Background: Air pollution, including PM2.5, was suggested as one of the primary contributors to COVID-19 fatalities worldwide. Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, was recognized as one of the ten most polluted cities globally. Additionally, the incidence of COVID-19 in Jakarta surpasses that of all other provinces in Indonesia. However, no study has investigated the correlation between PM2.5 concentration and COVID-19 fatality in Jakarta.
Objective: To investigate the correlation between short-term and long-term exposure to PM2.5 and COVID-19 mortality in Greater Jakarta area.
Methods: An ecological time-trend study was implemented. The data of PM2.5 ambient concentration obtained from Nafas Indonesia and the National Institute for Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN)/National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). The daily COVID-19 death data obtained from the City's Health Office.
Findings: Our study unveiled an intriguing pattern: while short-term exposure to PM2.5 showed a negative correlation with COVID-19 mortality, suggesting it might not be the sole factor in causing fatalities, long-term exposure demonstrated a positive correlation. This suggests that COVID-19 mortality is more strongly influenced by prolonged PM2.5 exposure rather than short-term exposure alone. Specifically, our regression analysis estimate that a 50 µg/m3 increase in long-term average PM2.5 could lead to an 11.9% rise in the COVID-19 mortality rate.
Conclusion: Our research, conducted in one of the most polluted areas worldwide, offers compelling evidence regarding the influence of PM2.5 exposure on COVID-19 mortality rates. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing air pollution as a critical risk factor for the severity of viral respiratory infections.
{"title":"Indirect Effects of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Exposure on COVID-19 Mortality in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia: An Ecological Study.","authors":"Budi Haryanto, Indang Trihandini, Fajar Nugraha, Fitri Kurniasari","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4411","DOIUrl":"10.5334/aogh.4411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Air pollution, including PM<sub>2.5</sub>, was suggested as one of the primary contributors to COVID-19 fatalities worldwide. Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, was recognized as one of the ten most polluted cities globally. Additionally, the incidence of COVID-19 in Jakarta surpasses that of all other provinces in Indonesia. However, no study has investigated the correlation between PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration and COVID-19 fatality in Jakarta.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the correlation between short-term and long-term exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> and COVID-19 mortality in Greater Jakarta area.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An ecological time-trend study was implemented. The data of PM<sub>2.5</sub> ambient concentration obtained from Nafas Indonesia and the National Institute for Aeronautics and Space (<i>LAPAN</i>)/National Research and Innovation Agency (<i>BRIN</i>). The daily COVID-19 death data obtained from the City's Health Office.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Our study unveiled an intriguing pattern: while short-term exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> showed a negative correlation with COVID-19 mortality, suggesting it might not be the sole factor in causing fatalities, long-term exposure demonstrated a positive correlation. This suggests that COVID-19 mortality is more strongly influenced by prolonged PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure rather than short-term exposure alone. Specifically, our regression analysis estimate that a 50 µg/m3 increase in long-term average PM<sub>2.5</sub> could lead to an 11.9% rise in the COVID-19 mortality rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our research, conducted in one of the most polluted areas worldwide, offers compelling evidence regarding the influence of PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure on COVID-19 mortality rates. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing air pollution as a critical risk factor for the severity of viral respiratory infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11141510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. El-Ghitany, Eman A. Omran, Noha Ahmed El Dabbah, S. Aborhyem, N. Azzam
Background: The High Institute of Public Health (HIPH), as a post-graduate academic institute, was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in several aspects. This paper describes the effect of COVID-19 on the three main domains of HIPH: research, education, and community services. Documenting the activities and practices of the HIPH during the pandemic reflects the degree of resilience and preparedness against possible future global emergencies. Despite its importance for policymakers, such data is lacking from similar institutes in the Middle East, including Egypt. Methods: An extensive search in four popular scientific databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Scival) was conducted to extract publications by authors affiliated with the HIPH using relevant keywords. Records were reviewed to collect data on the educational process as well as data on community services (convoys, campaigns, seminars, and workshops held by HIPH staff). All the mentioned activities were described, analyzed and compared before and during the pandemic to study the impact of the pandemic on the HIPH, as an example of a postgraduate institute. Results: The total numbers of COVID-19-related publications in Scopus by authors affiliated with the HIPH were 115 publications, the majority of which were research articles in the ‘Medicine’ and ‘Immunology and Microbiology’ domains. Most of them focused on assessing the relationship between the pandemic and quality of life, and prevention and treatment of COVID-19 (22.2% each). Publications on COVID-19 by HIPH researchers during the pandemic constituted 33.1% (115 publications) of the total publications by Alexandria University. Among the top ten authors on COVID-19 at Alexandria University, four were HIPH affiliated. The year 2022 witnessed the most frequent publications on COVID-19 by HIPH (51/115 publications, 44.3% of all COVID-19 publications by the HIPH on Scopus). All program courses were taught online during the year 2019–2020 (343 courses). HIPH provided several community services during the pandemic, which included 16 convoys in the poorer areas of Alexandria that served more than 1250 beneficiaries. Their goals were raising health awareness on COVID-19 vaccination, health education, and environmental assessment. Implications for Policy & Practice: This paper is the first of its kind by members of the High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University. It provides baseline data for future similar work and is a documentation of the compilation of efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic that gives baseline data for public health assessment and planning by policy makers.
