Robin Kundrata, A. Prosvirov, R. Long, Gabriela Packova
Abstract. Although the Mesozoic Era played an important role in the evolution and diversification of Elateridae, the Cretaceous click-beetle fauna remains very poorly known. Here we describe Cretopachyderes burmitinus gen. et sp. nov. based on a single specimen from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. This species is remarkable for its extremely long posterior angles of pronotum, which is a unique character among fossil Elateridae. We discuss the diagnostic characters of Cretopachyderes gen. nov. and tentatively place it to subfamily Agrypninae close to extant genus Pachyderes Guérin-Méneville, 1829.
{"title":"Cretopachyderes gen. nov., a new remarkable click beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Agrypninae) from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber","authors":"Robin Kundrata, A. Prosvirov, R. Long, Gabriela Packova","doi":"10.5194/fr-24-347-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-24-347-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Although the Mesozoic Era played an important role in the\u0000evolution and diversification of Elateridae, the Cretaceous click-beetle\u0000fauna remains very poorly known. Here we describe Cretopachyderes burmitinus gen. et sp. nov. based on\u0000a single specimen from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. This species is\u0000remarkable for its extremely long posterior angles of pronotum, which is a\u0000unique character among fossil Elateridae. We discuss the diagnostic\u0000characters of Cretopachyderes gen. nov. and tentatively place it to subfamily Agrypninae\u0000close to extant genus Pachyderes Guérin-Méneville, 1829.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46184515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valentine Bouju, Simon Rosse-Guillevic, Marion Griffon, Błażej Bojarski, J. Szwedo, V. Perrichot
Abstract. A new, extinct species of Allodia Winnertz is described from early Miocene amber of Ethiopia. Allodia paleoafricana sp. nov. is mostly characterized by the scutum with strong anteromarginal, dorsocentral, and lateral setae and the wing with the stem of the M-fork slightly shorter than the vein r–m and the base of the M4–CuA fork aligned with the base of r–m. The assignment to any of the two subgenera Allodia stricto sensu or Brachycampta Winnertz remains equivocal as the fossil intermingles traits found in both taxa. Allodia is known mostly from the Palearctic region, while only a few species have been described from Africa. In this regard, the new fossil species from Ethiopia brings significant new information regarding the Afrotropical distribution and natural history of the genus.
{"title":"The genus Allodia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) in Miocene Ethiopian amber","authors":"Valentine Bouju, Simon Rosse-Guillevic, Marion Griffon, Błażej Bojarski, J. Szwedo, V. Perrichot","doi":"10.5194/fr-24-339-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-24-339-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A new, extinct species of Allodia Winnertz is described from early\u0000Miocene amber of Ethiopia. Allodia paleoafricana sp. nov. is mostly characterized by the scutum\u0000with strong anteromarginal, dorsocentral, and lateral setae and the wing\u0000with the stem of the M-fork slightly shorter than the vein r–m and the base of the M4–CuA fork\u0000aligned with the base of r–m. The assignment to any of the two subgenera\u0000Allodia stricto sensu or Brachycampta Winnertz remains equivocal as the fossil intermingles traits found in\u0000both taxa. Allodia is known mostly from the Palearctic region, while only a few\u0000species have been described from Africa. In this regard, the new fossil\u0000species from Ethiopia brings significant new information regarding the\u0000Afrotropical distribution and natural history of the genus.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43019275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Eryopid temnospondyls were large apex predators in Carboniferous and Permian stream and lake habitats. The eryopid life cycle is exemplified by Onchiodon labyrinthicus from Niederhäslich (Saxony, Germany), which is represented by numerous size classes from small larvae to heavily ossified adults. Morphometric and principal component analyses provide new insights into ontogenetic changes in O. labyrinthicus, and comparison with adults of other eryopids documents phylogenetic patterns in the occupation of morphospace. Compared with small specimens of Sclerocephalus spp., immature O. labyrinthicus occupies a neighboring but much larger space, corresponding to a broader range of variation. Adults of Actinodon frossardi map with some juveniles of O. labyrinthicus, whereas other juveniles of the latter lie close to adults of O. thuringiensis, Glaukerpeton avinoffi and Osteophorus roemeri. Morphospace occupation of adult eryopids is partly consistent with cladistic tree topology, which gives the following branching pattern: Actinodon frossardi forms the basalmost eryopid, followed by Osteophorus roemeri, Glaukerpeton avinoffi and the genus Onchiodon (O. labyrinthicus + O. thuringiensis); then Clamorosaurus nocturnus; and finally the monophyletic genus Eryops. The presumably juvenile skull of Eryops anatinus falls well outside the domains of both adult eryopids and immature O. labyrinthicus, showing a unique combination of juvenile and adult features. Instead, Onchiodon langenhani and the Ruprechtice specimens referred to O. labyrinthicus map within the domain of immature O. labyrinthicus. Raised levels of variation in O. labyrinthicus coincide with evidence of a stressed habitat, in which limiting factors were fluctuating salinity, absence of fishes, enhanced competition and seasonal algal blooms. The documented broad variation was possibly caused by developmental plasticity responding to fluctuations in lake hydrology and nutrients in this small, short-lived water body.
