: Kinematic and dynamic characteristics of pulsating flow in a model of human aortic arch are obtained by a computational analysis. Three-dimensional flow processes are summarized by pressure distributions on the symmetric plane together with velocity and pressure contours on a few cross sections for systolic acceleration and deceleration. Without considering the effects of aortic tapering and the carotid arteries, the development of tubular boundary layer with centrifugal forces and pulsation are also analyzed for flow separation and backflow during systolic deceleration.
{"title":"Kinematic and Dynamic Characteristics of Pulsating Flow in 180�Tube","authors":"T. Hung, Ruei-Hung Kuo, C. Chiang","doi":"10.32604/mcb.2019.07854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/mcb.2019.07854","url":null,"abstract":": Kinematic and dynamic characteristics of pulsating flow in a model of human aortic arch are obtained by a computational analysis. Three-dimensional flow processes are summarized by pressure distributions on the symmetric plane together with velocity and pressure contours on a few cross sections for systolic acceleration and deceleration. Without considering the effects of aortic tapering and the carotid arteries, the development of tubular boundary layer with centrifugal forces and pulsation are also analyzed for flow separation and backflow during systolic deceleration.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79186117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Existing model registration of individual bones does not have a high certainly of success due to the lack of anatomic semantic. In light of the surface anatomy and functional structure of bones, we hypothesized individual femur models would be aligned through feature points both in geometrical level and in anatomic level, and proposed a hierarchical approach for the rigid registration (HRR) of point cloud models of femur with high resolution. Firstly, a coarse registration between two simplified point cloud models was implemented based on the extraction of geometric feature points (GFPs); and then, according to the anatomic feature points (AFPs) in two level namely shape features and structure features, the fine weight-based registration was performed to achieve anatomical alignment; finally, the origin source model was automatically transformed by applying the obtained coarse matrix and fine one in sequence. Experimental results show that the hierarchical registration method can rapidly and accurately register point clouds of individual femurs, and achieves the medical semantic alignment, and provides a basic tool for the understanding and comparison of femur anatomy and structure.
{"title":"Hierarchical Rigid Registration of Femur Surface Model Based on Anatomical\u0000Features","authors":"Xiaozhong Chen","doi":"10.32604/mcb.2020.08933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/mcb.2020.08933","url":null,"abstract":"Existing model registration of individual bones does not have a high certainly of success due to the lack of anatomic semantic. In light of the surface anatomy and functional structure of bones, we hypothesized individual femur models would be aligned through feature points both in geometrical level and in anatomic level, and proposed a hierarchical approach for the rigid registration (HRR) of point cloud models of femur with high resolution. Firstly, a coarse registration between two simplified point cloud models was implemented based on the extraction of geometric feature points (GFPs); and then, according to the anatomic feature points (AFPs) in two level namely shape features and structure features, the fine weight-based registration was performed to achieve anatomical alignment; finally, the origin source model was automatically transformed by applying the obtained coarse matrix and fine one in sequence. Experimental results show that the hierarchical registration method can rapidly and accurately register point clouds of individual femurs, and achieves the medical semantic alignment, and provides a basic tool for the understanding and comparison of femur anatomy and structure.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78465455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.32604/mcb.2020.010805
M. Hou, Wei-yu Kevin Chiang, Weiqiang Hong, Mao-Yun Yang, W. Yu
To achieve the image registration/fusion and perfect the quality of the integration, with dual modality contrast agent (DMCA), a novel multi-scale representation registration method between ultrasound imaging (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is presented in the paper, and how DMCA influence on registration accuracy is chiefly discussed. Owing to US’s intense speckle noise, it is a tremendous challenge to register US with any other modality images. How to improve the algorithms for US processing has become the bottleneck, and in the short term it is difficult to have a breakthrough. In that case, DMCA is employed in both US and MRI to enhance the region of interest. Then, because multi-scale representation is a strategy that attempts to diminish or eliminate several possible local minima and lead to convex optimization problems to be solved quickly and more efficiently, a multi-scale representation Gaussian pyramid based affine registration (MRGP-AR) scheme is constructed to complete the US-MRI registration process. In view of the above-mentioned method, the comparison tests indicate that US-MRI registration/fusion may be a remarkable method for gaining high-quality registration image. The experiments also show that it is feasible that novel nano-materials combined with excellent algorithm are used to solve some hard tasks in medical image processing field.