{"title":"Role of the “High Institute of Public Health” during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case from Egypt","authors":"E. El-Ghitany, Eman A. Omran, Noha Ahmed El Dabbah, S. Aborhyem, N. Azzam","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4387","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The High Institute of Public Health (HIPH), as a post-graduate academic institute, was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in several aspects. This paper describes the effect of COVID-19 on the three main domains of HIPH: research, education, and community services. Documenting the activities and practices of the HIPH during the pandemic reflects the degree of resilience and preparedness against possible future global emergencies. Despite its importance for policymakers, such data is lacking from similar institutes in the Middle East, including Egypt. Methods: An extensive search in four popular scientific databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Scival) was conducted to extract publications by authors affiliated with the HIPH using relevant keywords. Records were reviewed to collect data on the educational process as well as data on community services (convoys, campaigns, seminars, and workshops held by HIPH staff). All the mentioned activities were described, analyzed and compared before and during the pandemic to study the impact of the pandemic on the HIPH, as an example of a postgraduate institute. Results: The total numbers of COVID-19-related publications in Scopus by authors affiliated with the HIPH were 115 publications, the majority of which were research articles in the ‘Medicine’ and ‘Immunology and Microbiology’ domains. Most of them focused on assessing the relationship between the pandemic and quality of life, and prevention and treatment of COVID-19 (22.2% each). Publications on COVID-19 by HIPH researchers during the pandemic constituted 33.1% (115 publications) of the total publications by Alexandria University. Among the top ten authors on COVID-19 at Alexandria University, four were HIPH affiliated. The year 2022 witnessed the most frequent publications on COVID-19 by HIPH (51/115 publications, 44.3% of all COVID-19 publications by the HIPH on Scopus). All program courses were taught online during the year 2019–2020 (343 courses). HIPH provided several community services during the pandemic, which included 16 convoys in the poorer areas of Alexandria that served more than 1250 beneficiaries. Their goals were raising health awareness on COVID-19 vaccination, health education, and environmental assessment. Implications for Policy & Practice: This paper is the first of its kind by members of the High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University. It provides baseline data for future similar work and is a documentation of the compilation of efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic that gives baseline data for public health assessment and planning by policy makers.","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141100892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rising global suicide rate presents a major public health concern, resulting in the loss of over 700,000 lives annually. Discrepancies in the impact of suicide among diverse populations underscore the necessity for targeted prevention strategies. Primary care providers (PCPs) play a crucial role in identifying and managing suicide risk, particularly in underserved areas with limited access to mental health care. Educating PCPs about evidence-based interventions and suicide prevention strategies has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing suicide rates. Landmark initiatives in Australia, Sweden, and Hungary have successfully lowered suicide rates by implementing educational programs for PCPs focused on suicide prevention. Denmark, previously afflicted by some of the highest rates globally in the 1980s, has significantly reduced its figures and now ranks among countries with the lowest rates in high-income nations. Collaborative programs involving PCPs and health workers in low-resource regions have also shown promising outcomes in suicide prevention efforts. Enhancing the expertise of PCPs in suicide prevention can fortify healthcare systems, prioritize mental health, and ultimately save lives, contributing to global health endeavors aimed at addressing the pervasive issue of suicide.
