P. Roy Chowdhury, Himani Medhi, K. Bhattacharyya, C. Hussain
The twenty‐first century is confronted with the consequences of enormous amounts of global emerging plastic waste resulting from an excessive use of plastic, which has been imparting several negative impacts on the environment and human health. Moreover, some novel variants have also been reported in some coastal environments, so far, as a result of mixing of plastic waste with various other matrices. As a result, the problem of various forms of plastic waste within the marine ecosystem has emerged as a major concern in recent years. The current review is focused on the detrimental implications of various emerging and novel plastic variants, with an emphasis on coastal and marine environments. This review highlights the fate and transportation patterns of plastic waste, along with the contemporary examples of its implications on marine biota. Additionally, this work also examines the impacts of marine plastic waste on the environment. The review further highlights the importance of circular economy of plastic waste for sustainability. Then in the end, the growing anxieties about the impacts of plastic waste on coastal as well as marine environment, along with the strategies for reducing its impacts on ecological sustainability are discussed.
{"title":"Impacts of emerging and novel plastic waste variants on marine and coastal ecosystems: Challenges and implications on the circular economy","authors":"P. Roy Chowdhury, Himani Medhi, K. Bhattacharyya, C. Hussain","doi":"10.1002/wene.480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.480","url":null,"abstract":"The twenty‐first century is confronted with the consequences of enormous amounts of global emerging plastic waste resulting from an excessive use of plastic, which has been imparting several negative impacts on the environment and human health. Moreover, some novel variants have also been reported in some coastal environments, so far, as a result of mixing of plastic waste with various other matrices. As a result, the problem of various forms of plastic waste within the marine ecosystem has emerged as a major concern in recent years. The current review is focused on the detrimental implications of various emerging and novel plastic variants, with an emphasis on coastal and marine environments. This review highlights the fate and transportation patterns of plastic waste, along with the contemporary examples of its implications on marine biota. Additionally, this work also examines the impacts of marine plastic waste on the environment. The review further highlights the importance of circular economy of plastic waste for sustainability. Then in the end, the growing anxieties about the impacts of plastic waste on coastal as well as marine environment, along with the strategies for reducing its impacts on ecological sustainability are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47002630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Ghose, Joshua J. Brown, T. Frankcombe, A. Page, A. Bayon
Water splitting (WS) driven by solar energy is considered as a promising strategy to produce renewable hydrogen from water with minimal environmental impact. Realization of large‐scale hydrogen production by this approach requires cost‐effective, efficient and stable materials to drive the WS reaction. Perovskite oxides have recently attracted widespread attention in WS applications due to their unique structural features, such as compositional and structural flexibility allowing them to achieve desired sunlight absorption capability, precise control of electrocatalytic and redox activity to drive the chemical reaction, tuneable bandgaps and band edges, and earth‐abundance. However, perovskite oxides contain a large family of metal oxides and experimental exploration of novel perovskites without a priori knowledge of their properties could be costly and time‐consuming. First‐principles approaches such as density functional theory (DFT) are a useful and cost‐effective alternative towards this end. In this review, DFT‐based calculations for accurate prediction of the critical properties of ABO3 perovskite oxides relevant to WS processes are surveyed. Structural, electronic, optical, surface, and thermal properties are grouped according to their relevance to photocatalytic (PC), electrochemical (EC), photo‐electrochemical (PEC), and solar thermal water splitting (STWS) processes. The challenges associated with the choice of exchange‐correlation (XC) functional in DFT methods for precise prediction of these properties are discussed and specific XC functionals have been recommended where experimental comparisons are possible.