{"title":"Application of Dual Modality Contrast Agent Combined with Multi-Scale Representation in Ultrasound-Magnetic Resonance Imaging Registration Scheme","authors":"M. Hou, Wei-yu Kevin Chiang, Weiqiang Hong, Mao-Yun Yang, W. Yu","doi":"10.32604/mcb.2020.010805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/mcb.2020.010805","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve the image registration/fusion and perfect the quality of the integration, with dual modality contrast agent (DMCA), a novel multi-scale representation registration method between ultrasound imaging (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is presented in the paper, and how DMCA influence on registration accuracy is chiefly discussed. Owing to US’s intense speckle noise, it is a tremendous challenge to register US with any other modality images. How to improve the algorithms for US processing has become the bottleneck, and in the short term it is difficult to have a breakthrough. In that case, DMCA is employed in both US and MRI to enhance the region of interest. Then, because multi-scale representation is a strategy that attempts to diminish or eliminate several possible local minima and lead to convex optimization problems to be solved quickly and more efficiently, a multi-scale representation Gaussian pyramid based affine registration (MRGP-AR) scheme is constructed to complete the US-MRI registration process. In view of the above-mentioned method, the comparison tests indicate that US-MRI registration/fusion may be a remarkable method for gaining high-quality registration image. The experiments also show that it is feasible that novel nano-materials combined with excellent algorithm are used to solve some hard tasks in medical image processing field.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84402214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men beyond 50 years old, and ranked the second in mortality. The level of Prostate-speci fi c antigen (PSA) in serum has been a routine biomarker for clinical assessment of the cancer development, which is detected mostly by antibody-based immunoassays. The proteolytic activity of PSA also has important functions. Here a genetically encoded biosensor based on fl uorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) tech-nology was developed to measure PSA activity. In vitro assay showed that the biosensor containing a substrate peptide ‘ RLSSYYSGAG ’ had 400% FRET change in response to 1 µg/ml PSA within 90 min, and could detect PSA activity at 25 ng/ml. PSA didn ’ t show enzymatic activity toward the biosensor in serum solution, likely re fl ecting the existence of other inhibitory factors besides Zn 2+ . By expressing the biosensor on cell plasma membrane, the FRET responses were signi fi cant, but couldn ’ t distinguish well the cultured prostate cancer cells from non-prostate cancer cells under microscopy imaging, indicating insuf fi cient speci- fi city to PSA. The biosensor with the previously known ‘ HSSKLQ ’ substrate showed little response to PSA in solution. In summary, we developed a genetically encoded FRET biosensor to detect PSA activity, which may serve as a useful tool for relevant applications, such as screening PSA activation substrates or inhi-bitors; the puri fi ed biosensor protein can also be an alternative choice for measur-ing PSA activity besides currently commercialized Mu-HSSKLQ-AMC substrate from chemical synthesis.
