首页 > 最新文献

Symmetry-Basel最新文献

英文 中文
Studying Alumina–Water Nanofluid Two-Phase Heat Transfer in a Novel E-Shaped Porous Cavity via Introducing New Thermal Conductivity Correlation 引入新的导热系数关系式研究新型e型多孔腔中氧化铝-水纳米流体两相传热
3区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.3390/sym15112057
Taher Armaghani, Mojtaba Sepehrnia, Maysam Molana, Manasik M. Nour, Amir Safari
Investigating natural convection heat transfer of nanofluids in various geometries has garnered significant attention due to its potential applications across several disciplines. This study presents a numerical simulation of the natural convection heat transfer and entropy generation process in an E-shaped porous cavity filled with nanofluids, implementing Buongiorno’s simulation model. Analyzing the behavior of individual nanoparticles, or even the entire nanofluid system at the molecular level, can be extremely computationally intensive. Symmetry is a fundamental concept in science that can help reduce this computational burden considerably. In this study, nanofluids are frequently conceived of as a combination of water and Al2O3 nanoparticles at a concentration of up to 4% by volume. A unique correlation was proposed to model the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids. The average Nusselt number, entropy production, and Rayleigh number have been illustrated to exhibit a decreasing trend when the volume concentration of nanoparticles inside the porous cavity rises; the 4% vol. water–alumina NFs yield 17.35% less average Nu number compared to the base water.
由于纳米流体在多个学科领域的潜在应用,研究不同几何形状的纳米流体的自然对流传热已经引起了人们的极大关注。采用Buongiorno的模拟模型,对纳米流体填充的e型多孔腔内的自然对流换热和熵产过程进行了数值模拟。分析单个纳米颗粒的行为,甚至在分子水平上分析整个纳米流体系统,可能是非常密集的计算。对称是科学中的一个基本概念,可以帮助大大减少这种计算负担。在这项研究中,纳米流体通常被认为是水和Al2O3纳米颗粒的组合,其体积浓度高达4%。提出了一种独特的相关性来模拟纳米流体的有效导热系数。随着纳米颗粒体积浓度的升高,平均努塞尔数、熵产和瑞利数呈下降趋势;与碱性水相比,4%体积水-氧化铝NFs的平均Nu值降低了17.35%。
{"title":"Studying Alumina–Water Nanofluid Two-Phase Heat Transfer in a Novel E-Shaped Porous Cavity via Introducing New Thermal Conductivity Correlation","authors":"Taher Armaghani, Mojtaba Sepehrnia, Maysam Molana, Manasik M. Nour, Amir Safari","doi":"10.3390/sym15112057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15112057","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating natural convection heat transfer of nanofluids in various geometries has garnered significant attention due to its potential applications across several disciplines. This study presents a numerical simulation of the natural convection heat transfer and entropy generation process in an E-shaped porous cavity filled with nanofluids, implementing Buongiorno’s simulation model. Analyzing the behavior of individual nanoparticles, or even the entire nanofluid system at the molecular level, can be extremely computationally intensive. Symmetry is a fundamental concept in science that can help reduce this computational burden considerably. In this study, nanofluids are frequently conceived of as a combination of water and Al2O3 nanoparticles at a concentration of up to 4% by volume. A unique correlation was proposed to model the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids. The average Nusselt number, entropy production, and Rayleigh number have been illustrated to exhibit a decreasing trend when the volume concentration of nanoparticles inside the porous cavity rises; the 4% vol. water–alumina NFs yield 17.35% less average Nu number compared to the base water.","PeriodicalId":48874,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry-Basel","volume":"138 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis on the Effect of Phase Noise on the Performance of Satellite Communication and Measurement System 相位噪声对卫星通信测量系统性能的影响分析
3区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-12 DOI: 10.3390/sym15112053
Xuan Liu, Hongmin Lu, Yifeng He, Fulin Wu, Chengxi Zhang, Xiaoliang Wang
An oscillator is a key component of a satellite communication measurement and control system, performing symmetry precisely as a time frequency reference. At the same time, the phase noise index has a close coupling relationship with the overall performance of the entire system, while persistently breaking the symmetry property of the oscillator during work. It is very important to study and reasonably allocate the phase noise index. According to the theoretical formula of phase noise, this paper analyzes the power law spectral model in the frequency domain and the noise jitter characteristics in the time domain. Using the carrier tracking loop in the measurement system, the frequency domain transfer model of phase noise is established, and typical analysis results are given. A discrete fractional integration algorithm is proposed, which can generate the phase noise time domain sequence under the given power law spectral model coefficients. The proposed algorithm is more realistic compared with the previous numerical calculation method, and has sufficient accuracy compared with the results of the instrument. After frequency domain conversion, the RMS deviation between the simulated noise sequence in the frequency domain and the measured single sideband power spectral density is less than 2.5 dB, indicating that the phase noise sequence can reflect the frequency domain characteristics more completely. A communication measurement simulation system is built, and a discrete sequence simulation analysis method combining frequency domain and time domain is provided, and the coupling relationship of key indicators such as phase noise, thermal noise, communication data rate, modulation method and bit error rate is synthesized. The results show that the BER of the QPSK/BPSK communication system will not be significantly reduced if the phase jitter RMS caused by the phase noise is less than 5 degrees, so 5 degrees can be used as a reference for the decomposition of the carrier SSB phase noise index. The simulation results have been successfully applied to a satellite inter-satellite link system, which has universal practical application value.
