Pub Date : 2020-09-16DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1631
L. Sandham, Carla Huysamen, F. Retief, A. Morrison‐Saunders, A. Bond, J. Pope, R. Alberts
This research evaluates Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report quality for a selected sample of development projects in South African national parks. It applies an adapted version of an international EIA report quality review package to 24 developments within 10 national parks, across three EIA regimes. The results suggest good EIA report quality across all four quality review areas, with improvement over time, but also highlight particular weaknesses in terms of dealing with waste and, to a lesser extent, with significance and mitigation. To build on this research, the development of a sector-specific EIA report quality review package is recommended, with more emphasis on the strategic context, waste and water-related aspects. The conclusion is that EIA is well positioned to remain an important decision support instrument for developments within national parks. Conservation implications: The results show that EIA reports for developments in South African national parks are generally of sufficient quality for decision-making that benefits conservation. However, weaker performance regarding waste, significance determination, water-related impacts and a lack of consideration of strategic context requires a conservation-specific EIA report quality review package to improve report quality in the areas of weakness and thereby increase the value of EIA as an instrument for environmental governance and sustainable development in conservation areas.
{"title":"Evaluating Environmental Impact Assessment report quality in South African national parks","authors":"L. Sandham, Carla Huysamen, F. Retief, A. Morrison‐Saunders, A. Bond, J. Pope, R. Alberts","doi":"10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1631","url":null,"abstract":"This research evaluates Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report quality for a selected sample of development projects in South African national parks. It applies an adapted version of an international EIA report quality review package to 24 developments within 10 national parks, across three EIA regimes. The results suggest good EIA report quality across all four quality review areas, with improvement over time, but also highlight particular weaknesses in terms of dealing with waste and, to a lesser extent, with significance and mitigation. To build on this research, the development of a sector-specific EIA report quality review package is recommended, with more emphasis on the strategic context, waste and water-related aspects. The conclusion is that EIA is well positioned to remain an important decision support instrument for developments within national parks. Conservation implications: The results show that EIA reports for developments in South African national parks are generally of sufficient quality for decision-making that benefits conservation. However, weaker performance regarding waste, significance determination, water-related impacts and a lack of consideration of strategic context requires a conservation-specific EIA report quality review package to improve report quality in the areas of weakness and thereby increase the value of EIA as an instrument for environmental governance and sustainable development in conservation areas.","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73852942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-09DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1605
A. Witt, Winnie Nunda, T. Beale, D. Kriticos
Invasive alien species are those plants and animals that have been introduced by people, either intentionally or unintentionally, outside of their natural range or outside of their natural dispersal potential, and are destructive to the environment in which they have established and proliferated (UNEP 2002; Witt & Luke 2017). Invasive alien species (plants and animals) pose a significant threat to biodiversity (Pyšek et al. 2012; Randall 1996; Vilà et al. 2011). For example, a global meta-analysis by Vilà et al. (2011) found that invasive plants decrease native plant species diversity and abundance. These plant invasions may have cascading trophic effects (Bailey, Schweitzer & Whitham 2001; Sakai et al. 2001; Valentine, Roberts & Schwartzkopf 2007) by decreasing animal fitness and abundance (Vilà et al. 2011). This is especially an issue for protected areas where the primary goal is biodiversity conservation (eds. Foxcroft et al. 2013; Funk & Vitousek 2007; Hobbs & Humphries 1995).
