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Bayesian Network Demand-Forecasting Model Based on Modified Particle Swarm Optimization 基于改进粒子群优化的贝叶斯网络需求预测模型
IF 2.7 4区 综合性期刊 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.3390/app131810088
Shebiao Hu, Kun Li
With the increasing variety of products, the increasing substitutability of products, and the trend of customized products, the volatility of market demand is increasing, which poses a challenge to make accurate demand forecasting. The Bayesian method is particularly promising and appealing when the data fluctuate greatly. This paper proposes a product-demand forecasting model based on multilayer Bayesian network, which introduces hidden layer variables and volatility factors to meet the time series connection and volatility of the demand data. However, most studies use sampling methods to estimate the parameters. We use Bayesian maximum a posteriori estimation to estimate the model parameters and introduce an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm (MPSO) to optimize the objective function. In order to increase the diversity of the particle population and accelerate the convergence, an adaptive particle velocity, position updating strategy, and nonlinear changing inertia weight are introduced in the algorithm. Finally, RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) and MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) are used as the evaluation criterion to conduct experiments on six different datasets, and the experimental results are compared with the results of the ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average model) method and PSO algorithm. The experimental results show that the method has a good prediction effect. It provides a new idea for demand forecasting in the supply chain.
随着产品种类的增加、产品可替代性的提高以及定制化产品的趋势,市场需求的波动性越来越大,这对准确的需求预测提出了挑战。当数据波动很大时,贝叶斯方法特别有前景和吸引力。本文提出了一种基于多层贝叶斯网络的产品需求预测模型,该模型引入了隐层变量和波动因子,以满足需求数据的时间序列连接和波动性。然而,大多数研究使用抽样方法来估计参数。我们使用贝叶斯最大后验估计来估计模型参数,并引入一种改进的粒子群优化算法(MPSO)来优化目标函数。为了增加粒子群的多样性并加速收敛,在算法中引入了自适应粒子速度、位置更新策略和非线性变化惯性权重。最后,以均方根误差(RMSE)和平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)为评价标准,在六个不同的数据集上进行了实验,并将实验结果与ARIMA(自回归综合移动平均模型)方法和PSO算法的结果进行了比较。实验结果表明,该方法具有良好的预测效果。它为供应链中的需求预测提供了一种新的思路。
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引用次数: 0
Research on Conditions and Influence Factors of an Acoustic Wave Acting as a Plane Wave in Tire Acoustic Cavity 轮胎声腔中声波作为平面波作用的条件及影响因素研究
IF 2.7 4区 综合性期刊 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.3390/app131810078
Xiaojun Hu, Xiandong Liu, Yingchun Shan, Tian He
Tire acoustic cavity resonance noise (TACRN) contributes significantly to the interior noise of electric cars and passenger cars with lower powertrain noise, which affects the comfort of the ride. To suppress TACRN effectively, it is crucial to clarify the characteristics of TACRN. In previous studies, the acoustic wave in the tire acoustic cavity is straightforwardly assumed to be the plane wave for convenience. In fact, there exist strict conditions for the acoustic wave propagating in the pipeline to act as a plane wave. The aim of this paper is to make the characteristics and evolution of acoustic waves in tire acoustic cavities clear. To do so, a simplified model of the tire cavity is established, and the sound field distribution and the acoustic wave propagation characteristics in the tire cavity are analyzed based on the theory of acoustic waveguide. Then, the existence ranges of higher-order waves (non-plane waves), the conditions of an acoustic wave evolving into a plane wave, and the frequency range of a plane wave are investigated. Finally, the characteristics and evolution law of an acoustic wave in a tire acoustic cavity are obtained. The work in this paper may deepen the understanding of the characteristics and mechanism of acoustic waves in the tire cavity and be helpful and meaningful for analyzing and suppressing TACRN. Therefore, it is of practical significance to reduce TACRN transmitted to the vehicle and improve the sound quality inside the vehicle.
