Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-01
V. Kuklin
The paper considers the instability of intense Langmuir oscillations in nonisothermal (Zakharov's model) and cold (Silin's model) 1D plasma. The main attention is paid to the formation of plasma density caverns in the hydrodynamic and hybrid (electrons are described hydrodynamically, ions are described by model particles) representations. In the hydrodynamic representation, with a small number of spectrum modes, large-scale plasma density caverns are observed, which rapidly deepen. This process is supported by the appearance of small-scale perturbations, and phase synchronization of the Langmuir waves of the instability spectrum is observed. This phase synchronization of the spectrum modes is quite capable of fulfilling the role that was previously proposed to be given exclusively to the effect of extrusion of particles from the cavity by the field. In hybrid models, in the region of consideration, ions are described by model particles, the number of which in the one-dimensional case 104-5*105 (which in the three-dimensional case corresponds to the number of particles 1012-1014). The initial spectrum of perturbations is very wide and rather intense, which leads to an explosive growth of perturbations in the Zakharov model and a rapid development of instability in the Silin model. In this case, in the developed instability regime, the formation of many small-scale plasma density caverns is observed. It is the presence of this small-scale modulation due to the Fermi effect that quickly forms the normal distribution of ions over velocities. In this case, the effect of particle heating due to Landau damping loses its primacy. It is shown that the caverns practically do not change their position; phase changes for the spectral components of the plasma density were not observed. Only individual small-scale caverns demonstrate dynamics similar to the development of caverns in the hydrodynamic representation.
{"title":"On the Mechanisms of Formation of Density Cavities under Instability of Intense Langmuir Oscillations in a Plasma","authors":"V. Kuklin","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-01","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the instability of intense Langmuir oscillations in nonisothermal (Zakharov's model) and cold (Silin's model) 1D plasma. The main attention is paid to the formation of plasma density caverns in the hydrodynamic and hybrid (electrons are described hydrodynamically, ions are described by model particles) representations. In the hydrodynamic representation, with a small number of spectrum modes, large-scale plasma density caverns are observed, which rapidly deepen. This process is supported by the appearance of small-scale perturbations, and phase synchronization of the Langmuir waves of the instability spectrum is observed. This phase synchronization of the spectrum modes is quite capable of fulfilling the role that was previously proposed to be given exclusively to the effect of extrusion of particles from the cavity by the field. In hybrid models, in the region of consideration, ions are described by model particles, the number of which in the one-dimensional case 104-5*105 (which in the three-dimensional case corresponds to the number of particles 1012-1014). The initial spectrum of perturbations is very wide and rather intense, which leads to an explosive growth of perturbations in the Zakharov model and a rapid development of instability in the Silin model. In this case, in the developed instability regime, the formation of many small-scale plasma density caverns is observed. It is the presence of this small-scale modulation due to the Fermi effect that quickly forms the normal distribution of ions over velocities. In this case, the effect of particle heating due to Landau damping loses its primacy. It is shown that the caverns practically do not change their position; phase changes for the spectral components of the plasma density were not observed. Only individual small-scale caverns demonstrate dynamics similar to the development of caverns in the hydrodynamic representation.","PeriodicalId":48765,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89508572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-11
Noura Mahdi, N. Bakr
In this work, sodium-doped copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) thin films are prepared by depositing them on glass substrates at temperature of (400±10) °C and thickness of (350±10) nm using Chemical Spray Pyrolysis (CSP) technique. 0.02 M of copper chloride dihydrate (CuCl2.2H2O), 0.01 M of zinc chloride (ZnCl2), 0.01 M of tin chloride dihydrate (SnCl2.2H2O), and 0.16 M of thiourea (SC(NH2)2) were used as sources of copper, zinc, tin, and sulphur ions respectively. Sodium chloride (NaCl) at different volumetric ratios of (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9) % was used as a dopant source. The solution is sprayed on glass substrates. XRD diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, FESEM, UV-Vis-NIR, and Hall effect techniques were used to investigate the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the produced films. The XRD diffraction results revealed that all films are polycrystalline, with a tetragonal structure and a preferential orientation along the (112) plane. The crystallite size of all films was estimated using Scherrer's method, and it was found that the crystallite size decreases as the doping ratio increases. The FESEM results revealed the existence of cauliflower-shaped nanoparticles. The optical energy band gap was demonstrated to have a value ranging from 1.6 to 1.51 eV with a high absorption coefficient (α ≥104 cm-1) in the visible region of the spectrum. Hall measurements showed that the conductivity of CZTS thin films with various Na doping ratios have p-type electrical conductivity, and it increases as the Na doping ratio increases.