{"title":"The life cycle in late Paleozoic eryopid temnospondyls: developmental variation, plasticity and phylogeny","authors":"R. Schoch","doi":"10.5194/fr-24-295-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-24-295-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Eryopid temnospondyls were large apex predators in Carboniferous\u0000and Permian stream and lake habitats. The eryopid life cycle is exemplified\u0000by Onchiodon labyrinthicus from Niederhäslich (Saxony, Germany), which is represented by\u0000numerous size classes from small larvae to heavily ossified adults.\u0000Morphometric and principal component analyses provide new insights into\u0000ontogenetic changes in O. labyrinthicus, and comparison with adults of other eryopids\u0000documents phylogenetic patterns in the occupation of morphospace. Compared with small specimens of Sclerocephalus spp., immature O. labyrinthicus occupies a neighboring but\u0000much larger space, corresponding to a broader range of variation. Adults of\u0000Actinodon frossardi map with some juveniles of O. labyrinthicus, whereas other juveniles of the latter lie\u0000close to adults of O. thuringiensis, Glaukerpeton avinoffi and Osteophorus roemeri. Morphospace occupation of adult eryopids is partly consistent with cladistic\u0000tree topology, which gives the following branching pattern: Actinodon frossardi forms the\u0000basalmost eryopid, followed by Osteophorus roemeri, Glaukerpeton avinoffi and the genus Onchiodon (O. labyrinthicus + O. thuringiensis); then Clamorosaurus nocturnus; and finally the\u0000monophyletic genus Eryops. The presumably juvenile skull of Eryops anatinus falls well outside the\u0000domains of both adult eryopids and immature O. labyrinthicus, showing a unique combination\u0000of juvenile and adult features. Instead, Onchiodon langenhani and the Ruprechtice specimens\u0000referred to O. labyrinthicus map within the domain of immature O. labyrinthicus. Raised levels of variation in O. labyrinthicus coincide with evidence of a stressed habitat,\u0000in which limiting factors were fluctuating salinity, absence of fishes,\u0000enhanced competition and seasonal algal blooms. The documented broad\u0000variation was possibly caused by developmental plasticity responding to\u0000fluctuations in lake hydrology and nutrients in this small, short-lived\u0000water body.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43571795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. The ichthyosaur fossil record of Portugal is composed of specimens from the localities of São Pedro de Moel, Alhadas, Cadima, Murtede, Casal do Combo, Condeixa, Alvaiázere and Tomar, within the confines of the Lusitanian Basin, ranging in age from the Sinemurian to the Aalenian. We reviewed the historical ichthyosaur finds in Portugal, and in this work we focus on the specimen IST-MDT 85, from the Sinemurian of Praia de Nossa Senhora da Vitória, central west coast of Portugal. The specimen was herein ascribed to Ichthyosaurus cf. communis, based on characters of the humerus in comparison with other specimens. This is the southernmost documented occurrence of Ichthyosaurus, widening the geographical range of the genus.
