Pub Date : 2020-10-29DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i2.1638
B. Janecke, J. Tol
{"title":"Connections between abiotic and biotic components of a granite catena ecosystem in Kruger National Park","authors":"B. Janecke, J. Tol","doi":"10.4102/koedoe.v62i2.1638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v62i2.1638","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75142602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-29DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i2.1591
B. Janecke
{"title":"Vegetation structure and spatial heterogeneity in the Granite Supersite, Kruger National Park","authors":"B. Janecke","doi":"10.4102/koedoe.v62i2.1591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v62i2.1591","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74785770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-29DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i2.1588
Ettienne J. Theron, A. V. Aardt, P. D. Preez
Vegetation forms an integral part of any ecosystem and can only be fully studied when the role it plays in the ecosystem is explored (Kent 2012). Identification of vegetation types and plant communities that provide a habitat for animals, insects and birds is, in turn, associated with certain environmental controls and human or animal interactions. Understanding the interaction that vegetation has with environmental factors can lead to improved monitoring of management practices and possibly predict future changes (Kent 2012).
{"title":"Vegetation distribution along a granite catena, southern Kruger National Park, South Africa","authors":"Ettienne J. Theron, A. V. Aardt, P. D. Preez","doi":"10.4102/koedoe.v62i2.1588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v62i2.1588","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetation forms an integral part of any ecosystem and can only be fully studied when the role it plays in the ecosystem is explored (Kent 2012). Identification of vegetation types and plant communities that provide a habitat for animals, insects and birds is, in turn, associated with certain environmental controls and human or animal interactions. Understanding the interaction that vegetation has with environmental factors can lead to improved monitoring of management practices and possibly predict future changes (Kent 2012).","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83620418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-29DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i2.1586
I. Smit
Over the years, the Kruger National Park (KNP) has established a reputation as an ‘outdoor laboratory’, and has registered more than 700 research projects between 2005 and 2016, and published 556 papers between 2003 and 2013, both by in-house scientists and external collaborators from around the world (Smit et al. 2017; Van Wilgen et al. 2016). As a result, the park has become one of the most studied savanna conservation areas in Africa (Smit et al. 2017). Many of these studies have focussed on specific experimental sites where underlying drivers are manipulated, for example, herbivore exclosures (e.g. Asner et al. 2009) or plots where fire regimes have been manipulated (e.g. Higgins et al. 2007). However, for many projects that aim to study or monitor patterns and processes emerging under non-manipulated conditions, sites were selected in a haphazard and uncoordinated manner and, as a consequence, because of underlying heterogeneity, it was often hard to integrate data sets and knowledge across these disparate sites. In an attempt to geographically focus research effort and allow data integration over time and across themes, the ‘KNP research supersites’ was conceptualised. It was envisaged that through establishing these areas, some geographic focussing of research would be achieved with these sites increasingly acting as data-rich, long-term sites for monitoring and research. In many respects, the KNP supersites have objectives similar to long-term ecological research sites (LTERS) (e.g. Gosz, Waide & Magnuson 2010; Mirtl et al. 2018). The four KNP research supersites that cover the rainfall gradient The Kruger National Park (KNP) research supersites were designed to encourage placebased research in order to geographically focus research activities on known and well described study sites as opposed to ad hoc site selection practiced previously. This was done by (i) delineating sites using a clear rationale, (ii) providing basic meta-data for these sites, and (iii) actively encouraging scientists to conduct research on these sites and share data freely. The underlying concept was that geographically focused research would facilitate data and knowledge exchanges and lead to long-term, multi-scaled and cross-disciplinary studies at these data-rich sites, facilitating an integrated and collectively developed understanding that would be hard to achieve otherwise.
