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Adsorption isotherms studied on synthesized corn cob-based activated carbon as an adsorbent for removal of methyl orange dye from aqueous solution 合成玉米芯基活性炭作为吸附剂去除水溶液中甲基橙染料的吸附等温线研究
IF 4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-024-05986-4
Md. Anwarul Karim, Md. Najibullah, Shajuyan Ahmed, Sharmin Sultana Dipti, Sayed Mohiuddin Abdus Salam

The synthesized corn-based activated carbon (CCAC) is used as an adsorbent to remove the methyl orange (MO) dye from the dye’s aqueous solution. By using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and comparing the results with activated carbon (AC), the CCAC was shown to have been formed accordingly. Also, analysis of the Zero-point Charge of the CCAC (pHPZC = 5.12), moisture contents (12.5%), ash content (4.56%), pore volume (25%), and surface area (346.2 m2/g). The batch process was used to investigate the effect of different parameters on adsorption such as contact time, initial concentration, temperature, and % of Coke. At 30 min, 99.1% of the MO was removed at room temperature, and at 45 °C 98.4% within 20 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken to see the surface morphology of the CCAC before and after adsorption, and calculated the average particle size of the adsorbent (1.955 µm). The experiment was designed at three different temperatures (25 °C, 35 °C, and 45 °C) to study adsorption isotherms using one-, two-, and three-parameters of adsorption isotherm models, which were fitted using the origin lab program. Among the three different temperatures, considering the R2 value in different adsorption isotherms, the temperature 45 °C condition was well-fitted with all the adsorption isotherms, balancing with other parameters. The better-fitted adsorption isotherms were like—Langmuir > Freundlich > Temkin > Toth > Redlich–Peterson > Dubinin-Radushkevich > Fowler–Guggenheim > Henry’s Isotherm. Analyzing the thermodynamics and kinetics of the adsorption process indicates the adsorption was a spontaneous, exothermic, and pseudo-second-order adsorption process. Therefore, the results of this study reveal that the two-parameter adsorption isotherms (like Langmuir > Freundlich > Temkin) were well fitted for the removal of the MO dye by using the easily available, eco-friendly and cheap agricultural waste- corn cob-based activated carbon which could be a choice as an adsorbent.

合成的玉米基活性炭(CCAC)被用作一种吸附剂,用于去除染料水溶液中的甲基橙(MO)染料。通过使用 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 和傅立叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 分析,并将结果与活性炭 (AC) 进行比较,证明 CCAC 已相应形成。此外,还分析了 CCAC 的零点电荷(pHPZC = 5.12)、水分含量(12.5%)、灰分含量(4.56%)、孔隙率(25%)和表面积(346.2 m2/g)。采用间歇工艺研究了不同参数对吸附的影响,如接触时间、初始浓度、温度和焦炭比例。在室温下,30 分钟内可去除 99.1% 的 MO,而在 45 °C 下,20 分钟内可去除 98.4%。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像显示了吸附前后 CCAC 的表面形态,并计算了吸附剂的平均粒径(1.955 微米)。实验设计了三种不同的温度(25 °C、35 °C、45 °C),使用一参数、二参数和三参数吸附等温线模型研究吸附等温线,并使用 origin lab 程序进行拟合。在三种不同的温度下,考虑到不同吸附等温线的 R2 值,温度为 45 °C 的条件下所有吸附等温线的拟合效果都很好,与其他参数相平衡。拟合较好的吸附等温线有:Langmuir 等温线;Freundlich 等温线;Temkin 等温线;Toth 等温线;Redlich-Peterson 等温线;Dubinin-Radushkevich 等温线;Fowler-Guggenheim 等温线;Henry 等温线。对吸附过程的热力学和动力学分析表明,吸附是一个自发的、放热的、假二阶吸附过程。因此,本研究结果表明,利用易于获得、环保且廉价的农业废弃物--玉米芯基活性炭作为吸附剂,双参数吸附等温线(如 Langmuir > Freundlich > Temkin)非常适合去除 MO 染料。
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引用次数: 0
Conversion of finger millet husk waste as biosilica functional filler for Digitaria ischaemum fibre-epoxy composite: fatigue, creep, and flame retardant behaviour 将小米壳废料转化为生物二氧化硅功能填料,用于地衣纤维-环氧树脂复合材料:疲劳、蠕变和阻燃性能
IF 4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-024-06012-3
S. Vijayaraj, K. Vijayarajan, N.S.Balaji, A. Balaji

