunk imbalance VP-DM with a one-way ANOVA test of p = 0.730. Trunk length VP-DM was significantly decreased in the afternoon and evening. This may be a potential back pain risk for sedentary individuals. Regular physical activity and mild to moderate exercise are recommended to improve spinal stability and maintain spinal shape.
{"title":"Surface Topography Assessments of Spine Shape Change within the Day in Healthy Male Adults","authors":"Jianming Lu, Liangliang Xiang, Huw Wiltshire","doi":"10.32604/mcb.2021.015993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/mcb.2021.015993","url":null,"abstract":"Surface topography is a no-invasive, radiation-free method that can measure sufficient surface spine parameters by the structured back surface scan and a precise anatomical landmarks recognition. The purpose of the present study was to measure the spine shape parameter changes within the day via the DIERS Formetric 4D analysis system. Ten male healthy volunteers were recruited to participate in the experiment. All participants were sedentary people with the average sitting time during study or work t ≥ 8 h and without any back disease in the past six months. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, which set time points within the day as variable and shape results as the dependent variable. The significant difference could be found for the trunk length VP-DM with a one-way ANOVA test of p = 0.011. There was a significant difference (p = 0.024) between time slots of 9 am and 7 pm with 95%CI (–15.83, –1.01) and MD –8.42. No significant difference statistically for the scoliosis angle and the p-value of the one-way ANOVA test is 0.715. There was no significant difference for trunk inclination VP-DM with a one-way ANOVA test of p = 0.284. Statistical analysis depicted no significant difference for the trunk imbalance VP-DM with a one-way ANOVA test of p = 0.730. Trunk length VP-DM was significantly decreased in the afternoon and evening. This may be a potential back pain risk for sedentary individuals. Regular physical activity and mild to moderate exercise are recommended to improve spinal stability and maintain spinal shape.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86531156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The world-wide impact of traumatic injury and associated hemorrhage on human health and well-being is significant. Methods to manage bleeding from sites within the torso, referred to as non-compressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH), remain largely limited to the use of conventional operative techniques. The overall mortality rate of patients with NCTH is approximately 50%. Studies from the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq have suggested that up to 80% of potentially survivable patients die as a result of uncontrolled exsanguinating hemorrhage. The commercially available resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a percutaneous device for the rapid control of torso hemorrhage in trauma. A compliant balloon is inserted via the femoral artery and inflated in the thoracic or abdominal aorta, providing inflow control of the abdomen, pelvis, or groin/lower extremities. Recent studies indicate that REBOA carries an inherent risk of aortic injury due to over-inflation and possible risk of aortic or iliac artery rupture. A new approach is to resolve the issue of balloon sizing and over-inflation. We propose a novel concept to be used in trauma facility for arterial occlusion to eliminate arterial injury and the risk of vascular rupture through real time balloon diameter profile measurements to ensure proper inflation. The proposed concept, called Smart Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion (SREBO) will be novel in the following aspects: 1) It will have electrical conductance-based navigation technology to target the desired site of balloon deployment in the aorta, 2) The balloon can determine the time of proper inflation using electrical conductance catheter technology. This technology would eliminate the risk of arterial rupture and simplify the procedure in the trauma facility or medical clinics without significant training. The results can be displayed on a handheld device. This novel device has the potential to save civilians in trauma or soldiers injured on the battlefield.
