Spontaneous portosystemic shunt (SPSS) refers to collateral vessels that communicate between the portal vein system and systemic circulation. SPSS mainly includes esophageal varices, gastric varices, left gastric vein, recanalized paraumbilical vein, abdominal wall varices, and spontaneous splenorenal shunt. SPSS contributes to the development of hepatic encephalopathy caused by portal vein inflow bypassing and carries a higher risk of death in liver cirrhosis. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography is a major imaging approach to establish a diagnosis of SPSS and evaluate its location and feature. This review primarily describes the main contrast-enhanced CT features of SPSS in liver cirrhosis.
{"title":"Computed Tomography Images of Spontaneous Portosystemic Shunt in Liver Cirrhosis.","authors":"Fangfang Yi, Xiaozhong Guo, Qing-Lei Zeng, Benqiang Yang, Yanglan He, Shanshan Yuan, Ankur Arora, Xingshun Qi","doi":"10.1155/2022/3231144","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/3231144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spontaneous portosystemic shunt (SPSS) refers to collateral vessels that communicate between the portal vein system and systemic circulation. SPSS mainly includes esophageal varices, gastric varices, left gastric vein, recanalized paraumbilical vein, abdominal wall varices, and spontaneous splenorenal shunt. SPSS contributes to the development of hepatic encephalopathy caused by portal vein inflow bypassing and carries a higher risk of death in liver cirrhosis. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography is a major imaging approach to establish a diagnosis of SPSS and evaluate its location and feature. This review primarily describes the main contrast-enhanced CT features of SPSS in liver cirrhosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48755,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology","volume":" ","pages":"3231144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9200601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40012326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive bacillus with fecal-oral transmission and is currently one of the most common nosocomial infections worldwide, which was renamed Clostridioides difficile in 2016. Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a prevalent infection in cirrhosis and negatively affects prognosis. This study aimed to provide a concise review with clinical practice implications. The prevalence of CDI in cirrhotic patients increases, while the associated mortality decreases. Multiple groups of risk factors increase the likelihood of CDI in patients with cirrhosis, such as antibiotic use, the severity of cirrhosis, some comorbidities, and demographic aspects. Treatment in the general population is currently described in the latest guidelines. In patients with cirrhosis, rifaximin and lactulose have been shown to reduce CDI risk due to their modulatory effects on the intestinal flora, although conflicting results exist. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as a treatment for the second or subsequent CDI recurrences has demonstrated a good safety and efficacy in cirrhosis and CDI. Future validation in more prospective studies is needed. Screening of asymptomatic patients appears to be discouraged for the prevention currently, with strict hand hygiene and cleaning of the ward and medical equipment surfaces being the cornerstone of minimizing transmission.
{"title":"Clostridioides difficile Infection in Liver Cirrhosis: A Concise Review","authors":"Yuanbin Liu, Mingkai Chen","doi":"10.1155/2022/4209442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4209442","url":null,"abstract":"Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive bacillus with fecal-oral transmission and is currently one of the most common nosocomial infections worldwide, which was renamed Clostridioides difficile in 2016. Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a prevalent infection in cirrhosis and negatively affects prognosis. This study aimed to provide a concise review with clinical practice implications. The prevalence of CDI in cirrhotic patients increases, while the associated mortality decreases. Multiple groups of risk factors increase the likelihood of CDI in patients with cirrhosis, such as antibiotic use, the severity of cirrhosis, some comorbidities, and demographic aspects. Treatment in the general population is currently described in the latest guidelines. In patients with cirrhosis, rifaximin and lactulose have been shown to reduce CDI risk due to their modulatory effects on the intestinal flora, although conflicting results exist. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as a treatment for the second or subsequent CDI recurrences has demonstrated a good safety and efficacy in cirrhosis and CDI. Future validation in more prospective studies is needed. Screening of asymptomatic patients appears to be discouraged for the prevention currently, with strict hand hygiene and cleaning of the ward and medical equipment surfaces being the cornerstone of minimizing transmission.","PeriodicalId":48755,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90712194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: In resource-constrained countries, accurate diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection remains a challenge. This study aimed to assess the clinical utility of locally available serological and stool antigen test kits in the management of people with suspected H. pylori infection in Ethiopia.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with apparently healthy adults and children living in southwest Ethiopia. Participants were interviewed for dyspepsia symptoms and related clinical conditions. H. pylori infection was examined using commercially available serological and stool antigen tests. The association between H. pylori tests and dyspepsia symptoms was analyzed using logistic regression models.