{"title":"Genetically Encoded FRET Biosensor Detects the Enzymatic Activity of\u0000Prostate-Specific Antigen","authors":"Hui Yao, Liqun Wang, Jia Guo, Weimin Liu, Jingjing Li, Yingxiao Wang, Linhong Deng, Mingxing Ouyang","doi":"10.32604/mcb.2020.09595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/mcb.2020.09595","url":null,"abstract":": Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men beyond 50 years old, and ranked the second in mortality. The level of Prostate-speci fi c antigen (PSA) in serum has been a routine biomarker for clinical assessment of the cancer development, which is detected mostly by antibody-based immunoassays. The proteolytic activity of PSA also has important functions. Here a genetically encoded biosensor based on fl uorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) tech-nology was developed to measure PSA activity. In vitro assay showed that the biosensor containing a substrate peptide ‘ RLSSYYSGAG ’ had 400% FRET change in response to 1 µg/ml PSA within 90 min, and could detect PSA activity at 25 ng/ml. PSA didn ’ t show enzymatic activity toward the biosensor in serum solution, likely re fl ecting the existence of other inhibitory factors besides Zn 2+ . By expressing the biosensor on cell plasma membrane, the FRET responses were signi fi cant, but couldn ’ t distinguish well the cultured prostate cancer cells from non-prostate cancer cells under microscopy imaging, indicating insuf fi cient speci- fi city to PSA. The biosensor with the previously known ‘ HSSKLQ ’ substrate showed little response to PSA in solution. In summary, we developed a genetically encoded FRET biosensor to detect PSA activity, which may serve as a useful tool for relevant applications, such as screening PSA activation substrates or inhi-bitors; the puri fi ed biosensor protein can also be an alternative choice for measur-ing PSA activity besides currently commercialized Mu-HSSKLQ-AMC substrate from chemical synthesis.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79822379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Early diagnosis of stroke with timely treatment could reduce adult permanent disability significantly [1]. Conventional medical imaging tools such as X-ray, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have been widely used for diagnosis of brain disease. However, each of these methods has some limitations. X-ray imaging produces harmful radiation to the human body and challenging to identify early-stage abnormal tissue due to the relatively small dielectric proprieties contrast between the healthy tissue and abnormal tissue at X-ray frequencies [2]. PET provides useful information about soft tissues, but it is expensive and produces poor resolution. CT and MRI are unsuitable for continuously monitoring strokes due to produce harmful radiations (CT), expensive (MRI), time-consuming and not easy to develop a portable system [3,4]. Therefore, develop a new screening method is urgently needed to improve the effectiveness of disease detection. Microwave imaging is a relatively new non-invasive and cost-effective method for imaging of breast and brain tissues, which has continuously attracted many researchers’ interests the past two The authors previously developed a holographic microwave imaging (HMI) method for dielectric object detection with a particular focus on brain stroke This paper investigates the feasibility of multifrequency HMI for brain stroke detection. A numerical system was developed to demonstrate the proposed theory. Various experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Results of experiments carried out using multifrequency HMI have been compared with the results obtained by using single frequency HMI. Results showed that multifrequency HMI could detect strokes and provide more accurate results of size and location than the single frequency HMI algorithm.
{"title":"Multifrequency Microwave Imaging for Brain Stroke Detection","authors":"Lulu Wang","doi":"10.32604/mcb.2019.07101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/mcb.2019.07101","url":null,"abstract":": Early diagnosis of stroke with timely treatment could reduce adult permanent disability significantly [1]. Conventional medical imaging tools such as X-ray, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have been widely used for diagnosis of brain disease. However, each of these methods has some limitations. X-ray imaging produces harmful radiation to the human body and challenging to identify early-stage abnormal tissue due to the relatively small dielectric proprieties contrast between the healthy tissue and abnormal tissue at X-ray frequencies [2]. PET provides useful information about soft tissues, but it is expensive and produces poor resolution. CT and MRI are unsuitable for continuously monitoring strokes due to produce harmful radiations (CT), expensive (MRI), time-consuming and not easy to develop a portable system [3,4]. Therefore, develop a new screening method is urgently needed to improve the effectiveness of disease detection. Microwave imaging is a relatively new non-invasive and cost-effective method for imaging of breast and brain tissues, which has continuously attracted many researchers’ interests the past two The authors previously developed a holographic microwave imaging (HMI) method for dielectric object detection with a particular focus on brain stroke This paper investigates the feasibility of multifrequency HMI for brain stroke detection. A numerical system was developed to demonstrate the proposed theory. Various experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Results of experiments carried out using multifrequency HMI have been compared with the results obtained by using single frequency HMI. Results showed that multifrequency HMI could detect strokes and provide more accurate results of size and location than the single frequency HMI algorithm.