外来入侵物种是指那些被人类有意或无意地引入的植物和动物，它们超出了它们的自然范围或它们的自然扩散潜力，并且对它们建立和扩散的环境具有破坏性(UNEP 2002;Witt & Luke 2017)。外来入侵物种(植物和动物)对生物多样性构成重大威胁(Pyšek et al. 2012;兰德尔1996;vilou et al. 2011)。例如，viloporet al.(2011)的一项全球荟萃分析发现，入侵植物会降低本土植物物种的多样性和丰度。这些植物入侵可能具有级联营养效应(Bailey, Schweitzer & Whitham 2001;酒井等，2001;Valentine, Roberts & Schwartzkopf 2007)通过降低动物适应度和丰度(vil et al. 2011)。对于以生物多样性保护为主要目标的保护区来说，这尤其是个问题。Foxcroft et al. 2013;Funk & Vitousek 2007;Hobbs & Humphries 1995)。
{"title":"A preliminary assessment of the presence and distribution of invasive and potentially invasive alien plant species in Laikipia County, Kenya, a biodiversity hotspot","authors":"A. Witt, Winnie Nunda, T. Beale, D. Kriticos","doi":"10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1605","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive alien species are those plants and animals that have been introduced by people, either intentionally or unintentionally, outside of their natural range or outside of their natural dispersal potential, and are destructive to the environment in which they have established and proliferated (UNEP 2002; Witt & Luke 2017). Invasive alien species (plants and animals) pose a significant threat to biodiversity (Pyšek et al. 2012; Randall 1996; Vilà et al. 2011). For example, a global meta-analysis by Vilà et al. (2011) found that invasive plants decrease native plant species diversity and abundance. These plant invasions may have cascading trophic effects (Bailey, Schweitzer & Whitham 2001; Sakai et al. 2001; Valentine, Roberts & Schwartzkopf 2007) by decreasing animal fitness and abundance (Vilà et al. 2011). This is especially an issue for protected areas where the primary goal is biodiversity conservation (eds. Foxcroft et al. 2013; Funk & Vitousek 2007; Hobbs & Humphries 1995).","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89576672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-11DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1613
P. van der Merwe, M. Saayman, E. Botha
The main objective of most national parks in the world, and in South Africa specifically, is to conserve the environment or biodiversity (South African Government 1976), but this has proven to be quite a difficult task to perform because of declining public funding (Eagles 2014). South African National Parks (SANParks; the managing body of South African national parks) is therefore primarily a self-funding entity, as ecotourism activities generate 80% of the total income of national parks (SANParks 2018). Ecotourism thus contributes to sustaining the conservation objectives of the national parks (SANParks 2018).
{"title":"Interpretation needs and preferences of visitors to Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park","authors":"P. van der Merwe, M. Saayman, E. Botha","doi":"10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1613","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of most national parks in the world, and in South Africa specifically, is to conserve the environment or biodiversity (South African Government 1976), but this has proven to be quite a difficult task to perform because of declining public funding (Eagles 2014). South African National Parks (SANParks; the managing body of South African national parks) is therefore primarily a self-funding entity, as ecotourism activities generate 80% of the total income of national parks (SANParks 2018). Ecotourism thus contributes to sustaining the conservation objectives of the national parks (SANParks 2018).","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78105842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-11DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1581
Z. Ebrahim, A. D. de Villiers, J. Measey
Southern Africa has a rich assemblage of anuran amphibians (South Africa has 12 families). Of these, one entire family is endemic to the southern African region (Poynton 1964): the ghost frog family, Heleophrynidae. These torrent-adapted species live in and around fast-flowing montane streams. Adults are cryptic, hiding in crevices and emerging at night, while tadpoles are relatively easy to find in streams and easily identified by their large, specially adapted oral suckers used for grazing on algae-covered rocks (Boycott 2004). The two genera of the ghost frog family contain seven species, one in the genus Hadromophryne (Natal cascade frog) and six in the genus Heleophryne (ghost frogs); the latter is confined to the Cape Fold Mountains (Channing, Boycott & Van Hensbergen 1988) across south-west South Africa’s winter rainfall region (Colville et al. 2014). The Table Mountain Ghost Frog, Heleophryne rosei, is confined to the Table Mountain massif (Boycott & de Villiers 1986).