Results: Out of 1392 participants included in the final analysis, 49.1% and 6.5% tested positive for H. pylori infection with serology and stool antigen test kits, respectively. Participants reporting epigastric symptoms in the past three months (AOR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.28-2.91) and those with recent dyspepsia treatment (AOR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.05-2.18) were likely to have positive serology test. However, no association between dyspepsia symptoms and H. pylori stool antigen positivity was observed in our study.
Conclusion: ccurate detection of H. pylori infections using commercially accessible diagnostics remains difficult in Ethiopia. With these methods, it will be hard to ensure adequate diagnosis and early treatment of H. pylori infection, as well as rational antibiotic use.
背景:在资源受限的国家，幽门螺杆菌感染的准确诊断仍然是一个挑战。本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚当地可用的血清学和粪便抗原检测试剂盒在管理疑似幽门螺杆菌感染患者中的临床应用。方法:以社区为基础的横断面研究对生活在埃塞俄比亚西南部的表面健康的成人和儿童进行了研究。对参与者进行了消化不良症状和相关临床状况的访谈。幽门螺杆菌感染检查使用市售血清学和粪便抗原试验。使用logistic回归模型分析幽门螺杆菌检测与消化不良症状之间的关系。结果:在最终分析的1392名参与者中，血清学和粪便抗原检测试剂盒分别检测出49.1%和6.5%的幽门螺杆菌感染阳性。在过去三个月内报告上腹症状的参与者(AOR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.28-2.91)和最近接受消化不良治疗的参与者(AOR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.05-2.18)血清学检测阳性的可能性较大。然而，在我们的研究中没有观察到消化不良症状与幽门螺杆菌粪便抗原阳性之间的联系。结论:在埃塞俄比亚，利用商业上可获得的诊断方法准确检测幽门螺杆菌感染仍然很困难。这些方法将难以保证幽门螺杆菌感染的充分诊断和早期治疗，以及合理使用抗生素。
{"title":"Diagnostic Challenges of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection in Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Esayas Kebede Gudina, Hiwot Amare, Solomon Ali, Melkamu Berhane Arefayine, Dagmawi Tewolde, Million Tesfaye Eshete, Mulusew Gerbaba Jebena, Andreas Wieser, Guenter Froeschl, Markos Tesfaye, Hailemichael Desalegn, Mulatu Gashaw","doi":"10.1155/2022/4013020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4013020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In resource-constrained countries, accurate diagnosis of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection remains a challenge. This study aimed to assess the clinical utility of locally available serological and stool antigen test kits in the management of people with suspected <i>H. pylori</i> infection in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with apparently healthy adults and children living in southwest Ethiopia. Participants were interviewed for dyspepsia symptoms and related clinical conditions. <i>H. pylori</i> infection was examined using commercially available serological and stool antigen tests. The association between <i>H. pylori</i> tests and dyspepsia symptoms was analyzed using logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1392 participants included in the final analysis, 49.1% and 6.5% tested positive for <i>H. pylori</i> infection with serology and stool antigen test kits, respectively. Participants reporting epigastric symptoms in the past three months (AOR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.28-2.91) and those with recent dyspepsia treatment (AOR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.05-2.18) were likely to have positive serology test. However, no association between dyspepsia symptoms and <i>H. pylori</i> stool antigen positivity was observed in our study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ccurate detection of <i>H. pylori</i> infections using commercially accessible diagnostics remains difficult in Ethiopia. With these methods, it will be hard to ensure adequate diagnosis and early treatment of <i>H. pylori</i> infection, as well as rational antibiotic use.</p>","PeriodicalId":48755,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology","volume":" ","pages":"4013020"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9553705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33515097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The roles of COL11A1 in cancer have been increasingly considered, but the understandings of the effects of COL11A1 on colon carcinoma progress are much limited yet. qRT-PCR and Western blot were utilized to evaluate COL11A1 expression at mRNA and protein levels, respectively, in colon carcinoma cell lines. Afterward, the tumorigenesis biological effects of COL11A1 were examined by CCK-8, colony formation, Transwell, and wound healing methods. Moreover, upstream miRNAs containing the binding sites with COL11A1 were predicted by the bioinformatics methods. The interplay between COL11A1 and miR-339-5p was identified by a dual-luciferase assay. COL11A1 expression was prominently upregulated in colon carcinoma cell lines relative to that in normal human colon mucosal epithelial cell lines, and it was related to tumor stages. The outcomes of in-vitro experiments suggested that interfering with COL11A1 remarkably repressed the malignant behaviors of SW480 and SW620 cells. MiR-339-5p was markedly lowly expressed in colon carcinoma cell lines. Furthermore, miR-339-5p directly targeted and negatively regulated COL11A1 expression. COL11A1 upregulation promoted colon carcinoma cell functions, while overexpressing miR-339-5p evidently attenuated the promotion. These results proved the modulation of the miR-339-5p/COL11A1 axis in colon carcinoma cells, and miR-339-5p repressed colon carcinoma progression via COL11A1 downregulation. These results offer new underlying targets for the accurate therapy of colon carcinoma patients.
