Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-14
E. Inyang, E. Obisung, Eddy S. William, Ituen B. Okon
In this present study, we model Eckart-Hellmann Potential (EHP) to interact in a quark-antiquark system. The solutions of the Schrödinger equation are obtained with EHP using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The energy equation and normalized wave function were obtained. The masses of the heavy mesons such as charmonium (cc-) and bottomonium (bb-) for different quantum numbers were predicted using the energy equation. Also, the partition function was calculated from the energy equation, thereafter other thermal properties such as mean energy, free energy, entropy, and specific heat capacity were obtained. The results obtained showed an improvement when compared with the work of other researchers and excellently agreed with experimental data.
{"title":"Non-Relativistic Study of Mass Spectra, and Thermal Properties of a Quarkonium System with Eckart-Hellmann Potential","authors":"E. Inyang, E. Obisung, Eddy S. William, Ituen B. Okon","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-14","url":null,"abstract":"In this present study, we model Eckart-Hellmann Potential (EHP) to interact in a quark-antiquark system. The solutions of the Schrödinger equation are obtained with EHP using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The energy equation and normalized wave function were obtained. The masses of the heavy mesons such as charmonium (cc-) and bottomonium (bb-) for different quantum numbers were predicted using the energy equation. Also, the partition function was calculated from the energy equation, thereafter other thermal properties such as mean energy, free energy, entropy, and specific heat capacity were obtained. The results obtained showed an improvement when compared with the work of other researchers and excellently agreed with experimental data.","PeriodicalId":48765,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88599935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-04
E. Inyang, E. Obisung
In this study, the analytical solutions of the Schrödinger equation with the screened Kratzer potential model is solved using the well-known Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The energy spectrum and the normalized wave function with the Greene-Aldrich approximation to the centrifugal term are obtained. The energy spectrum is used to generate eigenvalues for X3Σ- state of NI and X1Σ+ state of ScI molecules respectively. The calculated results agree excellently with the experimental data. This research finds application in chemistry, industry, molecular physics and studies on magnetocaloric effect for several molecules. Our findings also demonstrate that the approximation scheme is well suited for this potential.
{"title":"The Study of Electronic States of Ni and ScI Molecules with Screened Kratzer Potential","authors":"E. Inyang, E. Obisung","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-04","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the analytical solutions of the Schrödinger equation with the screened Kratzer potential model is solved using the well-known Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The energy spectrum and the normalized wave function with the Greene-Aldrich approximation to the centrifugal term are obtained. The energy spectrum is used to generate eigenvalues for X3Σ- state of NI and X1Σ+ state of ScI molecules respectively. The calculated results agree excellently with the experimental data. This research finds application in chemistry, industry, molecular physics and studies on magnetocaloric effect for several molecules. Our findings also demonstrate that the approximation scheme is well suited for this potential.","PeriodicalId":48765,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88727952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-16
V. Morgunov, Serhii Sayenko, V. Shkuropatenko, Y. Svitlychnyi, O. Bereznyak, S. Lytovchenko, V. Chyshkala
The state of liquid radioactive wastes (LRW) management at Ukrainian Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) is characterized by the lack of a completed technological cycle from processing to obtaining the final product suitable for further long-term storage or disposal. As a result, the storage tanks for bottoms residue (BR) are 65-75% full (Zaporozhye and South-Ukrainian NPPs), and the resource for placing molten salt at Zaporizhzhya NPP (92.7%) is close to exhaustion [1]. Therefore, the development of technologies and materials for NPP LRW solidification is an urgent need and aims to ensure the processing of LRW to a solid state that will meet the acceptance criteria for disposal in centralized storage facilities. One of the effective methods of LRW solidification is their vitrification. The main advantage of vitrification is that during the vitrification process the volume of waste is reduced by several times and this saves expensive storage space [2, 3]. The purpose of this work is to calculate the absorbed dose that borosilicate glass matrices with included bottoms residue will accumulate over 300 years of storage, and to study the effect of simulated X-ray irradiation on their physical and mechanical properties.
