M. Cheah‐Mane, A. Egea-Àlvarez, E. Prieto‐Araujo, H. Mehrjerdi, O. Gomis‐Bellmunt, Lie Xu
The stability, operation, and control of power networks have been challenged due to the increased penetration of power electronic converters. New instability phenomena have appeared due to the interaction of the power converter controllers with other power network elements, including other power converters. Small‐signal tools have been proved effective to identify and mitigate stability issues but their development is still ongoing. This article presents the state of the art on small‐signal modeling and stability assessment of converter‐dominated networks. The modeling of converters and other power system components is reviewed, as well as the most common small‐signal analysis techniques employed in conventional and modern power systems with power electronics. Two case studies are introduced to exemplify the modeling and stability analysis, employing some of the techniques presented in the article.
{"title":"Modeling and analysis approaches for small‐signal stability assessment of power‐electronic‐dominated systems","authors":"M. Cheah‐Mane, A. Egea-Àlvarez, E. Prieto‐Araujo, H. Mehrjerdi, O. Gomis‐Bellmunt, Lie Xu","doi":"10.1002/wene.453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.453","url":null,"abstract":"The stability, operation, and control of power networks have been challenged due to the increased penetration of power electronic converters. New instability phenomena have appeared due to the interaction of the power converter controllers with other power network elements, including other power converters. Small‐signal tools have been proved effective to identify and mitigate stability issues but their development is still ongoing. This article presents the state of the art on small‐signal modeling and stability assessment of converter‐dominated networks. The modeling of converters and other power system components is reviewed, as well as the most common small‐signal analysis techniques employed in conventional and modern power systems with power electronics. Two case studies are introduced to exemplify the modeling and stability analysis, employing some of the techniques presented in the article.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47771261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luca Casamassima, L. Bottecchia, Axel Bruck, L. Kranzl, Reinhard Haas
The concept of Positive Energy Districts (PEDs), introduced in the Strategic Energy Technology Plan, is one of the fundamental approaches for a successful, clean and sustainable urbanization by 2025. According to the European Commission, a PED is a set of buildings where the community controls the energy flows and aims at a net positive energy balance over a year by utilizing renewable energy sources. There are a plethora of concepts similar to PEDs, such as Positive Energy Community, Net Zero Energy Neighborhood, Plus Energy Districts, that create a need to establish a structure that can facilitate the definition, development, and precise identification of PEDs. Thus, this paper aims to fill this research gap by comparing these and other related concepts through a critical literature review based on three pillars composing the triangle of sustainability: economic, social and environmental. By doing this, the paper aims to determine the connections between these similar concepts, homogenize the use of terms and avoid the issue of repetitions, which can help draw lessons learnt from other energy‐savings concepts. This study shows how PEDs and Nearly Zero Energy Communities have similar bases, aims and omissions. They diverge in a few key concepts, which can become learning points for PEDs.
{"title":"Economic, social, and environmental aspects of Positive Energy Districts—A review","authors":"Luca Casamassima, L. Bottecchia, Axel Bruck, L. Kranzl, Reinhard Haas","doi":"10.1002/wene.452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.452","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of Positive Energy Districts (PEDs), introduced in the Strategic Energy Technology Plan, is one of the fundamental approaches for a successful, clean and sustainable urbanization by 2025. According to the European Commission, a PED is a set of buildings where the community controls the energy flows and aims at a net positive energy balance over a year by utilizing renewable energy sources. There are a plethora of concepts similar to PEDs, such as Positive Energy Community, Net Zero Energy Neighborhood, Plus Energy Districts, that create a need to establish a structure that can facilitate the definition, development, and precise identification of PEDs. Thus, this paper aims to fill this research gap by comparing these and other related concepts through a critical literature review based on three pillars composing the triangle of sustainability: economic, social and environmental. By doing this, the paper aims to determine the connections between these similar concepts, homogenize the use of terms and avoid the issue of repetitions, which can help draw lessons learnt from other energy‐savings concepts. This study shows how PEDs and Nearly Zero Energy Communities have similar bases, aims and omissions. They diverge in a few key concepts, which can become learning points for PEDs.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41692629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present the review of two interlinked challenges in modern electric power systems: the transformation to a cyber‐physical system, and the integration of power electronics‐interfaced renewables. Electric power systems are being modernized with the integration of power electronics‐interfaced devices (PEID) and communication‐enabled cyber‐applications. This paper reviews the concepts, studies, and testbeds for cyber‐physical power systems (CPPS), as well as the modeling of power electronics‐based devices for physical power system stability simulations. The CPPS concept is introduced in the National Institute of Standard Technology framework for cyber‐physical systems, with an emphasis on CPPS subsystems. For the physical subsystem, PEID components are generalized into the primary source and the grid interface, while controllers are generalized as a reference generator and a reference tracker. Next, the cybersecurity research objectives are summarized, followed by a categorization of CPPS studies. Further, testbed techniques for integrating communication networks with power system simulation are reviewed. Also, challenges and future directions in the area of CPPS are discussed.
