Abstract. The Miocene mica clay locality of Gros Pampau, known for numerous and partly spectacular finds of marine mammals is becoming more and more a prominent site that bears the potential to resolve questions regarding taphonomic relationships and to interpret life communities of the ancient North Sea because of its rich faunal assemblage including invertebrates and other remains of various vertebrate organisms. In the present work we describe a right periotic of Physeteroidea with morphological characters so far unknown from other sperm whales. The periotics of the middle Miocene Aulophyseter morricei demonstrate the closest resemblance to the Gros Pampau specimen in their overall appearance and in the general arrangement and proportions of single structures, particularly of the anterior process and pars cochlearis. A great similarity is also documented with periotics of the living sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus, especially regarding the shape and disposition of the anterior process and the bony element located dorsally to the accessory ossicle. Kogiid periotics differ strongly from that of the Gros Pampau specimen by having an inflated and short anterior process and, typically, three well-defined spines on it. A new taxonomic naming of the Gros Pampau periotic is not appropriate at this stage, although it might demonstrate the existence of a so-far undescribed physeteroid species. Additionally, its systematic position remains yet unclear and it is unknown at this point if it could belong to Hoplocetus ritzi, another physeterid, whose fragments were discovered in the same locality, or to another, already-described taxon, of which the periotic is still unknown.
{"title":"An unfamiliar physeteroid periotic (Cetacea: Odontoceti) from the German middle–late Miocene North Sea basin at Groß Pampau","authors":"Irene Montañez-Rivera, O. Hampe","doi":"10.5194/fr-23-151-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-23-151-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Miocene mica clay locality of Gros Pampau, known for\u0000numerous and partly spectacular finds of marine mammals is becoming more and\u0000more a prominent site that bears the potential to resolve questions\u0000regarding taphonomic relationships and to interpret life communities of the\u0000ancient North Sea because of its rich faunal assemblage including\u0000invertebrates and other remains of various vertebrate organisms. In the\u0000present work we describe a right periotic of Physeteroidea with\u0000morphological characters so far unknown from other sperm whales. The\u0000periotics of the middle Miocene Aulophyseter morricei demonstrate the closest resemblance to the\u0000Gros Pampau specimen in their overall appearance and in the general\u0000arrangement and proportions of single structures, particularly of the\u0000anterior process and pars cochlearis. A great similarity is also documented\u0000with periotics of the living sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus, especially regarding the shape and\u0000disposition of the anterior process and the bony element located dorsally to\u0000the accessory ossicle. Kogiid periotics differ strongly from that of the\u0000Gros Pampau specimen by having an inflated and short anterior process\u0000and, typically, three well-defined spines on it. A new taxonomic naming of\u0000the Gros Pampau periotic is not appropriate at this stage, although it\u0000might demonstrate the existence of a so-far undescribed physeteroid species.\u0000Additionally, its systematic position remains yet unclear and it is unknown\u0000at this point if it could belong to Hoplocetus ritzi, another physeterid, whose fragments\u0000were discovered in the same locality, or to another, already-described taxon,\u0000of which the periotic is still unknown.","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"23 1","pages":"151-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46044088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Forcipulatacea is one of the three major groups of extant sea stars (Asteroidea: Echinodermata), composed of 400 extant species, but only known from fewer than 25 fossil species. Despite unequivocal members being recognized in the early Jurassic, the evolutionary history of this group is still the subject of debate. Thus, the identification of any new fossil representatives is significant. We here reappraise Ophidiaster davidsoni de Loriol and Pellat 1874 from the Tithonian of Boulogne, France, which was assigned to another major extant group, the Valvatacea, and reassign it within a new forcipulatacean genus, Psammaster gen. nov. Psammaster davidsoni gen. nov. possess key Forcipulatacea synapomorphies including compressed ambulacrals and adambulacrals and typical organization of the body wall and arm ossicles. A phylogenetic analysis including Psammaster davidsoni gen. nov. does not place it within any existing forcipulatacean family. Instead, Psammaster davidsoni gen. nov. exhibits a mix of plesiomorphic and derived characters and is resolved as a sister clade to a large group including the Asteriidae, Stichasteridae, and Heliasteridae. Removal of this species from the Ophidiasteridae means their oldest fossil representative now dates from the Santonian, Upper Cretaceous.