{"title":"New Concept in Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA)","authors":"A. E. Dabiri, Matthew D. Martin, G. Kassab","doi":"10.32604/mcb.2019.07310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/mcb.2019.07310","url":null,"abstract":": The world-wide impact of traumatic injury and associated hemorrhage on human health and well-being is significant. Methods to manage bleeding from sites within the torso, referred to as non-compressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH), remain largely limited to the use of conventional operative techniques. The overall mortality rate of patients with NCTH is approximately 50%. Studies from the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq have suggested that up to 80% of potentially survivable patients die as a result of uncontrolled exsanguinating hemorrhage. The commercially available resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a percutaneous device for the rapid control of torso hemorrhage in trauma. A compliant balloon is inserted via the femoral artery and inflated in the thoracic or abdominal aorta, providing inflow control of the abdomen, pelvis, or groin/lower extremities. Recent studies indicate that REBOA carries an inherent risk of aortic injury due to over-inflation and possible risk of aortic or iliac artery rupture. A new approach is to resolve the issue of balloon sizing and over-inflation. We propose a novel concept to be used in trauma facility for arterial occlusion to eliminate arterial injury and the risk of vascular rupture through real time balloon diameter profile measurements to ensure proper inflation. The proposed concept, called Smart Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion (SREBO) will be novel in the following aspects: 1) It will have electrical conductance-based navigation technology to target the desired site of balloon deployment in the aorta, 2) The balloon can determine the time of proper inflation using electrical conductance catheter technology. This technology would eliminate the risk of arterial rupture and simplify the procedure in the trauma facility or medical clinics without significant training. The results can be displayed on a handheld device. This novel device has the potential to save civilians in trauma or soldiers injured on the battlefield.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"8 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86652076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.32604/mcb.2020.011236
Xin Wang
In order to improve the level of athletes, modern scientific and technological means can be used to understand the characteristics and rules of movement. This study mainly analyzed the whip leg technique of Sanda athletes. Taking ten athletes as an example, the kinematics and surface electromyography (sEMG) data of them were measured, calculated and sorted out when they were doing the action of round kick. The results showed that the movement completion time of the first-level athletes was shorter, 0.34 ± 0.33 s. In the stage of turning hip and hitting, the angle of hip joint increased significantly. In the stage of turning hip, there was a significant difference in the angle of hip joint between different levels of athletes (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in other kinematics characteristics. In the aspect of sEMG, the duration of muscle discharge of the first-level athletes was shorter, but there was no significant difference in integrated electromyogram (IEMG) and root mean square (RMS). The experimental results reveal the importance of hip joint in the course of round kick and provide some theoretical bases for improving the level of athletes and carrying out targeted training.
{"title":"The Kinematics and Surface Electromyography Characteristics of Round Kick of Martial Arts Athletes","authors":"Xin Wang","doi":"10.32604/mcb.2020.011236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/mcb.2020.011236","url":null,"abstract":"In order to improve the level of athletes, modern scientific and technological means can be used to understand the characteristics and rules of movement. This study mainly analyzed the whip leg technique of Sanda athletes. Taking ten athletes as an example, the kinematics and surface electromyography (sEMG) data of them were measured, calculated and sorted out when they were doing the action of round kick. The results showed that the movement completion time of the first-level athletes was shorter, 0.34 ± 0.33 s. In the stage of turning hip and hitting, the angle of hip joint increased significantly. In the stage of turning hip, there was a significant difference in the angle of hip joint between different levels of athletes (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in other kinematics characteristics. In the aspect of sEMG, the duration of muscle discharge of the first-level athletes was shorter, but there was no significant difference in integrated electromyogram (IEMG) and root mean square (RMS). The experimental results reveal the importance of hip joint in the course of round kick and provide some theoretical bases for improving the level of athletes and carrying out targeted training.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73670971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Thi, Q. Le, V. Stoldt, N. Tran, Anh T. K. Le, Khon Huynh