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77991862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Micro-CT provides a high-resolution 3D imaging of micro-architecture in a non-invasive way, which becomes a significant tool in biomedical research and preclinical applications. Due to the limited power of micro-focus X-ray tube, photon starving occurs and noise is inevitable for the projection images, resulting in the degradation of spatial resolution, contrast and image details. In this paper, we propose a C-GAN (Conditional Generative Adversarial Nets) denoising algorithm in projection domain for Micro-CT imaging. The noise statistic property is utilized directly and a novel variance loss is developed to suppress the blurry effects during denoising procedure. Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (C-GAN) is employed as a framework to implement the denoising task. To guarantee the pixelwised accuracy, fully convolutional network is served as the generator structure. During the alternative training of the generator and the discriminator, the network is able to learn noise distribution automatically. Moreover, residual learning and skip connection architecture are applied for faster network training and further feature fusion. To evaluate the denoising performance, mouse lung, milkvetch root and bamboo stick are imaged by micro-CT in the experiments. Compared with BM3D, CNN-MSE and CNN-VGG, the proposed method can suppress noise effectively and recover image details without introducing any artifacts or blurry effect. The result proves that our method is feasible, efficient and practical.
{"title":"A C-GAN denoising algorithm in Projection Domain for Micro-CT","authors":"Lujie Chen, Liang Zheng, Maosen Lian, Shouhua Luo","doi":"10.32604/mcb.2019.07386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/mcb.2019.07386","url":null,"abstract":"Micro-CT provides a high-resolution 3D imaging of micro-architecture in a non-invasive way, which becomes a significant tool in biomedical research and preclinical applications. Due to the limited power of micro-focus X-ray tube, photon starving occurs and noise is inevitable for the projection images, resulting in the degradation of spatial resolution, contrast and image details. In this paper, we propose a C-GAN (Conditional Generative Adversarial Nets) denoising algorithm in projection domain for Micro-CT imaging. The noise statistic property is utilized directly and a novel variance loss is developed to suppress the blurry effects during denoising procedure. Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (C-GAN) is employed as a framework to implement the denoising task. To guarantee the pixelwised accuracy, fully convolutional network is served as the generator structure. During the alternative training of the generator and the discriminator, the network is able to learn noise distribution automatically. Moreover, residual learning and skip connection architecture are applied for faster network training and further feature fusion. To evaluate the denoising performance, mouse lung, milkvetch root and bamboo stick are imaged by micro-CT in the experiments. Compared with BM3D, CNN-MSE and CNN-VGG, the proposed method can suppress noise effectively and recover image details without introducing any artifacts or blurry effect. The result proves that our method is feasible, efficient and practical.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90909942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.32604/mcb.2020.011532
Zahra Alimanesh, Zeynab Alimanesh, F. Davari, S. - Shadmehri, M. Ahmadi, S. Hosseini, S. Dolati, Alemeh Hariri Far
: Diabetes mellitus (DM) disease can affect process of apoptosis by increasing oxidative stress, nevertheless exercise and crocin can improve apoptosis; therefore present study aimed to investigate the effect of continued training with crocin on apoptosis markers in liver tissue of diabetic rats. In this experimental study 32 diabetic rats based on fasting glucose divided into four groups of eight rats including: 1) sham, 2) training, 3) crocin, and 4) training with crocin also for investigate the effect of DM induction on apoptosis markers, eight healthy rats assigned in healthy control group. During eight weeks groups 2 and 4 ran 60 minutes on treadmill with intensity of 50 – 55% maximum speed for three sessions per week and groups 3 and 4 received 25 mg/kg/day crocin peritoneally. Shapiro ’ post-hot statistical analysis of data (P ≤ 0.05) . DM induction signi fi cantly increased Bcl-2 as well as decreased Bax and P52 (P ≤ 0.05) nevertheless training and training with crocin signi fi cantly decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax and P53 (P ≤ 0.05) ; crocin signi fi cantly decreased Bcl-2 and increased P53 (P ≤ 0.05) and training with crocin had higher effect on increase of Bax and P53 compare to training (P ≤ 0.05) also increase of Bax compare to crocin. Although training and crocin alone can improve apoptotic markers in diabetic rats, nevertheless training simultaneously with crocin have better effects than training alone.
