The noise emission of wind turbines and farms can be an important and limiting factor for future cost reductions and growth of wind energy. Closing scientific and technological gaps on wind turbine noise is thus directly supporting the further development of renewable energy while reducing adverse reactions toward wind farms. The present article is providing guidance on the most relevant research directions from an engineering perspective, namely: simulation methods, wind tunnel testing, and wind turbine design. Each topic is addressed separately and specific scientific challenges are identified. Future research directions that may improve our physical understanding of wind turbine noise, as well as facilitate the deployment of wind energy, are outlined. It is concluded that future scientific research on the topic of wind turbine noise should be conducted in a multidisciplinary context to maximize its impact. The suggested topics shall be seen as a collection of what is seen as the most relevant topics across research and product development but shall not be seen as exclusive or interlinked with specific development plans.
{"title":"A roadmap for required technological advancements to further reduce onshore wind turbine noise impact on the environment","authors":"F. Bertagnolio, M. Herr, Kaj Dam Madsen","doi":"10.1002/wene.469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.469","url":null,"abstract":"The noise emission of wind turbines and farms can be an important and limiting factor for future cost reductions and growth of wind energy. Closing scientific and technological gaps on wind turbine noise is thus directly supporting the further development of renewable energy while reducing adverse reactions toward wind farms. The present article is providing guidance on the most relevant research directions from an engineering perspective, namely: simulation methods, wind tunnel testing, and wind turbine design. Each topic is addressed separately and specific scientific challenges are identified. Future research directions that may improve our physical understanding of wind turbine noise, as well as facilitate the deployment of wind energy, are outlined. It is concluded that future scientific research on the topic of wind turbine noise should be conducted in a multidisciplinary context to maximize its impact. The suggested topics shall be seen as a collection of what is seen as the most relevant topics across research and product development but shall not be seen as exclusive or interlinked with specific development plans.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43909710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lately, the generation of leftover food or cooked food waste has turned out to be a critical issue and its disposal in an environmental friendly way has been a challenge. This food waste is being sent for incineration and landfilling which results in a significant contribution to environmental pollution. Therefore, alternative methods for processing food waste in an environmentally benign way have been explored by many researchers. Thermochemical methods are one of those methods and are found to be promising for not only handling the food waste in an ecological way but also producing renewable energy efficiently in the form of bio‐oil and syngas along with a solid byproduct, that is, biochar. However, the generation of syngas is favored by only two thermochemical processes, fast pyrolysis, and gasification. Some derived processes such as co‐pyrolysis, and co‐gasification can also generate syngas. All these processes for syngas generation differ from each other in terms of process conditions (temperature, reaction agents, and residence time) and syngas quality generated (amount of syngas produced, syngas composition, and heating capacity). Additionally, supercritical water gasification is the latest process developed for processing food waste to generate syngas with much higher hydrogen fraction; however, it produces syngas with less yield and involves high operational costs.
{"title":"Syngas production from thermochemical conversion of mixed food waste: A review","authors":"S. Yadav, Priyanka Katiyar, M. Mesfer, M. Danish","doi":"10.1002/wene.468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.468","url":null,"abstract":"Lately, the generation of leftover food or cooked food waste has turned out to be a critical issue and its disposal in an environmental friendly way has been a challenge. This food waste is being sent for incineration and landfilling which results in a significant contribution to environmental pollution. Therefore, alternative methods for processing food waste in an environmentally benign way have been explored by many researchers. Thermochemical methods are one of those methods and are found to be promising for not only handling the food waste in an ecological way but also producing renewable energy efficiently in the form of bio‐oil and syngas along with a solid byproduct, that is, biochar. However, the generation of syngas is favored by only two thermochemical processes, fast pyrolysis, and gasification. Some derived processes such as co‐pyrolysis, and co‐gasification can also generate syngas. All these processes for syngas generation differ from each other in terms of process conditions (temperature, reaction agents, and residence time) and syngas quality generated (amount of syngas produced, syngas composition, and heating capacity). Additionally, supercritical water gasification is the latest process developed for processing food waste to generate syngas with much higher hydrogen fraction; however, it produces syngas with less yield and involves high operational costs.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43591273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Byrne, P. Lund, M. Asghar, Damian Flynn, L. Greco, Reinhard Haas, M. Röder, B. M. Romera, Bo Shen, G. Berndes, H. Bindslev, T. Johansson, Vikram Kumar, H. Kuwano, P. Morthorst, Lars J. Nilsson, David Serrano, I. Vasalos, Young-Doo Wang, Alexander Wokaun, Jae Ho Yun
{"title":"Issue Information","authors":"J. Byrne, P. Lund, M. Asghar, Damian Flynn, L. Greco, Reinhard Haas, M. Röder, B. M. Romera, Bo Shen, G. Berndes, H. Bindslev, T. Johansson, Vikram Kumar, H. Kuwano, P. Morthorst, Lars J. Nilsson, David Serrano, I. Vasalos, Young-Doo Wang, Alexander Wokaun, Jae Ho Yun","doi":"10.1002/wene.441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.441","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41461842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phase change materials (PCMs) are an efficient alternative to store and release heat at a specific range of temperature. Here PCMs and heat enhancement methodologies for PCM storage are reviewed. A short overview of PCMs and their applications is presented in addition to the progress during the last 10 years. Heat enhancement techniques, that is, extended surfaces, multiple and composite PCMs, and encapsulation techniques, are presented along with a statistical overview of studies during 2016–2021. The importance of various fin and storage tank geometries (extended surfaces) is discussed in detail. Advancement in the latest heat enhancement techniques such as use of nano‐enhanced PCMs is presented. Recommendations for future research are provided.