{"title":"Effect of Na Doping on Some Physical Properties of Chemically Sprayed CZTS Thin Films","authors":"Noura Mahdi, N. Bakr","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-11","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, sodium-doped copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) thin films are prepared by depositing them on glass substrates at temperature of (400±10) °C and thickness of (350±10) nm using Chemical Spray Pyrolysis (CSP) technique. 0.02 M of copper chloride dihydrate (CuCl2.2H2O), 0.01 M of zinc chloride (ZnCl2), 0.01 M of tin chloride dihydrate (SnCl2.2H2O), and 0.16 M of thiourea (SC(NH2)2) were used as sources of copper, zinc, tin, and sulphur ions respectively. Sodium chloride (NaCl) at different volumetric ratios of (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9) % was used as a dopant source. The solution is sprayed on glass substrates. XRD diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, FESEM, UV-Vis-NIR, and Hall effect techniques were used to investigate the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the produced films. The XRD diffraction results revealed that all films are polycrystalline, with a tetragonal structure and a preferential orientation along the (112) plane. The crystallite size of all films was estimated using Scherrer's method, and it was found that the crystallite size decreases as the doping ratio increases. The FESEM results revealed the existence of cauliflower-shaped nanoparticles. The optical energy band gap was demonstrated to have a value ranging from 1.6 to 1.51 eV with a high absorption coefficient (α ≥104 cm-1) in the visible region of the spectrum. Hall measurements showed that the conductivity of CZTS thin films with various Na doping ratios have p-type electrical conductivity, and it increases as the Na doping ratio increases.","PeriodicalId":48765,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84821623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-07
Maryna F. Коzhevnikova, V. Levenets, O. Omelnyk, A. Shchur
The article deals with the influence of negative factors of working conditions on the health status of NSC KIPT personnel when working with beryllium. Beryllium and its compounds render a general toxic, allergenic and carcinogenic effect on the organism. The high biological activity and toxicity of Be is due to its chemical activity and penetrating ability. The chronic professional disease such as berylliosis occurs as a result of prolonged systematic exposure on the organism of adverse factors. Elemental analysis of biosubstrates provides important information, that in combination with symptoms and other laboratory parameters, can help in the early diagnostics of physiological violations associated with metabolic disorders and exposure of toxic elements. The blood and hair samples were taken from 28 people, among which 5 patients were selected as a control group, and a group of 23 people were former employees of the beryllium production. The content of chemical elements in the biological substrates (blood and hair) of employees was determined by nuclear-physical methods. An elemental analysis was performed on the analytical nuclear physics complex appliance “Sokol”. The methods based on registration of characteristic X-ray radiation of atoms and g-radiation of nuclei excited by accelerated protons is used. After measurements, data arrays were obtained on the content of 14 chemical elements (N, Na, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Sr, Pb) in blood and hair. The processing of data arrays was carried out using the principal component method which is related to chemometrics technologies. As a result of the work, an analytical program was composed in MATLAB codes which were used to determine the content of elements in biosubstrates that are most sensitive to changes in external conditions. This made it possible to identify certain groups of patients who have different health state indicators, as well as to see the similarities or differences between patients depending on the different concentrations of chemical elements in the blood or hair.