非洲南部有丰富的无尾两栖动物(南非有12个科)。其中，有一个家族是南部非洲地区特有的(Poynton 1964):鬼蛙家族，鬼蛙科。这些适应激流的物种生活在湍急的山地溪流中及其周围。成年蝌蚪是隐蔽的，躲在裂缝里，晚上才出现，而蝌蚪在溪流中相对容易被发现，而且很容易被识别出来，因为它们的大的，特别适应的口腔吸盘用于在藻类覆盖的岩石上吃草(Boycott 2004)。鬼蛙科的两属包括7种，1种属于hadromoophryne属(Natal cascade frog)， 6种属于Heleophryne属(鬼蛙);后者局限于横跨南非西南部冬季降雨区域的福尔德角山脉(Channing, Boycott & Van Hensbergen 1988) (Colville et al. 2014)。桌山幽灵蛙，Heleophryne rosei，局限于桌山(Boycott & de Villiers 1986)。
{"title":"Assessing water conditions for Heleophryne rosei tadpoles and the conservation relevance","authors":"Z. Ebrahim, A. D. de Villiers, J. Measey","doi":"10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1581","url":null,"abstract":"Southern Africa has a rich assemblage of anuran amphibians (South Africa has 12 families). Of these, one entire family is endemic to the southern African region (Poynton 1964): the ghost frog family, Heleophrynidae. These torrent-adapted species live in and around fast-flowing montane streams. Adults are cryptic, hiding in crevices and emerging at night, while tadpoles are relatively easy to find in streams and easily identified by their large, specially adapted oral suckers used for grazing on algae-covered rocks (Boycott 2004). The two genera of the ghost frog family contain seven species, one in the genus Hadromophryne (Natal cascade frog) and six in the genus Heleophryne (ghost frogs); the latter is confined to the Cape Fold Mountains (Channing, Boycott & Van Hensbergen 1988) across south-west South Africa’s winter rainfall region (Colville et al. 2014). The Table Mountain Ghost Frog, Heleophryne rosei, is confined to the Table Mountain massif (Boycott & de Villiers 1986).","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75269283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-04DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1621
M. Urban, Kai Heckel, C. Berger, P. Schratz, I. Smit, T. Strydom, J. Baade, C. Schmullius
Savanna ecosystems are dominated by different densities of grasses and woody plants with inter-annual changes because of dry and wet seasons. They cover half of the African continent and around 20% of the global land surface and are of great significance for ecology (e.g. living environment) and economy (e.g. fuelwood, timber) (Kutsch et al. 2008; Main et al. 2016; Scholes & Walker 1993). The savanna ecosystems of South Africa are shaped by disturbance processes such as droughts, fire and herbivory (Druce et al. 2008; Scholes & Archer 1997; Stevens et al. 2016), as well as anthropogenic impacts like climate change (e.g. increase in atmospheric CO2) or management actions. It is therefore not surprising that these savannas have been undergoing various changes during the last decades (Buitenwerf et al. 2012; Skowno et al. 2016). Information about changes in woody cover and above-ground biomass (AGB) in national parks (e.g. Kruger National Park [KNP]) is important for park management and conservation efforts, as changes in woody cover are likely to have effects on other ecosystem patterns and processes. For example, an increase in woody cover will lead to a reduction in grass and herbaceous biomass (Berger et al. 2019), which will have cascading effects on herbivores (i.e. favouring browsers to grazers [Smit & Prins 2015]) and fire regimes (i.e. reducing fire frequency [Smit et al. 2012]). The savanna ecosystems in South Africa, which are predominantly characterised by woody vegetation (e.g. shrubs and trees) and grasslands with annual phenological cycles, are shaped by ecosystem processes such as droughts, fires and herbivory interacting with management actions. Therefore, monitoring of the intraand inter-annual vegetation structure dynamics is one of the essential components for the management of complex savanna ecosystems such as the Kruger National Park (KNP). To map the woody cover in the KNP, data from European Space Agency’s (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-1 radar satellite (C-Band vertical– vertical [VV]/vertical–horizontal [VH]) for the years 2016 and 2017, at 10 m spatial resolution and repeated acquisitions every 12 days, were