{"title":"A revision of Ophidiaster davidsoni de Loriol and Pellat 1874 from the Tithonian of Boulogne (France) and its transfer from the Valvatacea to the new forcipulatacean genus Psammaster gen. nov.","authors":"M. Fau, L. Villier, T. Ewin, A. Gale","doi":"10.5194/fr-23-141-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-23-141-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Forcipulatacea is one of the three major groups of extant\u0000sea stars (Asteroidea: Echinodermata), composed of 400 extant species, but\u0000only known from fewer than 25 fossil species. Despite unequivocal members\u0000being recognized in the early Jurassic, the evolutionary history of this\u0000group is still the subject of debate. Thus, the identification of any new\u0000fossil representatives is significant. We here reappraise Ophidiaster davidsoni de Loriol and\u0000Pellat 1874 from the Tithonian of Boulogne, France, which was assigned to\u0000another major extant group, the Valvatacea, and reassign it within a new\u0000forcipulatacean genus, Psammaster gen. nov. Psammaster davidsoni gen. nov. possess key Forcipulatacea\u0000synapomorphies including compressed ambulacrals and adambulacrals and\u0000typical organization of the body wall and arm ossicles. A phylogenetic\u0000analysis including Psammaster davidsoni gen. nov. does not place it within any existing\u0000forcipulatacean family. Instead, Psammaster davidsoni gen. nov. exhibits a mix of plesiomorphic\u0000and derived characters and is resolved as a sister clade to a large group\u0000including the Asteriidae, Stichasteridae, and Heliasteridae. Removal of this\u0000species from the Ophidiasteridae means their oldest fossil representative\u0000now dates from the Santonian, Upper Cretaceous.","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"23 1","pages":"141-149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49165482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Mennerotodus Zhelezko, 1994, is an extinct lamniform shark known to occur in Paleogene strata of the Tethyan region of Asia and Europe. Although only a single species has been named, multiple subspecies have been erected and used as biostratigraphic tools in Asia. The genus has not been reported with confidence outside of the Tethyan region, but we have identified two new species of Mennerotodus from Paleogene deposits of the southeastern United States. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. is described by teeth occurring in the lower Paleocene (Danian Stage) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation of southern Alabama. A middle Eocene (Bartonian) species, Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov., is based on material occurring in the Clinchfield Formation in central Georgia. The early Paleocene record could indicate a North American origin for Mennerotodus relatively soon after the K–Pg event, with subsequent radiation to other parts of the world. The genus is likely more widely distributed than is currently known, but teeth can easily be overlooked due to their similarity to other taxa.
{"title":"Two new species of Mennerotodus Zhelezko, 1994 (Chondrichthyes: Lamniformes: Odontaspididae), from the Paleogene of the southeastern United States","authors":"D. Cicimurri, Jun A. Ebersole, G. Martin","doi":"10.5194/fr-23-117-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-23-117-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Mennerotodus Zhelezko, 1994, is an extinct lamniform shark known to\u0000occur in Paleogene strata of the Tethyan region of Asia and Europe. Although\u0000only a single species has been named, multiple subspecies have been erected\u0000and used as biostratigraphic tools in Asia. The genus has not been reported\u0000with confidence outside of the Tethyan region, but we have identified two\u0000new species of Mennerotodus from Paleogene deposits of the southeastern United States.\u0000Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. is described by teeth occurring in the lower Paleocene (Danian\u0000Stage) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation of southern Alabama. A\u0000middle Eocene (Bartonian) species, Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov., is based on material occurring\u0000in the Clinchfield Formation in central Georgia. The early Paleocene record\u0000could indicate a North American origin for Mennerotodus relatively soon after the K–Pg\u0000event, with subsequent radiation to other parts of the world. The genus is\u0000likely more widely distributed than is currently known, but teeth can easily\u0000be overlooked due to their similarity to other taxa.","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"23 1","pages":"117-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44175639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bukejs, J. Bezděk, V. Alekseev, K. Kairišs, R. McKellar
Abstract. A male representative of the extinct species Calomicrus eocenicus Bukejs et Bezděk, 2014 (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) is found and described for the first time from Eocene Baltic amber using X-ray microtomography. The aedeagus is well preserved within the body cavity of the specimen, and it is illustrated in detail. This fossil species exhibits distinct sexual dimorphism: the male has a smaller total body size, as well as a copula-adapted modification in abdominal ventrite 5 (apical margin deeply trilobed, with round medial fovea present); meanwhile the female is larger in body size and has a simple abdominal ventrite 5 (without fovea, non-incised and widely rounded apically). Similar sexually dimorphic characters are typical for extant members of the tribe Luperini, and this report is the first time that they are described in an Eocene species. The known sexually dimorphic characters present in Coleoptera within Eocene Baltic amber are briefly discussed.
