V. Baranov, Ricardo Pérez‐de la Fuente, M. Engel, J. Hammel, C. Kiesmüller, M. Hörnig, P. Pazinato, Corleone Stahlecker, C. Haug, J. Haug
Mantis lacewings (Neuroptera: Mantispidae) are prominent and charismatic predatory representatives of Insecta. Nevertheless, representatives of the group are surprisingly scarce in Paleogene deposits after a relative abundance of specimens known from Cretaceous. Here we present Mantispa? damzenogedanica sp. nov., representing the first adult of Mantispidae described from Baltic amber and the only Eocene adult mantispid hitherto preserved in amber. The new fossil species is also among the earliest representatives of Mantispinae, certainly the oldest adult of this group described from amber. Additionally, we discuss the changes through time in the ecological morphospace within Mantispidae based on the morphological diversity (≈disparity) of the raptorial legs. Possible explanations for the post-Cretaceous decline in the morphological diversity of mantis lacewings are posited.
{"title":"The first adult mantis lacewing from Baltic amber, with an evaluation of the post-Cretaceous loss of morphological diversity of raptorial appendages in Mantispidae","authors":"V. Baranov, Ricardo Pérez‐de la Fuente, M. Engel, J. Hammel, C. Kiesmüller, M. Hörnig, P. Pazinato, Corleone Stahlecker, C. Haug, J. Haug","doi":"10.3897/fr.25.80134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.80134","url":null,"abstract":"Mantis lacewings (Neuroptera: Mantispidae) are prominent and charismatic predatory representatives of Insecta. Nevertheless, representatives of the group are surprisingly scarce in Paleogene deposits after a relative abundance of specimens known from Cretaceous. Here we present Mantispa? damzenogedanica sp. nov., representing the first adult of Mantispidae described from Baltic amber and the only Eocene adult mantispid hitherto preserved in amber. The new fossil species is also among the earliest representatives of Mantispinae, certainly the oldest adult of this group described from amber. Additionally, we discuss the changes through time in the ecological morphospace within Mantispidae based on the morphological diversity (≈disparity) of the raptorial legs. Possible explanations for the post-Cretaceous decline in the morphological diversity of mantis lacewings are posited.","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42755822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shûhei Yamamoto, V. Y. Nazarenko, D. Vasilenko, E. Perkovsky
A new lymexylid fossil species, †Raractocetus sverlilo Nazarenko, Perkovsky & Yamamoto, sp. nov., is described from late Eocene Rovno amber of Ukraine. This new species is similar to species of the recent genera Atractocerus Palisot de Beauvois and Raractocetus Kurosawa in the ship-timber beetle subfamily Atractocerinae, but differs in pronotal and elytral features. Notably, the new species is one of the smallest atractocerines known to date. This is the first member of the family Lymexylidae found in Rovno amber. Our finding sheds further light on the paleodiversity of atractocerine beetles, highlighting a peculiar distribution during the Eocene. Only one extant atractocerine specimen has been reported from Europe (Greece), while three species from Eocene European amber forests with equable climate are known now, including two species from the otherwise tropical genus Raractocetus. Our finding of the Raractocetus beetle from Rovno amber is of significant biogeographically because it indicates the wide distribution of the genus in the Eocene European amber forests.