{"title":"Advancing Global Health Through Primary Care Physician Education on Suicide Prevention","authors":"Santiago Almanzar","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4410","url":null,"abstract":"The rising global suicide rate presents a major public health concern, resulting in the loss of over 700,000 lives annually. Discrepancies in the impact of suicide among diverse populations underscore the necessity for targeted prevention strategies. Primary care providers (PCPs) play a crucial role in identifying and managing suicide risk, particularly in underserved areas with limited access to mental health care. Educating PCPs about evidence-based interventions and suicide prevention strategies has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing suicide rates. Landmark initiatives in Australia, Sweden, and Hungary have successfully lowered suicide rates by implementing educational programs for PCPs focused on suicide prevention. Denmark, previously afflicted by some of the highest rates globally in the 1980s, has significantly reduced its figures and now ranks among countries with the lowest rates in high-income nations. Collaborative programs involving PCPs and health workers in low-resource regions have also shown promising outcomes in suicide prevention efforts. Enhancing the expertise of PCPs in suicide prevention can fortify healthcare systems, prioritize mental health, and ultimately save lives, contributing to global health endeavors aimed at addressing the pervasive issue of suicide.","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kara J Shannon, Jocelyn Burridge, Brodus A. Franklin, Sheena R. Bhushan, S. Hilsenbeck, Elena V. Petrova, James N’Dow, Ibezimako Iwuh, S. Anandasabapathy, Jeffrey P. Wilkinson
Background: The Gambia has the 12th highest maternal mortality rate in the world, with 80% of deaths resulting from avoidable causes. Unawareness of pregnancy danger signs (DS) has been shown to be a barrier to seeking obstetric care, while app-based education intervention has shown promise. Objective: We aim to assess patient awareness of DS, identify barriers to awareness, and evaluate potential for implementing smartphone-based technologies for education. Methods: A cross-sectional semi-structured survey was administered to Gambian women (n = 100) across five hospitals/health centers. Data and informed consent were collected via an online survey portal. Analysis included bivariate analysis and descriptive statistics with p < 0.05 significance level. Recall of 0–2 DS per category was classified as “low” knowledge, 3–5 as “moderate” knowledge, and 6+ as “sufficient” knowledge. Cross-category recall was quantified for overall awareness level (0–6 = “low”, 7–12 = “moderate”, 13+ = “sufficient”. N = 28 total DS). Findings: Although 75% of participants (n = 100) self-perceived “sufficient” knowledge of DS, the average recall was only two (SD = 2, n = 11) pregnancy DS, one labor and delivery DS (SD = 1, n = 8), and one postpartum DS (SD = 1, n = 9). Twenty-one women were unable to recall any danger signs. “Low” awareness was identified in 77% of women, while 23%, and 0% of women showed “moderate” and “sufficient” overall awareness, respectively. Education level was significantly correlated with overall danger sign recall (ρ(98) = .243, p = .015) and awareness level (ρ(98) = .265, p = .008). Monthly income was significantly correlated with awareness level (ρ(97) = .311, p = .002). Smartphone ownership was reported by 76% of women, and 97% expressed interest in using app-based video (94%) or provider (93%) teaching. Conclusions: Women had low knowledge of obstetric danger signs, and true awareness of danger signs was remarkably lower than self-perceived knowledge. However, patients exhibited proper healthcare-seeking behavior when danger signs arose. Findings suggest that video- or messaging-based education from local healthcare providers may be effective DS educational interventions.