{"title":"Calculation of the Absorbed Dose by a Borosilicate Glass Matrix and its Simulated Irradiation","authors":"V. Morgunov, Serhii Sayenko, V. Shkuropatenko, Y. Svitlychnyi, O. Bereznyak, S. Lytovchenko, V. Chyshkala","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-16","url":null,"abstract":"The state of liquid radioactive wastes (LRW) management at Ukrainian Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) is characterized by the lack of a completed technological cycle from processing to obtaining the final product suitable for further long-term storage or disposal. As a result, the storage tanks for bottoms residue (BR) are 65-75% full (Zaporozhye and South-Ukrainian NPPs), and the resource for placing molten salt at Zaporizhzhya NPP (92.7%) is close to exhaustion [1]. Therefore, the development of technologies and materials for NPP LRW solidification is an urgent need and aims to ensure the processing of LRW to a solid state that will meet the acceptance criteria for disposal in centralized storage facilities. One of the effective methods of LRW solidification is their vitrification. The main advantage of vitrification is that during the vitrification process the volume of waste is reduced by several times and this saves expensive storage space [2, 3]. The purpose of this work is to calculate the absorbed dose that borosilicate glass matrices with included bottoms residue will accumulate over 300 years of storage, and to study the effect of simulated X-ray irradiation on their physical and mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":48765,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74616486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-02
E. Poklonskiy, Stanislav Totkal
The paper considers the development of the process of superradiance of radiating oscillators interacting with each other by means of an electromagnetic field. The interaction of oscillators occurs both with the nearest neighbors and with all other oscillators in the system. In this case, the possibility of longitudinal motion of oscillators along the system, due to the action of the Lorentz force, is taken into account. It is shown that, regardless of the motion of the oscillators, for example, due to their different masses, the maximum attainable amplitude of the generation field changes little. However, the radiation efficiency depends on how this field is distributed in the longitudinal direction. In the case of a shift of the field maximum towards the ends of the system, the radiation efficiency can noticeably increase. In addition, the direction of the phase velocity of the external initiating field is important, which accelerates the process of phase synchronization of the oscillators. This can also affect the ejection of particles outside the initial region, and here the total number of ejected particles and their speed turn out to be important. It is discussed how the density of oscillators and the size of the region occupied by oscillators will change.
{"title":"Superradiation of Mobile Oscillators","authors":"E. Poklonskiy, Stanislav Totkal","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-02","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the development of the process of superradiance of radiating oscillators interacting with each other by means of an electromagnetic field. The interaction of oscillators occurs both with the nearest neighbors and with all other oscillators in the system. In this case, the possibility of longitudinal motion of oscillators along the system, due to the action of the Lorentz force, is taken into account. It is shown that, regardless of the motion of the oscillators, for example, due to their different masses, the maximum attainable amplitude of the generation field changes little. However, the radiation efficiency depends on how this field is distributed in the longitudinal direction. In the case of a shift of the field maximum towards the ends of the system, the radiation efficiency can noticeably increase. In addition, the direction of the phase velocity of the external initiating field is important, which accelerates the process of phase synchronization of the oscillators. This can also affect the ejection of particles outside the initial region, and here the total number of ejected particles and their speed turn out to be important. It is discussed how the density of oscillators and the size of the region occupied by oscillators will change.","PeriodicalId":48765,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80314810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-15
U. Tarabara, O. Zhytniakivska, Kateryna Vus, V. Trusova, G. Gorbenko
The co-localization of the donor and acceptor fluorophores capable of transferring the energy by the Fӧrster mechanism, on the molecular scaffold of amyloid fibrils offers new opportunities not only for refinement of the amyloid detection and structural analysis, but also for designing photonic nanodevices on their basis. The assembly of these systems involves the non-covalent dye-protein interactions which can hardly be characterized in terms of a precise dye location within the fibril structure that is required for fabricating the FRET-based light harvesting systems or photonic nanowires. In view of this, the dye-fibril binding process deserves a detailed in silico study. In the previous molecular docking studies of the FRET donors and acceptors interacting with the insulin model fibrils we considered only one ligand during the simulation procedure. However, the real situation is much more complicated, when the multiple ligands can compete for the same binding site, a direct complexation between the dyes on the fibril scaffold can take place, the spatial distribution of the bound fluorophores can be unfavorable for the energy transfer, etc. In addition, the mutual orientation of the donor and acceptor molecules essentially contribute to the efficiency of the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in the investigated systems. The present study was undertaken to gain molecular docking insight into the binding of the donor (Thioflavin T) and acceptor (Congo Red or a phosphonium dye TDV) fluorophores to the insulin amyloid fibrils using the multiple docking approach. The employed PatcDock and SwissDock webserves provided evidence for the preferable association of all dyes with the fibril grooves. The protein-ligand interaction profiler (PLIP) was employed for analyzing the (InsF + ThT +CR) and (InsF + ThT + TDV) systems. The revealed binding modes and the types of the dye-fibril interactions may be of importance for a more detailed analysis of the FRET process in amyloid systems and may serve as a background for further in silico studies of the cascade FRET on the amyloid fibril scaffold.