一种新的lymexilid化石物种，†Raractocetus sverllo Nazarenko，Perkovsky&Yamamoto，sp.nov.，描述自乌克兰始新世晚期的Rovno琥珀。这一新物种与船木甲虫亚科中最近的Atractocerus Palisot de Beauvois属和Raractocetus Kurosawa属的物种相似，但在前体和鞘翅特征上有所不同。值得注意的是，这个新物种是迄今为止已知的最小的atractocerines之一。这是在罗夫诺琥珀中发现的第一个Lymexylide家族成员。我们的发现进一步揭示了白蜡虫的古多样性，突出了始新世的特殊分布。据报道，欧洲（希腊）只发现了一个现存的atractocerine标本，而目前已知的三个物种来自气候稳定的始新世欧洲琥珀林，其中包括两个来自热带的Raractocetus属。我们在罗夫诺琥珀中发现的Raractocetus甲虫在生物地理学上具有重要意义，因为它表明该属在始新世欧洲琥珀林中广泛分布。
{"title":"First fossil species of ship-timber beetles (Coleoptera, Lymexylidae) from Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine)","authors":"Shûhei Yamamoto, V. Y. Nazarenko, D. Vasilenko, E. Perkovsky","doi":"10.3897/fr.25.81054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.81054","url":null,"abstract":"A new lymexylid fossil species, †Raractocetus sverlilo Nazarenko, Perkovsky & Yamamoto, sp. nov., is described from late Eocene Rovno amber of Ukraine. This new species is similar to species of the recent genera Atractocerus Palisot de Beauvois and Raractocetus Kurosawa in the ship-timber beetle subfamily Atractocerinae, but differs in pronotal and elytral features. Notably, the new species is one of the smallest atractocerines known to date. This is the first member of the family Lymexylidae found in Rovno amber. Our finding sheds further light on the paleodiversity of atractocerine beetles, highlighting a peculiar distribution during the Eocene. Only one extant atractocerine specimen has been reported from Europe (Greece), while three species from Eocene European amber forests with equable climate are known now, including two species from the otherwise tropical genus Raractocetus. Our finding of the Raractocetus beetle from Rovno amber is of significant biogeographically because it indicates the wide distribution of the genus in the Eocene European amber forests.","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46715506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Choristoderes are extinct semi-aquatic to aquatic diapsid reptiles, occupying a similar niche as modern crocodilians from the Jurassic to the Miocene. Distinct from other diapsids, choristoderes have a neomorphic ossification between the braincase, squamosal, and quadrate. This neomorphic bone is described as thin and plate-like in long-snouted choristoderes (Neochoristodera), yet little is known about its presence and morphology in short-snouted non-neochoristoderes that are sister groups to Neochoristodera. Using X-ray micro-CT scanning, this study describes in detail the neomorph of two non-neochoristoderes, Coeruleodraco jurassicus and Philydrosaurus proseilus. The neomorph of both species is found between the parietal, quadrate, and squamosal. The shape of the neomorph resembles a pyramid in three-dimensions, with a triangular dorsal surface and a prominent ventral process. This confirms the neomorph is shared among early and late branching choristoderes; therefore, presence of the neomorph is a potential synapomorphy of Choristodera. In addition, the pterygoquadrate foramen is identified in non-neochoristoderes for the first time, located between the neomorph and quadrate in C. jurassicus. In the holotype of P. proseilus, the neomorph and quadrate were dislocated, but a possible pterygoquadrate foramen is identified between the two bones. Although the neomorph and pterygoquadrate foramen have been suggested to be homologous with the stapes and stapedial foramen in Champsosaurus, more evidences are required to confirm this homology in non-neochoristoderes, because 1) the neomorph is long and plate-like in neochoristoderes, but pyramid-shaped in non-neochoristoderes; 2) in Champsosaurus, the neomorph is situated lateral to the prootic and opisthotic; in C. jurassicus and P. proseilus, articulation between the neomorph and prootic (or opisthotic) cannot be confirmed due to damage to the braincase during preservation. To understand the origin of the neomorph, more intact specimens are needed to assess contact relationships between the neomorph and otic region in non-neochoristoderes.
{"title":"A neomorphic ossification connecting the braincase, squamosal, and quadrate in choristoderan reptiles: insights from µCT data","authors":"Wanying Qin, Hong-yu Yi, K. Gao","doi":"10.3897/fr.25.79595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.79595","url":null,"abstract":"Choristoderes are extinct semi-aquatic to aquatic diapsid reptiles, occupying a similar niche as modern crocodilians from the Jurassic to the Miocene. Distinct from other diapsids, choristoderes have a neomorphic ossification between the braincase, squamosal, and quadrate. This neomorphic bone is described as thin and plate-like in long-snouted choristoderes (Neochoristodera), yet little is known about its presence and morphology in short-snouted non-neochoristoderes that are sister groups to Neochoristodera. Using X-ray micro-CT scanning, this study describes in detail the neomorph of two non-neochoristoderes, Coeruleodraco jurassicus and Philydrosaurus proseilus. The neomorph of both species is found between the parietal, quadrate, and squamosal. The shape of the neomorph resembles a pyramid in three-dimensions, with a triangular dorsal surface and a prominent ventral process. This confirms the neomorph is shared among early and late branching choristoderes; therefore, presence of the neomorph is a potential synapomorphy of Choristodera. In addition, the pterygoquadrate foramen is identified in non-neochoristoderes for the first time, located between the neomorph and quadrate in C. jurassicus. In the holotype of P. proseilus, the neomorph and quadrate were dislocated, but a possible pterygoquadrate foramen is identified between the two bones. Although the neomorph and pterygoquadrate foramen have been suggested to be homologous with the stapes and stapedial foramen in Champsosaurus, more evidences are required to confirm this homology in non-neochoristoderes, because 1) the neomorph is long and plate-like in neochoristoderes, but pyramid-shaped in non-neochoristoderes; 2) in Champsosaurus, the neomorph is situated lateral to the prootic and opisthotic; in C. jurassicus and P. proseilus, articulation between the neomorph and prootic (or opisthotic) cannot be confirmed due to damage to the braincase during preservation. To understand the origin of the neomorph, more intact specimens are needed to assess contact relationships between the neomorph and otic region in non-neochoristoderes.","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48297373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Girard, Anne‐Lise Charruault, Thomas Gluck, C. Corradini, S. Renaud