摘要葡萄牙的鱼龙化石记录由来自卢西塔尼亚盆地范围内的São Pedro de Moel、Alhadas、Cadima、Murtede、Casal do Combo、Condeixa、Alwaiázere和Tomar等地的物种组成，年龄从Sinemurian到Aalenian不等。我们回顾了在葡萄牙发现的历史鱼龙，在这项工作中，我们重点研究了来自葡萄牙中西部海岸Praia de NossaSenhora da Vitória的Sinemurian的IST-MDT 85标本。与其他标本相比，根据肱骨的特征，Washere标本被认为是鱼龙。这是有记录以来最南端的鱼龙，扩大了该属的地理范围。
{"title":"The southernmost occurrence of Ichthyosaurus from the Sinemurian of Portugal","authors":"J. Sousa, O. Mateus","doi":"10.5194/fr-24-287-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-24-287-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The ichthyosaur fossil record of Portugal is composed of\u0000specimens from the localities of São Pedro de Moel, Alhadas, Cadima, Murtede,\u0000Casal do Combo, Condeixa, Alvaiázere and Tomar, within the confines of\u0000the Lusitanian Basin, ranging in age from the Sinemurian to the Aalenian. We\u0000reviewed the historical ichthyosaur finds in Portugal, and in this work we\u0000focus on the specimen IST-MDT 85, from the Sinemurian of Praia de Nossa\u0000Senhora da Vitória, central west coast of Portugal. The specimen was\u0000herein ascribed to Ichthyosaurus cf. communis, based on characters of the humerus in comparison with\u0000other specimens. This is the southernmost documented occurrence of\u0000Ichthyosaurus, widening the geographical range of the genus.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49570856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. A new monotypic genus of Neogene odontocete (Isoninia borealis) is named on the basis of a partial skull (CMM-V-4061). The holotype was found on the riverbed of the Meherrin River (North Carolina, USA) and probably originated from the Miocene marine Eastover Formation. Deep interdigitation of the cranial sutures indicates that this individual was mature. The new taxon differs from all other delphinidans in the unique combination of the following characters: anteriorly retracted premaxillae and maxillae; premaxillae not contacting nasals; thick nasals with ventrolateral margins deeply imbedded within corresponding troughs in the frontals (this is an apomorphy); nasals with transversely convex dorsal surface; nearly symmetrical vertex; os suturarum (or interparietal or extra folds of the frontals) at the vertex; large dorsal infraorbital foramen level with the posterior margin of the external bony nares; and a postorbital recess on the ventrolateral face of the frontal below and behind the postorbital process of the frontal. This odontocete exhibits two small but pronounced concavities on the cerebral face of the frontal/presphenoid that are presumed to have held vestigial olfactory bulbs in life. Inioidea is only diagnosed by a single unequivocal synapomorphy: width across nasals and nares subequal. Isoninia shares this feature with other inioids and forms the basis for the placement of Isoninia within this clade. A relatively high vertex coupled with a supraoccipital that is deeply wedged between the frontals suggests placement of this new inioid species within the family Iniidae. This is the second inioid described from the Eastover Formation (the other being Meherrinia isoni). This new species adds new cranial morphology and a new combination of cranial characters to this taxonomically small but growing group of mostly marine and mostly Western Hemisphere odontocetes (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E8B817CA-B250-42B3-9365-36EFBFE351C9).