{"title":"A review of phase change materials and heat enhancement methodologies","authors":"Muhammad Saqib, R. Andrzejczyk","doi":"10.1002/wene.467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.467","url":null,"abstract":"Phase change materials (PCMs) are an efficient alternative to store and release heat at a specific range of temperature. Here PCMs and heat enhancement methodologies for PCM storage are reviewed. A short overview of PCMs and their applications is presented in addition to the progress during the last 10 years. Heat enhancement techniques, that is, extended surfaces, multiple and composite PCMs, and encapsulation techniques, are presented along with a statistical overview of studies during 2016–2021. The importance of various fin and storage tank geometries (extended surfaces) is discussed in detail. Advancement in the latest heat enhancement techniques such as use of nano‐enhanced PCMs is presented. Recommendations for future research are provided.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45064702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices are very unique and important for providing solutions to clean, smart, and green energy sectors particularly for stationary and automobile applications. They are broadly classified and overviewed with a special emphasis on rechargeable batteries (Li‐ion, Li‐oxygen, Li‐sulfur, Na‐ion, and redox flow batteries), electrocatalysts, and membrane electrolytes for fuel cells. The critical challenges for the development of sustainable energy storage systems are the intrinsically limited energy density, poor rate capability, cost, safety, and durability. Albeit huge advancements have been made to address these challenges, it is still long way to reach the energy demand, especially in the large‐scale storage and e‐mobility. A landscape of battery materials developments including the next generation battery technology is meticulously arrived, which enables to explore the alternate energy storage technology. Next generation energy storage systems such as Li‐oxygen, Li‐sulfur, and Na‐ion chemistries can be the potential option for outperforming the state‐of‐art Li‐ion batteries. Also, redox flow batteries, which are generally recognized as a possible alternative for large‐scale storage electricity, have the unique virtue of decoupling power and energy. In this overview, a systematic survey on the materials challenges and a comprehensive understanding of the structure–property–performance relationship of the storage and conversion devices is covered. Further, in‐depth detailing of various catalysts and membrane electrolytes that can be explored as a viable alternative for polymer electrolyte fuel cells as well as direction toward futuristic research areas is highlighted.
{"title":"Electrochemical energy storage and conversion: An overview","authors":"P. Ragupathy, S. Bhat, N. Kalaiselvi","doi":"10.1002/wene.464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.464","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices are very unique and important for providing solutions to clean, smart, and green energy sectors particularly for stationary and automobile applications. They are broadly classified and overviewed with a special emphasis on rechargeable batteries (Li‐ion, Li‐oxygen, Li‐sulfur, Na‐ion, and redox flow batteries), electrocatalysts, and membrane electrolytes for fuel cells. The critical challenges for the development of sustainable energy storage systems are the intrinsically limited energy density, poor rate capability, cost, safety, and durability. Albeit huge advancements have been made to address these challenges, it is still long way to reach the energy demand, especially in the large‐scale storage and e‐mobility. A landscape of battery materials developments including the next generation battery technology is meticulously arrived, which enables to explore the alternate energy storage technology. Next generation energy storage systems such as Li‐oxygen, Li‐sulfur, and Na‐ion chemistries can be the potential option for outperforming the state‐of‐art Li‐ion batteries. Also, redox flow batteries, which are generally recognized as a possible alternative for large‐scale storage electricity, have the unique virtue of decoupling power and energy. In this overview, a systematic survey on the materials challenges and a comprehensive understanding of the structure–property–performance relationship of the storage and conversion devices is covered. Further, in‐depth detailing of various catalysts and membrane electrolytes that can be explored as a viable alternative for polymer electrolyte fuel cells as well as direction toward futuristic research areas is highlighted.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45672613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anion exchange membrane (AEM)‐based fuel cells as an alternative to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are attracting a lot of attention due to lower cost perceived due to use of non‐platinum group metals as the catalysts. This review has focused on the advancements in the materials that have led to achievements in performances similar to that of PEMFC and the challenges that need to be overcome to bring the technology to commercialization. The improvements in the properties of the AEM, the advancements in the AEM, binders and understandings of the cationic species adsorption on the catalysts have led to improved performances >3 W cm−2. The review also highlights the importance of the stability issues of the membranes that has to be overcome for >5000 h of continuous operation for commercialization of the alkaline AEM fuel cell technology. The advancements in other operational parameters like water management, carbonation are also highlighted.