{"title":"The Effect of Continued Training with Crocin on Apoptosis Markers in Liver Tissue of High Fat Diet Induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"Zahra Alimanesh, Zeynab Alimanesh, F. Davari, S. - Shadmehri, M. Ahmadi, S. Hosseini, S. Dolati, Alemeh Hariri Far","doi":"10.32604/mcb.2020.011532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/mcb.2020.011532","url":null,"abstract":": Diabetes mellitus (DM) disease can affect process of apoptosis by increasing oxidative stress, nevertheless exercise and crocin can improve apoptosis; therefore present study aimed to investigate the effect of continued training with crocin on apoptosis markers in liver tissue of diabetic rats. In this experimental study 32 diabetic rats based on fasting glucose divided into four groups of eight rats including: 1) sham, 2) training, 3) crocin, and 4) training with crocin also for investigate the effect of DM induction on apoptosis markers, eight healthy rats assigned in healthy control group. During eight weeks groups 2 and 4 ran 60 minutes on treadmill with intensity of 50 – 55% maximum speed for three sessions per week and groups 3 and 4 received 25 mg/kg/day crocin peritoneally. Shapiro ’ post-hot statistical analysis of data (P ≤ 0.05) . DM induction signi fi cantly increased Bcl-2 as well as decreased Bax and P52 (P ≤ 0.05) nevertheless training and training with crocin signi fi cantly decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax and P53 (P ≤ 0.05) ; crocin signi fi cantly decreased Bcl-2 and increased P53 (P ≤ 0.05) and training with crocin had higher effect on increase of Bax and P53 compare to training (P ≤ 0.05) also increase of Bax compare to crocin. Although training and crocin alone can improve apoptotic markers in diabetic rats, nevertheless training simultaneously with crocin have better effects than training alone.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76292710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liang Wang, H. Jia, Luping He, R. Lv, Xiaoya Guo, Chun Yang, D. Giddens, H. Samady, A. Maehara, G. Mintz, D. Tang
Plaque erosion, one of the primary causes for coronary thrombosis, is responsible for about one third of the patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) [1]. Histological studies characterized the eroded plaque as a plaque with following morphological features: 1) plaque intima having direct contact with intraluminal thrombus due to the absence of endothelium or endothelial injury; 2) without rupture in the fibrous cap; 3) abundance of proteoglycans and smooth muscle cells on the luminal surface under the thrombus [2]. These characteristics has been applied in in vivo diagnosis of plaque erosion using optical coherence tomography (OCT) image technology and specific treatment strategy has also been developed for plaque erosion related ACS [3]. However, The pathogenesis mechanisms that cause plaque erosion are not fully understood [2]. It is postulated that plaque erosion has close association with biomechanical conditions in the coronary vessel [2]. In this work, a patient-specific OCT-based modeling approach was develop 3D fluid-structure interaction (FSI) models to investigate the biomechanical conditions in eroded plaque and investigate the impact of erosion-induced inflammation on plaque stress/strain conditions. Patient-specific OCT data of eroded coronary plaque were acquired from one male patient (age: 64) with frequency-domain OCT C7XR system and the Dragon Fly catheter (Lightlab Imaging/St. Jude Medical). Erosion sites were identified as the luminal surface having direct contact with intraluminal thrombus on the OCT images. Biplane X-ray angiographic data (Allura Xper FD10 System, Philips, Bothel, WA) were also acquired with the information of the location of the coronary artery stenosis and vessel curvature. OCT images were segmented manually with external elastic membrane (EEM) contour assumed to have positive remodeling ratio 1.1 for this plaque. The trailing edge of the lipid-rich necrotic core (lipid) was also assumed since it cannot be seen on the OCT images. Co-registration of OCT and angiographic data were performed to reconstruct the 3D coronary geometry. Our FSI modeling procedures with pre-shrink–stretch process and anisotropic material properties were previously developed. Blood flow was assumed to be laminar, Newtonian