振荡器是卫星通信测控系统的关键部件,作为时间频率参考精确地执行对称性。同时,相位噪声指数与整个系统的整体性能有着密切的耦合关系,同时在工作过程中不断破坏振荡器的对称性。研究和合理分配相位噪声指标具有十分重要的意义。根据相位噪声的理论公式,分析了频域的幂律谱模型和时域的噪声抖动特性。在测量系统中引入载波跟踪环,建立了相位噪声的频域传递模型,并给出了典型的分析结果。提出了一种离散分数阶积分算法,在给定的幂律谱模型系数下生成相位噪声时域序列。与以往的数值计算方法相比,该算法更符合实际,与仪器测量结果相比,具有足够的精度。经频域转换后,仿真噪声序列在频域内与实测单边带功率谱密度的均方根偏差小于2.5 dB,说明相位噪声序列能更完整地反映频域特性。构建了通信测量仿真系统,提供了频域与时域相结合的离散序列仿真分析方法,综合了相位噪声、热噪声、通信数据率、调制方式、误码率等关键指标的耦合关系。结果表明,当相位噪声引起的相位抖动RMS小于5度时,QPSK/BPSK通信系统的误码率不会明显降低,因此5度可以作为分解载波SSB相位噪声指标的参考。仿真结果已成功应用于卫星间链路系统,具有普遍的实际应用价值。
{"title":"Analysis on the Effect of Phase Noise on the Performance of Satellite Communication and Measurement System","authors":"Xuan Liu, Hongmin Lu, Yifeng He, Fulin Wu, Chengxi Zhang, Xiaoliang Wang","doi":"10.3390/sym15112053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15112053","url":null,"abstract":"An oscillator is a key component of a satellite communication measurement and control system, performing symmetry precisely as a time frequency reference. At the same time, the phase noise index has a close coupling relationship with the overall performance of the entire system, while persistently breaking the symmetry property of the oscillator during work. It is very important to study and reasonably allocate the phase noise index. According to the theoretical formula of phase noise, this paper analyzes the power law spectral model in the frequency domain and the noise jitter characteristics in the time domain. Using the carrier tracking loop in the measurement system, the frequency domain transfer model of phase noise is established, and typical analysis results are given. A discrete fractional integration algorithm is proposed, which can generate the phase noise time domain sequence under the given power law spectral model coefficients. The proposed algorithm is more realistic compared with the previous numerical calculation method, and has sufficient accuracy compared with the results of the instrument. After frequency domain conversion, the RMS deviation between the simulated noise sequence in the frequency domain and the measured single sideband power spectral density is less than 2.5 dB, indicating that the phase noise sequence can reflect the frequency domain characteristics more completely. A communication measurement simulation system is built, and a discrete sequence simulation analysis method combining frequency domain and time domain is provided, and the coupling relationship of key indicators such as phase noise, thermal noise, communication data rate, modulation method and bit error rate is synthesized. The results show that the BER of the QPSK/BPSK communication system will not be significantly reduced if the phase jitter RMS caused by the phase noise is less than 5 degrees, so 5 degrees can be used as a reference for the decomposition of the carrier SSB phase noise index. The simulation results have been successfully applied to a satellite inter-satellite link system, which has universal practical application value.","PeriodicalId":48874,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry-Basel","volume":"8 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135036811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Origin of Giant Rashba Effect in Graphene on Pt/SiC Pt/SiC上石墨烯中巨大拉什巴效应的起源
3区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-12 DOI: 10.3390/sym15112052
Anna A. Rybkina, Alevtina A. Gogina, Artem V. Tarasov, Ye Xin, Vladimir Yu. Voroshnin, Dmitrii A. Pudikov, Ilya I. Klimovskikh, Anatoly E. Petukhov, Kirill A. Bokai, Chengxun Yuan, Zhongxiang Zhou, Alexander M. Shikin, Artem G. Rybkin
Intercalation of noble metals can produce giant Rashba-type spin–orbit splittings in graphene. The spin–orbit splitting of more than 100 meV has yet to be achieved in graphene on metal or semiconductor substrates. Here, we report the p-type graphene obtained by Pt intercalation of zero-layer graphene on SiC substrate. The spin splitting of ∼200 meV was observed at a wide range of binding energies. Comparing the results of theoretical studies of different models with the experimental ones measured by spin-ARPES, XPS and STM methods, we concluded that inducing giant spin–orbit splitting requires not only a relatively close distance between graphene and Pt layer but also the presence of graphene corrugation caused by a non-flat Pt layer. This makes it possible to find a compromise between strong hybridization and increased spin–orbit interaction. In our case, the Pt submonolayer possesses nanometer-scale lateral ordering under graphene.