{"title":"COL11A1 is Downregulated by miR-339-5p and Promotes Colon Carcinoma Progression","authors":"Weizhi Liu, Ke Meng","doi":"10.1155/2022/8116990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8116990","url":null,"abstract":"The roles of COL11A1 in cancer have been increasingly considered, but the understandings of the effects of COL11A1 on colon carcinoma progress are much limited yet. qRT-PCR and Western blot were utilized to evaluate COL11A1 expression at mRNA and protein levels, respectively, in colon carcinoma cell lines. Afterward, the tumorigenesis biological effects of COL11A1 were examined by CCK-8, colony formation, Transwell, and wound healing methods. Moreover, upstream miRNAs containing the binding sites with COL11A1 were predicted by the bioinformatics methods. The interplay between COL11A1 and miR-339-5p was identified by a dual-luciferase assay. COL11A1 expression was prominently upregulated in colon carcinoma cell lines relative to that in normal human colon mucosal epithelial cell lines, and it was related to tumor stages. The outcomes of in-vitro experiments suggested that interfering with COL11A1 remarkably repressed the malignant behaviors of SW480 and SW620 cells. MiR-339-5p was markedly lowly expressed in colon carcinoma cell lines. Furthermore, miR-339-5p directly targeted and negatively regulated COL11A1 expression. COL11A1 upregulation promoted colon carcinoma cell functions, while overexpressing miR-339-5p evidently attenuated the promotion. These results proved the modulation of the miR-339-5p/COL11A1 axis in colon carcinoma cells, and miR-339-5p repressed colon carcinoma progression via COL11A1 downregulation. These results offer new underlying targets for the accurate therapy of colon carcinoma patients.","PeriodicalId":48755,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75770629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaiyue Ji, Qi Zhang, W. Song, Tao Mao, Jing Guo, Congcong Min, Cuiping Zhang, Z. Tian, Xiaoyu Li
Gastric cancer (GC) as a serious global health problem is a threat to human longevity. Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) participates in the formation and progression of various cancers, including GC. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism underlying the functions of PVT1 and explore a novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of GC. Analysis of the TCGA dataset using the R software identified that the lncRNA PVT1 was greatly upregulated in GC tissues. Twenty pairs of GC and adjacent normal tissues were acquired from patients with GC, and the expression of PVT1 was evaluated using RT-qPCR. Furthermore, PVT1 expression was knocked down in GC cells using siRNA, and the GC cells were divided into control, negative control (NC), and siRNA groups. Cell proliferation ability was analyzed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and colony formation assays, whereas cell migration and invasion ability were investigated through wound healing and Transwell assays. Moreover, Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) proteins. We also found that PVT1 and YAP expressions were upregulated in the GC tissues compared with those in the adjacent nontumor tissues. Knockdown of PVT1 was found to inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration and promote apoptosis of GC cells. Furthermore, knockdown of PVT1 downregulated YAP and promoted phosphorylation of YAP, suggesting that PVT1 exerts actions on GC cells by targeting YAP and inhibits cell apoptosis in vitro. The EMT process was also inhibited by the knockdown of PVT1. In summary, lncRNA PVT1 facilitated cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and suppressed cell apoptosis by targeting YAP. This study suggests that the expressions of PVT1 and YAP could be used for the early detection of GC and the occurrence and development of GC could be inhibited by interfering the interaction of PVT1 and YAP, which will provide new insights for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of GC.