多年来，克鲁格国家公园(KNP)已经建立了“户外实验室”的声誉，并在2005年至2016年期间注册了700多个研究项目，并在2003年至2013年期间发表了556篇论文，这些论文都是由来自世界各地的内部科学家和外部合作者撰写的(Smit et al. 2017;Van Wilgen et al. 2016)。因此，该公园已成为非洲研究最多的稀树草原保护区之一(Smit et al. 2017)。其中许多研究都集中在潜在驱动因素被操纵的特定实验地点，例如草食动物暴露(例如Asner等人，2009年)或火灾制度被操纵的地块(例如Higgins等人，2007年)。然而，对于许多旨在研究或监测在非操纵条件下出现的模式和过程的项目来说，地点的选择是随意和不协调的，因此，由于潜在的异质性，通常很难将这些不同地点的数据集和知识整合起来。为了尝试在地理上集中研究工作，并允许随时间和跨主题的数据集成，“KNP研究叠加点”被概念化。设想通过建立这些领域，可以使研究在一定程度上集中在地理上，使这些场址日益成为数据丰富的长期监测和研究场址。在许多方面，KNP重叠点的目标类似于长期生态研究点(LTERS)(例如Gosz, Waide & Magnuson 2010;Mirtl et al. 2018)。Kruger国家公园(KNP)研究站点的设计是为了鼓励基于地点的研究，以便将研究活动集中在已知的和描述良好的研究地点，而不是以前的临时选址。这是通过以下方式实现的:(i)使用明确的理由划定站点，(ii)为这些站点提供基本的元数据，以及(iii)积极鼓励科学家在这些站点上进行研究并自由共享数据。其基本概念是，以地理为重点的研究将促进数据和知识交流，并导致在这些数据丰富的地点进行长期、多规模和跨学科的研究，促进综合和集体发展的理解，否则很难实现。
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Pub Date : 2020-10-29DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i2.1592
B. Janecke, Jeremy Bolton
[T]he resources and conditions present in an area that produce occupancy – including survival and reproduction – by a given organism. Habitat is organism-specific; it relates the presence of a species, population or individual (animal or plant) to an area’s physical and biological characteristics. Habitat implies more than vegetation or vegetation structure; it is the sum of the specific resources that are needed by organisms. (p. 175)
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Pub Date : 2020-10-26DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1603
T. B. Dlamini, B. Reilly, D. I. Thompson, D. Burkepile, Judith Botha, A. Rebelo
Fire has long been considered an essential determinant of vegetation structure in savanna ecosystems (Sankaran & Hanan 2008:17) and is frequently utilised as a management tool by conservationists. Changes in fire management in southern Africa over the past century reflect an increasing level of ecological consideration (Van Wilgen 2009:105), partially through the insight of manipulations such as the experimental burn plots (EBPs) in the Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa. This fire experiment began in 1954 (Biggs et al. 2003:46) and has facilitated research projects on fire ecology in savanna ecosystems (Govender, Trollope & Van Wilgen 2006:43). Fire extent, frequency and burn shape influence wildlife distributions across landscapes (Cromsigt, Archibald & Owen-Smith 2017:47; Roberts 2008:1). Moreover, spatially patchy fire drives the spatial and temporal distribution of grazers, in particular, to congregate on immediate post-fire patches (McGranahan & Kirkman 2013:176). Burning affects forage quality and quantity as well as animal behaviour and diet (Roberts 2008:1). Fire frequency further influences ungulate distribution through altered predation risk (Burkepile et al. 2013:139). At a landscape scale, fire reduces plant biomass (Hanan et al. 2008:171), resulting in temporary displacement of herbivores. Fire affects nutrient cycling (Van der Vijver, Proot & Prins 1999:173) and soil organic nitrogen and carbon (Holdo et al. 2009:115), which influence The Kruger National Park’s (KNP) long-running experimental burn plots (EBPs) have a history of research projects, which improve the understanding of fire in savanna ecosystems. Using data from KNP’s aerial censuses (2005–2016) and in situ dung count data (2008–2017), this study assessed (1) herbivore densities on the Satara, N’Wanetsi and Marheya EBPs, on annual, triennial and no-burn treatments and across pre-, during and post-drought climate conditions; (2) herbivore densities of these EBPs relative to their non-manipulated surroundings and (3) the extent to which distance to water and rainfall influence ungulate densities. The results revealed that herbivore mean density differed significantly between the three EBPs of Satara and across their fire treatments. N’Wanetsi showed the highest density (0.30 animals/ha), whilst the lowest was found at Marheya (0.12 animals/ha). Overall, pre-drought density was higher on the annual plots (0.56 animals/ha), whilst higher post-drought density was evidenced on the triennial plots (0.80 animals/ha). On average, there were significantly higher herbivore densities on the EBPs (2.54 animals/ha) compared to the surrounding matrix at the larger scales of the Satara management section (0.15 animals/ha) and the central KNP (0.18 animals/ha). A positive correlation between herbivore mean density estimate and distance to water was shown. However, grazer mean density across fire treatments was strongly correlated to rainfall.