Identification of relevant taxonomic and evolutionary units is a recurrent issue in the fossil record, and all the more for ancient fossils devoid of modern equivalents such as conodonts. Extensive morphological variation has often led to the description of numerous species, subspecies or morphotypes, which may correspond to end-member morphologies reached through ontogeny. The platform elements of the Late Devonian conodont species Icriodus alternatus were characterized by rows of denticles coming into occlusion between opposite elements; each element grew by the incremental addition of lamellae and by the addition of successive triads during ontogeny. During the late Frasnian and the early Famennian, the important morphological variation within this species led to the description of three subspecies. An extensive sample of early Famennian Icriodus alternatus was quantified using 2D biometric measurements and denticle counts on 2D pictures, showing that the subspecies mainly differed in their size range but not in their general morphology. A 3D morphometric analysis was further performed on a subsample to characterize the shape of the ontogenetically older part of the elements. During ontogeny, early valleys between denticles tended to be filled, and the asymmetry between the inner and outer side of the element increased. These ontogenetic trends are responsible for the morphologies formerly described as the subspecies Ic. alt. mawsonae and Ic. alt. helmsi. Slight discrepancies between temporal ranges of the subspecies may be achieved through variations in range of size reached by the elements as a response to environmental changes. Disparity along ontogeny seems to follow an “hourglass model” suggesting a shift from relatively loose developmental constraints to a pattern of growth modulated by functional constraints during occlusion.
{"title":"Deciphering the morphological variation and its ontogenetic dynamics in the Late Devonian conodont Icriodus alternatus","authors":"C. Girard, Anne‐Lise Charruault, Thomas Gluck, C. Corradini, S. Renaud","doi":"10.3897/fr.25.80211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.80211","url":null,"abstract":"Identification of relevant taxonomic and evolutionary units is a recurrent issue in the fossil record, and all the more for ancient fossils devoid of modern equivalents such as conodonts. Extensive morphological variation has often led to the description of numerous species, subspecies or morphotypes, which may correspond to end-member morphologies reached through ontogeny. The platform elements of the Late Devonian conodont species Icriodus alternatus were characterized by rows of denticles coming into occlusion between opposite elements; each element grew by the incremental addition of lamellae and by the addition of successive triads during ontogeny. During the late Frasnian and the early Famennian, the important morphological variation within this species led to the description of three subspecies. An extensive sample of early Famennian Icriodus alternatus was quantified using 2D biometric measurements and denticle counts on 2D pictures, showing that the subspecies mainly differed in their size range but not in their general morphology. A 3D morphometric analysis was further performed on a subsample to characterize the shape of the ontogenetically older part of the elements. During ontogeny, early valleys between denticles tended to be filled, and the asymmetry between the inner and outer side of the element increased. These ontogenetic trends are responsible for the morphologies formerly described as the subspecies Ic. alt. mawsonae and Ic. alt. helmsi. Slight discrepancies between temporal ranges of the subspecies may be achieved through variations in range of size reached by the elements as a response to environmental changes. Disparity along ontogeny seems to follow an “hourglass model” suggesting a shift from relatively loose developmental constraints to a pattern of growth modulated by functional constraints during occlusion.","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44897613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cihang Luo, Zhishun Song, Xiaojing Liu, Tian Jiang, E. Jarzembowski, J. Szwedo
Abstract. The second genus and species of recently established planthopper family Inoderbidae, Ingensala xiai gen. et sp. nov., is described based on a well-preserved specimen from mid-Cretaceous Kachin (Burmese) amber, and it can be definitely attributed to Inoderbidae mainly based on its head structure, pronotum, and mesonotum without median and lateral carinae and tegmen venation. Ingensala gen. nov. is superficially similar to Eofulgoridium regarding its venation pattern, rather than to the Inoderbidae type genus Inoderbe, and further confirmed that Inoderbidae might descend from the Jurassic planthopper family Fulgoridiidae. The early fork of CuA and the stem CuA bearing many branches also can be found in Jurassic Qiyangiricaniidae and Eocene Weiwoboidae. Ingensala gen. nov. also superficially resembles some Tropiduchidae: Tropiduchinae. The new genus differs from the type genus Inoderbe to a large extent according to its wide head, frons without fastigium, antennae not so elongate, the tectiform condition of wings' position in repose, large, broad and translucent tegmen, triangular basal cell, single CuA1, legs covered with short setae, and the lack of filamentous wax on body. Therefore, two new subfamilies (Inoderbinae stat. nov. and Ingensalinae subfam. nov.) are established for these two genera respectively. The diversification in planthoppers could be the result of pressure of environmental changes during the mid-Cretaceous, and Inoderbidae provides more information for us to understand the Cretaceous stage of Fulgoroidea evolution and diversification.
