Wedad Alahamade, I. Lake, C. Reeves, B. de la Iglesia
Abstract. Air pollution is one of the world's leading risk factors for death, with 6.5 million deaths per year worldwide attributed to air-pollution-related diseases. Understanding the behaviour of certain pollutants through air quality assessment can produce improvements in air quality management that will translate to health and economic benefits. However, problems with missing data and uncertainty hinder that assessment. We are motivated by the need to enhance the air pollution data available. We focus on the problem of missing air pollutant concentration data either because a limited set of pollutants is measured at a monitoring site or because an instrument is not operating, so a particular pollutant is not measured for a period of time. In our previous work, we have proposed models which can impute a whole missing time series to enhance air quality monitoring. Some of these models are based on a multivariate time series (MVTS) clustering method. Here, we apply our method to real data and show how different graphical and statistical model evaluation functions enable us to select the imputation model that produces the most plausible imputations. We then compare the Daily Air Quality Index (DAQI) values obtained after imputation with observed values incorporating missing data. Our results show that using an ensemble model that aggregates the spatial similarity obtained by the geographical correlation between monitoring stations and the fused temporal similarity between pollutant concentrations produces very good imputation results. Furthermore, the analysis enhances understanding of the different pollutant behaviours and of the characteristics of different stations according to their environmental type.
{"title":"Evaluation of multivariate time series clustering for imputation of air pollution data","authors":"Wedad Alahamade, I. Lake, C. Reeves, B. de la Iglesia","doi":"10.5194/gi-10-265-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-10-265-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Air pollution is one of the world's leading risk factors for death, with 6.5 million deaths per year worldwide attributed to air-pollution-related diseases. Understanding the behaviour of certain pollutants through air quality assessment can produce improvements in air quality management that will translate to health and economic benefits. However, problems with missing data and uncertainty hinder that assessment. We are motivated by the need to enhance the air pollution data available. We focus on the problem of missing air pollutant concentration data either because a limited set of pollutants is measured at a monitoring site or because an instrument is not operating, so a particular pollutant is not measured for a period of time. In our previous work, we have proposed models which can impute a whole missing time series to enhance air quality monitoring. Some of these models are based on a multivariate time series (MVTS) clustering method. Here, we apply our method to real data and show how different graphical and statistical model evaluation functions enable us to select the imputation model that produces the most plausible imputations. We then compare the Daily Air Quality Index (DAQI) values obtained after imputation with observed values incorporating missing data. Our results show that using an ensemble model that aggregates the spatial similarity obtained by the geographical correlation between monitoring stations and the fused temporal similarity between pollutant concentrations produces very good imputation results. Furthermore, the analysis enhances understanding of the different pollutant behaviours and of the characteristics of different stations according to their environmental type.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48742,"journal":{"name":"Geoscientific Instrumentation Methods and Data Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46061398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhijian Zhou, Zhilong Liu, Wenduo Li, Yihang Wang, Chao Wang
Abstract. Aeromagnetic exploration is an important method of geophysical exploration. We study the compensation method of the towed bird system and establish the towed bird interference model. Due to the geomagnetic gradient changing greatly, the geomagnetic gradient is considered in the towed bird interference model. In this paper, we model the geomagnetic field gradient and analyze the influence of the towed bird system on the aeromagnetic compensation results. Finally, we apply the ridge regression method to solve the problem. We verify the feasibility of this compensation method through actual flight tests and further improve the data quality of the towed bird interference.