长期以来，火灾一直被认为是稀树草原生态系统中植被结构的重要决定因素(Sankaran & Hanan 2008:17)，并且经常被保护主义者用作管理工具。在过去的一个世纪里，南部非洲火灾管理的变化反映了生态考虑水平的提高(Van Wilgen 2009:105)，部分原因是通过诸如南非克鲁格国家公园(KNP)的实验燃烧地块(ebp)等操作的洞察力。这项火灾实验始于1954年(Biggs et al. 2003:46)，并促进了稀树草原生态系统中火灾生态学的研究项目(Govender, Trollope & Van Wilgen 2006:43)。火灾范围、频率和烧伤形状影响野生动物在景观中的分布(cromsight, Archibald & Owen-Smith 2017:47;罗伯茨2008:1)。此外，空间上的斑块性火灾推动了食草动物的时空分布，特别是在火灾发生后立即聚集在斑块上(McGranahan & Kirkman 2013:176)。燃烧影响饲料的质量和数量，以及动物的行为和饮食(Roberts 2008:1)。火灾频率通过改变捕食风险进一步影响有蹄类动物的分布(Burkepile et al. 2013:139)。在景观尺度上，火灾减少了植物生物量(Hanan et al. 2008:171)，导致食草动物暂时流离失所。火灾影响养分循环(Van der Vijver, Proot & Prins 1999:173)和土壤有机氮和碳(Holdo et al. 2009:115)，它们影响克鲁格国家公园(KNP)长期实验燃烧地块(ebp)的研究项目历史，这些项目提高了对热带草原生态系统火灾的理解。利用KNP 2005-2016年的空中普查数据和2008-2017年的原位粪便计数数据，本研究评估了(1)Satara、N 'Wanetsi和Marheya ebp在年度、三年和无烧伤处理以及干旱前、期间和后气候条件下的食草动物密度;(2)这些ebp相对于其未被操纵的环境的食草动物密度;(3)与水和降雨的距离对有蹄类密度的影响程度。结果表明，三种不同处理间草食动物平均密度存在显著差异。N 'Wanetsi区密度最高(0.30只/ha)， Marheya区密度最低(0.12只/ha)。总体而言，干旱前样地的密度较高(0.56只/ha)，而干旱后样地的密度较高(0.80只/ha)。平均而言，在较大尺度上，ebp上的草食动物密度(2.54只/ha)显著高于周围基质(0.15只/ha)和中央KNP(0.18只/ha)。草食动物平均密度与离水距离呈正相关。然而，不同处理的食草动物平均密度与降雨量密切相关。
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Pub Date : 2020-10-21DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1604
P. Vittoz, Federico Pellacani, R. Romanens, Ali Mainga, É. Verrecchia, R. Fynn
Precise vegetation descriptions and maps are essential tools for the management of natural areas, as well as for understanding animal habitat use. The Chobe Enclave (CE), adjacent to the Chobe National Park and the Chobe Forest Reserve, forms a critical dry season range for many large herbivores. As a tool for future management and studies about wildlife habitat use and migration, this study proposed to describe the plant communities in the CE and to study their relationships with microtopography and soils. Plant species were inventoried in 82 sampling plots (40 x 20 m), covering the vegetation diversity recognised by an unsupervised classification (Landsat images, 30-m resolution). A hierarchical clustering classified the inventories in eight plant communities, mapped with a supervised classification. This study was conducted in parallel with a soil study. Soil variations and degree of flooding largely determine community composition. Floodplains along the Linyanti River and dambos (concentrating local run off from rainfall) provide reliable green forage for wildlife during the dry season. Adjacent to floodplains, riverine forests also maintain green browse and grazing well into the dry season. In drylands, vegetation is largely determined by soil texture. Forests dominated by Baikiaea plurijuga occupy the acidic, red sands in the east, while sandveld vegetation grows on deep sands in paleo-river channels. These habitats support dominant grasses, which provide important forage for grazers during the wet season. Finally, woodlands dominated by Colophospermum mopane, characterised by sodium-rich and alkaline soils, enable herbivores to meet their mineral requirements during reproduction. Conservation implications: Our soil and vegetation studies provide important insights into factors determining plant communities. Their diversity and close vicinity play a critical role in enabling herbivores to adapt to seasonal variations in forage quantity and quality. Results will enable researchers to gain insights into animal habitat seasonal use in the Chobe Enclave.