{"title":"Power electronics‐interfaced cyber‐physical power systems: A review on modeling, simulation, and cybersecurity","authors":"Hantao Cui, Yichen Zhang, K. Tomsovic, F. Li","doi":"10.1002/wene.448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.448","url":null,"abstract":"We present the review of two interlinked challenges in modern electric power systems: the transformation to a cyber‐physical system, and the integration of power electronics‐interfaced renewables. Electric power systems are being modernized with the integration of power electronics‐interfaced devices (PEID) and communication‐enabled cyber‐applications. This paper reviews the concepts, studies, and testbeds for cyber‐physical power systems (CPPS), as well as the modeling of power electronics‐based devices for physical power system stability simulations. The CPPS concept is introduced in the National Institute of Standard Technology framework for cyber‐physical systems, with an emphasis on CPPS subsystems. For the physical subsystem, PEID components are generalized into the primary source and the grid interface, while controllers are generalized as a reference generator and a reference tracker. Next, the cybersecurity research objectives are summarized, followed by a categorization of CPPS studies. Further, testbed techniques for integrating communication networks with power system simulation are reviewed. Also, challenges and future directions in the area of CPPS are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41794905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephanie A. Siehr, Minmin Sun, José Luis Aranda Nucamendi
Climate disruption and rapid urbanization present numerous challenges to infrastructure and communities in Chinese cities, from flooding and coastal erosion, to drought and pollution. This review article focuses on the utilization of Blue‐Green Infrastructure (BGI)—a suite of nature‐based strategies combining hydrological functions (blue) with vegetated landscaping (green)—to provide climate resilience and urban multifunctionality in China's large, high‐density cities. Chinese cities are utilizing BGI in new construction, in neighborhood retrofits, and in revival of ancient nature‐based infrastructure. The literature gives most attention to BGI in China's Sponge City Initiative that addresses the pluvial flooding crisis. Quantitative monitoring of BGI shows progress in stormwater‐related functions and to a lesser extent with rainwater utilization to address water scarcity. Other studies document multifunctional aspects of BGI, including cooling and energy‐saving functions of urban trees and green roofs, and green space expansion with parks that serve as retention basins. However, significant challenges and potential remain. China's urban infrastructure, including BGI, needs stronger design to be robust under extreme conditions as climate disruption intensifies. There is potential for BGI to more fully address habitat fragmentation, extreme heat, sea‐level rise and other climate and urbanization hazards. Further research and pilot projects are needed to characterize and quantify the benefits of multifunctional BGI. More integrated planning across city sectors, with greater incorporation of ecological and social functions, will help Chinese cities achieve multiple goals: providing carbon‐neutral and climate‐resilient infrastructure, improving air and water quality, regenerating ecosystems, and enhancing urban quality of life.
{"title":"Blue‐green infrastructure for climate resilience and urban multifunctionality in Chinese cities","authors":"Stephanie A. Siehr, Minmin Sun, José Luis Aranda Nucamendi","doi":"10.1002/wene.447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.447","url":null,"abstract":"Climate disruption and rapid urbanization present numerous challenges to infrastructure and communities in Chinese cities, from flooding and coastal erosion, to drought and pollution. This review article focuses on the utilization of Blue‐Green Infrastructure (BGI)—a suite of nature‐based strategies combining hydrological functions (blue) with vegetated landscaping (green)—to provide climate resilience and urban multifunctionality in China's large, high‐density cities. Chinese cities are utilizing BGI in new construction, in neighborhood retrofits, and in revival of ancient nature‐based infrastructure. The literature gives most attention to BGI in China's Sponge City Initiative that addresses the pluvial flooding crisis. Quantitative monitoring of BGI shows progress in stormwater‐related functions and to a lesser extent with rainwater utilization to address water scarcity. Other studies document multifunctional aspects of BGI, including cooling and energy‐saving functions of urban trees and green roofs, and green space expansion with parks that serve as retention basins. However, significant challenges and potential remain. China's urban infrastructure, including BGI, needs stronger design to be robust under extreme conditions as climate disruption intensifies. There is potential for BGI to more fully address habitat fragmentation, extreme heat, sea‐level rise and other climate and urbanization hazards. Further research and pilot projects are needed to characterize and quantify the benefits of multifunctional BGI. More integrated planning across city sectors, with greater incorporation of ecological and social functions, will help Chinese cities achieve multiple goals: providing carbon‐neutral and climate‐resilient infrastructure, improving air and water quality, regenerating ecosystems, and enhancing urban quality of life.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43939997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to produce electricity beyond insolation hours and supply to the electrical grid, thermal energy storage (TES) system plays a major role in CSP (concentrated solar power) plants. Current CSP plants use molten salts as both sensible heat storage media and heat transfer fluid, to operate up to 560°C. To meet the future high operating temperature and efficiency, thermochemical storage (TCS) emerged as an attractive alternatives for next generation CSP plants. In these systems, the solar thermal energy is stored by endothermic reaction and subsequently released when the energy is needed by exothermic reversible reaction. This review compares and summarizes different thermochemical storage systems that are currently being investigated, especially TCS based on metal oxides. Various experimental, numerical, and technological studies on the development of particle reactors and materials for high‐temperature TCS applications are presented. Advantages and disadvantages of different types heat storage systems (sensible, latent, and thermochemical), and particle receivers (stacked, fluidized, and entrained), have been discussed and reported.