轮胎声腔共振噪声(TACRN)对电动汽车和动力总成噪声较低的乘用车的内部噪声有很大影响,从而影响乘坐的舒适性。为了有效抑制TACRN,阐明TACRN的特性至关重要。在以前的研究中,为了方便起见,直接将轮胎声腔内的声波假设为平面波。事实上,在管道中传播的声波作为平面波存在严格的条件。本文的目的是弄清轮胎声腔中声波的特征和演变过程。为此,建立了轮胎空腔的简化模型,并基于声波导理论分析了轮胎空腔中的声场分布和声波传播特性。然后,研究了高阶波(非平面波)的存在范围、声波演化为平面波的条件以及平面波的频率范围。最后,得到了轮胎声腔中声波的特性和演化规律。本文的工作有助于加深对轮胎胎腔声波特性和机理的理解,对分析和抑制TACRN有一定的帮助和意义。因此,减少传输到车内的TACRN,提高车内音质具有重要的现实意义。
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引用次数: 1
An Identification Method of Feature Interpretation for Melanoma Using Machine Learning 一种基于机器学习的黑色素瘤特征解释识别方法
IF 2.7 4区 综合性期刊 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.3390/app131810076
Zhenwei Li, Qing Ji, Xiaoli Yang, Yu Zhou, Shulong Zhi
Melanoma is a fatal skin cancer that can be treated efficiently with early detection. There is a pressing need for dependable computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems to address this concern effectively. In this work, a melanoma identification method with feature interpretation was designed. The method included preprocessing, feature extraction, feature ranking, and classification. Initially, image quality was improved through preprocessing and k-means segmentation was used to identify the lesion area. The texture, color, and shape features of this region were then extracted. These features were further refined through feature recursive elimination (RFE) to optimize them for the classifiers. The classifiers, including support vector machine (SVM) with four kernels, logistic regression (LR), and Gaussian naive Bayes (GaussianNB) were applied. Additionally, cross-validation and 100 randomized experiments were designed to guarantee the generalization of the model. The experiments generated explainable feature importance rankings, and importantly, the model demonstrated robust performance across diverse datasets.
黑色素瘤是一种致命的皮肤癌,早期发现可以有效治疗。迫切需要可靠的计算机辅助诊断(CAD)系统来有效解决这一问题。本文设计了一种基于特征解释的黑色素瘤识别方法。该方法包括预处理、特征提取、特征排序和分类。首先,通过预处理提高图像质量,并使用k-means分割来识别病变区域。然后提取该区域的纹理、颜色和形状特征。这些特征通过特征递归消除(RFE)进一步细化,以优化它们的分类器。分类器包括四核支持向量机(SVM)、逻辑回归(LR)和高斯朴素贝叶斯(GaussianNB)。此外,为了保证模型的泛化,还设计了交叉验证和100个随机实验。实验生成了可解释的特征重要性排名,重要的是,该模型在不同的数据集上表现出稳健的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Advancing Nanoscale Communication: Unveiling the Potential of Terahertz and Molecular Communication 推进纳米级通信:揭示太赫兹和分子通信的潜力
IF 2.7 4区 综合性期刊 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.3390/app131810085
Pankaj Singh, Sung-Yoon Jung
In recent years, advancements in nanotechnology have opened up new frontiers in communication systems, bringing the dream of seamless communication at the nanoscale level closer to reality [...]