精确的植被描述和地图是自然区域管理的重要工具，也是了解动物栖息地使用情况的重要工具。乔贝飞地(CE)毗邻乔贝国家公园和乔贝森林保护区，为许多大型食草动物形成了一个关键的旱季范围。为了更好地管理和研究野生动物栖息地的利用和迁移，本研究提出了对东部地区植物群落的描述，并研究它们与微地形和土壤的关系。在82个采样样地(40 x 20 m)中调查了植物物种，覆盖了通过无监督分类识别的植被多样性(Landsat图像，30 m分辨率)。采用分层聚类方法对8个植物群落进行了分类，并绘制了监督分类图。这项研究与一项土壤研究同时进行。土壤变化和洪涝程度在很大程度上决定了群落组成。林燕提河沿岸的洪泛平原和丹博斯(集中了当地的雨水径流)在旱季为野生动物提供了可靠的绿色饲料。与洪泛平原相邻的河流森林在旱季也能保持良好的绿色植被和放牧。在旱地，植被很大程度上取决于土壤质地。东部以白桦为主的森林占据了酸性的红色沙地，而沙土植被生长在古河道的深沙上。这些栖息地支持优势草，这些草在雨季为食草动物提供重要的饲料。最后，以绿磷菊(Colophospermum mopane)为主的林地，具有富钠碱性土壤的特点，能够满足草食动物繁殖过程中对矿物质的需求。保护意义:我们的土壤和植被研究为决定植物群落的因素提供了重要的见解。它们的多样性和邻近性在使草食动物适应牧草数量和质量的季节性变化方面发挥了关键作用。研究结果将使研究人员能够深入了解乔贝飞地动物栖息地的季节性使用情况。
{"title":"Plant community diversity in the Chobe Enclave, Botswana: Insights for functional habitat heterogeneity for herbivores","authors":"P. Vittoz, Federico Pellacani, R. Romanens, Ali Mainga, É. Verrecchia, R. Fynn","doi":"10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1604","url":null,"abstract":"Precise vegetation descriptions and maps are essential tools for the management of natural areas, as well as for understanding animal habitat use. The Chobe Enclave (CE), adjacent to the Chobe National Park and the Chobe Forest Reserve, forms a critical dry season range for many large herbivores. As a tool for future management and studies about wildlife habitat use and migration, this study proposed to describe the plant communities in the CE and to study their relationships with microtopography and soils. Plant species were inventoried in 82 sampling plots (40 x 20 m), covering the vegetation diversity recognised by an unsupervised classification (Landsat images, 30-m resolution). A hierarchical clustering classified the inventories in eight plant communities, mapped with a supervised classification. This study was conducted in parallel with a soil study. Soil variations and degree of flooding largely determine community composition. Floodplains along the Linyanti River and dambos (concentrating local run off from rainfall) provide reliable green forage for wildlife during the dry season. Adjacent to floodplains, riverine forests also maintain green browse and grazing well into the dry season. In drylands, vegetation is largely determined by soil texture. Forests dominated by Baikiaea plurijuga occupy the acidic, red sands in the east, while sandveld vegetation grows on deep sands in paleo-river channels. These habitats support dominant grasses, which provide important forage for grazers during the wet season. Finally, woodlands dominated by Colophospermum mopane, characterised by sodium-rich and alkaline soils, enable herbivores to meet their mineral requirements during reproduction.\u0000Conservation implications: Our soil and vegetation studies provide important insights into factors determining plant communities. Their diversity and close vicinity play a critical role in enabling herbivores to adapt to seasonal variations in forage quantity and quality. Results will enable researchers to gain insights into animal habitat seasonal use in the Chobe Enclave.","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87795072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-29DOI: 10.4102/KOEDOE.V62I1.1627
A. Chakona, G. Gouws, Wilbert T. Kadye, Pule P Mpopetsi, P. Skelton
Accurate delimitation of species boundaries is a fundamental requirement for formulating environmental policies and spatial conservation planning to prevent loss of biodiversity (e.g. Nel et al. 2011). However, because morphological differences may remain undetected as a result of their subtlelty and the experience or expertise of the observer, there are several cases where two or more morphologically similar species have been mistakenly classified into a single taxon, thus compromising conservation of rare, cryptic and narrow-range species (Bickford et al. 2007). The use of molecular data has resulted in the discovery of new species and several historically isolated lineages within many groups of freshwater fishes that were previously considered to be single wide-ranging species. This is particularly true for the Cape Fold freshwater ecoregion (CFE) in South Africa and the Eastern Zimbabwe Highlands freshwater ecoregion (EZH), where new species, unique lineages and taxonomic conflicts have been discovered in various species groups (e.g. Bronaugh, Swartz & Sidlauskas 2020; Chakona et al. 2018a; Chakona, Swartz & Gouws 2013; Swartz, Skelton & Bloomer 2009; Wishart et al. 2006). Such findings have stimulated renewed interest in the systematics and taxonomic revisions of freshwater fishes in southern Africa (e.g. Chakona & Skelton 2017; Chakona & Swartz 2013; Chakona, Swartz & Skelton 2014; Maake, Gon & Swartz 2014). This information has also been critical in guiding accurate International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) redlist assessments for freshwater fishes in South Africa (Chakona et al. in prep).