{"title":"Gambian Mothers Lack Obstetric Danger Sign Knowledge, But Educational Intervention Shows Promise","authors":"Kara J Shannon, Jocelyn Burridge, Brodus A. Franklin, Sheena R. Bhushan, S. Hilsenbeck, Elena V. Petrova, James N’Dow, Ibezimako Iwuh, S. Anandasabapathy, Jeffrey P. Wilkinson","doi":"10.5334/aogh.3930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.3930","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Gambia has the 12th highest maternal mortality rate in the world, with 80% of deaths resulting from avoidable causes. Unawareness of pregnancy danger signs (DS) has been shown to be a barrier to seeking obstetric care, while app-based education intervention has shown promise. Objective: We aim to assess patient awareness of DS, identify barriers to awareness, and evaluate potential for implementing smartphone-based technologies for education. Methods: A cross-sectional semi-structured survey was administered to Gambian women (n = 100) across five hospitals/health centers. Data and informed consent were collected via an online survey portal. Analysis included bivariate analysis and descriptive statistics with p < 0.05 significance level. Recall of 0–2 DS per category was classified as “low” knowledge, 3–5 as “moderate” knowledge, and 6+ as “sufficient” knowledge. Cross-category recall was quantified for overall awareness level (0–6 = “low”, 7–12 = “moderate”, 13+ = “sufficient”. N = 28 total DS). Findings: Although 75% of participants (n = 100) self-perceived “sufficient” knowledge of DS, the average recall was only two (SD = 2, n = 11) pregnancy DS, one labor and delivery DS (SD = 1, n = 8), and one postpartum DS (SD = 1, n = 9). Twenty-one women were unable to recall any danger signs. “Low” awareness was identified in 77% of women, while 23%, and 0% of women showed “moderate” and “sufficient” overall awareness, respectively. Education level was significantly correlated with overall danger sign recall (ρ(98) = .243, p = .015) and awareness level (ρ(98) = .265, p = .008). Monthly income was significantly correlated with awareness level (ρ(97) = .311, p = .002). Smartphone ownership was reported by 76% of women, and 97% expressed interest in using app-based video (94%) or provider (93%) teaching. Conclusions: Women had low knowledge of obstetric danger signs, and true awareness of danger signs was remarkably lower than self-perceived knowledge. However, patients exhibited proper healthcare-seeking behavior when danger signs arose. Findings suggest that video- or messaging-based education from local healthcare providers may be effective DS educational interventions.","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141118949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vinoj H Sewberath Misser, A. Hindori-Mohangoo, A. Shankar, Maureen Lichtveld, Jeffrey Wickliffe, Dennis R. A. Mans
Background: The exposure of pregnant women to multiple environmental pollutants may be more disadvantageous to birth outcomes when compared to single-compound contaminations. Objective: This study investigated the mixed exposures to mercury, manganese, or lead in 380 pregnant Surinamese women. The factors that might be associated with the heavy metal exposures and the relative risk of the potential factors to cause the mixed exposures were explored. The influencing factors of exposures to mixed contaminants assessed were living in Suriname’s rural regions, several parts of which are contaminated with heavy metals emitted from artisanal and small-scale gold mining and agricultural activities; the consumption of potentially contaminated foods; advanced maternal age; as well as a relatively low formal educational level and monthly household income. Methods: Descriptive statistics were used to calculate frequency distributions and χ2-contingency analyses to calculate associations and relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Findings: Blood levels of two or three of the heavy metals above public health limits were observed in 36% of the women. These women were more often residing in the rural regions, primarily consumed potentially contaminated food items, were 35 years or older, were lower educated, and more often had a lower household income. However, only living in the rural regions (RR = 1.48; 95% CI 1.23–1.77) and a low household income (RR = 1.38; 95% CI 1.15–1.66) significantly increased the risk of exposure exceeding levels of concern to two or three of the heavy metals (by 48% and 38%, respectively). Conclusion: More comprehensive pharmacological, ecological, and epidemiological studies about exposures to mixed heavy metal contaminations in pregnant women are warranted.