utilised. A high-resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data set was reclassified to produce woody cover percentages and consequently used for calibration and validation. Woody cover estimation for different spatial resolutions was carried out by fitting a random forest (RF) model. Model accuracy was assessed via spatial cross-validation and revealed an overall root mean squared error (RMSE) of 22.8% for the product with a spatial resolution of 10 m and improved with spatial averaging to 15.8% for 30 m, 14.8% for 50 m and 13.4% for 100 m. In addition, the product was validated against a second LiDAR data set, confirming the results of the spatial crossvalidation of the model. The methodology of this study is designed for savanna vegetation structure mapping based on height estimates by using open-source software an
稀树草原生态系统以不同密度的禾本科和木本植物为主，因干湿季节而有年际变化。它们覆盖了非洲大陆的一半和全球陆地表面的20%左右，对生态(如生活环境)和经济(如薪柴、木材)具有重要意义(Kutsch等人，2008;Main et al. 2016;Scholes & Walker 1993)。南非的稀树草原生态系统受到诸如干旱、火灾和草食等干扰过程的影响(德鲁斯等人，2008;Scholes & Archer 1997;Stevens et al. 2016)，以及气候变化(如大气二氧化碳增加)或管理行动等人为影响。因此，这些稀树草原在过去几十年里经历了各种变化也就不足为奇了(Buitenwerf et al. 2012;Skowno et al. 2016)。关于国家公园(如克鲁格国家公园[KNP])树木覆盖和地上生物量(AGB)变化的信息对公园管理和保护工作很重要，因为树木覆盖的变化可能对其他生态系统模式和过程产生影响。例如，树木覆盖的增加将导致草和草本生物量的减少(Berger等人，2019年)，这将对食草动物(即偏爱食草动物[Smit & Prins 2015])和火灾制度(即减少火灾频率[Smit等人，2012])产生级联效应。南非的稀树草原生态系统主要以木本植被(如灌木和树木)和具有年度物候周期的草原为特征，由干旱、火灾和草食与管理行动相互作用等生态系统过程形成。因此，监测年际植被结构动态是克鲁格国家公园(KNP)等复杂稀树草原生态系统管理的重要组成部分之一。为了绘制KNP的树木覆盖，利用了欧洲航天局(ESA)哥白尼哨兵1号雷达卫星(c波段垂直-垂直[VV]/垂直-水平[VH]) 2016年和2017年的数据，以10米空间分辨率和每12天重复获取一次。高分辨率光探测和测距(LiDAR)数据集被重新分类，以产生树木覆盖百分比，并随后用于校准和验证。通过拟合随机森林(RF)模型，对不同空间分辨率下的植被覆盖度进行估算。通过空间交叉验证对模型精度进行了评估，结果显示，在空间分辨率为10 m时，产品的总体均方根误差(RMSE)为22.8%，在空间平均分辨率为30 m时为15.8%，在空间平均分辨率为50 m时为14.8%，在空间平均分辨率为100 m时为13.4%。此外，该产品还针对第二组LiDAR数据集进行了验证，确认了模型的空间交叉验证结果。本研究的方法是利用开源软件和开放获取的数据，基于高度估计进行稀树草原植被结构制图，以便在这些类型的生态系统中继续进行木本覆盖分类和变化监测。
{"title":"Woody cover mapping in the savanna ecosystem of the Kruger National Park using Sentinel-1 C-Band time series data","authors":"M. Urban, Kai Heckel, C. Berger, P. Schratz, I. Smit, T. Strydom, J. Baade, C. Schmullius","doi":"10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1621","url":null,"abstract":"Savanna ecosystems are dominated by different densities of grasses and woody plants with inter-annual changes because of dry and wet seasons. They cover half of the African continent and around 20% of the global land surface and are of great significance for ecology (e.g. living environment) and economy (e.g. fuelwood, timber) (Kutsch et al. 2008; Main et al. 2016; Scholes & Walker 1993). The savanna ecosystems of South Africa are shaped by disturbance processes such as droughts, fire and herbivory (Druce et al. 2008; Scholes & Archer 1997; Stevens et al. 2016), as well as anthropogenic impacts like climate change (e.g. increase in atmospheric CO2) or management actions. It is therefore not surprising that these savannas have been undergoing various changes during the last decades (Buitenwerf et al. 2012; Skowno et al. 2016). Information about changes in woody cover and above-ground biomass (AGB) in national parks (e.g. Kruger National Park [KNP]) is important for park management and conservation efforts, as changes in woody cover are likely to have effects on other ecosystem patterns and processes. For example, an increase in woody cover will lead to a reduction in grass and herbaceous biomass (Berger et al. 2019), which will have cascading effects on herbivores (i.e. favouring browsers to grazers [Smit & Prins 2015]) and fire regimes (i.e. reducing fire frequency [Smit et al. 2012]). The savanna ecosystems in South Africa, which are predominantly characterised by woody vegetation (e.g. shrubs and trees) and grasslands with annual phenological cycles, are shaped by ecosystem processes such as droughts, fires and herbivory interacting with management actions. Therefore, monitoring of the intraand inter-annual vegetation structure dynamics is one of the essential components for the management of complex savanna ecosystems such as the Kruger National Park (KNP). To