基于阴离子交换膜（AEM）的燃料电池作为质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）的替代品，由于使用非铂族金属作为催化剂而降低了成本，因此备受关注。这篇综述的重点是材料的进步，这些进步导致了与PEMFC类似的性能成就，以及将该技术商业化所需克服的挑战。AEM性能的改进、AEM、粘合剂的进步以及对阳离子物质在催化剂上吸附的理解导致性能的提高>3 W cm−2。该综述还强调了膜稳定性问题的重要性，对于>5000 h用于碱性AEM燃料电池技术商业化的连续操作。还强调了水管理、碳酸化等其他操作参数的进步。
{"title":"Anion exchange membrane fuel cell: New insights and advancements","authors":"R. Vedarajan, R. Balaji, K. Ramya","doi":"10.1002/wene.466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.466","url":null,"abstract":"Anion exchange membrane (AEM)‐based fuel cells as an alternative to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are attracting a lot of attention due to lower cost perceived due to use of non‐platinum group metals as the catalysts. This review has focused on the advancements in the materials that have led to achievements in performances similar to that of PEMFC and the challenges that need to be overcome to bring the technology to commercialization. The improvements in the properties of the AEM, the advancements in the AEM, binders and understandings of the cationic species adsorption on the catalysts have led to improved performances >3 W cm−2. The review also highlights the importance of the stability issues of the membranes that has to be overcome for >5000 h of continuous operation for commercialization of the alkaline AEM fuel cell technology. The advancements in other operational parameters like water management, carbonation are also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48419128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ongoing energy issues worldwide have led to the continuous growth of the electrochemical energy storage system in recent years, and the battery is a vital part of it. The battery market, mainly rechargeable batteries, is expanding rapidly to cater to the demands of the changing society, along with the utilization of batteries in electric vehicles, the renewable energy sector, and the industrial sector. From the matured technology like the lead–acid battery to the most advanced Li‐ion (Li‐ion) battery, rechargeable battery technology has developed significantly. In comparison to the conventional lead–acid battery, other rechargeable battery technologies such as Li‐ion, nickel–metal hydride (NiMH), and nickel–cadmium (Ni–Cd) batteries are considered as more promising electrochemical energy storage systems. The Li‐ion battery, which has been on the market since 1991, is the most popular rechargeable battery due to its high energy density and good durability. With the growing market demand of battery with superior electrochemical performance in terms of specific energy, cyclability, stability, and better safety, next generation Li‐ion batteries are being widely explored in the recent time. This review discusses various rechargeable batteries which are in trend and the issues and challenges associated with it. The advancements that have taken place primarily in the electrode (both cathode and anode) materials, along with electrolytes, for improving the battery performance from the year 2000 onwards are discussed. Moreover, discussion on next‐generation batteries is also covered in this review.
{"title":"Recent advancement in rechargeable battery technologies","authors":"Saswati Sarmah, Lakhanlal, B. Kakati, D. Deka","doi":"10.1002/wene.461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.461","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing energy issues worldwide have led to the continuous growth of the electrochemical energy storage system in recent years, and the battery is a vital part of it. The battery market, mainly rechargeable batteries, is expanding rapidly to cater to the demands of the changing society, along with the utilization of batteries in electric vehicles, the renewable energy sector, and the industrial sector. From the matured technology like the lead–acid battery to the most advanced Li‐ion (Li‐ion) battery, rechargeable battery technology has developed significantly. In comparison to the conventional lead–acid battery, other rechargeable battery technologies such as Li‐ion, nickel–metal hydride (NiMH), and nickel–cadmium (Ni–Cd) batteries are considered as more promising electrochemical energy storage systems. The Li‐ion battery, which has been on the market since 1991, is the most popular rechargeable battery due to its high energy density and good durability. With the growing market demand of battery with superior electrochemical performance in terms of specific energy, cyclability, stability, and better safety, next generation Li‐ion batteries are being widely explored in the recent time. This review discusses various rechargeable batteries which are in trend and the issues and challenges associated with it. The advancements that have taken place primarily in the electrode (both cathode and anode) materials, along with electrolytes, for improving the battery performance from the year 2000 onwards are discussed. Moreover, discussion on next‐generation batteries is also covered in this review.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43728906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. L. Sørensen, P. Nystrup, M. B. Bjerregård, J. Møller, P. Bacher, H. Madsen
The intermittency of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, means that they require reliable and accurate forecasts to integrate properly into energy systems. This review introduces and examines a selection of state‐of‐the‐art methods that are applied for multivariate forecasting of wind and solar power production. Methods such as conditional parametric and combined forecasting already see wide use in practice, both commercially and scientifically. In the context of multivariate forecasting, it is vital to model the dependence between forecasts correctly. In recent years, reconciliation of forecasts to ensure coherency across spatial and temporal aggregation levels has shown great promise in increasing the accuracy of renewable energy forecasts. We introduce the methodology used for forecast reconciliation and review some recent applications for wind and solar power forecasting. Many forecasters are beginning to see the benefit of the greater information provided by probabilistic forecasts. We highlight stochastic differential equations as a method for probabilistic forecasting, which can also model the dependence structure. Lastly, we discuss forecast evaluation and how choosing a proper approach to evaluation is vital to avoid misrepresenting forecasts.