{"title":"Multiple Docking of Fluorescent Dyes to Fibrillar Insulin","authors":"U. Tarabara, O. Zhytniakivska, Kateryna Vus, V. Trusova, G. Gorbenko","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-15","url":null,"abstract":"The co-localization of the donor and acceptor fluorophores capable of transferring the energy by the Fӧrster mechanism, on the molecular scaffold of amyloid fibrils offers new opportunities not only for refinement of the amyloid detection and structural analysis, but also for designing photonic nanodevices on their basis. The assembly of these systems involves the non-covalent dye-protein interactions which can hardly be characterized in terms of a precise dye location within the fibril structure that is required for fabricating the FRET-based light harvesting systems or photonic nanowires. In view of this, the dye-fibril binding process deserves a detailed in silico study. In the previous molecular docking studies of the FRET donors and acceptors interacting with the insulin model fibrils we considered only one ligand during the simulation procedure. However, the real situation is much more complicated, when the multiple ligands can compete for the same binding site, a direct complexation between the dyes on the fibril scaffold can take place, the spatial distribution of the bound fluorophores can be unfavorable for the energy transfer, etc. In addition, the mutual orientation of the donor and acceptor molecules essentially contribute to the efficiency of the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in the investigated systems. The present study was undertaken to gain molecular docking insight into the binding of the donor (Thioflavin T) and acceptor (Congo Red or a phosphonium dye TDV) fluorophores to the insulin amyloid fibrils using the multiple docking approach. The employed PatcDock and SwissDock webserves provided evidence for the preferable association of all dyes with the fibril grooves. The protein-ligand interaction profiler (PLIP) was employed for analyzing the (InsF + ThT +CR) and (InsF + ThT + TDV) systems. The revealed binding modes and the types of the dye-fibril interactions may be of importance for a more detailed analysis of the FRET process in amyloid systems and may serve as a background for further in silico studies of the cascade FRET on the amyloid fibril scaffold.","PeriodicalId":48765,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91072935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-12
S. Kuryshchuk, T. Kovalyuk, I. Koziarskyi, M. Solovan
The paper presents the results of studying the structural, optical and electrical properties of thin films of graphite depending on the hardness of the rods (2H, H, HB, B and 2B) obtained by the "Pencil-on-semiconductor" method. Such studies are of great importance for the further development of highly efficient devices based on heterojunctions for electronics and optoelectronics. Typical images of the surface formed by reflected electrons (BSE) were obtained using a scanning electron microscope and shown at three magnifications (100x, 500x and 1000x). Since the cores of the studied pencils consist of mixtures of clay and graphite, a more detailed analysis of the elements that make up the cores was conducted. EDS analysis showed that the main components of the studied rods are purified graphite powder, as well as O, Al and Si, which are part of kaolin whose formula is H4Al2Si2O9, or Al2O3 • 2SiO2 • 2H2O - the main component of ordinary clay. The elemental composition of the microvolume of the studied samples was also determined. Regardless of the error that occurs when determining the composition of C and O (~ 12%), it can be argued that there is still a regularity between the graphite content and the hardness of the pencil. That is, the higher the graphite content, the softer the rod. The thickness of the graphite films was measured using the MII-4 interferometer according to the standard method. The average thickness of all investigated films was ~ 150 nm since the thickness of the films obtained by this method is mainly determined by the roughness of the surface of the salt substrate. Drawn graphite films have a higher resistivity than bulk samples (pencil rods) from which they were made. The resistance of the films increases with an increase in the hardness of pencils, due to an increase in the number of clay impurities in graphite, which is a dielectric. It was found that an increase in stick hardness leads to an increase in transmission.