{"title":"A review on high‐temperature thermochemical heat storage: Particle reactors and materials based on solid–gas reactions","authors":"Selvan Bellan, T. Kodama, N. Gokon, K. Matsubara","doi":"10.1002/wene.440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.440","url":null,"abstract":"In order to produce electricity beyond insolation hours and supply to the electrical grid, thermal energy storage (TES) system plays a major role in CSP (concentrated solar power) plants. Current CSP plants use molten salts as both sensible heat storage media and heat transfer fluid, to operate up to 560°C. To meet the future high operating temperature and efficiency, thermochemical storage (TCS) emerged as an attractive alternatives for next generation CSP plants. In these systems, the solar thermal energy is stored by endothermic reaction and subsequently released when the energy is needed by exothermic reversible reaction. This review compares and summarizes different thermochemical storage systems that are currently being investigated, especially TCS based on metal oxides. Various experimental, numerical, and technological studies on the development of particle reactors and materials for high‐temperature TCS applications are presented. Advantages and disadvantages of different types heat storage systems (sensible, latent, and thermochemical), and particle receivers (stacked, fluidized, and entrained), have been discussed and reported.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48153359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
More than 30 years have passed since Curitiba, Brazil, and Jaime Lerner, the three‐time mayor of the city, first became famous for the innovations that were implemented there, many environmental in focus. The most famous of these was the creation of a highly used and efficient public transportation system based on buses. Many have sought to emulate elements of the innovation put in place in that city. In recent years, however, both the country and the city have been beset by political scandals, economic malaise, and social problems, which have adversely affected many of these innovations. As a result, some question whether Curitiba remains relevant today as a model for the rest of the world. This perspective will examine the legacy of Lerner and Curitiba. Focusing on the public transportation system, it will make the case that the innovative principles underlying the original design of the public transportation system remain as relevant today for Curitiba and cities globally as they were then. These principles are design of an efficient and hierarchical public transportation system that takes its users from their first mile of commute to their last mile; construction of an urban infrastructure that supports and enhances use of public transportation; establishment of an effective public–private partnership where the private sector owns, operates and upgrades the vehicles while the public sector plans and oversees the system; and creation of a metropolitan governance strategy when the needs for public transportation go beyond city borders.