{"title":"LncRNA PVT1 Promotes Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration and Inhibits Cell Apoptosis by Phosphorylating YAP","authors":"Kaiyue Ji, Qi Zhang, W. Song, Tao Mao, Jing Guo, Congcong Min, Cuiping Zhang, Z. Tian, Xiaoyu Li","doi":"10.1155/2022/5332129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5332129","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric cancer (GC) as a serious global health problem is a threat to human longevity. Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) participates in the formation and progression of various cancers, including GC. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism underlying the functions of PVT1 and explore a novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of GC. Analysis of the TCGA dataset using the R software identified that the lncRNA PVT1 was greatly upregulated in GC tissues. Twenty pairs of GC and adjacent normal tissues were acquired from patients with GC, and the expression of PVT1 was evaluated using RT-qPCR. Furthermore, PVT1 expression was knocked down in GC cells using siRNA, and the GC cells were divided into control, negative control (NC), and siRNA groups. Cell proliferation ability was analyzed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and colony formation assays, whereas cell migration and invasion ability were investigated through wound healing and Transwell assays. Moreover, Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) proteins. We also found that PVT1 and YAP expressions were upregulated in the GC tissues compared with those in the adjacent nontumor tissues. Knockdown of PVT1 was found to inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration and promote apoptosis of GC cells. Furthermore, knockdown of PVT1 downregulated YAP and promoted phosphorylation of YAP, suggesting that PVT1 exerts actions on GC cells by targeting YAP and inhibits cell apoptosis in vitro. The EMT process was also inhibited by the knockdown of PVT1. In summary, lncRNA PVT1 facilitated cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and suppressed cell apoptosis by targeting YAP. This study suggests that the expressions of PVT1 and YAP could be used for the early detection of GC and the occurrence and development of GC could be inhibited by interfering the interaction of PVT1 and YAP, which will provide new insights for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of GC.","PeriodicalId":48755,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84064009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Yigezu, Juhar Temam, Mitiku Bajiro, Leta Tesfaye Jule, N. Nagaprasad, A. Roy, A. Saka, K. Ramaswamy
Background Hepatitis B is a severe, widespread infectious disease of the liver that affects millions of people around the world. It is one of the life-threatening liver infections caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV is the cause of up to 80% of cases of primary liver cancer. Due to the potential risk associated with HBV infection, it is important to study the factors which are associated with the seropositive volunteers. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with seropositivity for the hepatitis B virus among volunteers who donated blood at the Jimma Blood Bank in southern Ethiopia. Methods Cross-sectional research was conducted on blood donors who came to the Jimma Blood Bank to donate their blood. Three hundred and fifty-nine volunteer blood donors who arrived at the Jimma Blood Bank were investigated face-to-face in order to collect sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors for HBV infection. The data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 20.0. The association between the risk factor for HBV infection and HBV infection was determined using chi-square tests. Result In total, there were 359 participants; their mean age was 22.5, among which 161 (44.8%) were males. Out of 359 volunteers, 13 (3.6%) were seropositive for HBsAg. The test positivity rate among males was 7/198 (3.54%), while the rate among females was 6/161 (3.7%). More than 3/4 of those who tested positive were under the age of 40. Chi-square analysis showed that volunteers whose income was between 12 and 26.84 USD were less likely to have the infectious disease than those whose income was less than 11.84 USD per month (p=0.042). Conclusion The prevalence of HBV was found to be 3.6% among selected volunteers. It was found that, out of 20 volunteers, 13 had infection. Chi-square analysis showed that HBV infection was associated with low monthly income and the use of unsafe therapeutic injections.