: Fibrillar fi bronectin (FFN) is a biological active form of FN which form linear and branched meshwork around cells and support cellular activities. Previous studies have demonstrated that shear stress can induce cell-free FN fi brillogenesis. In this study, we further examined the effect of shear stress conditions on morphology of formed FFN and preliminarily looked for relationship between FFN ’ s morphology and cell adhesion. Plasma FN at 50 µg/ml was perfused through channel slides at shear rates of 500 s -1 or 4000 s -1 . Our results showed that there were four FFN structures formed: (1) FN nodules, (2) fi bril in different sizes (3) with or without nodule attachment, and (4) fi brillar matrix. At 4000 s -1 , FFN fi brils was formed within the fi rst 10 min and reached the highest surface coverage only after 20 min. In contrast, FFN formation was signi fi cant more slowly at 500 s -1 at which only FN nodules and small fi brils were formed. Platelets bound on thin layer of FN and rarely found on large FN fi brils. In contrast, fi broblast stretched their shape on platform of FFN matrix and bound actively to all types of FFNs. Taken together, our data suggests a morphological dependent biological activity of FFN. adhesion assays were performed on FFN with diverse morphologies. Our microscopic analysis
纤维连接蛋白(fibrar fi bronectin, FFN)是一种生物活性形式的纤维连接蛋白，在细胞周围形成线状和支状网络，支持细胞活动。先前的研究表明，剪切应力可以诱导无细胞FN纤维的发生。在本研究中，我们进一步考察了剪切应力条件对形成的FFN形态的影响，并初步寻找FFN形态与细胞粘附的关系。50µg/ml的血浆FN以500 s -1或4000 s -1的剪切速率通过通道载玻片灌注。我们的研究结果表明，形成了四种FFN结构:(1)FN结节，(2)不同大小的纤维brir，(3)有或没有结节附着，(4)纤维brir矩阵。在4000 s -1时，FFN在前10 min内形成，20 min后表面覆盖率达到最高。相比之下，在500 s -1时，FFN的形成明显缓慢，只形成FN结节和小纤维。血小板结合在纤薄层上，很少在大纤薄层上发现。而纤维母细胞则在FFN基质的平台上伸展其形态，并主动与各种类型的FFN结合。综上所述，我们的数据表明FFN的生物活性依赖于形态。对不同形态的FFN进行粘附试验。我们的显微分析
{"title":"Morphologies of Fibronectin Fibrils Formed under Shear Conditions and Their\u0000Cellular Adhesiveness Properties","authors":"P. Thi, Q. Le, V. Stoldt, N. Tran, Anh T. K. Le, Khon Huynh","doi":"10.32604/mcb.2020.09643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/mcb.2020.09643","url":null,"abstract":": Fibrillar fi bronectin (FFN) is a biological active form of FN which form linear and branched meshwork around cells and support cellular activities. Previous studies have demonstrated that shear stress can induce cell-free FN fi brillogenesis. In this study, we further examined the effect of shear stress conditions on morphology of formed FFN and preliminarily looked for relationship between FFN ’ s morphology and cell adhesion. Plasma FN at 50 µg/ml was perfused through channel slides at shear rates of 500 s -1 or 4000 s -1 . Our results showed that there were four FFN structures formed: (1) FN nodules, (2) fi bril in different sizes (3) with or without nodule attachment, and (4) fi brillar matrix. At 4000 s -1 , FFN fi brils was formed within the fi rst 10 min and reached the highest surface coverage only after 20 min. In contrast, FFN formation was signi fi cant more slowly at 500 s -1 at which only FN nodules and small fi brils were formed. Platelets bound on thin layer of FN and rarely found on large FN fi brils. In contrast, fi broblast stretched their shape on platform of FFN matrix and bound actively to all types of FFNs. Taken together, our data suggests a morphological dependent biological activity of FFN. adhesion assays were performed on FFN with diverse morphologies. Our microscopic analysis","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85129584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: In order to predict and evaluate injury mechanism and biomechanical response of the facial impact on head injury in a crash accident. With the combined modern medical imaging technologies, namely computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), both geometric and finite element (FE) models for human head-neck with detailed cranio-facial structure were developed. The cadaveric head impact tests were conducted to validate the head-neck finite element model. The intracranial pressure, skull dynamic response and skull-brain relative displacement of the whole head-neck model were compared with experimental data. Nine typical cases of facial traffic accidents were simulated, with the individual stress wave propagation paths to the intracranial contents through the facial and cranial skeleton being discussed thoroughly. Intracranial pressure, von Mises stress and shear stress distribution were achieved. It is proved that facial structure dissipates a large amount of impact energy to protect the brain in its most natural way. The propagation path and distribution of stress wave in the skull and brain determine the mechanism of brain impact injury, which provides a theoretic basis for the diagnosis, treatment and protection of craniocerebral injury caused by facial impact.