嵌入贵金属可以在石墨烯中产生巨大的rashba型自旋轨道分裂。超过100 meV的自旋轨道分裂在金属或半导体基底上的石墨烯中尚未实现。本文报道了在SiC衬底上Pt嵌入零层石墨烯获得的p型石墨烯。在较宽的结合能范围内观察到~ 200 meV的自旋分裂。将不同模型的理论研究结果与自旋- arpes、XPS和STM方法测量的实验结果进行比较,我们得出结论,诱导巨大的自旋-轨道分裂不仅需要石墨烯与Pt层之间相对较近的距离,还需要由非平坦Pt层引起的石墨烯波纹的存在。这使得在强杂化和增加的自旋轨道相互作用之间找到一个折衷方案成为可能。在我们的研究中,铂亚单层在石墨烯下具有纳米级的横向有序。
{"title":"Origin of Giant Rashba Effect in Graphene on Pt/SiC","authors":"Anna A. Rybkina, Alevtina A. Gogina, Artem V. Tarasov, Ye Xin, Vladimir Yu. Voroshnin, Dmitrii A. Pudikov, Ilya I. Klimovskikh, Anatoly E. Petukhov, Kirill A. Bokai, Chengxun Yuan, Zhongxiang Zhou, Alexander M. Shikin, Artem G. Rybkin","doi":"10.3390/sym15112052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15112052","url":null,"abstract":"Intercalation of noble metals can produce giant Rashba-type spin–orbit splittings in graphene. The spin–orbit splitting of more than 100 meV has yet to be achieved in graphene on metal or semiconductor substrates. Here, we report the p-type graphene obtained by Pt intercalation of zero-layer graphene on SiC substrate. The spin splitting of ∼200 meV was observed at a wide range of binding energies. Comparing the results of theoretical studies of different models with the experimental ones measured by spin-ARPES, XPS and STM methods, we concluded that inducing giant spin–orbit splitting requires not only a relatively close distance between graphene and Pt layer but also the presence of graphene corrugation caused by a non-flat Pt layer. This makes it possible to find a compromise between strong hybridization and increased spin–orbit interaction. In our case, the Pt submonolayer possesses nanometer-scale lateral ordering under graphene.","PeriodicalId":48874,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry-Basel","volume":"13 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Method for Calculating the Sign and Degree of Chirality of Supercoiled Protein Structures 一种计算超卷曲蛋白质结构手性符号和度的方法
3区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-12 DOI: 10.3390/sym15112051
Aleksey Lutsenko, Alla Sidorova, Denis Shpigun, Ekaterina Belova, Vsevolod Tverdislov
Chirality plays an important role in studies of natural protein structures. Therefore, much attention is paid to solving the problems associated with the development of criteria and methods for assessing the chirality of biomolecules. In this paper, a new method for calculating the sign and degree of chirality of superhelices is proposed. The method makes it possible to characterize the chirality sign and to quantify coiled-coils and collagen superhelices. The degree of chirality is understood as a value indicating the intensity of twisting of individual helices around the axis of the superhelix. The calculation requires information about the relative spatial arrangement of the alpha carbon of the amino acid residues of the helices that make up the superhelix. The use of a small amount of raw data makes the method easy to apply, and the validity of the results of this study is confirmed through the analysis of real protein structures.