{"title":"Density functional theory modeling of critical properties of perovskite oxides for water splitting applications","authors":"K. Ghose, Joshua J. Brown, T. Frankcombe, A. Page, A. Bayon","doi":"10.1002/wene.476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.476","url":null,"abstract":"Water splitting (WS) driven by solar energy is considered as a promising strategy to produce renewable hydrogen from water with minimal environmental impact. Realization of large‐scale hydrogen production by this approach requires cost‐effective, efficient and stable materials to drive the WS reaction. Perovskite oxides have recently attracted widespread attention in WS applications due to their unique structural features, such as compositional and structural flexibility allowing them to achieve desired sunlight absorption capability, precise control of electrocatalytic and redox activity to drive the chemical reaction, tuneable bandgaps and band edges, and earth‐abundance. However, perovskite oxides contain a large family of metal oxides and experimental exploration of novel perovskites without a priori knowledge of their properties could be costly and time‐consuming. First‐principles approaches such as density functional theory (DFT) are a useful and cost‐effective alternative towards this end. In this review, DFT‐based calculations for accurate prediction of the critical properties of ABO3 perovskite oxides relevant to WS processes are surveyed. Structural, electronic, optical, surface, and thermal properties are grouped according to their relevance to photocatalytic (PC), electrochemical (EC), photo‐electrochemical (PEC), and solar thermal water splitting (STWS) processes. The challenges associated with the choice of exchange‐correlation (XC) functional in DFT methods for precise prediction of these properties are discussed and specific XC functionals have been recommended where experimental comparisons are possible.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44075748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The continuous increase in global surface temperature, which has been triggered by the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration from anthropogenic activity, results in damage not only in the short term but also in the long term. This damage, called the social cost of carbon (SCC), has been widely estimated using integrated assessment models (IAMs). A large range of estimated SCC values have been observed because of uncertainties in IAMs' parameters. This study provides a comprehensive review of these uncertainties after dividing IAM modules into four categories: climate sensitivity, damage function, discount rate, and regional–sectoral validation. The review was conducted by comparing key ideas considered by various IAMs: socioeconomic conditions in relation to projected CO2 emissions, estimation of the atmospheric concentration of CO2, estimation of total radiative forcing, parameters of the temperature function, parameters of the damage function, and discount rate value. In addition, this study presents an alternative approach to capture the uncertainties embedded in the SCC estimation, using a machine learning approach. This enables a probabilistic evaluation of a specific level of SCC and improves our comprehension of the implication of the calculated SCC using IAMs. This alternative approach provides a basis for further study of SCC.
{"title":"An alternative approach to capture uncertainties embedded in the estimation of social cost of carbon","authors":"Desy Caesary, Hana Kim, M. Nam","doi":"10.1002/wene.475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.475","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous increase in global surface temperature, which has been triggered by the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration from anthropogenic activity, results in damage not only in the short term but also in the long term. This damage, called the social cost of carbon (SCC), has been widely estimated using integrated assessment models (IAMs). A large range of estimated SCC values have been observed because of uncertainties in IAMs' parameters. This study provides a comprehensive review of these uncertainties after dividing IAM modules into four categories: climate sensitivity, damage function, discount rate, and regional–sectoral validation. The review was conducted by comparing key ideas considered by various IAMs: socioeconomic conditions in relation to projected CO2 emissions, estimation of the atmospheric concentration of CO2, estimation of total radiative forcing, parameters of the temperature function, parameters of the damage function, and discount rate value. In addition, this study presents an alternative approach to capture the uncertainties embedded in the SCC estimation, using a machine learning approach. This enables a probabilistic evaluation of a specific level of SCC and improves our comprehension of the implication of the calculated SCC using IAMs. This alternative approach provides a basis for further study of SCC.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49293385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parabolic trough collectors and linear Fresnel collectors are mature technologies for power production, and they are being recently applied to provide solar heat for industrial needs. Conventionally, they use a liquid as heat transfer fluid, either thermal oil or water, to carry heat from the receivers up to the point of conversion or delivery. Although liquids offer excellent thermal properties, they show technical limitations, besides environmental concerns, which have encouraged the research on alternative solutions. This work reviews the main research works on the use of gases as heat transfer fluid in linear concentrating collectors, including solar power and heat production, highlighting the potential applications and technical challenges. The review indicates: first, gases offer potential to replace liquids, and second, there is a need for more research and development to define the best technical compromises to reach practical application in every sector.
{"title":"Direct gas heating in linear concentrating solar collectors for power and industrial process heat production: Applications and challenges","authors":"A. Lecuona-Neumann, A. Famiglietti","doi":"10.1002/wene.471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.471","url":null,"abstract":"Parabolic trough collectors and linear Fresnel collectors are mature technologies for power production, and they are being recently applied to provide solar heat for industrial needs. Conventionally, they use a liquid as heat transfer fluid, either thermal oil or water, to carry heat from the receivers up to the point of conversion or delivery. Although liquids offer excellent thermal properties, they show technical limitations, besides environmental concerns, which have encouraged the research on alternative solutions. This work reviews the main research works on the use of gases as heat transfer fluid in linear concentrating collectors, including solar power and heat production, highlighting the potential applications and technical challenges. The review indicates: first, gases offer potential to replace liquids, and second, there is a need for more research and development to define the best technical compromises to reach practical application in every sector.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48401201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is widely acknowledged as a sustainable power cycle. However, the traditional approach commonly adopted for its optimal design involves sequential consideration of working fluid selection, plant configuration, and component types, before the optimization of state parameters. This way, the design process fails to achieve an optimal design in most cases, since the process relies heavily on empirical judgments. To improve the design process, researchers have been exploring lately the suitability of machine learning techniques. It is however not clear yet if data‐driven designs of ORC plants are practically viable and accurate. To bridge this gap, this article reviews literature studies in the field. Overviews were first presented on the ORC technology and machine learning modeling approaches. Next, studies that applied machine‐learning methods for the design and performance prediction of ORC plants were discussed. Furthermore, studies that focused on ORC machine learning optimizations were discussed. The artificial neural network (ANN) approach was observed as the technique most frequently applied for ORC design and optimization. Additionally, researchers agree in general that machine‐learning methods can achieve accurate results, with significant reductions of computational time and cost. However, there is the risk of using inadequate data size in the machine learning design approach, or insufficient data set training time, all of which can affect accuracy. It is hoped that this effort would spur the practical implementation of machine learning techniques in the future design and optimization of ORC plants, toward the achievement of more sustainable energy technology.