{"title":"Comprehensive Assessment of Biological Substrates of Professional Sick Person Group by Chemometric and Nuclear Physical Methods","authors":"Maryna F. Коzhevnikova, V. Levenets, O. Omelnyk, A. Shchur","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-07","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the influence of negative factors of working conditions on the health status of NSC KIPT personnel when working with beryllium. Beryllium and its compounds render a general toxic, allergenic and carcinogenic effect on the organism. The high biological activity and toxicity of Be is due to its chemical activity and penetrating ability. The chronic professional disease such as berylliosis occurs as a result of prolonged systematic exposure on the organism of adverse factors. Elemental analysis of biosubstrates provides important information, that in combination with symptoms and other laboratory parameters, can help in the early diagnostics of physiological violations associated with metabolic disorders and exposure of toxic elements. The blood and hair samples were taken from 28 people, among which 5 patients were selected as a control group, and a group of 23 people were former employees of the beryllium production. The content of chemical elements in the biological substrates (blood and hair) of employees was determined by nuclear-physical methods. An elemental analysis was performed on the analytical nuclear physics complex appliance “Sokol”. The methods based on registration of characteristic X-ray radiation of atoms and g-radiation of nuclei excited by accelerated protons is used. After measurements, data arrays were obtained on the content of 14 chemical elements (N, Na, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Sr, Pb) in blood and hair. The processing of data arrays was carried out using the principal component method which is related to chemometrics technologies. As a result of the work, an analytical program was composed in MATLAB codes which were used to determine the content of elements in biosubstrates that are most sensitive to changes in external conditions. This made it possible to identify certain groups of patients who have different health state indicators, as well as to see the similarities or differences between patients depending on the different concentrations of chemical elements in the blood or hair.","PeriodicalId":48765,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89662407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-19
G. Onyshchenko, Ivan I. Yakymenko, O. Shchus, Anatoliy Lokha
The sample preparation method and the results of experimental measurements of the concentration of beta-radioactive aerosols (the decay products of Radon-222 in the air) are presented. The experimental equipment includes an electrostatic aerosol collector and a time spectrometer based on the PMT with a plastic scintillator and Wilkinson’s ADC. The accumulation of aerosols on the foil lasted for about 12 hours. The activity of accumulated aerosols was measured in the time interval of 0 to 300 minutes. The use of the spectrometer in the time analyzer mode, the proposed aerosol accumulator, and the method of processing the accumulated spectrum makes it possible to increase the sensitivity of the radiometer in comparison with the collection method based on air filters. Applying the time‑spectrum development procedure to the constituent components makes it possible to reliably establish the connection of aerosols registered in the room with β‑active decay products of radon-222: Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214.
{"title":"Sample Preparation for the Effective Accumulation and Detection of the Beta-Active Rn-222 Decay Products","authors":"G. Onyshchenko, Ivan I. Yakymenko, O. Shchus, Anatoliy Lokha","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-19","url":null,"abstract":"The sample preparation method and the results of experimental measurements of the concentration of beta-radioactive aerosols (the decay products of Radon-222 in the air) are presented. The experimental equipment includes an electrostatic aerosol collector and a time spectrometer based on the PMT with a plastic scintillator and Wilkinson’s ADC. The accumulation of aerosols on the foil lasted for about 12 hours. The activity of accumulated aerosols was measured in the time interval of 0 to 300 minutes. The use of the spectrometer in the time analyzer mode, the proposed aerosol accumulator, and the method of processing the accumulated spectrum makes it possible to increase the sensitivity of the radiometer in comparison with the collection method based on air filters. Applying the time‑spectrum development procedure to the constituent components makes it possible to reliably establish the connection of aerosols registered in the room with β‑active decay products of radon-222: Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214.","PeriodicalId":48765,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86481107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-13
M. Das, C. Mahanta
A number of recent cosmological observations have provided increasing evidence that currently the universe is undergoing a phase of accelerated expansion, the root cause of which is supposed to be due to an exotic component of the universe with large negative pressure, dubbed dark energy. Out of the various candidates of dark energy proposed in the literature, the holographic dark energy emerged from the Holographic Principle is drawing much attention in the research field. In this paper, we investigate a spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi Type V space-time filled with non-interacting Tsallis holographic dark energy (THDE) with Hubble horizon as the IR cutoff and pressureless cold dark matter within the framework of General Relativity. Exact solutions of the Einstein field equations are obtained by considering the average scale factor to be a combination of a power law and an exponential law, the so called hybrid expansion law first proposed by Akarsu et al. (2014). We study the cosmological dynamics of various models for different values of the non-additive parameter that appeared in the Tsallis entropy and that for that appeared in the exponential function of the hybrid expansion law. We find that our model exhibits present cosmological scenario.