手性在天然蛋白质结构的研究中起着重要作用。因此,解决与生物分子手性评价标准和方法的发展相关的问题成为人们关注的焦点。本文提出了一种计算超螺旋的符号和手性度的新方法。该方法可以表征手性符号,并量化卷曲线圈和胶原超螺旋。手性的程度被理解为一个值,表示在超螺旋轴周围的单个螺旋的扭曲强度。计算需要关于组成超螺旋的氨基酸残基的α碳的相对空间排列的信息。少量原始数据的使用使得该方法易于应用,并且通过对真实蛋白质结构的分析证实了本研究结果的有效性。
{"title":"A Method for Calculating the Sign and Degree of Chirality of Supercoiled Protein Structures","authors":"Aleksey Lutsenko, Alla Sidorova, Denis Shpigun, Ekaterina Belova, Vsevolod Tverdislov","doi":"10.3390/sym15112051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15112051","url":null,"abstract":"Chirality plays an important role in studies of natural protein structures. Therefore, much attention is paid to solving the problems associated with the development of criteria and methods for assessing the chirality of biomolecules. In this paper, a new method for calculating the sign and degree of chirality of superhelices is proposed. The method makes it possible to characterize the chirality sign and to quantify coiled-coils and collagen superhelices. The degree of chirality is understood as a value indicating the intensity of twisting of individual helices around the axis of the superhelix. The calculation requires information about the relative spatial arrangement of the alpha carbon of the amino acid residues of the helices that make up the superhelix. The use of a small amount of raw data makes the method easy to apply, and the validity of the results of this study is confirmed through the analysis of real protein structures.","PeriodicalId":48874,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry-Basel","volume":"7 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135036678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Asymmetric Ensemble Method for Determining the Importance of Individual Factors of a Univariate Problem 确定单变量问题中单个因素重要性的非对称集成方法
3区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-11 DOI: 10.3390/sym15112050
Jelena Mišić, Aleksandar Kemiveš, Milan Ranđelović, Dragan Ranđelović
This study proposes an innovative model that determines the importance of selected factors of a univariate problem. The proposed model has been developed based on the example of determining the impact of non-medical factors on the quality of inpatient treatment, but it is generally applicable to any process of binary classification. In addition, an ensemble stacking model that involves the asymmetric use of two different well-known algorithms is proposed to determine the importance of individual factors. This model is constructed so that the standard logistic regression is first applied as mandatory. Further, the classification algorithms are implemented if the defined conditions are met. Finally, feature selection algorithms, which belong to the optimization group of algorithms, are applied as a combinatorial algorithm. The proposed model is verified through a case study conducted using real data obtained from health institutions in the region connected to the city of Nis, Republic of Serbia. The obtained results show that the proposed model can achieve better results than each of the methods included in it and surpasses several state-of-the-art ensemble algorithms in the field of machine learning. The proposed solution has been implemented in the form of a modern mobile application.
本研究提出了一个创新的模型来确定一个单变量问题的选定因素的重要性。本文提出的模型以确定非医疗因素对住院治疗质量的影响为例,但一般适用于任何二元分类过程。此外,提出了一个集成叠加模型,该模型涉及不对称地使用两种不同的知名算法来确定单个因素的重要性。该模型的构造使得标准逻辑回归首先被强制应用。此外,如果满足定义的条件,则实现分类算法。最后,将特征选择算法作为一种组合算法应用到优化算法中。通过使用从与塞尔维亚共和国尼什市相连的区域的卫生机构获得的真实数据进行的案例研究,对拟议的模型进行了验证。结果表明,该模型比其中的每一种方法都能获得更好的结果,并且超越了机器学习领域中几种最先进的集成算法。所提出的解决方案已以现代移动应用程序的形式实现。
{"title":"An Asymmetric Ensemble Method for Determining the Importance of Individual Factors of a Univariate Problem","authors":"Jelena Mišić, Aleksandar Kemiveš, Milan Ranđelović, Dragan Ranđelović","doi":"10.3390/sym15112050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15112050","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes an innovative model that determines the importance of selected factors of a univariate problem. The proposed model has been developed based on the example of determining the impact of non-medical factors on the quality of inpatient treatment, but it is generally applicable to any process of binary classification. In addition, an ensemble stacking model that involves the asymmetric use of two different well-known algorithms is proposed to determine the importance of individual factors. This model is constructed so that the standard logistic regression is first applied as mandatory. Further, the classification algorithms are implemented if the defined conditions are met. Finally, feature selection algorithms, which belong to the optimization group of algorithms, are applied as a combinatorial algorithm. The proposed model is verified through a case study conducted using real data obtained from health institutions in the region connected to the city of Nis, Republic of Serbia. The obtained results show that the proposed model can achieve better results than each of the methods included in it and surpasses several state-of-the-art ensemble algorithms in the field of machine learning. The proposed solution has been implemented in the form of a modern mobile application.","PeriodicalId":48874,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry-Basel","volume":"25 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135087296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Novel Path Planning Approach for Mobile Robot in Radioactive Environment Based on Improved Deep Q Network Algorithm 基于改进深度Q网络算法的放射性环境下移动机器人路径规划新方法