{"title":"Analysis and reduction of the geomagnetic gradient influence on aeromagnetic compensation in a towed bird","authors":"Zhijian Zhou, Zhilong Liu, Wenduo Li, Yihang Wang, Chao Wang","doi":"10.5194/gi-10-257-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-10-257-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Aeromagnetic exploration is an important method of geophysical exploration. We study the compensation method of the towed bird system and establish the towed bird interference model. Due to the geomagnetic gradient changing greatly, the geomagnetic gradient is considered in the towed bird interference model. In this paper, we model the geomagnetic field gradient and analyze the influence of the towed bird system on the aeromagnetic compensation results. Finally, we apply the ridge regression method to solve the problem. We verify the feasibility of this compensation method through actual flight tests and further improve the data quality of the towed bird interference.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48742,"journal":{"name":"Geoscientific Instrumentation Methods and Data Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46354966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Thermohaline staircases are stepped structures of alternating thick mixed layers and thin high gradient interfaces. These structures can be up to several tens of metres thick and are associated with double-diffusive mixing. Thermohaline staircases occur across broad swathes of the Arctic and tropical/subtropical oceans and can increase rates of diapycnal mixing by up to five times the background rate, driving substantial nutrient fluxes to the upper ocean. In this study, we present an improved classification algorithm to detect thermohaline staircases in ocean glider profiles. We use a dataset of 1162 glider profiles from the tropical North Atlantic collected in early 2020 at the edge of a known thermohaline staircase region. The algorithm identifies thermohaline staircases in 97.7 % of profiles that extend deeper than 300 m. We validate our algorithm against previous results obtained from algorithmic classification of Argo float profiles. Using fine resolution temperature data from a fast-response thermistor on one of the gliders, we explore the effect of varying vertical bin sizes on detected thermohaline staircases. Our algorithm builds on previous work with improved flexibility and the ability to classify staircases from profiles with poor salinity data. Using our results, we propose that the incidence of thermohaline staircases is limited by strong background vertical gradients in conservative temperature and absolute salinity.
{"title":"Glider Observations of Thermohaline Staircases in the Tropical North Atlantic Using an Automated Classifier","authors":"C. Rollo, K. Heywood, R. Hall","doi":"10.5194/gi-2021-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2021-27","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Thermohaline staircases are stepped structures of alternating thick mixed layers and thin high gradient interfaces. These structures can be up to several tens of metres thick and are associated with double-diffusive mixing. Thermohaline staircases occur across broad swathes of the Arctic and tropical/subtropical oceans and can increase rates of diapycnal mixing by up to five times the background rate, driving substantial nutrient fluxes to the upper ocean. In this study, we present an improved classification algorithm to detect thermohaline staircases in ocean glider profiles. We use a dataset of 1162 glider profiles from the tropical North Atlantic collected in early 2020 at the edge of a known thermohaline staircase region. The algorithm identifies thermohaline staircases in 97.7 % of profiles that extend deeper than 300 m. We validate our algorithm against previous results obtained from algorithmic classification of Argo float profiles. Using fine resolution temperature data from a fast-response thermistor on one of the gliders, we explore the effect of varying vertical bin sizes on detected thermohaline staircases. Our algorithm builds on previous work with improved flexibility and the ability to classify staircases from profiles with poor salinity data. Using our results, we propose that the incidence of thermohaline staircases is limited by strong background vertical gradients in conservative temperature and absolute salinity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48742,"journal":{"name":"Geoscientific Instrumentation Methods and Data Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48594911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. In atmospheric science, measurements above the surface have long been obtained by carrying instrument packages, radiosondes, aloft using balloons. Whilst occasionally used for research, most radiosondes – around one thousand are released daily – only generate data for routine weather forecasting. If meteorological radiosondes are modified to carry additional sensors, of either mass-produced commercial heritage or designed for a specific scientific application, a wide range of new measurements becomes possible. Development of add-on devices for standard radiosondes, whilst retaining the core meteorological use, is described here. Combining diverse sensors on a single radiosonde helps interpretation of findings, and yields economy of equipment, consumables and effort. A self-configuring system has been developed to allow different sensors to be easily combined, enhancing existing weather balloons and providing an emergency monitoring capability for airborne hazards. This research programme was originally pursued to investigate electrical properties of extensive layer clouds, and has expanded to include a wide range of balloon-carried sensors for solar radiation, cloud, turbulence, volcanic ash, radioactivity and space weather. For the layer cloud charge application, multiple soundings in both hemispheres have established that charging of extensive layer clouds is widespread, and likely to be a global phenomenon. This paper summarises the Christiaan Huygens medal lecture given at the 2021 European Geoscience Union meeting.