{"title":"Ingensalinae subfam. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoroidea: Inoderbidae), a new planthopper subfamily from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber from Myanmar","authors":"Cihang Luo, Zhishun Song, Xiaojing Liu, Tian Jiang, E. Jarzembowski, J. Szwedo","doi":"10.5194/fr-24-455-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-24-455-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The second genus and species of recently established\u0000planthopper family Inoderbidae, Ingensala xiai gen. et sp. nov., is described based on a\u0000well-preserved specimen from mid-Cretaceous Kachin (Burmese) amber, and it\u0000can be definitely attributed to Inoderbidae mainly based on its head\u0000structure, pronotum, and mesonotum without median and lateral carinae and\u0000tegmen venation. Ingensala gen. nov. is superficially similar to Eofulgoridium regarding its\u0000venation pattern, rather than to the Inoderbidae type genus Inoderbe, and further\u0000confirmed that Inoderbidae might descend from the Jurassic planthopper family\u0000Fulgoridiidae. The early fork of CuA and the stem CuA bearing many branches\u0000also can be found in Jurassic Qiyangiricaniidae and Eocene Weiwoboidae.\u0000Ingensala gen. nov. also superficially resembles some Tropiduchidae: Tropiduchinae.\u0000The new genus differs from the type genus Inoderbe to a large extent according to\u0000its wide head, frons without fastigium, antennae not so elongate, the\u0000tectiform condition of wings' position in repose, large, broad and\u0000translucent tegmen, triangular basal cell, single CuA1, legs covered\u0000with short setae, and the lack of filamentous wax on body. Therefore, two\u0000new subfamilies (Inoderbinae stat. nov. and Ingensalinae subfam. nov.) are\u0000established for these two genera respectively. The diversification in\u0000planthoppers could be the result of pressure of environmental changes during\u0000the mid-Cretaceous, and Inoderbidae provides more information for us to\u0000understand the Cretaceous stage of Fulgoroidea evolution and\u0000diversification.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"216 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41309906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiarong Gao, M. Engel, F. Grímsson, Lei Gu, D. Ren, T. Gao
Abstract. A new genus and species of fossil wood wasp is described and figured from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, representing the first occurrence of the family Xiphydriidae in the fossil record. Paraxiphydria resinata gen. et sp. nov. exhibits typical apomorphies of the family including a generally cylindrical body, elongate neck and dome-shaped head. Nonetheless, owing to a unique combination of traits including features hitherto unknown among species of the family, the genus is classified within a separate subfamily, Paraxiphydriinae subfam. nov. A key is presented to the suprageneric groups of Xiphydriidae. The newly described species is the first fossil xiphydriid wood wasp, extends the occurrence of Xiphydriidae into the mid-Cretaceous and adds to the known diversity of features in the family. Lastly, the simplification of wing venation and hypotheses of host-plant affiliations of early xiphydriids are discussed. We evaluate pollen associated with the wasp, assign it to the genus Cycadopites and conclude that an affiliation to the Cycadales is most likely. Article and nomenclatural acts are registered in ZooBank (http://zoobank.org/, last access: 15 December 2021), with the following life science identifier (LSID) (reference): urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DA80920E-E94B-4A8E-A817-077FA7BD7D69.