3区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-11 DOI: 10.3390/sym15112048
Zhiqiang Wu, Yebo Yin , Jie Liu, De Zhang, Jie Chen, Wei Jiang
The path planning problem of nuclear environment robots refers to finding a collision-free path under the constraints of path length and an accumulated radiation dose. To solve this problem, the Improved Dueling Deep Double Q Network algorithm (ID3QN) based on asymmetric neural network structure was proposed. To address the issues of overestimation and low sample utilization in the traditional Deep Q Network (DQN) algorithm, we optimized the neural network structure and used the double network to estimate action values. We also improved the action selection mechanism, adopted a priority experience replay mechanism, and redesigned the reward function. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, we designed simple and complex radioactive grid environments for comparison. We compared the ID3QN algorithm with traditional algorithms and some deep reinforcement learning algorithms. The simulation results indicate that in the simple radioactive grid environment, the ID3QN algorithm outperforms traditional algorithms such as A*, GA, and ACO in terms of path length and accumulated radiation dosage. Compared to other deep reinforcement learning algorithms, including DQN and some improved DQN algorithms, the ID3QN algorithm reduced the path length by 15.6%, decreased the accumulated radiation dose by 23.5%, and converged approximately 2300 episodes faster. In the complex radioactive grid environment, the ID3QN algorithm also outperformed the A*, GA, ACO, and other deep reinforcement learning algorithms in terms of path length and an accumulated radiation dose. Furthermore, the ID3QN algorithm can plan an obstacle-free optimal path with a low radiation dose even in complex environments. These results demonstrate that the ID3QN algorithm is an effective approach for solving robot path planning problems in nuclear environments, thereby enhancing the safety and reliability of robots in such environments.
核环境机器人的路径规划问题是指在路径长度和累积辐射剂量的约束下,寻找一条无碰撞的路径。为了解决这一问题,提出了基于非对称神经网络结构的改进Dueling Deep双Q Network算法(ID3QN)。针对传统Deep Q Network (DQN)算法中存在的预估过高和样本利用率低的问题,优化了神经网络结构,采用双网络对动作值进行预估。我们还改进了行动选择机制,采用了优先体验重放机制,并重新设计了奖励功能。为了评估该算法的效率,我们设计了简单和复杂的放射性网格环境进行比较。我们将ID3QN算法与传统算法和一些深度强化学习算法进行了比较。仿真结果表明,在简单的放射性网格环境下,ID3QN算法在路径长度和累积辐射剂量方面优于传统算法A*、GA和ACO。与其他深度强化学习算法(包括DQN和一些改进的DQN算法)相比,ID3QN算法的路径长度缩短了15.6%,累积辐射剂量减少了23.5%,收敛速度约为2300集。在复杂的放射性网格环境下,ID3QN算法在路径长度和累积辐射剂量方面也优于A*、GA、ACO等深度强化学习算法。此外,即使在复杂的环境中,ID3QN算法也可以规划出低辐射剂量的无障碍最优路径。这些结果表明,ID3QN算法是解决核环境中机器人路径规划问题的有效方法,从而提高了机器人在核环境中的安全性和可靠性。
{"title":"A Novel Path Planning Approach for Mobile Robot in Radioactive Environment Based on Improved Deep Q Network Algorithm","authors":"Zhiqiang Wu, Yebo Yin , Jie Liu, De Zhang, Jie Chen, Wei Jiang","doi":"10.3390/sym15112048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15112048","url":null,"abstract":"The path planning problem of nuclear environment robots refers to finding a collision-free path under the constraints of path length and an accumulated radiation dose. To solve this problem, the Improved Dueling Deep Double Q Network algorithm (ID3QN) based on asymmetric neural network structure was proposed. To address the issues of overestimation and low sample utilization in the traditional Deep Q Network (DQN) algorithm, we optimized the neural network structure and used the double network to estimate action values. We also improved the action selection mechanism, adopted a priority experience replay mechanism, and redesigned the reward function. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, we designed simple and complex radioactive grid environments for comparison. We compared the ID3QN algorithm with traditional algorithms and some deep reinforcement learning algorithms. The simulation results indicate that in the simple radioactive grid environment, the ID3QN algorithm outperforms traditional algorithms such as A*, GA, and ACO in terms of path length and accumulated radiation dosage. Compared to other deep reinforcement learning algorithms, including DQN and some improved DQN algorithms, the ID3QN algorithm reduced the path length by 15.6%, decreased the accumulated radiation dose by 23.5%, and converged approximately 2300 episodes faster. In the complex radioactive grid environment, the ID3QN algorithm also outperformed the A*, GA, ACO, and other deep reinforcement learning algorithms in terms of path length and an accumulated radiation dose. Furthermore, the ID3QN algorithm can plan an obstacle-free optimal path with a low radiation dose even in complex environments. These results demonstrate that the ID3QN algorithm is an effective approach for solving robot path planning problems in nuclear environments, thereby enhancing the safety and reliability of robots in such environments.","PeriodicalId":48874,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry-Basel","volume":"33 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135086744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Controller Design and Stability Analysis for a Class of Leader-Type Stochastic Nonlinear Systems 一类先导型随机非线性系统的控制器设计与稳定性分析