{"title":"Structural, Electrical and Optical Properties of Graphite Films are Drawn with Pencils of Different Hardness","authors":"S. Kuryshchuk, T. Kovalyuk, I. Koziarskyi, M. Solovan","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-12","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of studying the structural, optical and electrical properties of thin films of graphite depending on the hardness of the rods (2H, H, HB, B and 2B) obtained by the \"Pencil-on-semiconductor\" method. Such studies are of great importance for the further development of highly efficient devices based on heterojunctions for electronics and optoelectronics. Typical images of the surface formed by reflected electrons (BSE) were obtained using a scanning electron microscope and shown at three magnifications (100x, 500x and 1000x). Since the cores of the studied pencils consist of mixtures of clay and graphite, a more detailed analysis of the elements that make up the cores was conducted. EDS analysis showed that the main components of the studied rods are purified graphite powder, as well as O, Al and Si, which are part of kaolin whose formula is H4Al2Si2O9, or Al2O3 • 2SiO2 • 2H2O - the main component of ordinary clay. The elemental composition of the microvolume of the studied samples was also determined. Regardless of the error that occurs when determining the composition of C and O (~ 12%), it can be argued that there is still a regularity between the graphite content and the hardness of the pencil. That is, the higher the graphite content, the softer the rod. The thickness of the graphite films was measured using the MII-4 interferometer according to the standard method. The average thickness of all investigated films was ~ 150 nm since the thickness of the films obtained by this method is mainly determined by the roughness of the surface of the salt substrate. Drawn graphite films have a higher resistivity than bulk samples (pencil rods) from which they were made. The resistance of the films increases with an increase in the hardness of pencils, due to an increase in the number of clay impurities in graphite, which is a dielectric. It was found that an increase in stick hardness leads to an increase in transmission.","PeriodicalId":48765,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"491 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76386208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-08
I. Chernov, Аnton Kushtym, V. Tatarinov, D. Kutniy
The influence of technological processes and manufacturing of uranium dioxide fuel pellets for fuel elements for experimental fuel assembly (FA-X) which was designed as an alternative fuel for the nuclear research installation (NRI) "Neutron Source Controlled by Electron Accelerator" were investigated. Unlike standard production processes of UO2 pellets, the special feature fabrication process of this nuclear fuel type is production of uranium dioxide powder with enrichment of 4.4 %wt. of 235U achieved by mixing of two batches of powders with different uranium contents: 0.4 %wt. 235U and 19.7%wt. 235U, as well as ensuring the required tolerance of fuel pellets without the use of machining operations. A set of design and process documentation were developed in the R&D Center at NSC KIPT. Experimental stack of fuel pellets, fuel elements and a pilot fuel assembly FA-X were fabricated and designed to be compatible and interchangeable with VVR-M2 fuel assembly adopted as a standard assembly for the first fuel loading at the "Neutron Source Driven by an Electron Accelerator" FA. As opposition to the variant of VVR-M2 fuel assembly which consisted of three fuel rods of tubular shape with dispersion composition UO2‑Al, FA-X accommodates six fuel rods of pin-type with UO2 pellet which located in the zirconium cladding (E110) as the closest analogue of fuel rods of VVER-1000 power reactor. Inside cladding locate a 500 mm high fuel stack which is secured against displacement by a spacer. In the basic variant of FA-X the fuel pellets are made of UO2 with 235U enrichment near 4.4 %wt.