{"title":"Machine learning for design and optimization of organic Rankine cycle plants: A review of current status and future perspectives","authors":"J. Oyekale, B. Oreko","doi":"10.1002/wene.474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.474","url":null,"abstract":"The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is widely acknowledged as a sustainable power cycle. However, the traditional approach commonly adopted for its optimal design involves sequential consideration of working fluid selection, plant configuration, and component types, before the optimization of state parameters. This way, the design process fails to achieve an optimal design in most cases, since the process relies heavily on empirical judgments. To improve the design process, researchers have been exploring lately the suitability of machine learning techniques. It is however not clear yet if data‐driven designs of ORC plants are practically viable and accurate. To bridge this gap, this article reviews literature studies in the field. Overviews were first presented on the ORC technology and machine learning modeling approaches. Next, studies that applied machine‐learning methods for the design and performance prediction of ORC plants were discussed. Furthermore, studies that focused on ORC machine learning optimizations were discussed. The artificial neural network (ANN) approach was observed as the technique most frequently applied for ORC design and optimization. Additionally, researchers agree in general that machine‐learning methods can achieve accurate results, with significant reductions of computational time and cost. However, there is the risk of using inadequate data size in the machine learning design approach, or insufficient data set training time, all of which can affect accuracy. It is hoped that this effort would spur the practical implementation of machine learning techniques in the future design and optimization of ORC plants, toward the achievement of more sustainable energy technology.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49111255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Eqbalpour, Amirhossein Andooz, E. Kowsari, S. Ramakrishna, Zahra Ansari Cheshmeh, A. Chinnappan
The sustainable use of plant biomass (PB) to produce new valuable compounds helps alleviate the world's excessive reliance on fossil fuels. Among the different processes available, pyrolysis has drawn significant attention for its efficiency in converting PB (including lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose) into solid, liquid, and gas products by thermal degradation. Moreover, the participation of ionic liquids (ILs) in the pyrolysis process can further facilitate this process, improve the quality of pyrolysis products, and enhance the operational parameters. This review article presents an in‐depth examination of how ILs enhance the pyrolysis of lignin, cellulose, and lignocellulose toward sustainability and circular economy (CE). The structural chemistry of the components of PB, namely cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose, is first discussed. Furthermore, the role of ILs in the pyrolysis of cellulose, lignin, and lignocellulose is thoroughly investigated. These roles include pre‐treating agent before pyrolysis, catalyst after or during pyrolysis, template during pyrolysis, and extractant after pyrolysis. In the following, the sustainability of PB pyrolysis with the participation of ILs is examined from three aspects: environmental, social, and economical. Finally, the PB pyrolysis was investigated from the CE aspect. There is no doubt that the participation of ILs in the pyrolysis process positively affects the operating conditions and product quality, so the whole process is only one step away from complete sustainability.