近年来,纳米技术的进步开辟了通信系统的新领域,使纳米级无缝通信的梦想更接近现实[…]
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引用次数: 0
Diagnosis of Citrus Greening Based on the Fusion of Visible and Near-Infrared Spectra 基于可见光谱与近红外光谱融合的柑橘绿色化诊断
IF 2.7 4区 综合性期刊 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.3390/app131810082
H. Xiao, Yang Liu, Yande Liu, Hui Xiao, Liwei Sun, Yong Hao
A disease, known as citrus greening, is a major threat to the citrus industry. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of rapid detection and improving the identification accuracy of citrus greening with visible and near-infrared spectra under spectral fusion. After we obtained the spectra of the collected citrus leaves and used the polymerase chain reaction for part of them, five types of samples were sorted out: slight, moderate, serious, nutrient deficiency, and normal. This study of spectral fusion was conducted on three levels as spectral data, characteristic, and model decision, and the identification capacity was tested using prediction samples. It was found that the effect of a least squares support vector machine model for feature-level fusion based on principal component analysis presented the best performance, while in the Lin_Kernel function; the accuracy was 100%, penalty coefficient γ was 0.09, and operation time was 0.66 s. It is better than the single spectral discriminant model. The results showed that the fusion of visible and near-infrared spectra was feasible for the nondestructive detection of citrus greening disease. This method is of great significance for the healthy development of the citrus industry, and provides important reference value for the application of spectral fusion in other fields.
一种被称为柑橘绿化的疾病是对柑橘产业的主要威胁。本研究的目的是研究在光谱融合的情况下,利用可见光和近红外光谱快速检测和提高柑橘绿化鉴定准确性的可行性。在我们获得收集到的柑橘叶片的光谱并使用聚合酶链式反应对其中的一部分进行检测后,我们将其分为五类:轻度、中度、严重、营养缺乏和正常。本文从光谱数据、特征和模型决策三个层面对光谱融合进行了研究,并使用预测样本测试了识别能力。研究发现,基于主成分分析的最小二乘支持向量机模型在特征级融合中的效果最好,而在Lin_ Kernel函数中;准确率为100%,惩罚系数γ为0.09,操作时间为0.66s,优于单谱判别模型。结果表明,可见光谱与近红外光谱的融合方法可用于柑橘绿化病害的无损检测。该方法对柑橘产业的健康发展具有重要意义,对光谱融合在其他领域的应用具有重要参考价值。
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引用次数: 0
Recent Trends and Progress in Corrosion Inhibitors and Electrochemical Evaluation 缓蚀剂及其电化学评价的最新趋势与进展
IF 2.7 4区 综合性期刊 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.3390/app131810107
K. Bijapur, Vandana Molahalli, Apoorva Shetty, A. Toghan, Paola De Padova, G. Hegde
Science and engineering research studies are currently concentrating on synthesizing, designing, producing, and consuming ecologically benign chemical species to replace harmful chemicals. This is due to the increasing demands of conservation knowledge and strict ecological regulations. Numerous environmentally friendly substitutes produced from natural resources, including biopolymers, plant extracts, chemical pharmaceuticals (drugs), and so on, are now frequently used as inhibitors to replace dangerous corrosion inhibitors. Many compounds have been extensively used. A range of methods, including physisorption, chemisorption, barrier protection, thin-film growth, and electrochemical procedures, will be used to provide corrosion resistance. The various kinds of corrosion inhibitors (CIs), the mechanisms underlying inhibition, and the evaluation procedures have all been covered in-depth. This review provides an overview of the relevant literature in which researchers and scientists used different types of CIs, the effect of CIs on metals, and information about designs and mechanisms used to minimize corrosion in a variety of equipment composed of alloys or metals, along with electrochemical evaluation studies. This review will provide scholars with fresh insights to advance the discipline.