{"title":"Manufacturing Features and Characteristics of Uranium Dioxide Pellets for Subcritical Assembly Fuel Rods","authors":"I. Chernov, Аnton Kushtym, V. Tatarinov, D. Kutniy","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-08","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of technological processes and manufacturing of uranium dioxide fuel pellets for fuel elements for experimental fuel assembly (FA-X) which was designed as an alternative fuel for the nuclear research installation (NRI) \"Neutron Source Controlled by Electron Accelerator\" were investigated. Unlike standard production processes of UO2 pellets, the special feature fabrication process of this nuclear fuel type is production of uranium dioxide powder with enrichment of 4.4 %wt. of 235U achieved by mixing of two batches of powders with different uranium contents: 0.4 %wt. 235U and 19.7%wt. 235U, as well as ensuring the required tolerance of fuel pellets without the use of machining operations. A set of design and process documentation were developed in the R&D Center at NSC KIPT. Experimental stack of fuel pellets, fuel elements and a pilot fuel assembly FA-X were fabricated and designed to be compatible and interchangeable with VVR-M2 fuel assembly adopted as a standard assembly for the first fuel loading at the \"Neutron Source Driven by an Electron Accelerator\" FA. As opposition to the variant of VVR-M2 fuel assembly which consisted of three fuel rods of tubular shape with dispersion composition UO2‑Al, FA-X accommodates six fuel rods of pin-type with UO2 pellet which located in the zirconium cladding (E110) as the closest analogue of fuel rods of VVER-1000 power reactor. Inside cladding locate a 500 mm high fuel stack which is secured against displacement by a spacer. In the basic variant of FA-X the fuel pellets are made of UO2 with 235U enrichment near 4.4 %wt.","PeriodicalId":48765,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78913902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-09
G. Ibeh, C. Lawani, J. Emmanuel, P. Oyedare, E. Danladi, O. Ige
This study is a follow up to our previously published article on “Numerical Simulation of Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide Solar Cells Using One Dimensional SCAPS Software”. Five more parameters were optimized which are: absorber band gap, absorber electron affinity, buffer layer band gap, buffer layer electron affinity and working temperature using the same simulation tool initially used. When the absorber bandgap was varied between 0.8 eV and 1.6 eV, the efficiency of the solar cell increases until it reached its peak at 27.81%. This occurred at absorber bandgap of 1.4 eV. Other photovoltaic parameters at this optimum value are: Voc of 1.00 V, Jsc of 31.99 mA/cm2 and FF of 87.47 %. On varying the absorber electron affinity from 4.20 eV through 4.55 eV, we obtained an optimum value of 4.45 eV at Voc of 0.82 V, Jsc of 37.96 mA/cm2, FF of 84.99 % and an efficiency of 26.36%. The optimization of buffer bandgap resulted in an optimal value of 3.0 eV, when the buffer bandgap was varied between 1.6 eV and 3.2 eV. The photovoltaic parameters at this optimal value are: Voc of 0.80 V, Jsc of 37.96 mA/cm2, FF of 85.22 % and an efficiency of 25.86%. The effect of buffer electron affinity was studied by varying its value between 4.00 eV and 4.40 eV and its best value was found to be 4.05 eV at photovoltaic parameters with a Voc of 0.82 V, Jsc of 37.96 mA/cm2, FF of 84.98 % and an efficiency of 26.36 %. These optimized values in all parameters were used to simulate a solar cell which resulted to device with performances: Voc of 1.11 V, Jsc of 31.50 mA/cm2, FF of 88.91 % and an efficiency of 31.11 %. On varying the working temperature on the optimized solar cell, the optimized device with its best performance at 270 K with Photovoltaic (PV) values of Voc of 1.15 V, Jsc of 31.55 mA/cm2, FF of 88.64 % and an efficiency of 32.18%. The results obtained were encouraging and can serve as a guide to those involved in practical development of solar cells.
{"title":"Enhanced Performance of CuIn1-xGxSe2 Solar Cell Through Optimization of Absorber and Buffer Layer Properties Using SCAPS-1D","authors":"G. Ibeh, C. Lawani, J. Emmanuel, P. Oyedare, E. Danladi, O. Ige","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2022-3-09","url":null,"abstract":"This study is a follow up to our previously published article on “Numerical Simulation of Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide Solar Cells Using One Dimensional SCAPS Software”. Five more parameters were optimized which are: absorber band gap, absorber electron affinity, buffer layer band gap, buffer layer electron affinity and working temperature using the same simulation tool initially used. When the absorber bandgap was varied between 0.8 eV and 