{"title":"Description of the male of fossil Calomicrus eocenicus Bukejs et Bezděk (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) from Eocene Baltic amber using X-ray microtomography","authors":"A. Bukejs, J. Bezděk, V. Alekseev, K. Kairišs, R. McKellar","doi":"10.5194/fr-23-105-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-23-105-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A male representative of the extinct species Calomicrus eocenicus Bukejs et\u0000Bezděk, 2014 (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) is found and described for the\u0000first time from Eocene Baltic amber using X-ray microtomography. The\u0000aedeagus is well preserved within the body cavity of the specimen, and it is\u0000illustrated in detail. This fossil species exhibits distinct sexual\u0000dimorphism: the male has a smaller total body size, as well as a\u0000copula-adapted modification in abdominal ventrite 5 (apical margin deeply\u0000trilobed, with round medial fovea present); meanwhile the female is larger\u0000in body size and has a simple abdominal ventrite 5 (without fovea,\u0000non-incised and widely rounded apically). Similar sexually dimorphic\u0000characters are typical for extant members of the tribe Luperini, and this\u0000report is the first time that they are described in an Eocene species. The\u0000known sexually dimorphic characters present in Coleoptera within Eocene\u0000Baltic amber are briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"23 1","pages":"105-115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45337464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Based on two specimens originating from Eocene Rovno and Baltic ambers, Attagenus (Aethriostoma) gedanicissimus sp. nov. is described, illustrated and compared with the related fossil Mesozoic species A. (Aethriostoma) turonianensis Peris et Hava, 2016. The common beetle species for Baltic and Rovno ambers suggests the exceptional temporal and geographical closeness of palaeoecosystems that produced both amber deposits. An updated checklist of Coleoptera known from Rovno amber (57 species belonging to 20 families) is compiled and provided with a bibliography of the original descriptions. The registered Rovno amber beetle assemblage contains only eight species that also occur in Baltic amber (14 %), while the similarity at the generic level is 56 % at the moment. The relationship between the Rovno and Baltic amber deposits and subjectiveness of present-day results of the beetle assemblage research are briefly discussed (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:289B5A43-C57A-4B75-8A15-6E61F4AFCD81).
摘要本文以源自始新世Rovno和波罗的海地区的两个标本为基础，对其进行了描述、说明，并与相关的中生代物种A. (Aethriostoma) turonianensis Peris et Hava, 2016进行了比较。波罗的海琥珀和罗夫诺琥珀的常见甲虫种类表明，产生这两种琥珀矿床的古生态系统在时间和地理上非常接近。编制了一份最新的Rovno琥珀鞘翅目名录(隶属于20科57种)，并提供了原始描述的参考书目。已登记的罗夫诺琥珀甲虫组合中只有8种(14%)也出现在波罗的海琥珀中，而目前在属级上的相似性为56%。本文简要讨论了罗夫诺与波罗的海琥珀沉积的关系以及甲虫组合研究的主观性(urnsid:zoobank.org:pub:289B5A43-C57A-4B75-8A15-6E61F4AFCD81)。
{"title":"A new fossil species of Attagenus Latreille (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) in Rovno and Baltic ambers, with a brief review of known fossil beetles from the Rovno amber Lagerstätte","authors":"A. Bukejs, J. Háva, V. Alekseev","doi":"10.5194/fr-23-95-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-23-95-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Based on two specimens originating from Eocene Rovno and\u0000Baltic ambers, Attagenus (Aethriostoma) gedanicissimus sp. nov. is described, illustrated and compared with the\u0000related fossil Mesozoic species A. (Aethriostoma) turonianensis Peris et Hava, 2016. The common\u0000beetle species for Baltic and Rovno ambers suggests the exceptional temporal\u0000and geographical closeness of palaeoecosystems that produced both amber\u0000deposits. An updated checklist of Coleoptera known from Rovno amber (57\u0000species belonging to 20 families) is compiled and provided with a\u0000bibliography of the original descriptions. The registered Rovno amber beetle\u0000assemblage contains only eight species that also occur in Baltic amber\u0000(14 %), while the similarity at the generic level is 56 % at the\u0000moment. The relationship between the Rovno and Baltic amber deposits and\u0000subjectiveness of present-day