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Distribution of number of observations required to obtain a cover for the support of a uniform distribution 为支持均匀分布而获得覆盖所需的观测数的分布
4区 数学 Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1080/07474946.2023.2242414
R. N. Rattihalli
AbstractFor a given positive number ‘δ′, we consider a sequence of δ− neighborhoods of the independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables, from a U(0,1) distribution, and “stop as soon as their union contains the interval (0,1).” We call such a union “a cover.” To find the distributions of N(δ), the stopping time random variable, we need the joint distribution of order statistics from a U(0,1) distribution. For each δ>0 and n=1,2,…, we obtain a general expression for P(N(δ)≤n), and for a fixed value of δ, it is the distribution function of N(δ). For a given n, let Δ(n) be the minimum value of δ, so that the union of the n δ− neighborhoods of the first n observations contains the interval (0,1). Because N(δ)≤n if and only if Δ(n)≤δ, the distributions of Δ(n) can be obtained by fixing n in the general expression for P(N(δ)≤n). To describe the impact of δ on the distribution of N(δ) and that of n on Δ(n), we sketch the graphs of distribution functions and the empirical distribution functions.Keywords: Neighborhoodstopping ruleuniform distributionSubject Classification: MSC 2020: 26B1562E15 ACKNOWLEDGMENTThanks to S. B. Patil and S. R. Rattihalli for their computational assistance.DISCLOSUREThe author has no conflicts of interest to report.
摘要对于给定的正数“δ”,我们从U(0,1)分布中考虑独立同分布(i.i.d)随机变量的δ -邻域序列,并且“当它们的并集包含区间(0,1)时就停止”。我们称这样的联盟为“掩护”。为了求出停止时间随机变量N(δ)的分布,我们需要U(0,1)分布的阶统计量的联合分布。对于每个δ>0且n=1,2,…,我们得到了P(n (δ)≤n)的一般表达式,对于固定值的δ,它是n (δ)的分布函数。对于给定的n,设Δ(n)为Δ的最小值,使得前n个观测值的n个Δ−邻域的并集包含区间(0,1)。因为N(δ)≤N当且仅当Δ(N)≤δ,所以将N固定在P(N(δ)≤N)的一般表达式中,即可得到Δ(N)的分布。为了描述δ对N(δ)和N对Δ(N)分布的影响,我们绘制了分布函数图和经验分布函数图。关键词:邻域停止规则均匀分布主题分类:MSC 2020: 26B1562E15感谢S. B. Patil和S. R. Rattihalli的计算协助。作者无利益冲突需要报告。
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引用次数: 0
Bayesian and non-Bayesian inference for a general family of distributions based on simple step-stress life test using TRV model under type II censoring 基于TRV模型的简单阶跃应力寿命检验的一般分布族的贝叶斯和非贝叶斯推理
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1080/07474946.2023.2224401
S. Dutta, Farha Sultana, S. Kayal
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引用次数: 0
A Sequential Test of Traffic Intensity for the M/M/1 Queueing System M/M/1排队系统交通强度的序列检验
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/07474946.2023.2204888
Murat Sagir
Abstract This paper deals with testing traffic intensity, which is the most important parameter of the queue system. The Wald-type sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) is performed to determine traffic intensity by taking advantage of the fact that the total number of customers arriving up to the kth service period, including the kth service period, has a negative binomial distribution. Acceptance and rejection limits obtained from the SPRT are arranged as a multiple sampling plan. This plan is applied with a finite Markov chain. Then, the Operating Characteristic (OC) function and the Average Sample Number (ASN) are obtained precisely. Obtaining the standard errors of the sample number compared to the studies on SPRT applications is the novelty brought by this paper. The sequential analysis method based on the finite Markov chain is also applied to a numerical sample.
摘要本文研究了队列系统中最重要的参数交通强度的测试问题。利用到达第k个服务时段(包括第k个服务时段)的顾客总数呈负二项分布的特点,利用wald型序贯概率比检验(SPRT)确定流量强度。从SPRT得到的接受和拒绝限度被安排为一个多重抽样计划。该方案应用于有限马尔可夫链。然后,精确地得到OC函数和ASN函数。与SPRT应用的研究相比,获得样本数的标准误差是本文的新颖之处。并将基于有限马尔可夫链的序列分析方法应用于数值实例。
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引用次数: 0
Two-stage estimation of the combination of location and scale parameter of the exponential distribution under the constraint of bounded risk per unit cost index 在单位成本有界风险指标约束下,结合区位和规模参数的指数分布的两阶段估计
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/07474946.2023.2201607
E. Mahmoudi, Zahra Nemati, Ashkan Khalifeh
Abstract We consider the problem of bounded risk point estimation for the linear combination of the form where and are the location and scale parameters of a exponential distribution and and are constant. We aim to estimate under the modified squared error loss function using the constraint that the risk per unit cost is bounded above with fixed preassigned, . The two-stage sequential sampling is proposed for estimating The performances of the proposed methodologies are investigated with the help of simulations. Finally, using an actual dataset, the procedure is clearly illustrated.