{"title":"A Study on the Finite Element Model for Head Injury in Facial Collision Accident","authors":"Bin Yang, Hao Sun, Aiyuan Wang, Qun Wang","doi":"10.32604/mcb.2019.07534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/mcb.2019.07534","url":null,"abstract":": In order to predict and evaluate injury mechanism and biomechanical response of the facial impact on head injury in a crash accident. With the combined modern medical imaging technologies, namely computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), both geometric and finite element (FE) models for human head-neck with detailed cranio-facial structure were developed. The cadaveric head impact tests were conducted to validate the head-neck finite element model. The intracranial pressure, skull dynamic response and skull-brain relative displacement of the whole head-neck model were compared with experimental data. Nine typical cases of facial traffic accidents were simulated, with the individual stress wave propagation paths to the intracranial contents through the facial and cranial skeleton being discussed thoroughly. Intracranial pressure, von Mises stress and shear stress distribution were achieved. It is proved that facial structure dissipates a large amount of impact energy to protect the brain in its most natural way. The propagation path and distribution of stress wave in the skull and brain determine the mechanism of brain impact injury, which provides a theoretic basis for the diagnosis, treatment and protection of craniocerebral injury caused by facial impact.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79926898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Motion artifacts of in vivo imaging, due to rapid respiration rate and respiration displacements of the mice while free-breathing, is a major challenge in micro computed tomography(micro-CT). The respiratory gating is often served for either projective images acquisition or per projection qualification, so as to eliminate the artifacts brought by in vivo motion. In this paper, we propose a novel respiratory gating method, which firstly divides one rotation cycle into a number of segments, and extracts the respiratory signal from the projective image series of current segment by the value of the epipolar consistency conditions (ECC), then in terms of the measured average respiratory period, sets next segment’s start-up time and rotation speed of the gantry for respiratory phase synchronization, and so on so forth. The gating procedure is through the whole projections of three cycles, only one among three projections at each angle is qualified by their phase value and is retained for future use for tomographic image reconstruction. In practical experiment, the ECC based gating method and the conventional hardware gating method are employed on micro CT imaging of C57BL/6 mice respectively. The result shows that, compared with the hardware based one, the proposed method not only achieve much better consistency in the projection images, but also suppresses the streak artifacts more effectively on the different parts like the breast, abdomen and head of in vivo mice.
{"title":"A Retrospective Respiratory Gating System Based on Epipolar Consistency Conditions","authors":"Maosen Lian, Yi Li, Xiaohui Gu, Shouhua Luo","doi":"10.32604/mcb.2019.07383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/mcb.2019.07383","url":null,"abstract":": Motion artifacts of in vivo imaging, due to rapid respiration rate and respiration displacements of the mice while free-breathing, is a major challenge in micro computed tomography(micro-CT). The respiratory gating is often served for either projective images acquisition or per projection qualification, so as to eliminate the artifacts brought by in vivo motion. In this paper, we propose a novel respiratory gating method, which firstly divides one rotation cycle into a number of segments, and extracts the respiratory signal from the projective image series of current segment by the value of the epipolar consistency conditions (ECC), then in terms of the measured average respiratory period, sets next segment’s start-up time and rotation speed of the gantry for respiratory phase synchronization, and so on so forth. The gating procedure is through the whole projections of three cycles, only one among three projections at each angle is qualified by their phase value and is retained for future use for tomographic image reconstruction. In practical experiment, the ECC based gating method and the conventional hardware gating method are employed on micro CT imaging of C57BL/6 mice respectively. The result shows that, compared with the hardware based one, the proposed method not only achieve much better consistency in the projection images, but also suppresses the streak artifacts more effectively on the different parts like the breast, abdomen and head of in vivo mice.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75432346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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