{"title":"The legacy of Jaime Lerner and Curitiba, Brazil","authors":"D. Bleviss","doi":"10.1002/wene.436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.436","url":null,"abstract":"More than 30 years have passed since Curitiba, Brazil, and Jaime Lerner, the three‐time mayor of the city, first became famous for the innovations that were implemented there, many environmental in focus. The most famous of these was the creation of a highly used and efficient public transportation system based on buses. Many have sought to emulate elements of the innovation put in place in that city. In recent years, however, both the country and the city have been beset by political scandals, economic malaise, and social problems, which have adversely affected many of these innovations. As a result, some question whether Curitiba remains relevant today as a model for the rest of the world. This perspective will examine the legacy of Lerner and Curitiba. Focusing on the public transportation system, it will make the case that the innovative principles underlying the original design of the public transportation system remain as relevant today for Curitiba and cities globally as they were then. These principles are design of an efficient and hierarchical public transportation system that takes its users from their first mile of commute to their last mile; construction of an urban infrastructure that supports and enhances use of public transportation; establishment of an effective public–private partnership where the private sector owns, operates and upgrades the vehicles while the public sector plans and oversees the system; and creation of a metropolitan governance strategy when the needs for public transportation go beyond city borders.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45499692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Byrne, P. Lund, M. Asghar, Damian Flynn, L. Greco, Reinhard Haas, M. Röder, Bo Shen, Jae Ho Yun, G. Berndes, H. Bindslev, T. Johansson, H. Kuwano, P. Morthorst, Lars J. Nilsson, David Serrano, I. Vasalos, Young-Doo Wang, Alexander Wokaun
{"title":"Issue Information","authors":"J. Byrne, P. Lund, M. Asghar, Damian Flynn, L. Greco, Reinhard Haas, M. Röder, Bo Shen, Jae Ho Yun, G. Berndes, H. Bindslev, T. Johansson, H. Kuwano, P. Morthorst, Lars J. Nilsson, David Serrano, I. Vasalos, Young-Doo Wang, Alexander Wokaun","doi":"10.1002/wene.407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41775129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unique features of vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), such as easy scalability and long durability, qualifies it as one of the prominent renewable energy storage technologies. Attracted by its features, scientific and commercial community around the globe have now begun to test prototypes/demonstrations of VRFB for a wide array of applications that deal at a scale of kW‐MW. A few scientific groups have discussed the design and performance of kW‐scale (up to 10 kW) VRFB in literature. It is interesting to note that the discussed designs have been developed with a diverse approach and have achieved different results. In this review, we critically examine and discuss those contributions at kW‐scale VRFB by analyzing the materials associated with their design, understanding the development of the flow engineering aspects in order to tackle the pressure and shunt current losses and the overall electrochemical performance. Till date, kW‐scale VRFB system has achieved an energy efficiency of ~80% at current densities of 100 mA⋅cm−2. Though the choice for majority of VRFB components is fixed, the right choice for its separator/membrane still needs to be standardized. With these aspects in picture, this review article will help to lay a background for researchers and engineers to know the present state‐of‐art and engineering issues at kW‐scale VRFB, which is a building block for scaling up.
{"title":"Technical benchmarking and challenges of kilowatt scale vanadium redox flow battery","authors":"Manshu Kapoor, Anil Verma","doi":"10.1002/wene.439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.439","url":null,"abstract":"Unique features of vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), such as easy scalability and long durability, qualifies it as one of the prominent renewable energy storage technologies. Attracted by its features, scientific and commercial community around the globe have now begun to test prototypes/demonstrations of VRFB for a wide array of applications that deal at a scale of kW‐MW. A few scientific groups have discussed the design and performance of kW‐scale (up to 10 kW) VRFB in literature. It is interesting to note that the discussed designs have been developed with a diverse approach and have achieved different results. In this review, we critically examine and discuss those contributions at kW‐scale VRFB by analyzing the materials associated with their design, understanding the development of the flow engineering aspects in order to tackle the pressure and shunt current losses and the overall electrochemical performance. Till date, kW‐scale VRFB system has achieved an energy efficiency of ~80% at current densities of 100 mA⋅cm−2. Though the choice for majority of VRFB components is fixed, the right choice for its separator/membrane still needs to be standardized. With these aspects in picture, this review article will help to lay a background for researchers and engineers to know the present state‐of‐art and engineering issues at kW‐scale VRFB, which is a building block for scaling up.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41693455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Job Taminiau, J. Byrne, Jongkyu Kim, Min-Hwi Kim, J. Seo
Data analysis and collection techniques now allow for detailed inventory‐building of urban rooftops for the purposes of identifying solar energy potential within geographically defined boundaries, including those of cities. The complexity and inherent diversity of a city's building stock has propelled the introduction of many so‐called “solar city” assessment methods that, with varying levels of accuracy, scalability, and ease of use, seek to characterize the citywide solar photovoltaic (PV) resource potential. A review of the landscape of available methods supports a fundamental distinction across two classes of methods. First, “solar city” assessment methods can principally rely on inference to identify and characterize rooftop solar potential. Such inferential methods can establish estimates of citywide solar potential without needing direct insight into rooftop conditions or morphology, Second, measurement‐based methods estimate rooftop solar opportunities based on the direct measurement of rooftop conditions, often conducted through remote sensing. Comparative performance testing of several inferential‐ and measurement‐based methods using case study analysis underscores the importance of measurement‐based methods. In particular, measurement‐based methods are likely better positioned to support the needs of policy‐makers and investors interested in transforming a city or metropolitan area into a sustainable city whose buildings serve as the host of a new solar PV‐powered distributed electricity service system.