and incompressible, with arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations used as the governing equations. The governing equations of the structure models included equations of motion, the nonlinear Cauchy–Green strain–displacement relation and Mooney–Rivlin material properties. To reflect tissue weakening caused by erosion-induced inflammation, the material stiffness of plaque intima at the erosion site was adjust to one tenth of un-eroded fibrous plaque tissue [2]. Three FSI models were constructed to investigate the impacts of erosion-induced inflammation and lipid component on plaque stress/strain conditions: M1, without erosion (this means plaque intima at the erosion sites were
这表明侵蚀和脂质成分的影响对与斑块评估密切相关的应力/应变计算有影响。
{"title":"Impact of Plaque Erosion on Stress/Strain and Flow Shear Stress Calculation: An OCT-Based FSI Modeling Study","authors":"Liang Wang, H. Jia, Luping He, R. Lv, Xiaoya Guo, Chun Yang, D. Giddens, H. Samady, A. Maehara, G. Mintz, D. Tang","doi":"10.32604/mcb.2019.07522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/mcb.2019.07522","url":null,"abstract":"Plaque erosion, one of the primary causes for coronary thrombosis, is responsible for about one third of the patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) [1]. Histological studies characterized the eroded plaque as a plaque with following morphological features: 1) plaque intima having direct contact with intraluminal thrombus due to the absence of endothelium or endothelial injury; 2) without rupture in the fibrous cap; 3) abundance of proteoglycans and smooth muscle cells on the luminal surface under the thrombus [2]. These characteristics has been applied in in vivo diagnosis of plaque erosion using optical coherence tomography (OCT) image technology and specific treatment strategy has also been developed for plaque erosion related ACS [3]. However, The pathogenesis mechanisms that cause plaque erosion are not fully understood [2]. It is postulated that plaque erosion has close association with biomechanical conditions in the coronary vessel [2]. In this work, a patient-specific OCT-based modeling approach was develop 3D fluid-structure interaction (FSI) models to investigate the biomechanical conditions in eroded plaque and investigate the impact of erosion-induced inflammation on plaque stress/strain conditions. \u0000Patient-specific OCT data of eroded coronary plaque were acquired from one male patient (age: 64) with frequency-domain OCT C7XR system and the Dragon Fly catheter (Lightlab Imaging/St. Jude Medical). Erosion sites were identified as the luminal surface having direct contact with intraluminal thrombus on the OCT images. Biplane X-ray angiographic data (Allura Xper FD10 System, Philips, Bothel, WA) were also acquired with the information of the location of the coronary artery stenosis and vessel curvature. OCT images were segmented manually with external elastic membrane (EEM) contour assumed to have positive remodeling ratio 1.1 for this plaque. The trailing edge of the lipid-rich necrotic core (lipid) was also assumed since it cannot be seen on the OCT images. Co-registration of OCT and angiographic data were performed to reconstruct the 3D coronary geometry. Our FSI modeling procedures with pre-shrink–stretch process and anisotropic material properties were previously developed. Blood flow was assumed to be laminar, Newtonian and incompressible, with arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations used as the governing equations. The governing equations of the structure models included equations of motion, the nonlinear Cauchy–Green strain–displacement relation and Mooney–Rivlin material properties. To reflect tissue weakening caused by erosion-induced inflammation, the material stiffness of plaque intima at the erosion site was adjust to one tenth of un-eroded fibrous plaque tissue [2]. Three FSI models were constructed to investigate the impacts of erosion-induced inflammation and lipid component on plaque stress/strain conditions: M1, without erosion (this means plaque intima at the erosion sites were","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72660607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today, prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of cancers are progressing with non-invasive methods, including investigation and modification of the