results of the beetle assemblage research are\u0000briefly discussed (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:289B5A43-C57A-4B75-8A15-6E61F4AFCD81).","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"23 1","pages":"95-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41942713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Peltochelys duchastelii is an enigmatic turtle from Early Cretaceous (middle Barremian–early Aptian) Sainte-Barbe Formation of Bernissart, Belgium. In more recent literature, there has been strong support for the trionychian affinities of this taxon, but this interpretation is less consistent with external data, in particular biogeography and temporal considerations. We provide a reinterpretation here of the lectotype of Peltochelys duchastelii that differs from more recent ones in key features. Although we agree that this turtle lacks mesoplastra, we conclude that it has 11 pairs of peripherals (not 10), likely had 12 pairs of marginals (not 11), lacks a contact between peripheral 1 and costal 1, and that a midline contact of peripherals 1 hinders the nuchal from contributing to the margin of the shell. This unusual set of characters is otherwise known from roughly coeval taxa from Europe and North America. Phylogenetic analysis yields a previously unrecognized clade of basal paracryptodiran turtles from the Late Jurassic to Paleogene of Euramerica united by a nuchal that is withdrawn from the anterior margin of the shell. The name Compsemydidae is referred to this clade. The novel hypothesis suggests that Peltochelys duchastelii did not immigrate from Asia but instead originated in Europe.
{"title":"An alternative interpretation of Peltochelys duchastelii as a paracryptodire","authors":"W. Joyce, Y. Rollot","doi":"10.5194/fr-23-83-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-23-83-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Peltochelys duchastelii is an enigmatic turtle from Early Cretaceous (middle\u0000Barremian–early Aptian) Sainte-Barbe Formation of Bernissart, Belgium. In more recent literature, there has been strong support for the\u0000trionychian affinities of this taxon, but this interpretation is less\u0000consistent with external data, in particular biogeography and temporal\u0000considerations. We provide a reinterpretation here of the lectotype of\u0000Peltochelys duchastelii that differs from more recent ones in key features. Although we agree that\u0000this turtle lacks mesoplastra, we conclude that it has 11 pairs of\u0000peripherals (not 10), likely had 12 pairs of marginals (not 11),\u0000lacks a contact between peripheral 1 and costal 1, and that a midline\u0000contact of peripherals 1 hinders the nuchal from contributing to the margin\u0000of the shell. This unusual set of characters is otherwise known from roughly\u0000coeval taxa from Europe and North America. Phylogenetic analysis yields a\u0000previously unrecognized clade of basal paracryptodiran turtles from the Late\u0000Jurassic to Paleogene of Euramerica united by a nuchal that is withdrawn\u0000from the anterior margin of the shell. The name Compsemydidae is referred to this clade. The novel hypothesis suggests that Peltochelys duchastelii did not immigrate from Asia\u0000but instead originated in Europe.","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"23 1","pages":"83-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41901060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Based on a well-preserved specimen from Eocene Baltic amber, a new weevil – Baltacalles triumurbium gen. et sp. nov. – is described and illustrated. The new fossil genus is similar to the extant Acalles Schoenherr, 1825 but differs from it in the denticulate femora, abdominal ventrites 1–2 combined about 2.8 times as long as ventrites 3–4 combined, distinct scutellum, narrow, subparallel metepisternum, not flattened rostrum, and narrow forehead. This is the first described representative of the Tylodina (Molytinae: Cryptorhynchini) described from Baltic amber. The data on the geographically and stratigraphically distinct local sources of Baltic amber in the Kaliningrad Region are provided; the main sampling localities are listed and photographed. The importance of the possible exact labeling of the material is emphasized.