{"title":"Recent developments in multivariate wind and solar power forecasting","authors":"M. L. Sørensen, P. Nystrup, M. B. Bjerregård, J. Møller, P. Bacher, H. Madsen","doi":"10.1002/wene.465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.465","url":null,"abstract":"The intermittency of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, means that they require reliable and accurate forecasts to integrate properly into energy systems. This review introduces and examines a selection of state‐of‐the‐art methods that are applied for multivariate forecasting of wind and solar power production. Methods such as conditional parametric and combined forecasting already see wide use in practice, both commercially and scientifically. In the context of multivariate forecasting, it is vital to model the dependence between forecasts correctly. In recent years, reconciliation of forecasts to ensure coherency across spatial and temporal aggregation levels has shown great promise in increasing the accuracy of renewable energy forecasts. We introduce the methodology used for forecast reconciliation and review some recent applications for wind and solar power forecasting. Many forecasters are beginning to see the benefit of the greater information provided by probabilistic forecasts. We highlight stochastic differential equations as a method for probabilistic forecasting, which can also model the dependence structure. Lastly, we discuss forecast evaluation and how choosing a proper approach to evaluation is vital to avoid misrepresenting forecasts.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47698758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Srabanti Ghosh, S. Bera, Soumita Samajdar, Sourabh Pal
Phosphorene, also referred to as phosphorus‐based elemental material (black and red), display unusual electronic‐structure characteristics, which can significantly enrich the fields of energy application and possesses huge potential in photocatalysis owing to its bandgap tunability, high optical absorption, large surface area, high charge carrier mobilities, and efficient solar to chemical energy conversion. However, due to chemical instability and the poor visible‐light utilization efficiency, individual phosphorus materials cannot promote charge transfer and separation. For designing active photocatalysts, phosphorus‐based hybrid materials with effective charge carriers separation at the heterojunction interface has played significant role. In this respect, considerable attempts have been made to fabricate black–red phosphorus heterostructure for photocatalytic applications and solar fuel generation, such as photocatalytic and electrocatalysis water splitting, CO2 reduction, carbohydrates synthesis, etc. This review article highlights the strategies for the synthesis of black–red phosphorus heterostructure materials for catalysis with a special focus on their potential for solar fuel generation applications. Recently developed black–red phosphorus heterostructure will be discussed, which can improve the most challenging drawback of phosphorus materials. Finally, the major challenges along with future trends of black–red phosphorus heterostructure in catalytic applications are outlined.
{"title":"Phosphorus based hybrid materials for green fuel generation","authors":"Srabanti Ghosh, S. Bera, Soumita Samajdar, Sourabh Pal","doi":"10.1002/wene.458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.458","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorene, also referred to as phosphorus‐based elemental material (black and red), display unusual electronic‐structure characteristics, which can significantly enrich the fields of energy application and possesses huge potential in photocatalysis owing to its bandgap tunability, high optical absorption, large surface area, high charge carrier mobilities, and efficient solar to chemical energy conversion. However, due to chemical instability and the poor visible‐light utilization efficiency, individual phosphorus materials cannot promote charge transfer and separation. For designing active photocatalysts, phosphorus‐based hybrid materials with effective charge carriers separation at the heterojunction interface has played significant role. In this respect, considerable attempts have been made to fabricate black–red phosphorus heterostructure for photocatalytic applications and solar fuel generation, such as photocatalytic and electrocatalysis water splitting, CO2 reduction, carbohydrates synthesis, etc. This review article highlights the strategies for the synthesis of black–red phosphorus heterostructure materials for catalysis with a special focus on their potential for solar fuel generation applications. Recently developed black–red phosphorus heterostructure will be discussed, which can improve the most challenging drawback of phosphorus materials. Finally, the major challenges along with future trends of black–red phosphorus heterostructure in catalytic applications are outlined.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46828348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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