3区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-11 DOI: 10.3390/sym15112049
Haiying Zhang
In this paper, the non-scaling backstepping approach is used to examine the controller design process and stability analysis of a class of leader-type stochastic nonlinear systems. By utilizing the non-scaling backstepping design method and Lyapunov method, the controller of the leader-type stochastic nonlinear system is derived. Different from the previous literature on controller design, we develop a more computationally efficient way for designing controllers because the scaling function in the coordinate transformation is not included. Meanwhile, the prescribed-time mean-square stabilization on the equilibrium and two important estimates are derived by combining the Lyapunov method with the matrix norm. Compared to the finite-time stabilization in other studies, the prescribed-time stabilization can determine the convergence time without relying on the initial value and has more real-world applicability. To illustrate the effectiveness of the controller derived in this paper, numerical examples are provided finally.
本文采用非标度反演方法研究了一类先导型随机非线性系统的控制器设计过程和稳定性分析。利用无标度反步设计方法和李雅普诺夫方法,推导了导型随机非线性系统的控制器。与以往关于控制器设计的文献不同,我们开发了一种计算效率更高的控制器设计方法,因为不包括坐标变换中的缩放函数。同时,将李雅普诺夫方法与矩阵范数相结合,导出了平衡点的规定时间均方镇定性和两个重要估计。与其他研究的有限时间镇定相比,规定时间镇定可以不依赖于初始值来确定收敛时间,具有更强的现实适用性。最后给出了数值算例来说明本文所推导的控制器的有效性。
{"title":"Controller Design and Stability Analysis for a Class of Leader-Type Stochastic Nonlinear Systems","authors":"Haiying Zhang","doi":"10.3390/sym15112049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15112049","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the non-scaling backstepping approach is used to examine the controller design process and stability analysis of a class of leader-type stochastic nonlinear systems. By utilizing the non-scaling backstepping design method and Lyapunov method, the controller of the leader-type stochastic nonlinear system is derived. Different from the previous literature on controller design, we develop a more computationally efficient way for designing controllers because the scaling function in the coordinate transformation is not included. Meanwhile, the prescribed-time mean-square stabilization on the equilibrium and two important estimates are derived by combining the Lyapunov method with the matrix norm. Compared to the finite-time stabilization in other studies, the prescribed-time stabilization can determine the convergence time without relying on the initial value and has more real-world applicability. To illustrate the effectiveness of the controller derived in this paper, numerical examples are provided finally.","PeriodicalId":48874,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry-Basel","volume":"33 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135086745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Eigenproblem Basics and Algorithms 特征问题基础与算法
3区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.3390/sym15112046
Lorentz Jäntschi
Some might say that the eigenproblem is one of the examples people discovered by looking at the sky and wondering. Even though it was formulated to explain the movement of the planets, today it has become the ansatz of solving many linear and nonlinear problems. Formulation in the terms of the eigenproblem is one of the key tools to solve complex problems, especially in the area of molecular geometry. However, the basic concept is difficult without proper preparation. A review paper covering basic concepts and algorithms is very useful. This review covers the basics of the topic. Definitions are provided for defective, Hermitian, Hessenberg, modal, singular, spectral, symmetric, skew-symmetric, skew-Hermitian, triangular, and Wishart matrices. Then, concepts of characteristic polynomial, eigendecomposition, eigenpair, eigenproblem, eigenspace, eigenvalue, and eigenvector are subsequently introduced. Faddeev–LeVerrier, von Mises, Gauss–Jordan, Pohlhausen, Lanczos–Arnoldi, Rayleigh–Ritz, Jacobi–Davidson, and Gauss–Seidel fundamental algorithms are given, while others (Francis–Kublanovskaya, Gram–Schmidt, Householder, Givens, Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno, Davidon–Fletcher–Powell, and Saad–Schultz) are merely discussed. The eigenproblem has thus found its use in many topics. The applications discussed include solving Bessel’s, Helmholtz’s, Laplace’s, Legendre’s, Poisson’s, and Schrödinger’s equations. The algorithm extracting the first principal component is also provided.