摘要考虑一类线性组合的有界风险点估计问题,其中和为指数分布的位置参数和尺度参数,和为常数。我们的目标是在修正的平方误差损失函数下,利用单位成本的风险在上有界的约束和固定的预分配,进行估计。提出了两阶段序贯抽样的估计方法,并通过仿真研究了该方法的性能。最后,使用实际数据集,清楚地说明了该过程。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of Gini indices using sequential approach: Application to the U.S. Small Business Administration data 使用顺序方法比较基尼指数:应用于美国小企业管理局的数据
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/07474946.2023.2193612
Francis Bilson Darku, Dorcas Ofori-Boateng, Bhargab Chattopadhyay
Abstract The comparison of Gini inequality indices is an important study related to regional imbalance in equality. In the design of such a study, both the cost constraints and variability of the difference of inequality indices play an active role. In this article, we compare the Gini inequality indices for two regions under cost constraints leveraging on the concept of sequential analysis. Without prior knowledge of the statistical distributions of the data in the two regions of interest, the optimal sample sizes that balance the cost constraint and the accuracy of the comparison cannot be calculated under a fixed-sample-size methodology. Therefore, in this article, we develop a sequential procedure for comparing Gini indices for two regions under a budget constraint. With no specific assumption about the population distribution of the data, we examine and prove the large-sample properties offered by the proposed purely sequential procedure. Further, we use extensive simulations to empirically examine the characteristics of this procedure and illustrate its application using data on the Paycheck Protection Program loan from the U.S. Small Business Administration for the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island.
摘要基尼不平等指数的比较是研究区域不平等的一项重要内容。在这种研究的设计中,成本约束和不平等指数差异的可变性都发挥了积极作用。在本文中,我们利用序列分析的概念,比较了成本约束下两个地区的基尼不等式指数。如果事先不知道两个感兴趣区域中数据的统计分布,就无法在固定样本量方法下计算平衡成本约束和比较准确性的最佳样本量。因此,在本文中,我们开发了一个在预算约束下比较两个地区基尼系数的顺序程序。在没有关于数据的总体分布的具体假设的情况下,我们检验并证明了所提出的纯序列过程所提供的大样本性质。此外,我们使用广泛的模拟来实证检验该程序的特征,并使用美国小企业管理局为康涅狄格州和罗德岛州提供的工资支票保护计划贷款数据来说明其应用。
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引用次数: 0
An ARL-unbiased modified chart for monitoring autoregressive counts with geometric marginal distributions 一种用于监测具有几何边缘分布的自回归计数的arl无偏修正图
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/07474946.2023.2221996
Manuel Cabral Morais, P. Wittenberg, S. Knoth
Abstract Geometrically distributed counts arise in the industry. Ideally, they should be monitored using a control chart whose average run length (ARL) function achieves a maximum when the process is in control; that is, the chart is ARL-unbiased. Moreover, its in-control ARL should coincide with a reasonably large and prespecified value. Because dependence among successive geometric counts is occasionally a more sensible assumption than independence, we assess the impact of using an ARL-unbiased chart specifically designed for monitoring independent geometric counts when, in fact, these counts are autocorrelated. We derive an ARL-unbiased modified chart for monitoring geometric first-order integer-valued autoregressive or GINAR(1) counts. We provide compelling illustrations of this chart and discuss its use to monitor other autoregressive counts with a geometric marginal distribution.
摘要行业中出现了几何分布计数。理想情况下,应使用控制图对其进行监控,当过程处于控制状态时,控制图的平均运行长度(ARL)函数达到最大值;也就是说,图表是ARL无偏的。此外,它的控制ARL应该与一个相当大的预先指定的值一致。由于连续几何计数之间的相关性有时比独立性更明智,因此我们评估了使用专门为监测独立几何计数而设计的ARL无偏图的影响,而事实上,这些计数是自相关的。我们导出了一个ARL无偏修正图,用于监测几何一阶整数值自回归或GINAR(1)计数。我们提供了这张图表的令人信服的插图,并讨论了它在监测其他具有几何边际分布的自回归计数中的用途。
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引用次数: 0
Real-time change point detection in linear models using the ranking selection procedure 实时变化点检测在线性模型中使用排序选择程序
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/07474946.2023.2187416
Chao Gu, Suthakaran Ratnasingam
Abstract We propose a novel sequential change point detection method in linear models. Our method uses a given historical data set to determine the prechange model. Significant features are selected using the ranking procedure, which is an innovative approach aimed at revealing the rank of all features in terms of their effects on the model. We establish the asymptotic properties of the test statistic under the null and alternative hypotheses. Simulations are conducted to illustrate the performance of the proposed method. We conclude with a real data application to illustrate the detection procedure.