1.6 eV, the efficiency of the solar cell increases until it reached its peak at 27.81%. This occurred at absorber bandgap of 1.4 eV. Other photovoltaic parameters at this optimum value are: Voc of 1.00 V, Jsc of 31.99 mA/cm2 and FF of 87.47 %. On varying the absorber electron affinity from 4.20 eV through 4.55 eV, we obtained an optimum value of 4.45 eV at Voc of 0.82 V, Jsc of 37.96 mA/cm2, FF of 84.99 % and an efficiency of 26.36%. The optimization of buffer bandgap resulted in an optimal value of 3.0 eV, when the buffer bandgap was varied between 1.6 eV and 3.2 eV. The photovoltaic parameters at this optimal value are: Voc of 0.80 V, Jsc of 37.96 mA/cm2, FF of 85.22 % and an efficiency of 25.86%. The effect of buffer electron affinity was studied by varying its value between 4.00 eV and 4.40 eV and its best value was found to be 4.05 eV at photovoltaic parameters with a Voc of 0.82 V, Jsc of 37.96 mA/cm2, FF of 84.98 % and an efficiency of 26.36 %. These optimized values in all parameters were used to simulate a solar cell which resulted to device with performances: Voc of 1.11 V, Jsc of 31.50 mA/cm2, FF of 88.91 % and an efficiency of 31.11 %. On varying the working temperature on the optimized solar cell, the optimized device with its best performance at 270 K with Photovoltaic (PV) values of Voc of 1.15 V, Jsc of 31.55 mA/cm2, FF of 88.64 % and an efficiency of 32.18%. The results obtained were encouraging and can serve as a guide to those involved in practical development of solar cells.","PeriodicalId":48765,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84284244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Raju, M. Ramachandran, C. Raja, Malarvizhi Mani
When evaluating different market segments Segment size and growth segment structure Charisma and company objectives and resources are the three Factors Company should consider. Demographics, psychology, behavior, and geography are considered to be the four main types of market segmentation. However there are many strategies that you can use. In four main categories there are many differences. Here are several methods that can be done. Like check out. The decision-making test and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) is considered to be an effective method for identifying the cause-effect chain components of a complex system. It deals with the evaluation of interrelated Relationships between factors and by visual layout model Identify the important ones. In this paper we used DEMATEL for ranking the DEMATEL method is the most ideal solution Short-distance Evaluation Parameters in Segment factors, Competition, Technological factors, Socio-political factors, Financial and economic factors Use Attention deficit from the result it is seen that Competition is got the first rank whereas is the Financial and economic factors is having the Lowest rank
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Accominotti, O. y Flandreau, M. (2008). Bilateral treaties and the most-favored-nation clause: the myth of trade liberalization in the nineteenth century. World Politics, 60(2), 147-188. doi: 10.1353/wp.0.0010 Anguita, R. (1913). Leyes promulgadas en Chile desde 1810 hasta el 1 de junio de 1913. Santiago de Chile: Imprenta, Litografía i Encuadernación Barcelona. Bairoch, P. (1989). European trade policy, 1815-1914. En P. Mathias y S. Pollard (eds.), The cambridge economic history of europe from the decline of the roman empire: vol. 8. The industrial economies: the development of economic and social policies (pp. 1-160). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Baldwin, R. (2016). The great convergence: information technology and the new globalization. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Bértola, L., y J. Williamson (2006). Globalization in Latin America Before 1940. En V. Bulmer-Thomas, J. Coatsworth y R. Cortés Conde (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of Latin America. Vol. 2: The Long Twentieth Century (pp. 11–56). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bulmer-Thomas, V. (1998). British trade with Latin America in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Institute of Latin American Studies Occasional Papers, 19, 1-26. Bulmer-Thomas, V. (2014). The economic history of Latin America since independence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cariola, C. y Sunkel, O. (1982). La historia económica de Chile 1830 y 1930: dos ensayos y una bibliografía. Madrid: Instituto de Cooperación Iberoamericana. Centeno, M. (1997). Blood and debt: war and taxation in nineteenth‐century Latin America. American Journal of Sociology, 102(6), 1565-1605. doi: 10.1086/231127 Coatsworth, J. y Williamson, J. (2004). Always protectionist? Latin American tariffs from independence to great depression. Journal of Latin American