{"title":"A new odontocete (Inioidea, Odontoceti) from the late Neogene of North Carolina, USA","authors":"S. J. Godfrey, C. S. Gutstein, D. J. Morgan","doi":"10.5194/fr-24-275-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-24-275-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A new monotypic genus of Neogene odontocete (Isoninia borealis) is named on the\u0000basis of a partial skull (CMM-V-4061). The holotype was found on the\u0000riverbed of the Meherrin River (North Carolina, USA) and probably\u0000originated from the Miocene marine Eastover Formation. Deep interdigitation\u0000of the cranial sutures indicates that this individual was mature. The new\u0000taxon differs from all other delphinidans in the unique combination of the\u0000following characters: anteriorly retracted premaxillae and maxillae;\u0000premaxillae not contacting nasals; thick nasals with ventrolateral margins\u0000deeply imbedded within corresponding troughs in the frontals (this is an\u0000apomorphy); nasals with transversely convex dorsal surface; nearly\u0000symmetrical vertex; os suturarum (or interparietal or extra folds of the\u0000frontals) at the vertex; large dorsal infraorbital foramen level with the\u0000posterior margin of the external bony nares; and a postorbital recess on the\u0000ventrolateral face of the frontal below and behind the postorbital process\u0000of the frontal. This odontocete exhibits two small but pronounced\u0000concavities on the cerebral face of the frontal/presphenoid that are\u0000presumed to have held vestigial olfactory bulbs in life. Inioidea is only\u0000diagnosed by a single unequivocal synapomorphy: width across nasals and\u0000nares subequal. Isoninia shares this feature with other inioids and forms the basis\u0000for the placement of Isoninia within this clade. A relatively high vertex coupled\u0000with a supraoccipital that is deeply wedged between the frontals suggests\u0000placement of this new inioid species within the family Iniidae. This is the\u0000second inioid described from the Eastover Formation (the other being\u0000Meherrinia isoni). This new species adds new cranial morphology and a new combination of\u0000cranial characters to this taxonomically small but growing group of mostly\u0000marine and mostly Western Hemisphere odontocetes (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E8B817CA-B250-42B3-9365-36EFBFE351C9).\u0000","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49373325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Connectivity and climate control fish distribution today as well as in the geological past. We present here the Aquitanian (early Miocene) marine fish of the Mesohellenic Basin, a restricted basin at the border between the proto-Mediterranean and Paratethyan seas. Based on fish otoliths, we were able to identify 19 species from 17 genera, including two new species: Ariosoma mesohellenica and Gnathophis elongatus. This fish assemblage, in conjunction with the accompanying molluscan assemblage, indicates a variable shelf paleoenvironment with easy access to the open ocean. Although available data on the Indo-Pacific fishes of the early Miocene are very limited, the fish fauna of the Mesohellenic Basin has many elements in common with the North Sea, the NE Atlantic, and the Paratethys.
{"title":"At the crossroads: early Miocene marine fishes of the proto-Mediterranean Sea","authors":"K. Agiadi, E. Koskeridou, Danae Thivaiou","doi":"10.5194/fr-24-233-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-24-233-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Connectivity and climate control fish distribution today\u0000as well as in the geological past. We present here the Aquitanian (early\u0000Miocene) marine fish of the Mesohellenic Basin, a restricted basin at the\u0000border between the proto-Mediterranean and Paratethyan seas. Based on fish\u0000otoliths, we were able to identify 19 species from 17 genera, including two\u0000new species: Ariosoma mesohellenica and Gnathophis elongatus. This fish assemblage, in conjunction with the\u0000accompanying molluscan assemblage, indicates a variable shelf\u0000paleoenvironment with easy access to the open ocean. Although available data\u0000on the Indo-Pacific fishes of the early Miocene are very limited, the fish\u0000fauna of the Mesohellenic Basin has many elements in common with the North\u0000Sea, the NE Atlantic, and the Paratethys.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46059495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Acritus sutirca sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Eocene Baltic amber on the basis of one adult male specimen. As the first extinct member of the subfamily Abraeinae (Histeridae) and the smallest known fossil histerid specimen, this material was examined using a combination of light microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT). Internal features of the abdomen are well preserved, allowing us to study sclerotized parts of the aedeagus and illustrate these structures in detail. The current finding expands the range of known Histeridae diversity from the Eocene (48–34 Ma) “amber forests” of Europe. The absolute size limits and the probable average size for Baltic amber coleopteran inclusions are also briefly discussed (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A2B17479-8628-47C7-A8D4-3E0789BF088B).