{"title":"Possible Risk Factors and Their Potential Associations with Combined Heavy Metal Exposures in Pregnant Women in the Republic of Suriname","authors":"Vinoj H Sewberath Misser, A. Hindori-Mohangoo, A. Shankar, Maureen Lichtveld, Jeffrey Wickliffe, Dennis R. A. Mans","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4402","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The exposure of pregnant women to multiple environmental pollutants may be more disadvantageous to birth outcomes when compared to single-compound contaminations. Objective: This study investigated the mixed exposures to mercury, manganese, or lead in 380 pregnant Surinamese women. The factors that might be associated with the heavy metal exposures and the relative risk of the potential factors to cause the mixed exposures were explored. The influencing factors of exposures to mixed contaminants assessed were living in Suriname’s rural regions, several parts of which are contaminated with heavy metals emitted from artisanal and small-scale gold mining and agricultural activities; the consumption of potentially contaminated foods; advanced maternal age; as well as a relatively low formal educational level and monthly household income. Methods: Descriptive statistics were used to calculate frequency distributions and χ2-contingency analyses to calculate associations and relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Findings: Blood levels of two or three of the heavy metals above public health limits were observed in 36% of the women. These women were more often residing in the rural regions, primarily consumed potentially contaminated food items, were 35 years or older, were lower educated, and more often had a lower household income. However, only living in the rural regions (RR = 1.48; 95% CI 1.23–1.77) and a low household income (RR = 1.38; 95% CI 1.15–1.66) significantly increased the risk of exposure exceeding levels of concern to two or three of the heavy metals (by 48% and 38%, respectively). Conclusion: More comprehensive pharmacological, ecological, and epidemiological studies about exposures to mixed heavy metal contaminations in pregnant women are warranted.","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140724226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To describe sociodemographic characteristics and health-related data in persons deprived of liberty (PDL) from South America in the last five years. Methods: Documentary descriptive study. Results: There are 1.5 million PDL in Latin America and the Caribbean; the average overcrowding is 64%; 58% do not sleep in beds, 20% do not have access to clean water and 29% do not receive medical care. In Peru, during 2021, there were 87,245 PDL and 69 penal institutions. The national average overcrowding is 120%, the second-highest in South America. In South America, the prevalence of tuberculosis is 2.0% SD = 0.64 and the median of illegal substances prevalence is 34.6 (IQR = 7.5–41.4). In Peru, the prevalence of tuberculosis has decreased since 2016 (4.3%), 2018(3.5%), and 2021(2.5%). Among the health problems by country, there were more data on substance use: 8/10, and tuberculosis, 7/10 countries. Cardiovascular diseases had the least available data. Regarding COVID-19, during the first wave in Peru, 54% of the total PPL were infected, and by the end of the wave, 446 PDL and 46 members of the prison staff had died. In Colombia, between April and October 2020, there were 16,804 cases (80 in ICU) and 136 deaths. In Brazil, up to March 2021, 340 people had died, and there were over 67,000 infections. Conclusions: Overcrowding is an unresolved problem; tuberculosis and substance use are the most frequent issues. Data are limited in quality, homogeneity and availability. Greater effort is needed from health authorities to improve health management and information systematization. Source: MesH.
{"title":"Health in Persons Deprived of Their Liberty in South America: A Painful Reflection of Our Public Health","authors":"Franco Ernesto León-Jiménez","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4171","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To describe sociodemographic characteristics and health-related data in persons deprived of liberty (PDL) from South America in the last five years. Methods: Documentary descriptive study. Results: There are 1.5 million PDL in Latin America and the Caribbean; the average overcrowding is 64%; 58% do not sleep in beds, 20% do not have access to clean water and 29% do not receive medical care. In Peru, during 2021, there were 87,245 PDL and 69 penal institutions. The national average overcrowding is 120%, the second-highest in South America. In South America, the prevalence of tuberculosis is 2.0% SD = 0.64 and the median of illegal substances prevalence is 34.6 (IQR = 7.5–41.4). In Peru, the prevalence of tuberculosis has decreased since 2016 (4.3%), 2018(3.5%), and 2021(2.5%). Among the health problems by country, there were more data on substance use: 8/10, and tuberculosis, 7/10 countries. Cardiovascular diseases had the least available data. Regarding COVID-19, during the first wave in Peru, 54% of the total PPL were infected, and by the end of the wave, 446 PDL and 46 members of the prison staff had died. In Colombia, between April and October 2020, there were 16,804 cases (80 in ICU) and 136 deaths. In Brazil, up to March 2021, 340 people had died, and there were over 67,000 infections. Conclusions: Overcrowding is an unresolved problem; tuberculosis and substance use are the most frequent issues. Data are limited in quality, homogeneity and availability. Greater effort is needed from health authorities to improve health management and information systematization. Source: MesH.","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Watermeyer, Michelle Botha, H. Lourens, X. Hunt
People with visual impairment face significant material challenges to access and inclusion in South Africa. These are in large part rooted in and supported by prejudiced assumptions about the needs, nature and capabilities of this group. The cultural and psychological face of oppression needs to be attended to. To this end, this viewpoint brings together the work of three visually impaired scholars in three key areas pertaining to the promotion of the inclusion and citizenship of visually impaired persons in South Africa. These areas are education; rehabilitation; and social inclusion and visibility. This work argues that undoing lifelong exclusion requires examining how disablism is embedded in the very fabric of our societies and operational at various levels: material, administrative, cultural and relational.