摘要根据一份保存完好的始新世波罗的海琥珀标本，描述并说明了一种新的象鼻虫——Baltacalles triumurbium gen. et sp. nov.。新化石属与现存的Acalles Schoenherr(1825)相似，但在具小齿的股骨、1-2腹腔体之和约为3-4腹腔体之和的2.8倍、明显的胸骨、窄的近平行的胸突、不扁平的喙和窄的前额上有所不同。这是波罗的海琥珀中首次描述的Tylodina (Molytinae: Cryptorhynchini)的代表。提供了加里宁格勒地区波罗的海琥珀在地理和地层学上不同的地方来源的资料;列出主要采样地点并拍照。强调了可能准确标注材料的重要性。
{"title":"A new Eocene genus of the subtribe Tylodina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and notes concerning local differences of Baltic amber in the Kaliningrad Region","authors":"A. Bukejs, V. Alekseev, A. Legalov","doi":"10.5194/fr-23-75-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-23-75-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Based on a well-preserved specimen from Eocene Baltic amber, a new\u0000weevil – Baltacalles triumurbium gen. et sp. nov. – is described and illustrated. The new fossil genus\u0000is similar to the extant Acalles Schoenherr, 1825 but differs from it in the\u0000denticulate femora, abdominal ventrites 1–2 combined about 2.8 times as\u0000long as ventrites 3–4 combined, distinct scutellum, narrow, subparallel\u0000metepisternum, not flattened rostrum, and narrow forehead. This is the first\u0000described representative of the Tylodina (Molytinae: Cryptorhynchini)\u0000described from Baltic amber. The data on the geographically and\u0000stratigraphically distinct local sources of Baltic amber in the Kaliningrad\u0000Region are provided; the main sampling localities are listed and\u0000photographed. The importance of the possible exact labeling of the material\u0000is emphasized.","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"23 1","pages":"75-81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44851613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. A new species of stem Orthoptera, namely Phtanomiamia gui gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Pennsylvanian Xiaheyan locality in China. Despite the intensive collecting efforts undertaken at this locality, a single forewing was recovered. It shares with the “lobeattid” Miamia spp. two peculiar traits, namely a broad ScP–R/RA area and a very early branching of CuA + CuPa. On the other hand, it displays a free portion of CuA (between its divergence from M + CuA and its fusion with CuPa), a trait allowing exclusion of the new species from Miamia, to which it is most likely very closely related.
{"title":"A new, rare and small “lobeattid” species (Insecta: Archaeorthoptera) found at Xiaheyan (Pennsylvanian; Ningxia, China)","authors":"Lu Chen, D. Ren, O. Béthoux","doi":"10.5194/fr-23-71-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-23-71-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A new species of stem Orthoptera, namely Phtanomiamia gui gen. et sp.\u0000nov., is described from the Pennsylvanian Xiaheyan locality in China.\u0000Despite the intensive collecting efforts undertaken at this locality, a\u0000single forewing was recovered. It shares with the “lobeattid” Miamia spp. two\u0000peculiar traits, namely a broad ScP–R/RA area and a very early branching\u0000of CuA + CuPa. On the other hand, it displays a free portion of CuA (between\u0000its divergence from M + CuA and its fusion with CuPa), a trait allowing\u0000exclusion of the new species from Miamia, to which it is most likely very closely\u0000related.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42820385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Despite the great importance of plant–insect interactions to the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, many temporal gaps exist in our knowledge of insect herbivory in deep time. Subsampling of fossil leaves, and subsequent extrapolation of results to the entire flora from which they came, is practiced inconsistently and according to inconsistent, often arbitrary criteria. Here we compare herbivory data from three exhaustively sampled fossil floras to establish guidelines for subsampling in future studies. The impact of various subsampling routines is evaluated for three of the most common metrics of insect herbivory: damage type diversity, nonmetric multidimensional scaling, and the herbivory index. The findings presented here suggest that a minimum fragment size threshold of 1 cm2 always yields accurate results and that a higher threshold of 2 cm2 should yield accurate results for plant hosts that are not polyphyletic form taxa. Due to the structural variability of the plant hosts examined here, no other a priori subsampling strategy yields consistently accurate results. The best approach may be a sequential sampling routine in which sampling continues until the 100 most recently sampled leaves have caused no change to the mean value or confidence interval for damage type diversity and have caused minimal or no change to the herbivory index. For nonmetric multidimensional scaling, at least 1000 cm2 of leaf surface area should be examined and prediction intervals should be generated to verify the relative positions of all points. Future studies should evaluate the impact of subsampling routines on floras that are collected based on different criteria, such as angiosperm floras for which the only specimens collected are those that are at least 50 % complete.