Studies, 36(2), 205-232. doi: 10.1017/S0022216X04007412 Cortés, H., Butelmann, A. y Videla, P. (1981). Proteccionismo en Chile: una visión retrospectiva. Cuadernos de Economía, 18(54-55), 141-194. Courcelle-Seneuil, J. G. (1856). Examen comparativo de la tarifa i lejislacion aduanera de Chile con las de Francia, Gran Bretaña i Estados-Unidos. Santiago: Imprenta Nacional. Couyoumdjian, J. Pablo. (2015). Importando modernidad. La evolución del pensamiento económico en Chile en el siglo xix. Historia, 1(48), 43-75. Díaz, J., Lüders. R. y Wagner, G. (2016). Chile 1810-2010. La República en cifras. Historical statistics. Santiago: Ediciones Universidad Católica de Chile. Díaz, J. y Wagner, G. (2004). Política comercial: instrumentos y antecedentes. Chile en los siglos xix y xx (Documento de trabajo núm. 23; pp. 1-158). Santiago: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Encina, F. A. (1912). Nuestra inferioridad económica. Sus causas, sus consecuencias. Santiago de Chile: Universitaria. Evenett, S. y Fritz, J. (2020). The global trade alert database handbook. Manuscrito, 14 de julio de 2020. Grossman, G. M. (2016). T
{"title":"Los designios de la política comercial de Chile: adecuaciones mediante y pragmatismo en las medidas legislativas, 1850-1914","authors":"Alfonso F. Alfonso F.","doi":"10.18232/1314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18232/1314","url":null,"abstract":"Accominotti, O. y Flandreau, M. (2008). Bilateral treaties and the most-favored-nation clause: the myth of trade liberalization in the nineteenth century. World Politics, 60(2), 147-188. doi: 10.1353/wp.0.0010\u0000\u0000Anguita, R. (1913). Leyes promulgadas en Chile desde 1810 hasta el 1 de junio de 1913. Santiago de Chile: Imprenta, Litografía i Encuadernación Barcelona.\u0000\u0000Bairoch, P. (1989). European trade policy, 1815-1914. En P. Mathias y S. Pollard (eds.), The cambridge economic history of europe from the decline of the roman empire: vol. 8. The industrial economies: the development of economic and social policies (pp. 1-160). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\u0000\u0000Baldwin, R. (2016). The great convergence: information technology and the new globalization. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.\u0000\u0000Bértola, L., y J. Williamson (2006). Globalization in Latin America Before 1940. En V. Bulmer-Thomas, J. Coatsworth y R. Cortés Conde (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of Latin America. Vol. 2: The Long Twentieth Century (pp. 11–56). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\u0000\u0000Bulmer-Thomas, V. (1998). British trade with Latin America in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Institute of Latin American Studies Occasional Papers, 19, 1-26.\u0000\u0000Bulmer-Thomas, V. (2014). The economic history of Latin America since independence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\u0000\u0000Cariola, C. y Sunkel, O. (1982). La historia económica de Chile 1830 y 1930: dos ensayos y una bibliografía. Madrid: Instituto de Cooperación Iberoamericana.\u0000\u0000Centeno, M. (1997). Blood and debt: war and taxation in nineteenth‐century Latin America. American Journal of Sociology, 102(6), 1565-1605. doi: 10.1086/231127\u0000\u0000Coatsworth, J. y Williamson, J. (2004). Always protectionist? Latin American tariffs from independence to great depression. Journal of Latin American Studies, 36(2), 205-232. doi: 10.1017/S0022216X04007412\u0000\u0000Cortés, H., Butelmann, A. y Videla, P. (1981). Proteccionismo en Chile: una visión retrospectiva. Cuadernos de Economía, 18(54-55), 141-194.\u0000\u0000Courcelle-Seneuil, J. G. (1856). Examen comparativo de la tarifa i lejislacion aduanera de Chile con las de Francia, Gran Bretaña i Estados-Unidos. Santiago: Imprenta Nacional.\u0000\u0000Couyoumdjian, J. Pablo. (2015). Importando modernidad. La evolución del pensamiento económico en Chile en el siglo xix. Historia, 1(48), 43-75.\u0000\u0000Díaz, J., Lüders. R. y Wagner, G. (2016). Chile 1810-2010. La República en cifras. Historical statistics. Santiago: Ediciones Universidad Católica de Chile.\u0000\u0000Díaz, J. y Wagner, G. (2004). Política comercial: instrumentos y antecedentes. Chile en los siglos xix y xx (Documento de trabajo núm. 23; pp. 1-158). Santiago: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.\u0000\u0000Encina, F. A. (1912). Nuestra inferioridad económica. Sus causas, sus consecuencias. Santiago de Chile: Universitaria.\u0000\u0000Evenett, S. y Fritz, J. (2020). The global trade alert database handbook. Manuscrito, 14 de julio de 2020.\u0000\u0000Grossman, G. M. (2016). T","PeriodicalId":48765,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72498690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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