准确划分物种边界是制定环境政策和空间保护规划以防止生物多样性丧失的基本要求(例如Nel et al. 2011)。然而，由于形态学上的差异可能由于其微妙性和观察者的经验或专业知识而无法被发现，因此在一些情况下，两个或两个以上形态相似的物种被错误地归类为一个分类群，从而损害了稀有、隐蔽和范围狭窄的物种的保护(Bickford et al. 2007)。分子数据的使用导致在许多淡水鱼群中发现了新物种和几个历史上孤立的谱系，这些鱼类以前被认为是单一的广泛物种。南非的福尔德角淡水生态区(CFE)和津巴布韦东部高地淡水生态区(EZH)尤其如此，在那里，在不同的物种群中发现了新物种、独特的谱系和分类冲突(例如Bronaugh, Swartz & Sidlauskas 2020;Chakona et al. 2018a;Chakona, Swartz & Gouws 2013;Swartz, Skelton & Bloomer 2009;Wishart et al. 2006)。这些发现激发了人们对南部非洲淡水鱼的系统学和分类学修订的新兴趣(例如Chakona & Skelton 2017;Chakona & Swartz 2013;Chakona, Swartz & Skelton 2014;Maake, Gon & Swartz 2014)。这些信息对于指导国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)对南非淡水鱼类进行准确的红皮书评估也至关重要(Chakona等人正在准备中)。
{"title":"Probing hidden diversity to enhance conservation of the endangered narrow-range endemic Eastern Cape rocky, Sandelia bainsii (Castelnau 1861)","authors":"A. Chakona, G. Gouws, Wilbert T. Kadye, Pule P Mpopetsi, P. Skelton","doi":"10.4102/KOEDOE.V62I1.1627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/KOEDOE.V62I1.1627","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate delimitation of species boundaries is a fundamental requirement for formulating environmental policies and spatial conservation planning to prevent loss of biodiversity (e.g. Nel et al. 2011). However, because morphological differences may remain undetected as a result of their subtlelty and the experience or expertise of the observer, there are several cases where two or more morphologically similar species have been mistakenly classified into a single taxon, thus compromising conservation of rare, cryptic and narrow-range species (Bickford et al. 2007). The use of molecular data has resulted in the discovery of new species and several historically isolated lineages within many groups of freshwater fishes that were previously considered to be single wide-ranging species. This is particularly true for the Cape Fold freshwater ecoregion (CFE) in South Africa and the Eastern Zimbabwe Highlands freshwater ecoregion (EZH), where new species, unique lineages and taxonomic conflicts have been discovered in various species groups (e.g. Bronaugh, Swartz & Sidlauskas 2020; Chakona et al. 2018a; Chakona, Swartz & Gouws 2013; Swartz, Skelton & Bloomer 2009; Wishart et al. 2006). Such findings have stimulated renewed interest in the systematics and taxonomic revisions of freshwater fishes in southern Africa (e.g. Chakona & Skelton 2017; Chakona & Swartz 2013; Chakona, Swartz & Skelton 2014; Maake, Gon & Swartz 2014). This information has also been critical in guiding accurate International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) redlist assessments for freshwater fishes in South Africa (Chakona et al. in prep).","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86853486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-28DOI: 10.4102/KOEDOE.V62I1.1632
C. Arendse, I. Russell
The Knysna seahorse, Hippocampus capensis, is listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, with the only known, apparently isolated, populations occurring in the Knysna, Swartvlei and Keurbooms estuaries along the south coast of South Africa. The Swartvlei Estuary population is the most genetically distinct (Mkare et al. 2017). Despite all three known populations occurring within protected areas and there being no commercial or subsistence use of the species, population sizes are still thought to be declining because of habitat degradation across much of its range (Pollom 2017). Environmental management authorities have outlined strategies for the conservation of H. capensis, including listing it as a species of special concern in the Estuarine Lower Level Plan of the Garden Route National Park (South African National Parks 2020) and setting management objectives for the Keurbooms population in the Keurbooms–Bitou Estuarine Management Plan (Western Cape Government 2018).