{"title":"The first xiphydriid wood wasp in Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: Xiphydriidae) and a potential association with Cycadales","authors":"Jiarong Gao, M. Engel, F. Grímsson, Lei Gu, D. Ren, T. Gao","doi":"10.5194/fr-24-445-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-24-445-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A new genus and species of fossil wood wasp is described\u0000and figured from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, representing the first\u0000occurrence of the family Xiphydriidae in the fossil record. Paraxiphydria resinata gen. et\u0000sp. nov. exhibits typical apomorphies of the family including a generally\u0000cylindrical body, elongate neck and dome-shaped head. Nonetheless, owing to\u0000a unique combination of traits including features hitherto unknown among\u0000species of the family, the genus is classified within a separate subfamily,\u0000Paraxiphydriinae subfam. nov. A key is presented to the\u0000suprageneric groups of Xiphydriidae. The newly described species is the\u0000first fossil xiphydriid wood wasp, extends the occurrence of Xiphydriidae\u0000into the mid-Cretaceous and adds to the known diversity of features in the\u0000family. Lastly, the simplification of wing venation and hypotheses of\u0000host-plant affiliations of early xiphydriids are discussed. We evaluate\u0000pollen associated with the wasp, assign it to the genus Cycadopites and conclude\u0000that an affiliation to the Cycadales is most likely. Article and nomenclatural acts are registered in ZooBank (http://zoobank.org/, last access: 15 December 2021), with the following life science identifier (LSID) (reference): urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DA80920E-E94B-4A8E-A817-077FA7BD7D69.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43457538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Albian to Turonian carbonate deposits at three different locations of the Lower Saxony Cretaceous and thereby of the European mid-Cretaceous epeiric shelf sea were investigated for their fossil agglutinated foraminiferal fauna. In this study, 71 samples from two quarries and three drill cores were treated with formic acid, which enabled the study of agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages even in highly lithified limestones. In total, 114 species were determined and classified as belonging to nine morphogroups. In general, four agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages are distinguished: (1) an uppermost Albian–lowermost Cenomanian assemblage from the Wunstorf drill cores, with the dominant taxa Bathysiphon spp., Nothia spp., Psammosphaera fusca, Reophax subfusiformis, Bulbobaculites problematicus, Tritaxia tricarinata, Flourensina intermedia, Vialovella frankei, Arenobulimina truncata, and Voloshinoides advenus; (2) a Cenomanian assemblage from the Baddeckenstedt quarry and Wunstorf drill cores, with Ammolagena clavata, Tritaxia tricarinata, Vialovella frankei, Arenobulimina truncata, and Voloshinoides advenus; (3) an assemblage related to the Cenomanian–Turonian Boundary Event in Wunstorf and Söhlde dominated by Bulbobaculites problematicus; and (4) a Turonian assemblage in the Wunstorf and Söhlde sections with high numbers of Ammolagena contorta, Repmanina charoides, Bulbobaculites problematicus, Gerochammina stanislawi, and Spiroplectammina navarroana. The latest Albian–earliest Cenomanian assemblage consists of tubular, globular, and elongate foraminiferal morphogroups which are typical for the low- to mid-latitude slope biofacies. All other assemblages are composed of elongate foraminiferal morphogroups with additionally globular forms in the proximal settings of Baddeckenstedt and Söhlde or flattened planispiral and streptospiral forms in more distal settings of Wunstorf. For these assemblages, a new agglutinated foraminiferal biofacies named “mid-latitude shelf biofacies” is proposed herein. Changes in the relative abundance of different morphogroups can often be referred to single features of depositional sequences. Furthermore, classical macro-bioevents, which are often depositional-related, of the Lower Saxony Cretaceous seem to have a micro-bioevent or acme equivalent of the agglutinated foraminiferal fauna.