摘要我们提出了一种新的线性模型中的序列变化点检测方法。我们的方法使用给定的历史数据集来确定预变化模型。使用排序程序选择重要特征,这是一种创新方法,旨在揭示所有特征对模型影响的排序。我们建立了零假设和替代假设下检验统计量的渐近性质。通过仿真验证了该方法的性能。最后,我们用一个实际的数据应用来说明检测过程。
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引用次数: 0
Group-sequential response-adaptive designs for multi-armed trials 多武器试验的群序列反应自适应设计
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/07474946.2023.2184831
Wenyu Liu, D. Coad
Abstract Several experimental treatments are often compared with a common control in a clinical trial nowadays. A group-sequential design incorporating response-adaptive randomization can help to increase the probability of receiving a more promising treatment for patients in the trial and to detect a treatment effect early so as to benefit the whole population of interest. With such ethical advantages, the trial design has invoked investigation using the Bayesian approach. In the frequentist approach, the type I error rate of a multi-armed trial may involve two error elements, the inflated error rates caused by multiple treatment comparisons and sequential testing. In this study, a group-sequential global test was considered. By monitoring the response-adaptive design at a continuous information time, calculation of the information time and two optimal response-adaptive sampling rules for multi-armed trials were described. Operating characteristics of the designs were investigated via simulation for censored exponential survival outcomes and using patient data sampled from a four-armed binary trial to demonstrate their practical applicability. Our results showed that, in general, the adaptive designs preserved ethical advantages in terms of reducing the average numbers of patients and failures compared with a group-sequential non-adaptive randomized design, while not adversely affecting the power.
摘要在临床试验中,经常将几种实验性治疗方法与一种共同对照进行比较。纳入反应适应性随机化的组序设计有助于增加试验中患者接受更有希望的治疗的可能性,并有助于及早发现治疗效果,从而使整个感兴趣的人群受益。有了这样的伦理优势,试验设计使用贝叶斯方法进行了调查。在频率论方法中,多臂试验的I型错误率可能涉及两个错误因素,即由多个处理比较和顺序试验引起的膨胀错误率。本研究采用组序全局检验。通过对连续信息时间下响应自适应设计的监测,给出了信息时间的计算方法和两种最优的多臂试验响应自适应抽样规则。通过对截尾指数生存结果的模拟,并使用从四臂二元试验中抽样的患者数据,研究了设计的操作特性,以证明其实际适用性。我们的结果表明,总的来说,与组序非适应性随机设计相比,适应性设计在减少患者和失败的平均数量方面保留了伦理优势,同时不会对功率产生不利影响。
{"title":"Group-sequential response-adaptive designs for multi-armed trials","authors":"Wenyu Liu, D. Coad","doi":"10.1080/07474946.2023.2184831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07474946.2023.2184831","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Several experimental treatments are often compared with a common control in a clinical trial nowadays. A group-sequential design incorporating response-adaptive randomization can help to increase the probability of receiving a more promising treatment for patients in the trial and to detect a treatment effect early so as to benefit the whole population of interest. With such ethical advantages, the trial design has invoked investigation using the Bayesian approach. In the frequentist approach, the type I error rate of a multi-armed trial may involve two error elements, the inflated error rates caused by multiple treatment comparisons and sequential testing. In this study, a group-sequential global test was considered. By monitoring the response-adaptive design at a continuous information time, calculation of the information time and two optimal response-adaptive sampling rules for multi-armed trials were described. Operating characteristics of the designs were investigated via simulation for censored exponential survival outcomes and using patient data sampled from a four-armed binary trial to demonstrate their practical applicability. Our results showed that, in general, the adaptive designs preserved ethical advantages in terms of reducing the average numbers of patients and failures compared with a group-sequential non-adaptive randomized design, while not adversely affecting the power.","PeriodicalId":48879,"journal":{"name":"Sequential Analysis-Design Methods and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48620301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
One-sided maximal inequalities for a randomly stopped Bessel process 随机停止贝塞尔过程的单侧极大不等式
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/07474946.2023.2193593
C. Makasu
Abstract We prove a one-sided maximal inequality for a randomly stopped Bessel process of dimension For the special case when α = 1, we obtain a sharp Burkholder-Gundy inequality for Brownian motion as a consequence. An application of the present results is also given.