{"title":"Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Hepatitis B among Volunteer Blood Donors at Jimma Blood Bank, South Ethiopia","authors":"H. Yigezu, Juhar Temam, Mitiku Bajiro, Leta Tesfaye Jule, N. Nagaprasad, A. Roy, A. Saka, K. Ramaswamy","doi":"10.1155/2022/7458747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7458747","url":null,"abstract":"Background Hepatitis B is a severe, widespread infectious disease of the liver that affects millions of people around the world. It is one of the life-threatening liver infections caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV is the cause of up to 80% of cases of primary liver cancer. Due to the potential risk associated with HBV infection, it is important to study the factors which are associated with the seropositive volunteers. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with seropositivity for the hepatitis B virus among volunteers who donated blood at the Jimma Blood Bank in southern Ethiopia. Methods Cross-sectional research was conducted on blood donors who came to the Jimma Blood Bank to donate their blood. Three hundred and fifty-nine volunteer blood donors who arrived at the Jimma Blood Bank were investigated face-to-face in order to collect sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors for HBV infection. The data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 20.0. The association between the risk factor for HBV infection and HBV infection was determined using chi-square tests. Result In total, there were 359 participants; their mean age was 22.5, among which 161 (44.8%) were males. Out of 359 volunteers, 13 (3.6%) were seropositive for HBsAg. The test positivity rate among males was 7/198 (3.54%), while the rate among females was 6/161 (3.7%). More than 3/4 of those who tested positive were under the age of 40. Chi-square analysis showed that volunteers whose income was between 12 and 26.84 USD were less likely to have the infectious disease than those whose income was less than 11.84 USD per month (p=0.042). Conclusion The prevalence of HBV was found to be 3.6% among selected volunteers. It was found that, out of 20 volunteers, 13 had infection. Chi-square analysis showed that HBV infection was associated with low monthly income and the use of unsafe therapeutic injections.","PeriodicalId":48755,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76165365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Jarmakiewicz-Czaja, A. Sokal, Piotr Pardak, R. Filip
Each year, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) disease increases. NAFLD is a chronic disease. One of the most common causes of NAFLD is an inadequate lifestyle, which is characterized by a lack or low physical activity and eating highly processed foods rich in saturated fat and salt and containing low amount of fiber. Moreover, disturbances in intestinal microbiome and the use of certain drugs may predispose to NAFLD. NAFLD is an increasingly described disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent data also indicate a frequent coexistence of metabolic syndrome in this group of patients. Certain groups of drugs also increase the risk of developing inflammation, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Particularly important in the development of NAFLD are steroids, which are used in the treatment of many diseases, for example, IBD. NAFLD is one of the most frequent parenteral manifestations of the disease in IBD patients. However, there is still insufficient information on what dose and exposure time of selected types of steroids may lead to the development of NAFLD. It is necessary to conduct further research in this direction. Therefore, patients with IBD should be constantly monitored for risk factors for the development of NAFLD.