{"title":"Albian to Turonian agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages of the Lower Saxony Cretaceous sub-basins – implications for sequence stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental interpretation","authors":"Richard M. Besen, U. Struck, E. Seibertz","doi":"10.5194/fr-24-395-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-24-395-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Albian to Turonian carbonate deposits at three different locations of the\u0000Lower Saxony Cretaceous and thereby of the European mid-Cretaceous epeiric\u0000shelf sea were investigated for their fossil agglutinated foraminiferal\u0000fauna. In this study, 71 samples from two quarries and three drill cores\u0000were treated with formic acid, which enabled the study of agglutinated\u0000foraminiferal assemblages even in highly lithified limestones. In total, 114\u0000species were determined and classified as belonging to nine morphogroups. In\u0000general, four agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages are distinguished: (1) an uppermost Albian–lowermost Cenomanian assemblage from the Wunstorf drill\u0000cores, with the dominant taxa\u0000Bathysiphon spp., Nothia spp., Psammosphaera fusca, Reophax subfusiformis, Bulbobaculites problematicus, Tritaxia tricarinata, Flourensina intermedia, Vialovella frankei, Arenobulimina truncata, and Voloshinoides advenus; (2) a Cenomanian\u0000assemblage from the Baddeckenstedt quarry and Wunstorf drill cores, with\u0000Ammolagena clavata, Tritaxia tricarinata, Vialovella frankei, Arenobulimina truncata, and Voloshinoides advenus; (3) an assemblage related to the Cenomanian–Turonian Boundary Event in\u0000Wunstorf and Söhlde dominated by Bulbobaculites problematicus; and (4) a Turonian assemblage in the\u0000Wunstorf and Söhlde sections with high numbers of Ammolagena contorta, Repmanina charoides, Bulbobaculites problematicus, Gerochammina stanislawi, and\u0000Spiroplectammina navarroana. The latest Albian–earliest Cenomanian assemblage consists of tubular,\u0000globular, and elongate foraminiferal morphogroups which are typical for the\u0000low- to mid-latitude slope biofacies. All other assemblages are composed of\u0000elongate foraminiferal morphogroups with additionally globular forms in the\u0000proximal settings of Baddeckenstedt and Söhlde or flattened planispiral\u0000and streptospiral forms in more distal settings of Wunstorf. For these\u0000assemblages, a new agglutinated foraminiferal biofacies named “mid-latitude\u0000shelf biofacies” is proposed herein. Changes in the relative abundance of\u0000different morphogroups can often be referred to single features of\u0000depositional sequences. Furthermore, classical macro-bioevents, which are\u0000often depositional-related, of the Lower Saxony Cretaceous seem to have a\u0000micro-bioevent or acme equivalent of the agglutinated foraminiferal fauna.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48729759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Witzmann, C. Haug, C. Klug, Johannes Müller, T. Scheyer, A. Schmidt
{"title":"Editorial: Fossil Record says goodbye to Copernicus – collaboration with Copernicus, a decisive phase in the history of Fossil Record","authors":"F. Witzmann, C. Haug, C. Klug, Johannes Müller, T. Scheyer, A. Schmidt","doi":"10.5194/fr-24-443-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-24-443-2021","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>\u0000 </jats:p>","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43519246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Paleoxyela nearctica gen. et sp. nov., is described from the upper Eocene of Florissant Formation in Colorado. We placed Paleoxyela gen. nov. in the subfamily Macroxyelinae and the tribe Macroxyelini based on the numerous wing venation characters visible on the specimen. Proxyelia pankowskii gen. et sp. nov. is described from the lower Eocene Fossil Lake deposits of the Green River Formation in Wyoming. We placed Proxyelia gen. nov. in the subfamily Macroxyelinae and the tribe Xyeleciini based on the numerous wing venation characters visible on the specimen. These new records of the family Xyelidae are of particular importance to better understand the past diversity of the clade and propose hypotheses about their diversification. Extant Xyelidae inhabit temperate Northern Hemisphere forests, and most of their larvae feed on conifers, which may explain why they are relatively poorly diversified compared to the other symphytan families. We suggest that the global decline in conifers and the reduced diversity of extant host trees partly explain the diversity of extant Xyelidae. We correlate the biome repartition during the Eocene to that of the extant xyelid.