最近的一些宇宙学观测提供了越来越多的证据，表明目前宇宙正在经历一个加速膨胀的阶段，其根本原因应该是由于宇宙中具有巨大负压的奇异成分，被称为暗能量。在文献中提出的各种暗能量候选者中，由全息原理产生的全息暗能量备受研究领域的关注。本文在广义相对论的框架下，研究了一个空间均匀且各向异性的、以哈勃视界为红外截止点的、充满非相互作用的Tsallis全息暗能量(THDE)和无压冷暗物质的Bianchi V型时空。将平均尺度因子考虑为幂律和指数律的组合，即Akarsu et al.(2014)首先提出的所谓混合展开律，从而获得爱因斯坦场方程的精确解。我们研究了不同模型中出现在Tsallis熵中的非加性参数的不同值和出现在杂化膨胀律的指数函数中的非加性参数的不同值的宇宙动力学。我们发现我们的模型展示了目前的宇宙学情景。
{"title":"Bianchi Type V Tsallis Holographic Dark Energy Model with Hybrid Expansion Law","authors":"M. Das, C. Mahanta","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-13","url":null,"abstract":"A number of recent cosmological observations have provided increasing evidence that currently the universe is undergoing a phase of accelerated expansion, the root cause of which is supposed to be due to an exotic component of the universe with large negative pressure, dubbed dark energy. Out of the various candidates of dark energy proposed in the literature, the holographic dark energy emerged from the Holographic Principle is drawing much attention in the research field. In this paper, we investigate a spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi Type V space-time filled with non-interacting Tsallis holographic dark energy (THDE) with Hubble horizon as the IR cutoff and pressureless cold dark matter within the framework of General Relativity. Exact solutions of the Einstein field equations are obtained by considering the average scale factor to be a combination of a power law and an exponential law, the so called hybrid expansion law first proposed by Akarsu et al. (2014). We study the cosmological dynamics of various models for different values of the non-additive parameter that appeared in the Tsallis entropy and that for that appeared in the exponential function of the hybrid expansion law. We find that our model exhibits present cosmological scenario.","PeriodicalId":48765,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82864556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-18
O. Zhytniakivska, U. Tarabara, A. Kurutos, Kateryna Vus, V. Trusova, G. Gorbenko
Protein aggregation into highly ordered supramolecular aggregates is the hallmark of many degenerative diseases including the neurological disorders (Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s diseases), type II diabetes, systemic amyloidosis, spongiform encephalopathies, etc. One of the simplest and effective methods for the identification and characterization of amyloid fibrils in vitro and the visualization of amyloid inclusions in vivo is based on the use of probes sensitive to the beta-pleated motifs. In the attempt to design new amyloid-sensing dyes or to optimization the existing molecules, it is crucial to have the sufficient knowledge of the molecular and atomic levels interactions in the binding sites. Among the especially useful methods available to provide the atomic-level insights into the mechanisms of various types of biomolecular interactions is molecular docking technique. In the present study, the molecular docking tool has been employed to investigate the interactions between the monomethine cyanine dyes and the lysozyme amyloid fibrils constructed from the K-peptide of lysozyme, GILQINSRW (residues 54–62 of the wild-type protein). Using the AutoDOCK and the protein-ligand interaction profiler PLIP it was found: i) monomethines interact with the fibril surface (with the aromatic residues on the top of β-sheet or with the edges of the β-sheet); ii) the dye binding is governed by the hydrophobic interactions, salt bridges and the hydrogen bonds between the aliphatic substituents on the nitrogen atom of benzothiazole part of dye molecules and the lysozyme amyloid fibril; iii) the variations in the cyanine structure and in the lysozyme amiloid twisting didn’t insert significant effect on the binding mode of cyanines.