{"title":"The first extinct species of Acritus LeConte, 1853 (Histeridae: Abraeinae) from Eocene Baltic amber: a microscopic beetle inclusion studied with X-ray micro-computed tomography","authors":"V. Alekseev, A. Bukejs","doi":"10.5194/FR-24-223-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/FR-24-223-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Acritus sutirca sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Eocene Baltic amber on\u0000the basis of one adult male specimen. As the first extinct member of the\u0000subfamily Abraeinae (Histeridae) and the smallest known fossil histerid\u0000specimen, this material was examined using a combination of light microscopy\u0000and X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT). Internal features of the\u0000abdomen are well preserved, allowing us to study sclerotized parts of the\u0000aedeagus and illustrate these structures in detail. The current finding\u0000expands the range of known Histeridae diversity from the Eocene (48–34 Ma)\u0000“amber forests” of Europe. The absolute size limits and the probable\u0000average size for Baltic amber coleopteran inclusions are also briefly\u0000discussed (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A2B17479-8628-47C7-A8D4-3E0789BF088B).\u0000","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45332483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Béthoux, Rowan E. Norrad, M. Stimson, Olivia A. King, L. Allen, Isabelle Deregnaucourt, S. Hinds, Jake H. Lewis, J. Schneider
Abstract. A stem relative of dragon- and damselflies, Brunellopteron norradi Béthoux, Deregnaucourt and Norrad gen. et sp. nov., is documented based on a specimen found at Robertson Point (Grand Lake, New Brunswick, Canada; Sunbury Creek Formation; early Moscovian, Pennsylvanian) and preserving the basal half of a hindwing. A comparative analysis of the evolution of wing venation in early odonates demonstrates that it belongs to a still poorly documented subset of species. Specifically, it displays a MP + CuA fusion, a CuA + CuP fusion, and a CuP + AA fusion, but it lacks the “extended” MP + Cu / CuA fusion and the “extended” (CuP / CuA + CuP) + AA fusion, the occurrence of which is typical of most Odonata, including Meganeura-like species. The occurrence of intercalary veins suggests that its closest relative might be Gallotypus oudardi Nel, Garrouste and Roques, 2008, from the Moscovian of northern France.
摘要龙蝇和豆娘的近亲，Brunellopteron norradi b thoux, Deregnaucourt和Norrad gen. et spnov .，是根据在Robertson Point (Grand Lake, New Brunswick,Canada)发现的标本记录下来的。Sunbury Creek地层;早期莫斯科人，宾夕法尼亚人)，保留了后翅基部的一半。一项对早期齿形动物翅脉进化的比较分析表明，它属于一个文献记载尚少的物种子集。具体表现为aMP + CuA融合、CuA + CuP融合和CuP + AA融合，但缺乏MP + Cu / CuA“扩展”融合和“扩展”(CuP / CuA + CuP) + AA融合，这是大多数蛇目动物(包括类巨动脉瘤)的典型融合。钙间静脉的出现表明，它最近的亲戚可能是来自法国北部莫斯科的beGallotypus oudardi Nel, Garrouste和Roques, 2008。
{"title":"A unique, large-sized stem Odonata (Insecta) found in the early Pennsylvanian of New Brunswick (Canada)","authors":"O. Béthoux, Rowan E. Norrad, M. Stimson, Olivia A. King, L. Allen, Isabelle Deregnaucourt, S. Hinds, Jake H. Lewis, J. Schneider","doi":"10.5194/FR-24-207-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/FR-24-207-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A stem relative of dragon- and damselflies,\u0000Brunellopteron norradi Béthoux, Deregnaucourt and Norrad gen. et sp. nov., is documented\u0000based on a specimen found at Robertson Point (Grand Lake, New Brunswick,\u0000Canada; Sunbury Creek Formation; early Moscovian, Pennsylvanian) and\u0000preserving the basal half of a hindwing. A comparative analysis of the\u0000evolution of wing venation in early odonates demonstrates that it belongs to\u0000a still poorly documented subset of species. Specifically, it displays a\u0000MP + CuA fusion, a CuA + CuP fusion, and a CuP + AA fusion, but it lacks the\u0000“extended” MP + Cu / CuA fusion and the “extended” (CuP / CuA + CuP) + AA fusion,\u0000the occurrence of which is typical of most Odonata, including Meganeura-like species. The\u0000occurrence of intercalary