摘要古新叶藻nearctica gen. et sp. nov.，描述自美国科罗拉多州始新统上弗洛里森特组。根据在标本上可见的大量翅纹特征，我们将古叶猴属归入大叶猴亚科和大叶猴族。Proxyelia pankowskii gen. et sp. 11 .被描述为来自怀俄明州绿河组始新世下化石湖矿床。根据在标本上可见的大量翅脉特征，我们将Proxyelia gen. 11 .归入大叶蝉亚科和木叶蝉族。这些新记录对于更好地了解该分支过去的多样性和提出有关其多样性的假设具有特别重要的意义。现存的叶藻科栖息在温带的北半球森林中，它们的大部分幼虫以针叶树为食，这可能解释了为什么它们与其他共生植物科相比多样性相对较差。我们认为，全球针叶树数量的减少和现存寄主树木多样性的减少可以部分解释现存针叶树科的多样性。我们将始新世生物群系的重新分配与现存的木鞘的重新分配联系起来。
{"title":"Past ecosystems drive the evolution of the early diverged Symphyta (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae) since the earliest Eocene","authors":"C. Jouault, Arvid Aase, A. Nel","doi":"10.5194/fr-24-379-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-24-379-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Paleoxyela nearctica gen. et sp. nov., is described from the upper Eocene of\u0000Florissant Formation in Colorado. We placed Paleoxyela gen. nov. in the subfamily\u0000Macroxyelinae and the tribe Macroxyelini based on the numerous wing venation\u0000characters visible on the specimen. Proxyelia pankowskii gen. et sp. nov. is described from the\u0000lower Eocene Fossil Lake deposits of the Green River Formation in Wyoming.\u0000We placed Proxyelia gen. nov. in the subfamily Macroxyelinae and the tribe Xyeleciini\u0000based on the numerous wing venation characters visible on the specimen.\u0000These new records of the family Xyelidae are of particular importance to\u0000better understand the past diversity of the clade and propose hypotheses\u0000about their diversification. Extant Xyelidae inhabit temperate Northern\u0000Hemisphere forests, and most of their larvae feed on conifers, which may\u0000explain why they are relatively poorly diversified compared to the other\u0000symphytan families. We suggest that the global decline in conifers and the\u0000reduced diversity of extant host trees partly explain the diversity of\u0000extant Xyelidae. We correlate the biome repartition during the Eocene to\u0000that of the extant xyelid.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48099891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Several British specimens of relatively complete and partial shells of small pleurosternid turtles, found in the Purbeck Limestone Group (Berriasian, Lower Cretaceous), are analysed in detail here. Despite having been found more than a century ago, most of them remained unpublished until now. Due to the scarce knowledge available to date about the small individuals of Pleurosternidae from the British record, their taxonomic status was doubtful. Thus, some authors proposed their attribution to a new but not defined taxon of small size, whereas others suggested that they could represent juvenile individuals of Pleurosternon bullockii, the adults of which were also found in the Purbeck Limestone Group but at different levels. Knowledge about the shell of the adult individuals of Pleurosternon bullockii has notably increased recently, abundant information on its intraspecific variability being currently available. In this context, a detailed study of the small specimens through qualitative and quantitative approaches is performed here. The results are evidence a significant range of shape variability because of ontogenetic development, as well as other types of intraspecific variation such as inter-individual variation. As a consequence, their attribution to juvenile individuals of Pleurosternon bullockii is justified, providing new data on the ontogenetic development of a basal form.
{"title":"Ontogenetic development of the European basal aquatic turtle Pleurosternon bullockii (Paracryptodira, Pleurosternidae)","authors":"Andrea Guerrero, A. Pérez‐García","doi":"10.5194/fr-24-357-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-24-357-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Several British specimens of relatively complete and partial\u0000shells of small pleurosternid turtles, found in the Purbeck Limestone Group\u0000(Berriasian, Lower Cretaceous), are analysed in detail here. Despite having\u0000been found more than a century ago, most of them remained unpublished until\u0000now. Due to the scarce knowledge available to date about the small\u0000individuals of Pleurosternidae from the British record, their taxonomic\u0000status was doubtful. Thus, some authors proposed their attribution to a new\u0000but not defined taxon of small size, whereas others suggested that they\u0000could represent juvenile individuals of Pleurosternon bullockii, the adults of which were also\u0000found in the Purbeck Limestone Group but at different levels. Knowledge\u0000about the shell of the adult individuals of Pleurosternon bullockii has notably increased recently,\u0000abundant information on its intraspecific variability being currently\u0000available. In this context, a detailed study of the small specimens through\u0000qualitative and quantitative approaches is performed here. The results\u0000are evidence a significant range of shape variability because of ontogenetic\u0000development, as well as other types of intraspecific variation such as\u0000inter-individual variation. As a consequence, their attribution to juvenile\u0000individuals of Pleurosternon bullockii is justified, providing new data on the ontogenetic\u0000development of a basal form.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48741902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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