{"title":"Molecular Docking of Monomethine Cyanine Dyes to Lysozyme Amyloid Fibrils","authors":"O. Zhytniakivska, U. Tarabara, A. Kurutos, Kateryna Vus, V. Trusova, G. Gorbenko","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-18","url":null,"abstract":"Protein aggregation into highly ordered supramolecular aggregates is the hallmark of many degenerative diseases including the neurological disorders (Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s diseases), type II diabetes, systemic amyloidosis, spongiform encephalopathies, etc. One of the simplest and effective methods for the identification and characterization of amyloid fibrils in vitro and the visualization of amyloid inclusions in vivo is based on the use of probes sensitive to the beta-pleated motifs. In the attempt to design new amyloid-sensing dyes or to optimization the existing molecules, it is crucial to have the sufficient knowledge of the molecular and atomic levels interactions in the binding sites. Among the especially useful methods available to provide the atomic-level insights into the mechanisms of various types of biomolecular interactions is molecular docking technique. In the present study, the molecular docking tool has been employed to investigate the interactions between the monomethine cyanine dyes and the lysozyme amyloid fibrils constructed from the K-peptide of lysozyme, GILQINSRW (residues 54–62 of the wild-type protein). Using the AutoDOCK and the protein-ligand interaction profiler PLIP it was found: i) monomethines interact with the fibril surface (with the aromatic residues on the top of β-sheet or with the edges of the β-sheet); ii) the dye binding is governed by the hydrophobic interactions, salt bridges and the hydrogen bonds between the aliphatic substituents on the nitrogen atom of benzothiazole part of dye molecules and the lysozyme amyloid fibril; iii) the variations in the cyanine structure and in the lysozyme amiloid twisting didn’t insert significant effect on the binding mode of cyanines.","PeriodicalId":48765,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79667601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-10
V. Galaydych, O. Sporov, V. Olefir, M. Azarenkov
The paper presents the results of the study of slow surface electromagnetic waves directed along the flat mu-negative metamaterial slab surrounded by ordinary dielectric material. It is considered the case of isotropic and homogeneous metamaterial without losses. This metamaterial possesses the positive permittivity and the negative permeability over a definite frequency band. It is found that two surface modes of TE polarization can propagate along such waveguide structure. The dispersion properties, the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic field, as well as the phase and group velocities of these slow modes are studied. The first mode is a conventional forward wave, and has a lower frequency and lower phase velocity than the second mode. The second mode may have zero group velocity at a certain frequency. Characteristics of these surface modes for different values of the mu-negative slab parameters have been studied. The studied surface electromagnetic waves can be used for practical applications as in laboratory experiments, as in various technologies.
{"title":"Slow Surface Eigenmodes Directed by the Mu-Negative Metamaterial Slab","authors":"V. Galaydych, O. Sporov, V. Olefir, M. Azarenkov","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-10","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of the study of slow surface electromagnetic waves directed along the flat mu-negative metamaterial slab surrounded by ordinary dielectric material. It is considered the case of isotropic and homogeneous metamaterial without losses. This metamaterial possesses the positive permittivity and the negative permeability over a definite frequency band. It is found that two surface modes of TE polarization can propagate along such waveguide structure. The dispersion properties, the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic field, as well as the phase and group velocities of these slow modes are studied. The first mode is a conventional forward wave, and has a lower frequency and lower phase velocity than the second mode. The second mode may have zero group velocity at a certain frequency. Characteristics of these surface modes for different values of the mu-negative slab parameters have been studied. The studied surface electromagnetic waves can be used for practical applications as in laboratory experiments, as in various technologies.","PeriodicalId":48765,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82020191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-03
E. Danladi, M. Kashif, Thomas T. Daniel, Christopher U. Achem, Matthew Alpha, M. Gyan
Sourcing for an alternative to the liquid electrolyte in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been the subject of interest in the photovoltaic horizon. Herein, we reported by means of simulation, the performance of dye-sensitized solar cell by replacing the liquid electrolyte with a copper (I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) hole conductor. The study was carried out using Solar Capacitance Simulation Software (SCAPS) which is based on poisson and continuity equations. The simulation was done based on an n-i-p proposed architecture of FTO/TiO2/N719/CuSCN/Pt. The result of the initial device gave a Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE), Fill Factor (FF), Short Circuit Current Density (Jsc) and Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) of 5.71 %, 78.32 %, 6.23 mAcm-2, and 1.17 V. After optimizing input parameters to obtain 1×109 cm-2 for CuSCN/N719 interface defect density, 280 K for temperature, 1.0 μm for N719 dye thickness, 0.4 μm for TiO2 thickness, Pt for metal back contact, and 0.2 μm for CuSCN thickness, the overall device performance of 7.379 % for PCE, 77.983 % for FF, 7.185 mAcm-2 for Jsc and 1.317 V for Voc were obtained. When compared with the initial device, the optimized results showed an enhanced performance of ~ 1.29 times, 1.15 times, and 1.13 times in PCE, Jsc, and Voc over the initial device. The results obtained are encouraging and the findings will serve as a baseline to researchers involved in the fabrication of novel high-performance solid-state DSSCs to realize its appealing nature for industry scalability.