有些人可能会说,特征问题是人们通过观察天空和思考而发现的例子之一。尽管它是用来解释行星运动的,但今天它已经成为解决许多线性和非线性问题的工具。特征问题的表述是解决复杂问题的关键工具之一,特别是在分子几何领域。然而,如果没有适当的准备,基本概念是困难的。一篇涵盖基本概念和算法的综述论文是非常有用的。这篇综述涵盖了这个主题的基础知识。给出了缺陷矩阵、厄米矩阵、海森伯格矩阵、模态矩阵、奇异矩阵、谱矩阵、对称矩阵、偏对称矩阵、偏厄米矩阵、三角形矩阵和Wishart矩阵的定义。接着介绍了特征多项式、特征分解、特征对、特征问题、特征空间、特征值、特征向量等概念。给出了Faddeev-LeVerrier、von Mises、Gauss-Jordan、Pohlhausen、Lanczos-Arnoldi、rayley - ritz、Jacobi-Davidson和Gauss-Seidel基本算法,而其他基本算法(Francis-Kublanovskaya、Gram-Schmidt、Householder、Givens、Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno、Davidon-Fletcher-Powell和Saad-Schultz)仅进行了讨论。因此,特征问题在许多主题中都得到了应用。讨论的应用包括求解贝塞尔方程、亥姆霍兹方程、拉普拉斯方程、勒让德方程、泊松方程和Schrödinger方程。给出了第一主成分的提取算法。
{"title":"Eigenproblem Basics and Algorithms","authors":"Lorentz Jäntschi","doi":"10.3390/sym15112046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15112046","url":null,"abstract":"Some might say that the eigenproblem is one of the examples people discovered by looking at the sky and wondering. Even though it was formulated to explain the movement of the planets, today it has become the ansatz of solving many linear and nonlinear problems. Formulation in the terms of the eigenproblem is one of the key tools to solve complex problems, especially in the area of molecular geometry. However, the basic concept is difficult without proper preparation. A review paper covering basic concepts and algorithms is very useful. This review covers the basics of the topic. Definitions are provided for defective, Hermitian, Hessenberg, modal, singular, spectral, symmetric, skew-symmetric, skew-Hermitian, triangular, and Wishart matrices. Then, concepts of characteristic polynomial, eigendecomposition, eigenpair, eigenproblem, eigenspace, eigenvalue, and eigenvector are subsequently introduced. Faddeev–LeVerrier, von Mises, Gauss–Jordan, Pohlhausen, Lanczos–Arnoldi, Rayleigh–Ritz, Jacobi–Davidson, and Gauss–Seidel fundamental algorithms are given, while others (Francis–Kublanovskaya, Gram–Schmidt, Householder, Givens, Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno, Davidon–Fletcher–Powell, and Saad–Schultz) are merely discussed. The eigenproblem has thus found its use in many topics. The applications discussed include solving Bessel’s, Helmholtz’s, Laplace’s, Legendre’s, Poisson’s, and Schrödinger’s equations. The algorithm extracting the first principal component is also provided.","PeriodicalId":48874,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry-Basel","volume":" 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exiting Inflation with a Smooth Scale Factor 以平滑比例系数退出通货膨胀
3区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.3390/sym15112042
Harry Oslislo, Brett Altschul
The expectation that the physical expansion of space occurs smoothly may be expressed mathematically as a requirement for continuity in the time derivative of the metric scale factor of the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker cosmology. We explore the consequences of imposing such a smoothness requirement, examining the forms of possible interpolating functions between the end of inflation and subsequent radiation- or matter-dominated eras, using a straightforward geometric model of the interpolating behavior. We quantify the magnitude of the cusp found in a direct transition from the end of slow-roll inflation to the subsequent era, analyze the validity of several smooth interpolator candidates, and investigate equation-of-state and thermodynamic constraints. We find an order-of-magnitude increase in the size of the universe at the end of the transition to a single-component radiation or matter era. We also evaluate the interpolating functions in terms of the standard theory of preheating and determine the effect on the number of bosons produced.