{"title":"Measuring electrical properties of the lower troposphere using enhanced meteorological radiosondes","authors":"R. Harrison","doi":"10.5194/gi-2021-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2021-26","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In atmospheric science, measurements above the surface have long been obtained by carrying instrument packages, radiosondes, aloft using balloons. Whilst occasionally used for research, most radiosondes – around one thousand are released daily – only generate data for routine weather forecasting. If meteorological radiosondes are modified to carry additional sensors, of either mass-produced commercial heritage or designed for a specific scientific application, a wide range of new measurements becomes possible. Development of add-on devices for standard radiosondes, whilst retaining the core meteorological use, is described here. Combining diverse sensors on a single radiosonde helps interpretation of findings, and yields economy of equipment, consumables and effort. A self-configuring system has been developed to allow different sensors to be easily combined, enhancing existing weather balloons and providing an emergency monitoring capability for airborne hazards. This research programme was originally pursued to investigate electrical properties of extensive layer clouds, and has expanded to include a wide range of balloon-carried sensors for solar radiation, cloud, turbulence, volcanic ash, radioactivity and space weather. For the layer cloud charge application, multiple soundings in both hemispheres have established that charging of extensive layer clouds is widespread, and likely to be a global phenomenon. This paper summarises the Christiaan Huygens medal lecture given at the 2021 European Geoscience Union meeting.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48742,"journal":{"name":"Geoscientific Instrumentation Methods and Data Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47254513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Radio wave absorption in the ionosphere is a function of electron density, collision frequency, radio wave polarisation, magnetic field and radio wave frequency. Several studies have used multi-frequency measurements of cosmic radio noise absorption to determine electron density profiles. Using the framework of statistical inverse problems, we investigated if an electron density altitude profile can be determined by using multi-frequency, dual-polarisation measurements. It was found that the altitude profile cannot be uniquely determined from a complete measurement of radio wave absorption for all frequencies and two polarisation modes. This implies that accurate electron density profile measurements cannot be ascertained using multi-frequency riometer data alone, but that the reconstruction requires a strong additional a priori assumption of the electron density profile, such as a parameterised model for the ionisation source. Nevertheless, the spectral index of the absorption could be used to determine if there is a significant component of hard precipitation that ionises the lower part of the D region, but it is not possible to infer the altitude distribution uniquely with this technique alone.
{"title":"On the determination of ionospheric electron density profiles using multi-frequency riometry","authors":"D. McKay, J. Vierinen, A. Kero, N. Partamies","doi":"10.5194/gi-2021-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2021-25","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Radio wave absorption in the ionosphere is a function of electron density, collision frequency, radio wave polarisation, magnetic field and radio wave frequency. Several studies have used multi-frequency measurements of cosmic radio noise absorption to determine electron density profiles. Using the framework of statistical inverse problems, we investigated if an electron density altitude profile can be determined by using multi-frequency, dual-polarisation measurements. It was found that the altitude profile cannot be uniquely determined from a complete measurement of radio wave absorption for all frequencies and two polarisation modes. This implies that accurate electron density profile measurements cannot be ascertained using multi-frequency riometer data alone, but that the reconstruction requires a strong additional a priori assumption of the electron density profile, such as a parameterised model for the ionisation source. Nevertheless, the spectral index of the absorption could be used to determine if there is a significant component of hard precipitation that ionises the lower part of the D region, but it is not possible to infer the altitude distribution uniquely with this technique alone.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48742,"journal":{"name":"Geoscientific Instrumentation Methods and Data Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45814036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ye Zhu, A. Du, H. Luo, Qiao Donghai, Ying Zhang, Y. Ge, Jiefeng Yang, Sun Shuquan, Zhao-Qing Lin, J. Ou, Zhifan Guo, Lin Tian
Abstract. The Low Orbit Pearl Satellite series consists of six constellations, with each constellation consisting of three identical microsatellites that line up just like a string of pearls. The first constellation of three satellites were launched on 29 September 2017, with an inclination of ∼ 35.5∘ and ∼ 600 km altitude. Each satellite is equipped with three identical fluxgate magnetometers that measure the in situ magnetic field and its low-frequency fluctuations in the Earth's low-altitude orbit. The triple sensor configuration enables separation of stray field effects generated by the spacecraft from the ambient magnetic field (e.g., Zhang et al., 2006). This paper gives a general description of the magnetometer including the instrument design, calibration before launch, in-flight calibration, in-flight performance, and initial results. Unprecedented spatial coverage resolution of the magnetic field measurements allow for the investigation of the dynamic processes and electric currents of the ionosphere and magnetosphere, especially for the ring current and equatorial electrojet during both quiet geomagnetic conditions and storms. Magnetic field measurements from LOPS could be important for studying the method to separate their contributions of the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere (M-I) current system.