{"title":"7.379 % Power Conversion Efficiency of a Numerically Simulated Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell with Copper (I) Thiocyanate as a Hole Conductor","authors":"E. Danladi, M. Kashif, Thomas T. Daniel, Christopher U. Achem, Matthew Alpha, M. Gyan","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-03","url":null,"abstract":"Sourcing for an alternative to the liquid electrolyte in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been the subject of interest in the photovoltaic horizon. Herein, we reported by means of simulation, the performance of dye-sensitized solar cell by replacing the liquid electrolyte with a copper (I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) hole conductor. The study was carried out using Solar Capacitance Simulation Software (SCAPS) which is based on poisson and continuity equations. The simulation was done based on an n-i-p proposed architecture of FTO/TiO2/N719/CuSCN/Pt. The result of the initial device gave a Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE), Fill Factor (FF), Short Circuit Current Density (Jsc) and Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) of 5.71 %, 78.32 %, 6.23 mAcm-2, and 1.17 V. After optimizing input parameters to obtain 1×109 cm-2 for CuSCN/N719 interface defect density, 280 K for temperature, 1.0 μm for N719 dye thickness, 0.4 μm for TiO2 thickness, Pt for metal back contact, and 0.2 μm for CuSCN thickness, the overall device performance of 7.379 % for PCE, 77.983 % for FF, 7.185 mAcm-2 for Jsc and 1.317 V for Voc were obtained. When compared with the initial device, the optimized results showed an enhanced performance of ~ 1.29 times, 1.15 times, and 1.13 times in PCE, Jsc, and Voc over the initial device. The results obtained are encouraging and the findings will serve as a baseline to researchers involved in the fabrication of novel high-performance solid-state DSSCs to realize its appealing nature for industry scalability.","PeriodicalId":48765,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90615886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-05
Shivani A. Kumar, S. Kanwar, Pramila Shukla
In the present paper, we will review the methods to produce superposition of entangled coherent state using polarizing beam splitter and Kerr non linearity. These coherent states have many attractive features and can be used in various schemes. Entanglement, refers to the superposition of a multiparticle system and explains a new type of correlations between any two subsystems of the quantum system, which is not existing in the classical physics. The present paper deals with the use of these states in quantum teleportation, entanglement diversion and entanglement swapping schemes. Entanglement diversion and entanglement-swapping refers to a scheme which may entangle those particles which had never interacted before. In the swapping scheme, two pairs of entangled state are taken. One particle from each pair is subjected to a Bell-state-measurement. This would result in projection of the other two outgoing particles in an entangled pair. Quantum Teleportation of two mode and three modes states is also studied with perfect fidelity. Minimum assured fidelity which is defined as the minimum of the fidelity for any unknown quantum information of the states is also discussed. It is also shown how the success rate of teleportation of a superposition of odd and even coherent states can be increased from 50% to almost 100%. The scheme suggested by van Enk and Hirota was modified by Prakash, Chandra, Prakash and Shivani in 2007. We find that an almost teleportation, diversion and swapping is possible by simply separating vacuum state from the even state. The present paper also deals with study of effect of decoherence and noise on these states and the effect of noise on fidelity and minimum assured fidelity. It is also discussed that these schemes can also be applied to the process of entanglement diversion and entanglement swapping.