摘要我们证明了维数随机停止贝塞尔过程的一个单侧极大不等式 = 1,我们得到了布朗运动的一个尖锐的Burkholder-Gundy不等式。文中还给出了该结果的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical solution of Kiefer-Weiss problems when sampling from continuous exponential families 连续指数族中Kiefer-Weiss问题的数值解
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/07474946.2023.2193602
A. Novikov, Andrei Novikov, Fahil Farkhshatov
Abstract In this article, we deal with problems of testing hypotheses in the framework of sequential statistical analysis. The main concern is the optimal design and performance evaluation of sampling plans in Kiefer-Weiss problems. The main goal of the Kiefer-Weiss problem is designing hypothesis tests that minimize the maximum average sample number, over all parameter values, as opposed to both the sequential probability tests (SPRTs) minimizing the average sample number only at two hypothesis points and the classical fixed-sample-size test. For observations that follow a distribution from an exponential family of the continuous type, we provide algorithms for optimal design in the modified Kiefer-Weiss problem and obtain formulas for evaluating the performance of sequential tests by calculating the operating characteristic function, the average sample number, and some related characteristics. These formulas cover, as a particular case, the SPRTs and their truncated versions, as well as optimal finite-horizon sequential tests. In the setting of the original Kiefer-Weiss problem we apply the method of our recent work (Sequential Analysis 2022, 41(2), 198–219) for numerical construction of the optimal tests. For the particular case of sampling from a normal distribution with a known variance, we make numerical comparisons of the Kiefer-Weiss solution with the SPRT and the fixed-sample-size test provided that the three tests have the same levels of the error probabilities. All of the algorithms are implemented in the form of computer code written in the R programming language and are available at the GitHub public repository (https://github.com/tosinabase/Kiefer-Weiss). Guidelines on the adaptation of the program code to other exponential family distributions are provided.
摘要本文讨论了序列统计分析框架下的假设检验问题。在Kiefer-Weiss问题中,主要关注的是抽样方案的优化设计和性能评价。Kiefer-Weiss问题的主要目标是设计在所有参数值上最小化最大平均样本数的假设检验,而不是仅在两个假设点上最小化平均样本数的顺序概率检验(sprt)和经典的固定样本量检验。对于遵循连续型指数族分布的观测值,我们提供了改进的Kiefer-Weiss问题的优化设计算法,并通过计算运行特征函数、平均样本数和一些相关特征得到了评价序列试验性能的公式。作为一种特殊情况,这些公式涵盖了sprt及其截断版本,以及最优有限视界序列测试。在最初的Kiefer-Weiss问题的设置中,我们应用我们最近工作的方法(顺序分析2022,41(2),198-219)进行最优测试的数值构建。对于从方差已知的正态分布中抽样的特殊情况,我们对Kiefer-Weiss解与SPRT和固定样本量检验进行了数值比较,前提是这三种检验具有相同的误差概率水平。所有算法都是以R编程语言编写的计算机代码的形式实现的,并且可以在GitHub公共存储库(https://github.com/tosinabase/Kiefer-Weiss)中获得。提供了使程序代码适应其他指数族分布的指南。
{"title":"Numerical solution of Kiefer-Weiss problems when sampling from continuous exponential families","authors":"A. Novikov, Andrei Novikov, Fahil Farkhshatov","doi":"10.1080/07474946.2023.2193602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07474946.2023.2193602","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, we deal with problems of testing hypotheses in the framework of sequential statistical analysis. The main concern is the optimal design and performance evaluation of sampling plans in Kiefer-Weiss problems. The main goal of the Kiefer-Weiss problem is designing hypothesis tests that minimize the maximum average sample number, over all parameter values, as opposed to both the sequential probability tests (SPRTs) minimizing the average sample number only at two hypothesis points and the classical fixed-sample-size test. For observations that follow a distribution from an exponential family of the continuous type, we provide algorithms for optimal design in the modified Kiefer-Weiss problem and obtain formulas for evaluating the performance of sequential tests by calculating the operating characteristic function, the average sample number, and some related characteristics. These formulas cover, as a particular case, the SPRTs and their truncated versions, as well as optimal finite-horizon sequential tests. In the setting of the original Kiefer-Weiss problem we apply the method of our recent work (Sequential Analysis 2022, 41(2), 198–219) for numerical construction of the optimal tests. For the particular case of sampling from a normal distribution with a known variance, we make numerical comparisons of the Kiefer-Weiss solution with the SPRT and the fixed-sample-size test provided that the three tests have the same levels of the error probabilities. All of the algorithms are implemented in the form of computer code written in the R programming language and are available at the GitHub public repository (https://github.com/tosinabase/Kiefer-Weiss). Guidelines on the adaptation of the program code to other exponential family distributions are provided.","PeriodicalId":48879,"journal":{"name":"Sequential Analysis-Design Methods and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41343230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Sequential Analysis-Design Methods and Applications
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