{"title":"Sampling fossil floras for the study of insect herbivory: how many leaves is enough?","authors":"Sandra R. Schachat, S. Maccracken, C. Labandeira","doi":"10.5194/fr-23-15-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-23-15-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Despite the great importance of plant–insect interactions to the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, many temporal gaps exist in our knowledge of insect herbivory in deep time. Subsampling of fossil leaves, and subsequent extrapolation of results to the entire flora from which they came, is practiced inconsistently and according to inconsistent, often arbitrary criteria. Here we compare herbivory data from three exhaustively sampled fossil floras to establish guidelines for subsampling in future studies. The impact of various subsampling routines is evaluated for three of the most common metrics of insect herbivory: damage type diversity, nonmetric multidimensional scaling, and the herbivory index. The findings presented here suggest that a minimum fragment size threshold of 1 cm2 always yields accurate results and that a higher threshold of 2 cm2 should yield accurate results for plant hosts that are not polyphyletic form taxa. Due to the structural variability of the plant hosts examined here, no other a priori subsampling strategy yields consistently accurate results. The best approach may be a sequential sampling routine in which sampling continues until the 100 most recently sampled leaves have caused no change to the mean value or confidence interval for damage type diversity and have caused minimal or no change to the herbivory index. For nonmetric multidimensional scaling, at least 1000 cm2 of leaf surface area should be examined and prediction intervals should be generated to verify the relative positions of all points. Future studies should evaluate the impact of subsampling routines on floras that are collected based on different criteria, such as angiosperm floras for which the only specimens collected are those that are at least 50 % complete.","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"23 1","pages":"15-32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46041059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jana Gliwa, A. Ghaderi, L. Leda, Martin Schobben, S. Tomás, W. Foster, M. Forel, Nahideh Ghanizadeh Tabrizi, S. Grasby, U. Struck, A. Ashouri, D. Korn
Abstract. The Permian–Triassic boundary section in the Aras Valley in NW Iran is investigated with respect to carbonate microfacies, biostratigraphy (particularly conodonts, nautiloids, and ammonoids), chemostratigraphy (carbon isotopes), and environmental setting. Correlation of the data allows the establishment of a high-resolution stratigraphy based on conodonts (with four Wuchiapingian, 10 Changhsingian, and three Griesbachian zones), ammonoids (with nine Changhsingian zones), and carbon isotopes; it forms the base for the reconstruction of the environmental changes before and after the end-Permian extinction event at the studied locality. In the Aras Valley section, there is no evidence for the development of anoxic conditions, associated with the end-Permian mass extinction.
{"title":"Aras Valley (northwest Iran): high-resolution stratigraphy of a continuous central Tethyan Permian–Triassic boundary section","authors":"Jana Gliwa, A. Ghaderi, L. Leda, Martin Schobben, S. Tomás, W. Foster, M. Forel, Nahideh Ghanizadeh Tabrizi, S. Grasby, U. Struck, A. Ashouri, D. Korn","doi":"10.5194/fr-23-33-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-23-33-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Permian–Triassic boundary section in the Aras Valley in NW\u0000Iran is investigated with respect to carbonate microfacies, biostratigraphy\u0000(particularly conodonts, nautiloids, and ammonoids), chemostratigraphy\u0000(carbon isotopes), and environmental setting. Correlation of the data allows\u0000the establishment of a high-resolution stratigraphy based on conodonts (with\u0000four Wuchiapingian, 10 Changhsingian, and three Griesbachian zones),\u0000ammonoids (with nine Changhsingian zones), and carbon isotopes; it forms\u0000the base for the reconstruction of the environmental changes before and\u0000after the end-Permian extinction event at the studied locality. In the Aras\u0000Valley section, there is no evidence for the development of anoxic\u0000conditions, associated with the end-Permian mass extinction.","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"23 1","pages":"33-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46125888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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