{"title":"The fluxgate magnetometer of the Low Orbit Pearl Satellites (LOPS): overview of in-flight performance and initial results","authors":"Ye Zhu, A. Du, H. Luo, Qiao Donghai, Ying Zhang, Y. Ge, Jiefeng Yang, Sun Shuquan, Zhao-Qing Lin, J. Ou, Zhifan Guo, Lin Tian","doi":"10.5194/GI-10-227-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/GI-10-227-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Low Orbit Pearl Satellite series consists of six\u0000constellations, with each constellation consisting of three identical\u0000microsatellites that line up just like a string of pearls. The first\u0000constellation of three satellites were launched on 29 September 2017, with\u0000an inclination of ∼ 35.5∘ and ∼ 600 km\u0000altitude. Each satellite is equipped with three identical fluxgate\u0000magnetometers that measure the in situ magnetic field and its low-frequency fluctuations in the Earth's low-altitude orbit. The triple sensor\u0000configuration enables separation of stray field effects generated by the\u0000spacecraft from the ambient magnetic field (e.g., Zhang et al., 2006). This\u0000paper gives a general description of the magnetometer including the instrument\u0000design, calibration before launch, in-flight calibration, in-flight performance, and initial results. Unprecedented spatial coverage\u0000resolution of the magnetic field measurements allow for the investigation of the\u0000dynamic processes and electric currents of the ionosphere and magnetosphere,\u0000especially for the ring current and equatorial electrojet during both\u0000quiet geomagnetic conditions and storms. Magnetic field measurements from LOPS could be important for studying\u0000the method to separate their contributions of the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere (M-I) current system.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48742,"journal":{"name":"Geoscientific Instrumentation Methods and Data Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46413713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Philippov, V. Makhmutov, G. Bazilevskaya, F. Zagumennov, V. Fomenko, Y. Stozhkov, A. Orlov
Abstract. In this paper, we discuss the influence of meteorological effects on the data of the ground installation CARPET, which is a detector of the charged component of secondary cosmic rays (CRs). This device is designed in the P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI, Moscow, Russia) and installed at the Dolgoprudny scientific station (Dolgoprudny, Moscow region; 55.56∘ N, 37.3∘ E; geomagnetic cutoff rigidity (Rc = 2.12 GV) in 2017. Based on the data obtained in 2019–2020, the barometric and temperature correction coefficients for the CARPET installation were determined. The barometric coefficient was calculated from the data of the barometric pressure sensor included in the installation. To determine the temperature effect, we used the data of upper-air sounding of the atmosphere obtained by the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Central Aerological Observatory” (CAO), also located in Dolgoprudny. Upper-air sounds launch twice a day and can reach an altitude of more than 30 km.