科学和工程研究目前集中在合成、设计、生产和消费生态良性化学物质以取代有害化学物质。这是由于对保护知识和严格的生态法规的需求不断增加。从自然资源中生产的许多环保替代品,包括生物聚合物、植物提取物、化学药品(药物)等,现在经常被用作抑制剂,以取代危险的缓蚀剂。许多化合物已被广泛使用。一系列方法,包括物理吸附、化学吸附、屏障保护、薄膜生长和电化学程序,将用于提供耐腐蚀性。各种缓蚀剂(CI)、缓蚀机理和评估程序都有深入的介绍。这篇综述概述了研究人员和科学家使用不同类型CI的相关文献、CI对金属的影响、用于最大限度地减少合金或金属组成的各种设备中腐蚀的设计和机制的信息,以及电化学评估研究。这篇综述将为学者们推进这一学科提供新的见解。
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引用次数: 2
Mycotoxin Level in Winter Wheat Grain as Impacted by Nitrogen and Manganese Fertilisation 氮锰施肥对冬小麦籽粒真菌毒素水平的影响
IF 2.7 4区 综合性期刊 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.3390/app131810086
A. Stępień, K. Wojtkowiak, B. Cwalina-Ambroziak, A. Waśkiewicz
A field experiment with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation was conducted at the Research and Education Centre in Tomaszkowo, Poland (53°72′ N; 20°42′ E) in the years 2013–2016. Fertilisation with nitrogen at 150 and 200 kg ha−1 and foliar application of manganese at 0.5 and 1.5 kg ha−1 were the research factors. Wheat infestation by Fusarium spp. was determined by the habitat conditions during crop growth. Neither nitrogen nor manganese fertilisation affected the presence of Fusarium spp. symptoms on wheat ears, but the infestation intensity decreased with increasing nitrogen and manganese content in the grain. Only the level of deoxynivalenol (DON) was correlated with Fusarium spp. infestation. Increasing the nitrogen fertilisation rate from 150 kg ha−1 to 200 kg ha−1 resulted in higher grain contamination with toxins. Supplementation of nitrogen fertilisation with manganese reduced the number of mycotoxins in wheat grain. The grain yield was mainly affected by the varied weather conditions during the wheat-growing periods. Neither nitrogen nor manganese fertilisation differentiated the wheat grain yield. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of the weather conditions and nitrogen and manganese fertilisation on the grain yield, occurrence of Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin level in winter wheat grain.
2013-2016年,在波兰托马什科沃(北纬53°72′;东经20°42′)的研究与教育中心进行了冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)栽培的田间试验。150和200 kg ha−1的氮施肥以及0.5和1.5 kg ha−2的锰叶面施用是研究因素。镰刀菌对小麦的侵扰是由作物生长过程中的栖息地条件决定的。氮和锰施肥都不影响镰刀菌的存在。小麦穗上的症状,但虫害强度随着籽粒中氮和锰含量的增加而降低。只有脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)水平与镰刀菌感染有关。将氮肥施肥率从150 kg ha−1增加到200 kg ha−2会导致粮食受到更高的毒素污染。用锰补充氮肥可以减少小麦籽粒中真菌毒素的数量。小麦产量主要受小麦生长期不同天气条件的影响。施氮和施锰均不影响小麦产量。本研究的目的是研究天气条件和氮锰施肥对冬小麦产量、镰刀菌枯萎病发生和真菌毒素水平的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Use of Carbon and Basalt Fibers with Adhesives to Improve Physical and Mechanical Properties of Laminated Veneer Lumber 碳和玄武岩纤维与胶粘剂的结合改善单板层压木材的物理机械性能
IF 2.7 4区 综合性期刊 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/app131810032
Mario Núñez-Decap, Bárbara Sandoval-Valderrama, Camila Opazo-Carlsson, Boris Moya-Rojas, Marcela Vidal-Vega, A. Opazo-Vega
Climate change is one of the main factors influencing the research of environmentally friendly materials. This is why the use of engineering fibers as a reinforcement technique in wood, in order to increase its mechanical properties, has recently been investigated. This research presents the results obtained from the use of carbon and basalt fiber fabrics as a reinforcement for microlaminated Radiata Pine wood panels at a laboratory scale using the adhesives epoxy resin and polyvinyl acetate. Tests were carried out in comparison to the control boards, relating the physical properties obtained in terms of thickness swelling by 48 h-water immersion with a decrease of 19% for the polyvinyl acetate and carbon fiber matrix reinforcement, about the mechanical properties evaluated, a better performance was obtained for the epoxy resin and carbon fiber matrix reinforcement and in terms of flexural stiffness and strength (in flatwise), tensile strength and Janka hardness, with an increment of 31%, 38%, 56% and 41%, respectively.