veins suggests that its closest relative might be\u0000Gallotypus oudardi Nel, Garrouste and Roques, 2008, from the Moscovian of northern France.","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41511957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Much work has been done on the study of vertebrate gaits over the past several decades and efforts undertaken to apply this to fossil tracks, especially dinosaurs and mammals such as cats, dogs, camels, and horses. This work seeks to expand upon such studies and in particular to study footprints laid down in sand by modern horses and apply such studies to determine the gaits of fossil horse trackways. It thus builds upon the work of Renders (1984a, b) and Kienapfel et al. (2014) and suggests additional measurements that can be taken on horse footprints. In this study the footprints left in the sand by 15 horses of various breeds with various gaits were videotaped, photographed, described, and measured in order to determine characteristics useful in distinguishing gaits. These results were then applied to two new sets of fossil footprints, those of the middle Miocene merychippine horse Scaphohippus intermontanus that I personally examined and measured and those from the late Pleistocene horse Equus conversidens, previously illustrated and described in the literature (McNeil et al., 2007). The latter horse exhibits a fast gallop of around 9.4 m/s, but it is the former whose footprints are quite unique. The quantitative and visual features of these prints are suggestive of a medium-fast gait involving apparent “understepping” of diagonal couplets and hind feet that overlap the centerline. The gait that most closely matches the footprints of Scaphohippus is the “artificial” gait of a slow rack or tolt, or pace, around 1.9 m/s, though an atypical trot of a horse with major conformation issues or which is weaving (swaying) from side to side is a less likely possibility. This intimates, along with the earlier study of Renders (1984a, b), who found the artificial gait of the running walk displayed by Pliocene hipparionine horses, that ancient horses possessed a much greater variety of gaits than modern horses and that over time they lost these abilities with the exception of certain gaited breeds.
摘要在过去的几十年里，人们对脊椎动物的步态进行了大量的研究，并努力将其应用于化石足迹，特别是恐龙和哺乳动物，如猫、狗、骆驼和马。这项工作旨在扩展这些研究，特别是研究现代马在沙子上留下的脚印，并将这些研究应用于确定化石马足迹的步态。因此，它建立在渲染(1984a, b)和Kienapfel等人(2014)的工作基础上，并建议可以对马脚印进行额外的测量。在这项研究中，我们对15匹不同品种、不同步态的马在沙地上留下的脚印进行了录像、拍照、描述和测量，以确定区分步态的有用特征。然后将这些结果应用于两组新的化石足迹，一组是我亲自检查和测量的中新世中马Scaphohippus intermontanus，另一组是来自晚更新世马Equus conversidens，之前在文献中有说明和描述(McNeil et al.， 2007)。后一匹马能以每秒9.4米的速度疾驰，但只有前一匹马的脚印才相当独特。这些脚印的数量和视觉特征表明，这是一种中速步态，包括对角对联的明显“下步”和后脚重叠在中心线上。与舟形马脚印最接近的步态是一种“人造”步态，大约1.9米/秒，尽管一匹有重大构象问题的非典型小跑或从一侧到另一侧编织(摇摆)的可能性较小。这表明，再加上早些时候的研究，发现上新世海马所展示的人造步态，古代马比现代马拥有更多种类的步态，随着时间的推移，除了某些有步态的品种外，它们失去了这些能力。
{"title":"Determining the gait of Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene horses from fossilized trackways","authors":"A. Vincelette","doi":"10.5194/FR-24-151-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/FR-24-151-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Much work has been done on the study of vertebrate gaits over the past\u0000several decades and efforts undertaken to apply this to fossil tracks,\u0000especially dinosaurs and mammals such as cats, dogs, camels, and horses.\u0000This work seeks to expand upon such studies and in particular to study\u0000footprints laid down in sand by modern horses and apply such studies to\u0000determine the gaits of fossil horse trackways. It thus builds upon the work\u0000of Renders (1984a, b) and Kienapfel et al. (2014) and suggests additional\u0000measurements that can be taken on horse footprints. In this study the\u0000footprints left in the sand by 15 horses of various breeds with various\u0000gaits were videotaped, photographed, described, and measured in order to\u0000determine characteristics useful in distinguishing gaits. These results were\u0000then applied to two new sets of fossil footprints, those