{"title":"Visual Impairment, Inclusion and Citizenship in South Africa","authors":"B. Watermeyer, Michelle Botha, H. Lourens, X. Hunt","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4245","url":null,"abstract":"People with visual impairment face significant material challenges to access and inclusion in South Africa. These are in large part rooted in and supported by prejudiced assumptions about the needs, nature and capabilities of this group. The cultural and psychological face of oppression needs to be attended to. To this end, this viewpoint brings together the work of three visually impaired scholars in three key areas pertaining to the promotion of the inclusion and citizenship of visually impaired persons in South Africa. These areas are education; rehabilitation; and social inclusion and visibility. This work argues that undoing lifelong exclusion requires examining how disablism is embedded in the very fabric of our societies and operational at various levels: material, administrative, cultural and relational.","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140740647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heike Geduld, Marion Sinclair, E. Steyn, Kathryn Chu
1.3 million people die each year as a result of Road traffic crashes. Road Traffic Injuries are a global health crisis with 90% of global deaths affecting LMICs. Sustainable Development Goal 3.6 focuses on reducing road injury and death. The global plan is based on the Safe Systems approach. In South Africa, the burden of crashes on the health system and society is particularly high with a population death rate of 20.7 per 100 000 population. Understanding local context and culture is critical. Rurality, distorted urban planning, higher travel exposure and alcohol usage disproportionately impact racial and ethnic minorities. Pedestrian safety is a key priority. There is a critical need for the global health community to take an active role in advocacy in order to achieve SDG 3.6 by 2030.
{"title":"Road Traffic Injuries in South Africa: A Complex Global Health Crisis","authors":"Heike Geduld, Marion Sinclair, E. Steyn, Kathryn Chu","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4249","url":null,"abstract":"1.3 million people die each year as a result of Road traffic crashes. Road Traffic Injuries are a global health crisis with 90% of global deaths affecting LMICs. Sustainable Development Goal 3.6 focuses on reducing road injury and death. The global plan is based on the Safe Systems approach. In South Africa, the burden of crashes on the health system and society is particularly high with a population death rate of 20.7 per 100 000 population. Understanding local context and culture is critical. Rurality, distorted urban planning, higher travel exposure and alcohol usage disproportionately impact racial and ethnic minorities. Pedestrian safety is a key priority. There is a critical need for the global health community to take an active role in advocacy in order to achieve SDG 3.6 by 2030.","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140738280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. J. Muganzi, Catherine Misango Namara, T. M. Kintu, Linda Atulinda, Raymond Bernard Kihumuro, B. Ahaisibwe, Victor M. Montori
Patient-centered care (PCC) is a key domain of healthcare quality. Its importance is driven by evidence-based medicine, the predominance of chronic conditions requiring self-care, and the recognition of the priority of patient goals, values, priorities, and preferences in determining care plans. This article emphasizes the urgent need for Africa to develop PCC and a workforce committed to its implementation, as well as highlights an initiative by African medical students to champion PCC continent-wide. Embracing this transformative approach presents Africa with an unprecedented opportunity to improve care for each person. Through a comprehensive exploration of unique strategies and considerations in African health professions education, this viewpoint seeks to spark dialogue and inspire action towards a future where patient-centered care is the foundation of healthcare delivery in Africa.