DNA methylation profile in cancer cells. One of the effective factors in regulating gene expression in mammals is DNA methylation. Methylation alterations of genes by external factors can change the expression of genes and inhibit the cancer. In the present study, we investigated the effect of down syndrome critical region 1 gene (DSCR1) ectopic expression on the methylation status of the BCL-XL, ITGA6, TCF3, RASSF1A, DOK7, VIM and CXCR4 genes in breast cancer cell lines. The effect of DSCR1 ectopic expression on cell viability in MCF7, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231 and MCF10A cell lines was evaluated using MTT assay after the cells treated by lentivirus vectors harboring DSCR1 for 72 hrs. Methylation status of BCL-XL, ITGA6, TCF3, RASSF1A, DOK7, VIM and CXCR4 genes in breast cancer cell lines was assessed by Restriction Enzyme PCR (REP) method. Also, methylation changes of these genes in breast cancer cell lines after treatment by lentivirus vectors harboring DSCR1 for 7 days were analyzed by REP method. To confirm the effect of DSCR1 on methylation of genes, Real-time PCR was performed. The MTT assay results indicated that DSCR1 ectopic expression reduced cell viability in all three human breast cancer cell lines. Our results showed that DSCR1 ectopic expression after 6 days reversed the hypomethylation status of the BCL-XL, ITGA6, TCF3, VIM and CXCR4 genes and hypermethylation of RASSF1A and DOK7 genes. The expression levels of BCL-XL, ITGA6, TCF3, VIM and CXCR4 mRNA significantly reduced (P<0.05) and the expression levels of RASSF1A and DOK7 mRNA significantly increased (P<0.05). Our findings reveal for the first time the impact of DSCR1 ectopic expression on the methylation status of breast cancer cells and identify a novel agent for epigenetic therapy.
{"title":"Epigenetic Modulations Induction Using DSCR1 Ectopic Expression in Breast Cancer Cells","authors":"Z. N. Boroujeni, Atefeh Shirkavand, A. Aleyasin","doi":"10.32604/MCB.2019.04366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/MCB.2019.04366","url":null,"abstract":"Today, prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of cancers are progressing with non-invasive methods, including investigation and modification of the DNA methylation profile in cancer cells. One of the effective factors in regulating gene expression in mammals is DNA methylation. Methylation alterations of genes by external factors can change the expression of genes and inhibit the cancer. In the present study, we investigated the effect of down syndrome critical region 1 gene (DSCR1) ectopic expression on the methylation status of the BCL-XL, ITGA6, TCF3, RASSF1A, DOK7, VIM and CXCR4 genes in breast cancer cell lines. \u0000The effect of DSCR1 ectopic expression on cell viability in MCF7, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231 and MCF10A cell lines was evaluated using MTT assay after the cells treated by lentivirus vectors harboring DSCR1 for 72 hrs. Methylation status of BCL-XL, ITGA6, TCF3, RASSF1A, DOK7, VIM and CXCR4 genes in breast cancer cell lines was assessed by Restriction Enzyme PCR (REP) method. Also, methylation changes of these genes in breast cancer cell lines after treatment by lentivirus vectors harboring DSCR1 for 7 days were analyzed by REP method. To confirm the effect of DSCR1 on methylation of genes, Real-time PCR was performed. \u0000The MTT assay results indicated that DSCR1 ectopic expression reduced cell viability in all three human breast cancer cell lines. Our results showed that DSCR1 ectopic expression after 6 days reversed the hypomethylation status of the BCL-XL, ITGA6, TCF3, VIM and CXCR4 genes and hypermethylation of RASSF1A and DOK7 genes. The expression levels of BCL-XL, ITGA6, TCF3, VIM and CXCR4 mRNA significantly reduced (P<0.05) and the expression levels of RASSF1A and DOK7 mRNA significantly increased (P<0.05). \u0000Our findings reveal for the first time the impact of DSCR1 ectopic expression on the methylation status of breast cancer cells and identify a novel agent for epigenetic therapy.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90045068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Baba, Ayano Shinmura, S. Tada, T. Amo, A. Tsukamoto