{"title":"A comprehensive review on how ionic liquids enhance the pyrolysis of cellulose, lignin, and lignocellulose toward a circular economy","authors":"Mohammad Eqbalpour, Amirhossein Andooz, E. Kowsari, S. Ramakrishna, Zahra Ansari Cheshmeh, A. Chinnappan","doi":"10.1002/wene.473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.473","url":null,"abstract":"The sustainable use of plant biomass (PB) to produce new valuable compounds helps alleviate the world's excessive reliance on fossil fuels. Among the different processes available, pyrolysis has drawn significant attention for its efficiency in converting PB (including lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose) into solid, liquid, and gas products by thermal degradation. Moreover, the participation of ionic liquids (ILs) in the pyrolysis process can further facilitate this process, improve the quality of pyrolysis products, and enhance the operational parameters. This review article presents an in‐depth examination of how ILs enhance the pyrolysis of lignin, cellulose, and lignocellulose toward sustainability and circular economy (CE). The structural chemistry of the components of PB, namely cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose, is first discussed. Furthermore, the role of ILs in the pyrolysis of cellulose, lignin, and lignocellulose is thoroughly investigated. These roles include pre‐treating agent before pyrolysis, catalyst after or during pyrolysis, template during pyrolysis, and extractant after pyrolysis. In the following, the sustainability of PB pyrolysis with the participation of ILs is examined from three aspects: environmental, social, and economical. Finally, the PB pyrolysis was investigated from the CE aspect. There is no doubt that the participation of ILs in the pyrolysis process positively affects the operating conditions and product quality, so the whole process is only one step away from complete sustainability.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48753818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Tharani, D. Durgalakshmi, Aruna K. Kunhiraman, S. Balakumar, R. A. Rakkesh
Zinc air batteries (ZABs) are gaining popularity as a viable substitute for lithium‐based batteries in recent years because of their availability of raw materials, high energy density, affordability, and renewability. However, there remain challenges that have not been solved, like the lack of bifunctional catalysts that would increase the kinetics of oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions (ORR and OER) in the cathodic layer of ZABs. Transition metal‐based catalyst (TMBCs) credited with high activity, stability and affordability are researched as a potential bifunctional catalyst. The review that is being presented intend to provide an overview of ZABs, specific information about TMBC types utilized in ZABs, as well as an explanation of the functions of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML).
{"title":"Hybrid zinc‐air battery (ZAB) with transition metal‐based electrocatalysts—A step toward next‐generation electrochemical energy storage","authors":"S. Tharani, D. Durgalakshmi, Aruna K. Kunhiraman, S. Balakumar, R. A. Rakkesh","doi":"10.1002/wene.472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.472","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc air batteries (ZABs) are gaining popularity as a viable substitute for lithium‐based batteries in recent years because of their availability of raw materials, high energy density, affordability, and renewability. However, there remain challenges that have not been solved, like the lack of bifunctional catalysts that would increase the kinetics of oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions (ORR and OER) in the cathodic layer of ZABs. Transition metal‐based catalyst (TMBCs) credited with high activity, stability and affordability are researched as a potential bifunctional catalyst. The review that is being presented intend to provide an overview of ZABs, specific information about TMBC types utilized in ZABs, as well as an explanation of the functions of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML).","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42814525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Keyvani, E. Whelan, Eadaoin Doddy, Damian Flynn
Dynamic line rating (DLR) systems are recognized as a cost‐effective and socially accepted asset for relieving network congestion and uprating existing transmission systems, based upon accessing additional weather‐dependent capacity of overhead lines. Although direct and indirect DLR methods are available, utilization of indirect weather‐based approaches, that is, sensors are not installed on the conductor, are of increasing interest due to fast installation times, that is, no requirement for line outages and lower capital costs, with achievable potential for wide‐area implementation. An extensive review is presented on the components and requirements of such systems, including weather stations, forecasting models, downscaling and DLR calculations, overhead line and conductor thermal models, and communication platforms. In addition, the features of practical instances of these systems are briefly reviewed. Moreover, a systematic approach is introduced for statistical evaluation of the high‐level DLR potential across an entire region, as well as an assessment of the line‐level DLR ampacities within an electrical grid, based on (weather forecasting) reanalysis data. The proposed methodology can disclose available additional capacity as part of early‐stage planning for wide‐area DLR systems. The island of Ireland and the 110 kV network of the Republic of Ireland (ROI) power system are considered as the study cases, with comparison made against seasonal static ratings and ambient temperature adjusted line rating methods.