气候变化是影响环保材料研究的主要因素之一。这就是为什么最近研究了使用工程纤维作为木材的加固技术,以增加其机械性能。本研究展示了使用碳和玄武岩纤维织物在实验室规模上使用粘合剂环氧树脂和聚醋酸乙烯酯作为微层压辐射松木板的增强剂所获得的结果。与控制板进行了对比试验,对比了聚氯乙烯和碳纤维基体增强板在48 h水浸泡下厚度膨胀的物理性能,减少了19%;对比了机械性能,环氧树脂和碳纤维基体增强板在抗弯刚度和强度(平面)、抗拉强度和Janka硬度方面的性能更好。增幅分别为31%、38%、56%和41%。
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引用次数: 0
Special Issue on Potentially Toxic Trace Elements in Contaminated Sites: Fate, Risk and Remediation 污染场地中潜在有毒微量元素:命运、风险和补救
IF 2.7 4区 综合性期刊 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/app131810034
E. Pavoni, Beatrice Campanella, A. Acquavita
The occurrence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs, including As, Cd, Hg and Pb) of both anthropogenic and natural origin in the environment represents an issue of global concern, leading to a general decline in environmental quality in both continental and aquatic systems [...]
环境中出现人为和自然来源的潜在有毒元素(pte,包括砷、镉、汞和铅)是一个全球关注的问题,导致大陆和水生系统的环境质量普遍下降[…]
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of Earth’s Central Angle Threshold and Measurement Model Construction Method for Pose and Attitude Solution Based on Aircraft Scene Matching 基于飞机场景匹配的地球中心角阈值估计及姿态解算测量模型构建方法
IF 2.7 4区 综合性期刊 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/app131810051
Haiqiao Liu, Zichao Gong, Taixin Liu, Jing Dong
To address the challenge of solving aircraft’s visual navigation results using scene matching, this paper introduces the spherical EPnP positioning posture-solving method, which incorporates the threshold value for the central angle and the construction of a measurement model. The detailed steps are as follows: Firstly, the positioning coordinate model of the Earth’s surface is constructed to ensure the expression of the three-dimensional coordinates of the Earth’s surface. The positioning is then solved by employing the EPnP positioning posture-solving algorithm on the constructed data model. Secondly, by comparing and analyzing the positioning posture values of approximate plane coordinates, the critical value is determined, which serves as a reference for plane calculations. Lastly, a theoretical measurement model for visual height and central angle is constructed, taking into account the decided central angle threshold value. The simulation experiment demonstrates that using spherical coordinates as input results in an average positioning precision that is 16.42 percent higher compared to using plane coordinates as input. When the central angle is less than 0.5 degrees and the surface area is smaller than 558502 square meters, the positioning precision of plane coordinates is comparable to that of spherical coordinates. In such instances, the sphere can be approximated as flat. The findings of this study provide important theoretical guidance for further research on scene-matching positioning posture solving. These results hold significant implications for both theoretical research and engineering applications.
为了解决使用场景匹配求解飞机视觉导航结果的挑战,本文介绍了球形EPnP定位姿态求解方法,该方法结合了中心角的阈值和测量模型的构建。具体步骤如下:首先,构建地表定位坐标模型,保证地表三维坐标的表达。然后通过在所构建的数据模型上采用EPnP定位姿势求解算法来求解定位。其次,通过比较分析近似平面坐标的定位姿态值,确定了临界值,为平面计算提供参考。最后,在考虑所确定的中心角阈值的情况下,建立了视觉高度和中心角的理论测量模型。仿真实验表明,使用球面坐标作为输入的平均定位精度比使用平面坐标作为输入高16.42%。当中心角小于0.5度,表面积小于558502平方米时,平面坐标的定位精度与球面坐标相当。在这种情况下,球体可以近似为平面。本研究的发现为场景匹配定位姿态求解的进一步研究提供了重要的理论指导。这些结果对理论研究和工程应用都具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
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