{"title":"Entangled Coherent States in Teleportation","authors":"Shivani A. Kumar, S. Kanwar, Pramila Shukla","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-05","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper, we will review the methods to produce superposition of entangled coherent state using polarizing beam splitter and Kerr non linearity. These coherent states have many attractive features and can be used in various schemes. Entanglement, refers to the superposition of a multiparticle system and explains a new type of correlations between any two subsystems of the quantum system, which is not existing in the classical physics. The present paper deals with the use of these states in quantum teleportation, entanglement diversion and entanglement swapping schemes. Entanglement diversion and entanglement-swapping refers to a scheme which may entangle those particles which had never interacted before. In the swapping scheme, two pairs of entangled state are taken. One particle from each pair is subjected to a Bell-state-measurement. This would result in projection of the other two outgoing particles in an entangled pair. Quantum Teleportation of two mode and three modes states is also studied with perfect fidelity. Minimum assured fidelity which is defined as the minimum of the fidelity for any unknown quantum information of the states is also discussed. It is also shown how the success rate of teleportation of a superposition of odd and even coherent states can be increased from 50% to almost 100%. The scheme suggested by van Enk and Hirota was modified by Prakash, Chandra, Prakash and Shivani in 2007. We find that an almost teleportation, diversion and swapping is possible by simply separating vacuum state from the even state. The present paper also deals with study of effect of decoherence and noise on these states and the effect of noise on fidelity and minimum assured fidelity. It is also discussed that these schemes can also be applied to the process of entanglement diversion and entanglement swapping.","PeriodicalId":48765,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90302848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-06
Mykola Kokodii, V. Katrich, S. Berdnik, Mykhail Nesterenko, V. Maslov, I. Priz
The problem of electromagnetic wave pressure on a thin conductive vibrator located in a rectangular waveguide is solved. Wave H10 falls on the vibrator. The vibrator is located perpendicular to the wide wall of the waveguide. The current in the vibrator arising under the action of the electric field of the wave is calculated. The current distribution along the vibrator is almost uniform. The current in the microwave range depends little on the vibrator conductivity. Two components of the magnetic field - longitudinal and transverse exist in the H10 wave. When these components interact with the current in the vibrator, forces arise, acting on the vibrator across the waveguide and along it. The magnitude of the longitudinal force is greatest when the vibrator is located in the middle of a wide wall. It is almost 2 times greater than the force acting on the vibrator in free space at the same average radiation intensity, When the vibrator length is close to half the radiation wavelength, the force is maximum. The transverse force is determined by the interaction of the current in the vibrator with the longitudinal component of the magnetic field in the waveguide. It is maximum when the vibrator is located at the distance of ¼ of the length of the wide wall from its middle. If the length of the vibrator is less than half the wavelength of the radiation, the force is directed towards the axis of the waveguide, otherwise - in the opposite direction. The possibility of using microwave radiation pressure to create micromachines and to control the position of the vibrator in space has been evaluated. This requires a radiation power of several watts.
{"title":"Pressure of Electromagnetic Radiation on a Thin Linear Vibrator in a Waveguide","authors":"Mykola Kokodii, V. Katrich, S. Berdnik, Mykhail Nesterenko, V. Maslov, I. Priz","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-06","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of electromagnetic wave pressure on a thin conductive vibrator located in a rectangular waveguide is solved. Wave H10 falls on the vibrator. The vibrator is located perpendicular to the wide wall of the waveguide. The current in the vibrator arising under the action of the electric field of the wave is calculated. The current distribution along the vibrator is almost uniform. The current in the microwave range depends little on the vibrator conductivity. Two components of the magnetic field - longitudinal and transverse exist in the H10 wave. When these components interact with the current in the vibrator, forces arise, acting on the vibrator across the waveguide and along it. The magnitude of the longitudinal force is greatest when the vibrator is located in the middle of a wide wall. It is almost 2 times greater than the force acting on the vibrator in free space at the same average radiation intensity, When the vibrator length is close to half the radiation wavelength, the force is maximum. The transverse force is determined by the interaction of the current in the vibrator with the longitudinal component of the magnetic field in the waveguide. It is maximum when the vibrator is located at the distance of ¼ of the length of the wide wall from its middle. If the length of the vibrator is less than half the wavelength of the radiation, the force is directed towards the axis of the waveguide, otherwise - in the opposite direction. The possibility of using microwave radiation pressure to create micromachines and to control the position of the vibrator in space has been evaluated. This requires a radiation power of several watts.","PeriodicalId":48765,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83109163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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