对空间的物理膨胀顺利发生的期望,可以用数学方法表示为弗里德曼-罗伯逊-沃克宇宙学的度量尺度因子的时间导数的连续性要求。我们探讨了施加这样一个平滑要求的后果,使用插值行为的一个简单的几何模型,检查了暴胀结束和随后的辐射或物质主导时代之间可能的插值函数的形式。我们量化了从慢滚膨胀结束到后续时代的直接过渡中发现的尖点的大小,分析了几个光滑插值候选器的有效性,并研究了状态方程和热力学约束。我们发现,在过渡到单组分辐射或物质时代结束时,宇宙的大小增加了一个数量级。我们还根据标准的预热理论评估了插值函数,并确定了对产生的玻色子数量的影响。
{"title":"Exiting Inflation with a Smooth Scale Factor","authors":"Harry Oslislo, Brett Altschul","doi":"10.3390/sym15112042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15112042","url":null,"abstract":"The expectation that the physical expansion of space occurs smoothly may be expressed mathematically as a requirement for continuity in the time derivative of the metric scale factor of the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker cosmology. We explore the consequences of imposing such a smoothness requirement, examining the forms of possible interpolating functions between the end of inflation and subsequent radiation- or matter-dominated eras, using a straightforward geometric model of the interpolating behavior. We quantify the magnitude of the cusp found in a direct transition from the end of slow-roll inflation to the subsequent era, analyze the validity of several smooth interpolator candidates, and investigate equation-of-state and thermodynamic constraints. We find an order-of-magnitude increase in the size of the universe at the end of the transition to a single-component radiation or matter era. We also evaluate the interpolating functions in terms of the standard theory of preheating and determine the effect on the number of bosons produced.","PeriodicalId":48874,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry-Basel","volume":" 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Shape Preserving Class of Two-Frequency Trigonometric B-Spline Curves 一类双频三角b样条曲线的保形性
3区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.3390/sym15112041
Gudrun Albrecht, Esmeralda Mainar, Juan Manuel Peña, Beatriz Rubio
This paper proposes a new approach to define two frequency trigonometric spline curves with interesting shape preserving properties. This construction requires the normalized B-basis of the space U4(Iα)=span{1,cost,sint,cos2t,sin2t} defined on compact intervals Iα=[0,α], where α is a global shape parameter. It will be shown that the normalized B-basis can be regarded as the equivalent in the trigonometric space U4(Iα) to the Bernstein polynomial basis and shares its well-known symmetry properties. In fact, the normalized B-basis functions converge to the Bernstein polynomials as α→0. As a consequence, the convergence of the obtained piecewise trigonometric curves to uniform quartic B-Spline curves will be also shown. The proposed trigonometric spline curves can be used for CAM design, trajectory-generation, data fitting on the sphere and even to define new algebraic-trigonometric Pythagorean-Hodograph curves and their piecewise counterparts allowing the resolution of C(3 Hermite interpolation problems.
本文提出了一种定义具有有趣保形特性的两频三角样条曲线的新方法。这种构造需要空间U4(Iα)=span{1,cost,sint,cos2t,sin2t}的归一化b基,定义在紧区间Iα=[0,α]上,其中α是一个全局形状参数。将证明归一化的b基在三角空间U4(Iα)中可视为伯恩斯坦多项式基的等价,并具有其众所周知的对称性。事实上,当α→0时,归一化b基函数收敛于Bernstein多项式。因此,所得到的分段三角曲线收敛于一致的四次b样条曲线也将得到证明。所提出的三角样条曲线可用于凸轮设计、轨迹生成、球面上的数据拟合,甚至可以定义新的代数-三角毕达哥拉斯-霍图曲线及其分段对应曲线,从而解决C(3) Hermite插值问题。
{"title":"A Shape Preserving Class of Two-Frequency Trigonometric B-Spline Curves","authors":"Gudrun Albrecht, Esmeralda Mainar, Juan Manuel Peña, Beatriz Rubio","doi":"10.3390/sym15112041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15112041","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new approach to define two frequency trigonometric spline curves with interesting shape preserving properties. This construction requires the normalized B-basis of the space U4(Iα)=span{1,cost,sint,cos2t,sin2t} defined on compact intervals Iα=[0,α], where α is a global shape parameter. It will be shown that the normalized B-basis can be regarded as the equivalent in the trigonometric space U4(Iα) to the Bernstein polynomial basis and shares its well-known symmetry properties. In fact, the normalized B-basis functions converge to the Bernstein polynomials as α→0. As a consequence, the convergence of the obtained piecewise trigonometric curves to uniform quartic B-Spline curves will be also shown. The proposed trigonometric spline curves can be used for CAM design, trajectory-generation, data fitting on the sphere and even to define new algebraic-trigonometric Pythagorean-Hodograph curves and their piecewise counterparts allowing the resolution of C(3 Hermite interpolation problems.","PeriodicalId":48874,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry-Basel","volume":"102 27","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Symmetry-Basel
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1