map the woody cover in the KNP, data from European Space Agency’s (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-1 radar satellite (C-Band vertical– vertical [VV]/vertical–horizontal [VH]) for the years 2016 and 2017, at 10 m spatial resolution and repeated acquisitions every 12 days, were utilised. A high-resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data set was reclassified to produce woody cover percentages and consequently used for calibration and validation. Woody cover estimation for different spatial resolutions was carried out by fitting a random forest (RF) model. Model accuracy was assessed via spatial cross-validation and revealed an overall root mean squared error (RMSE) of 22.8% for the product with a spatial resolution of 10 m and improved with spatial averaging to 15.8% for 30 m, 14.8% for 50 m and 13.4% for 100 m. In addition, the product was validated against a second LiDAR data set, confirming the results of the spatial crossvalidation of the model. The methodology of this study is designed for savanna vegetation structure mapping based on height estimates by using open-source software an","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77703973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-22DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1571
B. Akinyemi, A. Mushunje
South Africa’s approach to the conservation of nature was a colonialist method, which was built on the idea that households living in communities adjacent to the protected areas (PAs) should be excluded to ensure optimum protection of plants, animals and the environment (Paterson 2007). However, this exclusionary approach to conservation is gradually giving way to a more inclusive approach to conservation, whereby communities surrounding PAs actively participate in both conservation and the sustainable use of the resources in Pas, which is a hallmark of the modern conservation model (Algotsson 2006; Balint 2007; Fabricius, Koch & Magome 2001; Pelser, Redelinghuys & Velelo 2013). The inclusion of local communities in conservation is important when viewed from the perspective of the effective environmental governance (EG), whereas, their exclusion often makes enforcement of conservation policies extremely difficult (Aswani & Weiant 2004).
{"title":"Community-based ecotourism project in communities adjacent to the Addo Elephant National Park: Will households pay for it?","authors":"B. Akinyemi, A. Mushunje","doi":"10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1571","url":null,"abstract":"South Africa’s approach to the conservation of nature was a colonialist method, which was built on the idea that households living in communities adjacent to the protected areas (PAs) should be excluded to ensure optimum protection of plants, animals and the environment (Paterson 2007). However, this exclusionary approach to conservation is gradually giving way to a more inclusive approach to conservation, whereby communities surrounding PAs actively participate in both conservation and the sustainable use of the resources in Pas, which is a hallmark of the modern conservation model (Algotsson 2006; Balint 2007; Fabricius, Koch & Magome 2001; Pelser, Redelinghuys & Velelo 2013). The inclusion of local communities in conservation is important when viewed from the perspective of the effective environmental governance (EG), whereas, their exclusion often makes enforcement of conservation policies extremely difficult (Aswani & Weiant 2004).","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80142680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-14DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1626
H. Bezuidenhout
On 12 February 2015, the South African Police Services confiscated 39 Encephalartos longifolius plants (Thunberg’s cycad or Zuurberg cycad) and nine Encephalartos lehmannii (Karoo cycad) plants illegally removed from the wild on a farm adjacent to the Darlingtondam section of Addo Elephant National Park (AENP). The confiscated plants were delivered to AENP on Saturday, 14 February 2015 (Figure 1).