{"title":"Paving the Path to Patient-Centered Healthcare in Africa: Insights From a Student Led Initiative","authors":"D. J. Muganzi, Catherine Misango Namara, T. M. Kintu, Linda Atulinda, Raymond Bernard Kihumuro, B. Ahaisibwe, Victor M. Montori","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4250","url":null,"abstract":"Patient-centered care (PCC) is a key domain of healthcare quality. Its importance is driven by evidence-based medicine, the predominance of chronic conditions requiring self-care, and the recognition of the priority of patient goals, values, priorities, and preferences in determining care plans. This article emphasizes the urgent need for Africa to develop PCC and a workforce committed to its implementation, as well as highlights an initiative by African medical students to champion PCC continent-wide. Embracing this transformative approach presents Africa with an unprecedented opportunity to improve care for each person. Through a comprehensive exploration of unique strategies and considerations in African health professions education, this viewpoint seeks to spark dialogue and inspire action towards a future where patient-centered care is the foundation of healthcare delivery in Africa.","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140738427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Segala, Roberta Novara, G. Panico, Renato Laforgia, Lucia Raho, Marcella Schiavone, Giovanni Civile, Nicole Laforgia, Stefano Di Gregorio, Giacomo Guido, Mariangela Cormio, Angelo Dargenio, Roberta Papagni, Angelo L’Erario, Luca L’Erario, Valentina Totaro, Vitor J Spada, Lauriana Valentini, Luisa Frallonardo, Rossana Lattanzio, Carmine Falanga, Giovanni Putoto, Annalisa Saracino, F. Di Gennaro
Background: In Europe and Italy, marginalized communities have a higher risk for both contracting sexually transmitted infections (STI) and progressing towards adverse outcomes. Objectives: This study focuses on the screening of HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis among homeless individuals and agricultural migrant workers living in Apulia, Italy. It aims to assess STI prevalence and investigate factors that might hinder return to collect test results. In addition, it explores STI knowledge, attitudes, and practices among these vulnerable populations. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 1, 2022, to September 30, 2023. Participants were recruited from community health centers and migrant camps. Blood tests for HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis were performed, and Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) survey were conducted via face-to-face interviews. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were used to assess factors influencing the return for test results. Results: A total of 149 persons were recruited, including 64 agricultural migrant workers and 85 homeless people. Overall, 24.8% (n = 37) tested positive for at least one infection, and only 50.3% (n = 75) of the screened participants returned to collect their test results. Significant disparities in STI knowledge and healthcare access were observed between the two populations, with only 14.1% (n = 9) of migrants having access to primary healthcare. At multivariable analysis, the strongest predictor for not returning for test results was being positive for HCV. Conclusions: Among homeless people and agricultural migrant workers, STI prevalence was high, and only half of the population returned to collect test results. The study underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions and policy reevaluation to address healthcare disparities in marginalized communities.
{"title":"Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Predictors for Loss to Follow Up among Marginalized Homeless and Migrant Communities: a Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"F. Segala, Roberta Novara, G. Panico, Renato Laforgia, Lucia Raho, Marcella Schiavone, Giovanni Civile, Nicole Laforgia, Stefano Di Gregorio, Giacomo Guido, Mariangela Cormio, Angelo Dargenio, Roberta Papagni, Angelo L’Erario, Luca L’Erario, Valentina Totaro, Vitor J Spada, Lauriana Valentini, Luisa Frallonardo, Rossana Lattanzio, Carmine Falanga, Giovanni Putoto, Annalisa Saracino, F. Di Gennaro","doi":"10.5334/aogh.4388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4388","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Europe and Italy, marginalized communities have a higher risk for both contracting sexually transmitted infections (STI) and progressing towards adverse outcomes. Objectives: This study focuses on the screening of HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis among homeless individuals and agricultural migrant workers living in Apulia, Italy. It aims to assess STI prevalence and investigate factors that might hinder return to collect test results. In addition, it explores STI knowledge, attitudes, and practices among these vulnerable populations. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 1, 2022, to September 30, 2023. Participants were recruited from community health centers and migrant camps. Blood tests for HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis were performed, and Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) survey were conducted via face-to-face interviews. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were used to assess factors influencing the return for test results. Results: A total of 149 persons were recruited, including 64 agricultural migrant workers and 85 homeless people. Overall, 24.8% (n = 37) tested positive for at least one infection, and only 50.3% (n = 75) of the screened participants returned to collect their test results. Significant disparities in STI knowledge and healthcare access were observed between the two populations, with only 14.1% (n = 9) of migrants having access to primary healthcare. At multivariable analysis, the strongest predictor for not returning for test results was being positive for HCV. Conclusions: Among homeless people and agricultural migrant workers, STI prevalence was high, and only half of the population returned to collect test results. The study underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions and policy reevaluation to address healthcare disparities in marginalized communities.","PeriodicalId":48857,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140774657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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