Knysna海马，Hippocampus capensis，被世界自然保护联盟列为濒危物种红色名录，唯一已知的，显然是孤立的，种群出现在南非南部海岸的Knysna, Swartvlei和keurboom河口。Swartvlei河口种群在遗传上是最独特的(Mkare et al. 2017)。尽管所有三个已知种群都发生在保护区内，并且没有商业或生存利用，但由于其大部分范围的栖息地退化，种群规模仍被认为在下降(Pollom 2017)。环境管理当局已经概述了capensis的保护策略，包括将其列为花园路线国家公园河口低层计划(2020年南非国家公园)中特别关注的物种，并在Keurbooms - bitou河口管理计划(西开普省政府2018年)中为Keurbooms种群设定管理目标。
{"title":"Morphometric regressions for the endangered Knysna seahorse, Hippocampus capensis, in the Swartvlei Estuary from mass stranding events","authors":"C. Arendse, I. Russell","doi":"10.4102/KOEDOE.V62I1.1632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/KOEDOE.V62I1.1632","url":null,"abstract":"The Knysna seahorse, Hippocampus capensis, is listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, with the only known, apparently isolated, populations occurring in the Knysna, Swartvlei and Keurbooms estuaries along the south coast of South Africa. The Swartvlei Estuary population is the most genetically distinct (Mkare et al. 2017). Despite all three known populations occurring within protected areas and there being no commercial or subsistence use of the species, population sizes are still thought to be declining because of habitat degradation across much of its range (Pollom 2017). Environmental management authorities have outlined strategies for the conservation of H. capensis, including listing it as a species of special concern in the Estuarine Lower Level Plan of the Garden Route National Park (South African National Parks 2020) and setting management objectives for the Keurbooms population in the Keurbooms–Bitou Estuarine Management Plan (Western Cape Government 2018).","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77931101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-21DOI: 10.4102/KOEDOE.V62I1.1617
E. Gaget, C. Parr, Clélia Sirami
Fire is a frequent and widespread disturbance in many biomes (Pausas & Keeley 2009) and shapes landscapes by modifying vegetation structure and composition (Bond & Keeley 2005). The recent increase in large uncontrolled fire incidences (e.g. in the Western-Mediterranean basin; Pausas & Fernández-Muñoz 2012; and in the North American boreal region; Kasischke & Turetsky 2006) and predictions indicating that the frequency of high-intensity fires will increase in the future as a result of climate change (Pechony & Shindell 2010) have triggered growing concerns about the impacts of changes in long-term fire regimes. Fire management has become increasingly important as both human population densities and pressure to manage fuels for asset protection increase (Gill & Stephens 2009). In parallel, fire has also become one of the primary tools for biodiversity conservation (Andersen et al. 1998; Parr & Chown 2003). Yet, numerous knowledge gaps are still currently impeding informed decision-making in fire management (Driscoll et al. 2010).
{"title":"Effects of fire frequency on savanna butterfly diversity and composition: A preliminary study","authors":"E. Gaget, C. Parr, Clélia Sirami","doi":"10.4102/KOEDOE.V62I1.1617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/KOEDOE.V62I1.1617","url":null,"abstract":"Fire is a frequent and widespread disturbance in many biomes (Pausas & Keeley 2009) and shapes landscapes by modifying vegetation structure and composition (Bond & Keeley 2005). The recent increase in large uncontrolled fire incidences (e.g. in the Western-Mediterranean basin; Pausas & Fernández-Muñoz 2012; and in the North American boreal region; Kasischke & Turetsky 2006) and predictions indicating that the frequency of high-intensity fires will increase in the future as a result of climate change (Pechony & Shindell 2010) have triggered growing concerns about the impacts of changes in long-term fire regimes. Fire management has become increasingly important as both human population densities and pressure to manage fuels for asset protection increase (Gill & Stephens 2009). In parallel, fire has also become one of the primary tools for biodiversity conservation (Andersen et al. 1998; Parr & Chown 2003). Yet, numerous knowledge gaps are still currently impeding informed decision-making in fire management (Driscoll et al. 2010).","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89585950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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