{"title":"Glucocorticosteroids and the Risk of NAFLD in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","authors":"Sara Jarmakiewicz-Czaja, A. Sokal, Piotr Pardak, R. Filip","doi":"10.1155/2022/4344905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4344905","url":null,"abstract":"Each year, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) disease increases. NAFLD is a chronic disease. One of the most common causes of NAFLD is an inadequate lifestyle, which is characterized by a lack or low physical activity and eating highly processed foods rich in saturated fat and salt and containing low amount of fiber. Moreover, disturbances in intestinal microbiome and the use of certain drugs may predispose to NAFLD. NAFLD is an increasingly described disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent data also indicate a frequent coexistence of metabolic syndrome in this group of patients. Certain groups of drugs also increase the risk of developing inflammation, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Particularly important in the development of NAFLD are steroids, which are used in the treatment of many diseases, for example, IBD. NAFLD is one of the most frequent parenteral manifestations of the disease in IBD patients. However, there is still insufficient information on what dose and exposure time of selected types of steroids may lead to the development of NAFLD. It is necessary to conduct further research in this direction. Therefore, patients with IBD should be constantly monitored for risk factors for the development of NAFLD.","PeriodicalId":48755,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78468707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhen‐jie Zhou, Junfang Yi, Qiang Li, Wei Hu, Guangshun Chen, Z. Si, Jiequn Li
Objectives Factors prognostic of survival in liver transplant (LT) recipients with hepatitis B virus related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) remain unclear. This study evaluated risk factors for survival in LT recipients with HBV-ACLF and determined the scoring system optimal for assessing patient prognosis. Methods This retrospective study included 323 HBV-ACLF related patients undergoing LT, including 112, 146, and 65 patients with HBV-ACLF grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Overall survival (OS) was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method, and factors associated with survival were analysed by multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Pretransplant prognostic scoring systems were compared by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results The one-year survival rate was significantly lower in HBV-ACLF grade 3 (80.0%) than in grades 1 (93.8%) and 2 (91.8%) recipients (p=0.0063). Cox multivariate analysis showed that age >53 years (hazard ratio (HR) 3.731; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.640–8.407), WBC count >8.6 × 109/L (HR 4.544; 95% CI 1.140–18.107), HBV-ACLF 3 (HR 2.729; 95% CI 1.050–7.096), and cold ischaemia time >8.5 hours (HR 2.867; 95% CI, 1.38–5.921) were independently prognostic of 1-year survival. Comparisons of pretransplant scoring systems showed that chronic liver failure-consortium ACLF score (CLIF-C ACLFs) was superior to COSSH-ACLF, MELD-Na, and MELD scores in predicting 1-year OS in these patients. Conclusions Age >53 years, WBC counts >8.6 × 109/L, HBV-ACLF grade 3, and cold ischaemia time >8.5 hours are independently prognostic of OS in LT recipients with HBV-ACLF. CLIF-C ACLFs is superior to other scoring methods in predicting 1-year OS in these patients.
{"title":"Factors Prognostic of Survival in Liver Transplant Recipients with Hepatitis B Virus Related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure","authors":"Zhen‐jie Zhou, Junfang Yi, Qiang Li, Wei Hu, Guangshun Chen, Z. Si, Jiequn Li","doi":"10.1155/2022/6390809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6390809","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives Factors prognostic of survival in liver transplant (LT) recipients with hepatitis B virus related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) remain unclear. This study evaluated risk factors for survival in LT recipients with HBV-ACLF and determined the scoring system optimal for assessing patient prognosis. Methods This retrospective study included 323 HBV-ACLF related patients undergoing LT, including 112, 146, and 65 patients with HBV-ACLF grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Overall survival (OS) was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method, and factors associated with survival were analysed by multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Pretransplant prognostic scoring systems were compared by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results The one-year survival rate was significantly lower in HBV-ACLF grade 3 (80.0%) than in grades 1 (93.8%) and 2 (91.8%) recipients (p=0.0063). Cox multivariate analysis showed that age >53 years (hazard ratio (HR) 3.731; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.640–8.407), WBC count >8.6 × 109/L (HR 4.544; 95% CI 