{"title":"Accounting for meteorological effects in the detector of the charged component of cosmic rays","authors":"M. Philippov, V. Makhmutov, G. Bazilevskaya, F. Zagumennov, V. Fomenko, Y. Stozhkov, A. Orlov","doi":"10.5194/GI-10-219-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/GI-10-219-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In this paper, we discuss the influence of meteorological effects\u0000on the data of the ground installation CARPET, which is a detector of the\u0000charged component of secondary cosmic rays (CRs). This device is designed in\u0000the P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI, Moscow, Russia) and installed at\u0000the Dolgoprudny scientific station (Dolgoprudny, Moscow region;\u000055.56∘ N, 37.3∘ E; geomagnetic cutoff rigidity (Rc = 2.12 GV) in 2017. Based on the data obtained in 2019–2020, the barometric\u0000and temperature correction coefficients for the CARPET installation were\u0000determined. The barometric coefficient was calculated from the data of the\u0000barometric pressure sensor included in the installation. To determine the\u0000temperature effect, we used the data of upper-air sounding of the atmosphere\u0000obtained by the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Central Aerological\u0000Observatory” (CAO), also located in Dolgoprudny. Upper-air sounds launch\u0000twice a day and can reach an altitude of more than 30 km.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48742,"journal":{"name":"Geoscientific Instrumentation Methods and Data Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44120401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. This paper describes a newly designed, experimental, and affordable rock slope monitoring system. This system is being used to monitor three rock slopes in Czechia for a period of up to 2 years. The instrumented rock slopes have different lithology (sandstone, limestone, and granite), aspect, and structural and mechanical properties. Induction crackmeters monitor the dynamic of joints, which separate unstable rock blocks from the rock face. This setup works with a repeatability of measurements of 0.05 mm. External destabilising factors (air temperature, precipitation, incoming and outgoing radiation, etc.) are measured by a weather station placed directly within the rock slope. Thermal behaviour in the rock slope surface zone is monitored using a compound temperature probe, placed inside a 3 m deep subhorizontal borehole, which is insulated from external air temperature. Additionally, one thermocouple is placed directly on the rock slope surface. From the time series measured to date (the longest since autumn 2018), we are able to distinguish differences between the annual and diurnal temperature cycles of the monitored sites. From the first data, a greater annual joint dynamic is measured in the case of larger blocks; however, smaller blocks are more responsive to short-term diurnal temperature cycles. Differences in the thermal regime between the sites are also recognisable and are caused mainly by different slope aspect, rock mass thermal conductivity, and colour. These differences will be explained by the statistical analysis of longer time series in the future.
{"title":"Observation of the rock slope thermal regime, coupled with crackmeter stability monitoring: initial results from three different sites in Czechia (central Europe)","authors":"O. Racek, J. Blahůt, F. Hartvich","doi":"10.5194/gi-10-203-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-10-203-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This paper describes a newly designed, experimental, and affordable rock slope monitoring system. This system is being used to monitor three rock slopes in Czechia for a period of up to 2 years. The instrumented rock slopes have different lithology (sandstone, limestone, and granite), aspect, and structural and mechanical properties. Induction crackmeters monitor the dynamic of joints, which separate unstable rock blocks from the rock face. This setup works with a repeatability of measurements of 0.05 mm. External destabilising factors (air temperature, precipitation, incoming and outgoing radiation, etc.) are measured by a weather station placed directly within the rock slope. Thermal behaviour in the rock slope surface zone is monitored using a compound temperature probe, placed inside a 3 m deep subhorizontal borehole, which is insulated from external air temperature. Additionally, one thermocouple is placed directly on the rock slope surface. From the time series measured to date (the longest since autumn 2018), we are able to distinguish differences between the annual and diurnal temperature cycles of the monitored sites. From the first data, a greater annual joint dynamic is measured in the case of larger blocks; however, smaller blocks are more responsive to short-term diurnal temperature cycles. Differences in the thermal regime between the sites are also recognisable and are caused mainly by different slope aspect, rock mass thermal conductivity, and colour. These differences will be explained by the statistical analysis of longer time series in the future.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48742,"journal":{"name":"Geoscientific Instrumentation Methods and Data Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47488823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monika Bociarska, Julia Rewers, D. Wójcik, W. Materkowska, P. Środa
Abstract. The paper presents information about the seismic experiment “AniMaLS” which aims to provide a new insight into the crust and upper mantle structure beneath the Polish Sudetes (NE margin of the Variscan orogen). The seismic network composed of 23 temporary broadband stations was operated continuously for about 2 years (October 2017 to October 2019). The dataset was complemented by records from eight permanent stations located in the study area and in the vicinity. The stations were deployed with an inter-station spacing of approximately 25–30 km. As a result, recordings of local, regional and teleseismic events were obtained. We describe the aims and motivation of the project, the station deployment procedure, as well as the characteristics of the temporary seismic network and of the permanent stations. Furthermore, this paper includes a description of important issues like data transmission setup, status monitoring systems, data quality control, near-surface geological structure beneath stations and related site effects, etc. Special attention was paid to verification of correct orientation of the sensors. The obtained dataset will be analysed using several seismic interpretation methods, including analysis of seismic anisotropy parameters, with the objective of extending knowledge about the lithospheric and sublithospheric structure and the tectonic evolution of the study area.