Mitochondria in endothelial cells remodel morphologically when supraphysiological cyclic stretch is exerted on the cells. During remodeling, mitochondria become shorter, but how they do so remains elusive. Drp1 is a regulator of mitochondrial morphologies. It shortens mitochondria by shifting the balance from mitochondrial fusion to fission. In this study, we hypothesized that Drp1 activation is involved in mitochondrial remodeling under supraphysiological cyclic stretch. To verify the involvement of Drp1, its activation was first quantified with Western blotting, but Drp1 was not significantly activated in endothelial cells under supraphysiological cyclic stretch. Next, Drp1 activation was inhibited with Mdivi-1, but this did not inhibit mitochondrial remodeling. Intracellular Ca2+ increase activates Drp1 through calcineurin. First, we inhibited the intracellular Ca2+ increase with Gd3+ and thapsigargin, but this did not inhibit mitochondrial remodeling. Next, we inhibited calcineurin with cyclosporin A, but this also did not inhibit mitochondrial remodeling. These results indicate that mitochondrial remodeling under supraphysiological cyclic stretch is independent of Drp1 activation. In endothelial cells under supraphysiological cyclic stretch, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated. Mitochondrial morphologies are remodeled by ROS generation. When ROS was eliminated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, mitochondrial remodeling was inhibited. Furthermore, when the polymerization of the actin cytoskeleton was inhibited with cytochalasin D, mitochondrial remodeling was also inhibited. These results suggest that ROS and actin cytoskeleton are rather involved in mitochondrial remodeling. In conclusion, the present results suggest that mitochondrial remodeling in endothelial cells under supraphysiological cyclic stretch is induced by ROS in association with actin cytoskeleton rather than through Drp1 activation.
{"title":"Mitochondrial Remodeling in Endothelial Cells under Cyclic Stretch is Independent of Drp1 Activation","authors":"M. Baba, Ayano Shinmura, S. Tada, T. Amo, A. Tsukamoto","doi":"10.32604/MCB.2019.05199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/MCB.2019.05199","url":null,"abstract":"Mitochondria in endothelial cells remodel morphologically when supraphysiological cyclic stretch is exerted on the cells. During remodeling, mitochondria become shorter, but how they do so remains elusive. Drp1 is a regulator of mitochondrial morphologies. It shortens mitochondria by shifting the balance from mitochondrial fusion to fission. In this study, we hypothesized that Drp1 activation is involved in mitochondrial remodeling under supraphysiological cyclic stretch. To verify the involvement of Drp1, its activation was first quantified with Western blotting, but Drp1 was not significantly activated in endothelial cells under supraphysiological cyclic stretch. Next, Drp1 activation was inhibited with Mdivi-1, but this did not inhibit mitochondrial remodeling. Intracellular Ca2+ increase activates Drp1 through calcineurin. First, we inhibited the intracellular Ca2+ increase with Gd3+ and thapsigargin, but this did not inhibit mitochondrial remodeling. Next, we inhibited calcineurin with cyclosporin A, but this also did not inhibit mitochondrial remodeling. These results indicate that mitochondrial remodeling under supraphysiological cyclic stretch is independent of Drp1 activation. In endothelial cells under supraphysiological cyclic stretch, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated. Mitochondrial morphologies are remodeled by ROS generation. When ROS was eliminated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, mitochondrial remodeling was inhibited. Furthermore, when the polymerization of the actin cytoskeleton was inhibited with cytochalasin D, mitochondrial remodeling was also inhibited. These results suggest that ROS and actin cytoskeleton are rather involved in mitochondrial remodeling. In conclusion, the present results suggest that mitochondrial remodeling in endothelial cells under supraphysiological cyclic stretch is induced by ROS in association with actin cytoskeleton rather than through Drp1 activation.","PeriodicalId":48719,"journal":{"name":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics","volume":"438 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75672902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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