1.140–18.107), HBV-ACLF 3 (HR 2.729; 95% CI 1.050–7.096), and cold ischaemia time >8.5 hours (HR 2.867; 95% CI, 1.38–5.921) were independently prognostic of 1-year survival. Comparisons of pretransplant scoring systems showed that chronic liver failure-consortium ACLF score (CLIF-C ACLFs) was superior to COSSH-ACLF, MELD-Na, and MELD scores in predicting 1-year OS in these patients. Conclusions Age >53 years, WBC counts >8.6 × 109/L, HBV-ACLF grade 3, and cold ischaemia time >8.5 hours are independently prognostic of OS in LT recipients with HBV-ACLF. CLIF-C ACLFs is superior to other scoring methods in predicting 1-year OS in these patients.","PeriodicalId":48755,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72607041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jin-Xing Zhang, Yu-Xing Chen, Chun-gao Zhou, Jin Liu, Sheng Liu, Hai-bin Shi, Q. Zu
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with immune checkpoint inhibition (camrelizumab) plus an antiangiogenic agent (apatinib) for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Between March 2019 and April 2021, the clinical data of 38 patients diagnosed with advanced HCC who initially received TACE combined with camrelizumab plus apatinib were reviewed retrospectively. The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) according to modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated. Results At 2-3 months after initial therapy, the ORR and DCR was 50.0% (19/38) and 76.3% (29/38), respectively. The median PFS and OS were 7.3 months (range: 1.0–22.6 months) and 13.5 months (range: 2.3–24.3 months), respectively. Treatment-related AEs (grades 3-4) were observed in 25 patients (67.8%). No treatment-related deaths occurred. Conclusion The combination of TACE with camrelizumab plus apatinib for the treatment of patients with advanced HCC showed promising efficacy and a manageable safety profile.
{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of Transarterial Chemoembolization with Camrelizumab plus Apatinib for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study of 38 Patients from a Single Center","authors":"Jin-Xing Zhang, Yu-Xing Chen, Chun-gao Zhou, Jin Liu, Sheng Liu, Hai-bin Shi, Q. Zu","doi":"10.1155/2022/7982118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7982118","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with immune checkpoint inhibition (camrelizumab) plus an antiangiogenic agent (apatinib) for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Between March 2019 and April 2021, the clinical data of 38 patients diagnosed with advanced HCC who initially received TACE combined with camrelizumab plus apatinib were reviewed retrospectively. The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) according to modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated. Results At 2-3 months after initial therapy, the ORR and DCR was 50.0% (19/38) and 76.3% (29/38), respectively. The median PFS and OS were 7.3 months (range: 1.0–22.6 months) and 13.5 months (range: 2.3–24.3 months), respectively. Treatment-related AEs (grades 3-4) were observed in 25 patients (67.8%). No treatment-related deaths occurred. Conclusion The combination of TACE with camrelizumab plus apatinib for the treatment of patients with advanced HCC showed promising efficacy and a manageable safety profile.","PeriodicalId":48755,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74747723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao-yu Liu, Zi-Wei Li, Bing Kang, Yu-Xi Cheng, W. Tao, Bin Zhang, Hua Zhang, Zhengqiang Wei, D. Peng
Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of preoperative waiting time on the short-term outcomes and prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 3744 CRC patients who underwent primary CRC surgery at a single clinical medical center from Jan 2011 to Jan 2020. The baseline information, short-term outcomes, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared among the short-waiting group, the intermediate-waiting group, and the long-waiting group. Results A total of 3744 eligible CRC patients were enrolled for analysis. There were no significant differences in all of the baseline information and short-term outcomes among the three groups. In multivariate analysis, older age (OS: p=0.000, HR = 1.947, 95% CI = 1.631–2.324; DFS: p=0.000, HR = 1.693, 95% CI = 1.445–1.983), advanced clinical stage (OS: p=0.000, HR = 1.301, 95% CI = 1.161–1.457; DFS: p=0.000, HR = 1.262, 95% CI = 1.139–1.400), overall complications (OS: p=0.000, HR = 1.613, 95% CI = 1.303–1.895; DFS: p=0.000, HR = 1.560, 95% CI = 1.312–1.855), and major complications (OS: p=0.001, HR = 1.812, 95% CI = 1.338–2.945; DFS: p=0.006, HR = 1.647, 95% CI = 1.153–2.352) were independent factors of OS and DFS. In addition, no significant difference was found in all stages (OS, p=0.203; DFS, p=0.108), stage I (OS, p=0.419; DFS, p=0.579), stage II (OS, p=0.465; DFS, p=0.385), or stage III (OS, p=0.539; DFS, p=0.259) in terms of OS and DFS among the three groups. Conclusion Preoperative waiting time did not affect the short-term outcomes or prognosis in CRC patients.