{"title":"Indirect weather‐based approaches for increasing power transfer capabilities of electrical transmission networks","authors":"B. Keyvani, E. Whelan, Eadaoin Doddy, Damian Flynn","doi":"10.1002/wene.470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.470","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic line rating (DLR) systems are recognized as a cost‐effective and socially accepted asset for relieving network congestion and uprating existing transmission systems, based upon accessing additional weather‐dependent capacity of overhead lines. Although direct and indirect DLR methods are available, utilization of indirect weather‐based approaches, that is, sensors are not installed on the conductor, are of increasing interest due to fast installation times, that is, no requirement for line outages and lower capital costs, with achievable potential for wide‐area implementation. An extensive review is presented on the components and requirements of such systems, including weather stations, forecasting models, downscaling and DLR calculations, overhead line and conductor thermal models, and communication platforms. In addition, the features of practical instances of these systems are briefly reviewed. Moreover, a systematic approach is introduced for statistical evaluation of the high‐level DLR potential across an entire region, as well as an assessment of the line‐level DLR ampacities within an electrical grid, based on (weather forecasting) reanalysis data. The proposed methodology can disclose available additional capacity as part of early‐stage planning for wide‐area DLR systems. The island of Ireland and the 110 kV network of the Republic of Ireland (ROI) power system are considered as the study cases, with comparison made against seasonal static ratings and ambient temperature adjusted line rating methods.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46004016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The noise emission of wind turbines and farms can be an important and limiting factor for future cost reductions and growth of wind energy. Closing scientific and technological gaps on wind turbine noise is thus directly supporting the further development of renewable energy while reducing adverse reactions toward wind farms. The present article is providing guidance on the most relevant research directions from an engineering perspective, namely: simulation methods, wind tunnel testing, and wind turbine design. Each topic is addressed separately and specific scientific challenges are identified. Future research directions that may improve our physical understanding of wind turbine noise, as well as facilitate the deployment of wind energy, are outlined. It is concluded that future scientific research on the topic of wind turbine noise should be conducted in a multidisciplinary context to maximize its impact. The suggested topics shall be seen as a collection of what is seen as the most relevant topics across research and product development but shall not be seen as exclusive or interlinked with specific development plans.
{"title":"A roadmap for required technological advancements to further reduce onshore wind turbine noise impact on the environment","authors":"F. Bertagnolio, M. Herr, Kaj Dam Madsen","doi":"10.1002/wene.469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.469","url":null,"abstract":"The noise emission of wind turbines and farms can be an important and limiting factor for future cost reductions and growth of wind energy. Closing scientific and technological gaps on wind turbine noise is thus directly supporting the further development of renewable energy while reducing adverse reactions toward wind farms. The present article is providing guidance on the most relevant research directions from an engineering perspective, namely: simulation methods, wind tunnel testing, and wind turbine design. Each topic is addressed separately and specific scientific challenges are identified. Future research directions that may improve our physical understanding of wind turbine noise, as well as facilitate the deployment of wind energy, are outlined. It is concluded that future scientific research on the topic of wind turbine noise should be conducted in a multidisciplinary context to maximize its impact. The suggested topics shall be seen as a collection of what is seen as the most relevant topics across research and product development but shall not be seen as exclusive or interlinked with specific development plans.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43909710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lately, the generation of leftover food or cooked food waste has turned out to be a critical issue and its disposal in an environmental friendly way has been a challenge. This food waste is being sent for incineration and landfilling which results in a significant contribution to environmental pollution. Therefore, alternative methods for processing food waste in an environmentally benign way have been explored by many researchers. Thermochemical methods are one of those methods and are found to be promising for not only handling the food waste in an ecological way but also producing renewable energy efficiently in the form of bio‐oil and syngas along with a solid byproduct, that is, biochar. However, the generation of syngas is favored by only two thermochemical processes, fast pyrolysis, and gasification. Some derived processes such as co‐pyrolysis, and co‐gasification can also generate syngas. All these processes for syngas generation differ from each other in terms of process conditions (temperature, reaction agents, and residence time) and syngas quality generated (amount of syngas produced, syngas composition, and heating capacity). Additionally, supercritical water gasification is the latest process developed for processing food waste to generate syngas with much higher hydrogen fraction; however, it produces syngas with less yield and involves high operational costs.
{"title":"Syngas production from thermochemical conversion of mixed food waste: A review","authors":"S. Yadav, Priyanka Katiyar, M. Mesfer, M. Danish","doi":"10.1002/wene.468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.468","url":null,"abstract":"Lately, the generation of leftover food or cooked food waste has turned out to be a critical issue and its disposal in an environmental friendly way has been a challenge. This food waste is being sent for incineration and landfilling which results in a significant contribution to environmental pollution. Therefore, alternative methods for processing food waste in an environmentally benign way have been explored by many researchers. Thermochemical methods are one of those methods and are found to be promising for not only handling the food waste in an ecological way but also producing renewable energy efficiently in the form of bio‐oil and syngas along with a solid byproduct, that is, biochar. However, the generation of syngas is favored by only two thermochemical processes, fast pyrolysis, and gasification. Some derived processes such as co‐pyrolysis, and co‐gasification can also generate syngas. All these processes for syngas generation differ from each other in terms of process conditions (temperature, reaction agents, and residence time) and syngas quality generated (amount of syngas produced, syngas composition, and heating capacity). Additionally, supercritical water gasification is the latest process developed for processing food waste to generate syngas with much higher hydrogen fraction; however, it produces syngas with less yield and involves high operational costs.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43591273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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