of the middle\u0000Miocene merychippine horse Scaphohippus intermontanus that I personally examined and measured and\u0000those from the late Pleistocene horse Equus conversidens, previously illustrated and described\u0000in the literature (McNeil et al., 2007). The latter horse exhibits a fast\u0000gallop of around 9.4 m/s, but it is the former whose footprints are quite\u0000unique. The quantitative and visual features of these prints are suggestive\u0000of a medium-fast gait involving apparent “understepping” of diagonal\u0000couplets and hind feet that overlap the centerline. The gait that most\u0000closely matches the footprints of Scaphohippus is the “artificial” gait of a slow\u0000rack or tolt, or pace, around 1.9 m/s, though an atypical trot of a horse\u0000with major conformation issues or which is weaving (swaying) from side to\u0000side is a less likely possibility. This intimates, along with the earlier\u0000study of Renders (1984a, b), who found the artificial gait of the running walk\u0000displayed by Pliocene hipparionine horses, that ancient horses possessed a\u0000much greater variety of gaits than modern horses and that over time they\u0000lost these abilities with the exception of certain gaited breeds.","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"24 1","pages":"151-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41351320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robin Kundrata, M. Gimmel, Gabriela Packova, A. Bukejs, S. Blank
Abstract. Dascillidae are a species-poor beetle group with a scarce fossil record. Here, we describe Baltodascillus serraticornis gen. et sp. nov. based on a well-preserved specimen from Eocene Baltic amber. It differs from all known Dascillidae by its reduced mandibles. After studying the specimen using light microscopy and X-ray microtomography, we tentatively place this genus in the poorly defined subfamily Karumiinae based on the large eyes, serrate antennae, and lack of prosternal process. This is the first representative of the Dascillidae formally described from Baltic amber and the first described fossil member of the subfamily Karumiinae. We briefly discuss the problematic higher classification of Dascillidae, along with the morphology and biogeography of the group.
摘要Dascillidae是一个物种贫乏的甲虫群，化石记录很少。在这里，我们描述了Baltodascillus serraticornis gen. et sp. 11 .基于一个保存完好的始新世波罗的海琥珀标本。它与所有已知的滑蝇科的不同之处在于它的下颌骨缩小了。在使用光学显微镜和x射线显微断层扫描对标本进行研究后，我们根据大眼睛，锯齿状触角和缺乏前胸骨突初步将该属归入定义不明确的Karumiinae亚科。这是在波罗的海琥珀中被正式描述的dascillidae的第一个代表，也是Karumiinae亚科的第一个被描述的化石成员。我们简要地讨论了有问题的Dascillidae高级分类，以及该群体的形态和生物地理。
{"title":"A new enigmatic lineage of Dascillidae (Coleoptera: Elateriformia) from Eocene Baltic amber described using X-ray microtomography, with notes on Karumiinae morphology and classification","authors":"Robin Kundrata, M. Gimmel, Gabriela Packova, A. Bukejs, S. Blank","doi":"10.5194/FR-24-141-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/FR-24-141-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Dascillidae are a species-poor beetle group with a scarce\u0000fossil record. Here, we describe Baltodascillus serraticornis gen. et sp. nov. based on a well-preserved\u0000specimen from Eocene Baltic amber. It differs from all known Dascillidae by\u0000its reduced mandibles. After studying the specimen using light microscopy\u0000and X-ray microtomography, we tentatively place this genus in the poorly\u0000defined subfamily Karumiinae based on the large eyes, serrate antennae, and\u0000lack of prosternal process. This is the first representative of the\u0000Dascillidae formally described from Baltic amber and the first described\u0000fossil member of the subfamily Karumiinae. We briefly discuss the\u0000problematic higher classification of Dascillidae, along with the morphology\u0000and biogeography of the group.","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"24 1","pages":"141-149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48818938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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