{"title":"Passive seismic experiment “AniMaLS” in the Polish Sudetes (NE Variscides)","authors":"Monika Bociarska, Julia Rewers, D. Wójcik, W. Materkowska, P. Środa","doi":"10.5194/GI-10-183-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/GI-10-183-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The paper presents information about the seismic\u0000experiment “AniMaLS” which aims to provide a new insight into the crust and\u0000upper mantle structure beneath the Polish Sudetes (NE margin of the Variscan\u0000orogen). The seismic network composed of 23 temporary broadband stations was\u0000operated continuously for about 2 years (October 2017 to October 2019).\u0000The dataset was complemented by records from eight permanent stations located in\u0000the study area and in the vicinity. The stations were deployed with an\u0000inter-station spacing of approximately 25–30 km. As a result, recordings of\u0000local, regional and teleseismic events were obtained. We describe the aims\u0000and motivation of the project, the station deployment procedure, as well as\u0000the characteristics of the temporary seismic network and of the permanent\u0000stations. Furthermore, this paper includes a description of important issues\u0000like data transmission setup, status monitoring systems, data quality\u0000control, near-surface geological structure beneath stations and related site\u0000effects, etc. Special attention was paid to verification of correct\u0000orientation of the sensors. The obtained dataset will be analysed using\u0000several seismic interpretation methods, including analysis of seismic\u0000anisotropy parameters, with the objective of extending knowledge about the\u0000lithospheric and sublithospheric structure and the tectonic evolution of\u0000the study area.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48742,"journal":{"name":"Geoscientific Instrumentation Methods and Data Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43343451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Measurement of the geomagnetic field in Indonesia is undertaken by the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG). Routine activities at each observatory include the determination of declination, inclination and total field using absolute and variation measurements. The oldest observatory is Tangerang (TNG), started in 1964, followed by Tuntungan (TUN) in 1980, Tondano (TND) in 1990, Pelabuhan Ratu (PLR) and Kupang (KPG) in 2000 and Jayapura (JAY) in 2012. One of the main obligations of a geomagnetic observatory is to produce final measurements, released as definitive data, for each year and make them widely available both for scientific and non-scientific purposes, for example to the World Data Centre of Geomagnetism (WDC-G). Unfortunately, some Indonesian geomagnetic observatories do not share their data to the WDC and often have difficulty in producing definitive data. In addition, some more basic problems still exist such as low quality data due to man-made or instrumental noise, a lack of data processing knowledge, and limited observer training. In this study, we report on the production of definitive data from Indonesian observatories and some recommendations are provided about how to improve the data quality. These methods and approaches are applicable to other institutes seeking to enhance their data quality and scientific utility for example in main field modelling or space weather monitoring.
{"title":"Production of Definitive Data from Indonesian Geomagnetic Observatories","authors":"R. Margiono, C. Turbitt, C. Beggan, K. Whaler","doi":"10.5194/gi-2021-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2021-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Measurement of the geomagnetic field in Indonesia is undertaken by the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG). Routine activities at each observatory include the determination of declination, inclination and total field using absolute and variation measurements. The oldest observatory is Tangerang (TNG), started in 1964, followed by Tuntungan (TUN) in 1980, Tondano (TND) in 1990, Pelabuhan Ratu (PLR) and Kupang (KPG) in 2000 and Jayapura (JAY) in 2012. One of the main obligations of a geomagnetic observatory is to produce final measurements, released as definitive data, for each year and make them widely available both for scientific and non-scientific purposes, for example to the World Data Centre of Geomagnetism (WDC-G). Unfortunately, some Indonesian geomagnetic observatories do not share their data to the WDC and often have difficulty in producing definitive data. In addition, some more basic problems still exist such as low quality data due to man-made or instrumental noise, a lack of data processing knowledge, and limited observer training. In this study, we report on the production of definitive data from Indonesian observatories and some recommendations are provided about how to improve the data quality. These methods and approaches are applicable to other institutes seeking to enhance their data quality and scientific utility for example in main field modelling or space weather monitoring.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48742,"journal":{"name":"Geoscientific Instrumentation Methods and Data Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43134078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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