{"title":"Assessment results (2015–2018) of re-established poached cycad trees in Addo Elephant National Park, Eastern Cape, South Africa","authors":"H. Bezuidenhout","doi":"10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1626","url":null,"abstract":"On 12 February 2015, the South African Police Services confiscated 39 Encephalartos longifolius plants (Thunberg’s cycad or Zuurberg cycad) and nine Encephalartos lehmannii (Karoo cycad) plants illegally removed from the wild on a farm adjacent to the Darlingtondam section of Addo Elephant National Park (AENP). The confiscated plants were delivered to AENP on Saturday, 14 February 2015 (Figure 1).","PeriodicalId":48892,"journal":{"name":"Koedoe","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82552079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1594
A. Blackmore
Climate change is increasingly being cited as one of the major challenges facing the conservation of biodiversity (Bellard et al. 2012), and with this realisation a greater emphasis is being placed on protected areas and other conserved natural areas (i.e. game farms and ranches) as refugia as well as ‘island habitats’ for wildlife. Although this argument may hold in open systems within which protected areas occur and where, at least, wildlife may freely move beyond the boundary of the conserved area, it may not hold for areas that are fenced, as is predominantly the case in South Africa, in a manner that limits the movement of species responding to climate change. In such circumstances, the recommendation is to physically relocate climate change-displaced species to areas of more suitable habitat, or establish biodiversity or wildlife corridors that are abundant in the scientific literature (Davidson et al. 2012; Di Minin et al. 2013; Groves et al. 2012; Hartter, Goldman & Southworth 2011; Lister et al. 2015; Madden 2008; McDowell 2013; Minteer & Collins 2010; Pittiglio et al. 2014; Sax, Smith & Thompson 2009; Schwartz et al. 2012; Songhurst et al. 2016; Syombua 2013; Treves 2009; Wilke & Rannow 2014). Although this argument is sound from many perspectives, there are a number of social, economic, conservation, legal and practical challenges that may need to be overcome before a species can be either extracted and re-introduced elsewhere, or stable and effective corridors can be established.
气候变化越来越多地被认为是生物多样性保护面临的主要挑战之一(Bellard et al. 2012)，随着这一认识的实现，保护区和其他受保护的自然区域(即狩猎农场和牧场)作为避难所以及野生动物的“岛屿栖息地”受到了更大的重视。尽管这种观点可能适用于有保护区的开放系统，至少在那里，野生动物可以自由地移动到保护区的边界之外，但它可能不适用于围栏区域，就像南非的主要情况一样，在某种程度上限制了物种对气候变化的反应。在这种情况下，建议将因气候变化而流离失所的物种物理迁移到更适合栖息地的地区，或建立科学文献中丰富的生物多样性或野生动物走廊(Davidson et al. 2012;迪敏宁等，2013;Groves et al. 2012;哈特，高盛&索斯沃思2011;Lister et al. 2015;马登2008;麦克道尔2013;Minteer & Collins 2010;Pittiglio et al. 2014;萨克斯，史密斯和汤普森2009;Schwartz et al. 2012;Songhurst et al. 2016;Syombua 2013;特里尔2009;Wilke & Rannow 2014)。尽管这一论点从许多角度来看都是合理的，但在一个物种被提取并重新引入其他地方，或者建立稳定有效的走廊之前，可能需要克服许多社会、经济、保护、法律和实践方面的挑战。
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Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1576
L. Gillson, Anneli Ekblom
Savannas are dynamic and heterogeneous environments with highly variable vegetation that responds to a multitude of interacting drivers. Rainfall, soils, herbivory, fire and land use all effect lan ...
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