{"title":"Inferential‐ and measurement‐based methods to estimate rooftop “solar city” potential in megacity Seoul, South Korea","authors":"Job Taminiau, J. Byrne, Jongkyu Kim, Min-Hwi Kim, J. Seo","doi":"10.1002/wene.438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.438","url":null,"abstract":"Data analysis and collection techniques now allow for detailed inventory‐building of urban rooftops for the purposes of identifying solar energy potential within geographically defined boundaries, including those of cities. The complexity and inherent diversity of a city's building stock has propelled the introduction of many so‐called “solar city” assessment methods that, with varying levels of accuracy, scalability, and ease of use, seek to characterize the citywide solar photovoltaic (PV) resource potential. A review of the landscape of available methods supports a fundamental distinction across two classes of methods. First, “solar city” assessment methods can principally rely on inference to identify and characterize rooftop solar potential. Such inferential methods can establish estimates of citywide solar potential without needing direct insight into rooftop conditions or morphology, Second, measurement‐based methods estimate rooftop solar opportunities based on the direct measurement of rooftop conditions, often conducted through remote sensing. Comparative performance testing of several inferential‐ and measurement‐based methods using case study analysis underscores the importance of measurement‐based methods. In particular, measurement‐based methods are likely better positioned to support the needs of policy‐makers and investors interested in transforming a city or metropolitan area into a sustainable city whose buildings serve as the host of a new solar PV‐powered distributed electricity service system.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47213995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Zamri, J. Milano, A. Shamsuddin, M. M. N. Roslan, S. F. Salleh, A. A. Rahman, Raihana Bahru, I. M. Rizwanul Fattah, T. Mahlia
With the ever‐increasing danger of climate change, power plants are shifting from polluting fossil fuels to sustainable bioenergy fuels. As Malaysia continues to pledge to decrease glasshouse gas (GHG) emissions, quick and dramatic action should resolve the reliance on fossil fuel power plants. Furthermore, the coal‐fired power station is Malaysia's biggest supplier of energy and the final power plant to be decommissioned. In Malaysia, a significant portion of palm oil biomass has the potential to replace coal in the generation of renewable energy power. However, the deployment of palm oil biomass as a renewable energy source has not been fully achieved. Furthermore, the surplus of unutilized biomass from the palm oil milling process has emerged as the key talking point leading to environmental concerns. As estimated, this palm oil biomass can generate approximately 5000 MW of electricity under 40% of operation efficiency. This significant power potential has the ability to replace Malaysia's yearly reliance on coal. Nonetheless, the limitations of technological stability, budgetary constraints, and other government policy concerns have prevented the potentials from being fulfilled. This necessitates an integrated framework that synergizes the decarbonization drive in order to realize the primary advantages of energy renewability and carbon neutrality. Among the suggested actions to decarbonize the power generating sector is an integrated scheme of palm oil production, biogas plant for electricity and steam generation, and biofuel pellet manufacture. This review provides an in‐depth overview of palm oil biomass for Malaysian power production decarbonization.
{"title":"An overview of palm oil biomass for power generation sector decarbonization in Malaysia: Progress, challenges, and prospects","authors":"M. Zamri, J. Milano, A. Shamsuddin, M. M. N. Roslan, S. F. Salleh, A. A. Rahman, Raihana Bahru, I. M. Rizwanul Fattah, T. Mahlia","doi":"10.1002/wene.437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.437","url":null,"abstract":"With the ever‐increasing danger of climate change, power plants are shifting from polluting fossil fuels to sustainable bioenergy fuels. As Malaysia continues to pledge to decrease glasshouse gas (GHG) emissions, quick and dramatic action should resolve the reliance on fossil fuel power plants. Furthermore, the coal‐fired power station is Malaysia's biggest supplier of energy and the final power plant to be decommissioned. In Malaysia, a significant portion of palm oil biomass has the potential to replace coal in the generation of renewable energy power. However, the deployment of palm oil biomass as a renewable energy source has not been fully achieved. Furthermore, the surplus of unutilized biomass from the palm oil milling process has emerged as the key talking point leading to environmental concerns. As estimated, this palm oil biomass can generate approximately 5000 MW of electricity under 40% of operation efficiency. This significant power potential has the ability to replace Malaysia's yearly reliance on coal. Nonetheless, the limitations of technological stability, budgetary constraints, and other government policy concerns have prevented the potentials from being fulfilled. This necessitates an integrated framework that synergizes the decarbonization drive in order to realize the primary advantages of energy renewability and carbon neutrality. Among the suggested actions to decarbonize the power generating sector is an integrated scheme of palm oil production, biogas plant for electricity and steam generation, and biofuel pellet manufacture. This review provides an in‐depth overview of palm oil biomass for Malaysian power production decarbonization.","PeriodicalId":48766,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Energy and Environment","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51200552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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