目的本研究旨在分析术前等待时间对结直肠癌(CRC)患者近期预后的影响。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2020年1月在单一临床医疗中心接受原发性结直肠癌手术的3744例结直肠癌患者。比较短时间等待组、中间等待组和长时间等待组的基线信息、短期结局、总生存期(OS)和无病生存期(DFS)。结果共纳入3744例符合条件的结直肠癌患者。三组患者的所有基线信息和短期结果均无显著差异。多因素分析中，年龄较大(OS: p=0.000, HR = 1.947, 95% CI = 1.631-2.324;DFS: p=0.000, HR = 1.693, 95% CI = 1.445 ~ 1.983)、临床晚期(OS: p=0.000, HR = 1.301, 95% CI = 1.161 ~ 1.457;DFS: p = 0.000, HR = 1.262, 95% CI = 1.139 - -1.400),总体并发症(OS: p = 0.000, HR = 1.613, 95% CI = 1.303 - -1.895;DFS: p=0.000, HR = 1.560, 95% CI = 1.312-1.855)和主要并发症(OS: p=0.001, HR = 1.812, 95% CI = 1.338-2.945;DFS: p=0.006, HR = 1.647, 95% CI = 1.153 ~ 2.352)是影响OS和DFS的独立因素。此外，各组间比较差异无统计学意义(OS, p=0.203;DFS, p=0.108)， I期(OS, p=0.419;DFS, p=0.579)， II期(OS, p=0.465;DFS, p=0.385)或III期(OS, p=0.539;DFS, p=0.259)。结论术前等待时间对结直肠癌患者的短期预后及预后无影响。
{"title":"Does Preoperative Waiting Time Affect the Short-Term Outcomes and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer Patients? A Retrospective Study from the West of China","authors":"Xiao-yu Liu, Zi-Wei Li, Bing Kang, Yu-Xi Cheng, W. Tao, Bin Zhang, Hua Zhang, Zhengqiang Wei, D. Peng","doi":"10.1155/2022/8235736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8235736","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of preoperative waiting time on the short-term outcomes and prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 3744 CRC patients who underwent primary CRC surgery at a single clinical medical center from Jan 2011 to Jan 2020. The baseline information, short-term outcomes, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared among the short-waiting group, the intermediate-waiting group, and the long-waiting group. Results A total of 3744 eligible CRC patients were enrolled for analysis. There were no significant differences in all of the baseline information and short-term outcomes among the three groups. In multivariate analysis, older age (OS: p=0.000, HR = 1.947, 95% CI = 1.631–2.324; DFS: p=0.000, HR = 1.693, 95% CI = 1.445–1.983), advanced clinical stage (OS: p=0.000, HR = 1.301, 95% CI = 1.161–1.457; DFS: p=0.000, HR = 1.262, 95% CI = 1.139–1.400), overall complications (OS: p=0.000, HR = 1.613, 95% CI = 1.303–1.895; DFS: p=0.000, HR = 1.560, 95% CI = 1.312–1.855), and major complications (OS: p=0.001, HR = 1.812, 95% CI = 1.338–2.945; DFS: p=0.006, HR = 1.647, 95% CI = 1.153–2.352) were independent factors of OS and DFS. In addition, no significant difference was found in all stages (OS, p=0.203; DFS, p=0.108), stage I (OS, p=0.419; DFS, p=0.579), stage II (OS, p=0.465; DFS, p=0.385), or stage III (OS, p=0.539; DFS, p=0.259) in terms of OS and DFS among the three groups. Conclusion Preoperative waiting time did not affect the short-term outcomes or prognosis in CRC patients.","PeriodicalId":48755,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77681372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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