This research delves into the fatigue resistance, creep behaviour, and flammability characteristics of epoxy composites toughened with Digitaria ischaemum fibres and finger millet husk biosilica. The main objective of this research study was to extract novel natural fibre and filler from biomass wastes and examine their influence on the load bearing properties of epoxy-based composite. The study begins with synthesis of reinforcements and fabrication of composite plates, inclusion of finger millet husk biosilica of 1, 3, 5 vol.% and fibre of 30 vol.% by hand layup method. The tests were conducted as per American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The evaluation provided critical insights that the influence of fibre and biosilica improved the fatigue resistance. The composite N3 with 3 vol.% biosilica and 30 vol.% of fibre exhibited higher fatigue cycle count of 24,093 for 30% of ultimate tensile stress (UTS). Similarly, creep results elucidate that the N4 composite designation delivers low creep strain about 0.0108, 0.0132, 0.0154, 0.0248, and 0.045 for time intervals of 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000, and 10,000 s, respectively. Moreover, it is noted that the presence of biosilica reduced the flammability of composites. The N4 composite designation exhibits comparatively low flame propagation speed of 6.8 mm/min with V-0 grade. The ANOVA results concluded that the results obtained are significant with a P value of 2.7e − 8. Based on the results the novel cellulose fibre improved the load bearing effect along with biosilica of 3 vol.%. However, beyond 3 vol.% of biosilica reduced the load bearing properties. The findings underscore the potential of these composites as sustainable, durable, and fire-safe alternatives for applications ranging from structural engineering to automotives, drones, and defence sector.

本研究深入探讨了用地衣异茶叶纤维和小米壳生物硅石增韧的环氧树脂复合材料的抗疲劳性、蠕变行为和可燃性特征。这项研究的主要目的是从生物质废物中提取新型天然纤维和填料,并考察它们对环氧基复合材料承载特性的影响。研究首先通过手糊法合成增强材料并制作复合材料板,加入 1、3、5 Vol.% 的小米壳生物二氧化硅和 30 Vol.% 的纤维。测试按照美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)的标准进行。评估结果表明,纤维和生物硅酸的影响提高了抗疲劳性。含有 3 Vol.% 生物二氧化硅和 30 Vol.% 纤维的复合材料 N3 在达到 30% 极限拉伸应力 (UTS) 时的疲劳循环次数高达 24,093 次。同样,蠕变结果表明,N4 复合材料在 2000、4000、6000、8000 和 10000 秒的时间间隔内分别产生了约 0.0108、0.0132、0.0154、0.0248 和 0.045 的低蠕变应变。此外,还注意到生物二氧化硅的存在降低了复合材料的可燃性。与 V-0 级相比,N4 复合材料的火焰传播速度相对较低,为 6.8 mm/min。方差分析结果表明,所得结果具有显著性,P 值为 2.7e - 8。根据结果,新型纤维素纤维与 3 体积%的生物二氧化硅一起提高了承载效果。然而,超过 3 Vol.% 的生物二氧化硅会降低承重性能。这些研究结果突显了这些复合材料作为可持续、耐用和防火安全的替代品在结构工程、汽车、无人机和国防领域的应用潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Utilization of agro-industrial wastes (banana peel): development, characterization, and classification of biodegradable composite pots using PCA approach 农用工业废物(香蕉皮)的利用:利用 PCA 方法对可生物降解复合罐进行开发、表征和分类
IF 4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-024-06014-1
Khalid Bashir, Shumaila Jan, Mehvish Habib, D. C. Saxena, Ayon Tarafdar, Raveendra Sindhu, Vinay Kumar, Kulsum Jan

Traditional plastic contributes significantly to environmental pollution due to their non-biodegradable nature, while banana peels, a common agro-industrial waste, are often discarded without proper utilization. The research envisages to develop an eco-friendly solution by creating biodegradable composite pots from banana peels. Banana peel powder and deoiled rice bran plasticized by cashew nut shell liquid and glycerol into pellets. Pellets were molded into pots using injection molding at suitable temperature and pressure. Processing resulted in significant changes in physical properties of the pot and raw materials. CNSL and biopolymers demonstrated strong physical interaction during the construction of a 3D network of pots. The novelty of the work lies in its innovative integration of waste management and sustainable product development. By employing principal component analysis (PCA) for characterization and classification, the research introduces a sophisticated analytical method to evaluate the properties and performance of the composite material. The pots made from 12% CNSL exhibited better mechanical and physical properties in comparison to pots made from glycerol. However, water binding capacity, porosity, and water solubility index (WSI) were higher in pots containing glycerol. SEM analysis evidenced a homogeneous and smoother surface in pots with CNSL. Pots with 12% GL and 12% CNSL degraded in 17 and 15 weeks, respectively. The study not only advances the application of banana peels in the development of sustainable products but also sets a precedent for the systematic analysis and optimization of biodegradable materials.

传统塑料由于其不可生物降解的特性,极大地加剧了环境污染,而香蕉皮作为一种常见的农用工业废物,常常被丢弃而得不到适当利用。这项研究旨在开发一种生态友好型解决方案,利用香蕉皮制作可生物降解的复合罐。香蕉皮粉末和去油米糠经腰果壳液和甘油塑化成颗粒。在适当的温度和压力下,用注射成型法将颗粒模塑成花盆。加工过程使罐子和原材料的物理性质发生了显著变化。中链氯化石蜡和生物聚合物在构建三维锅网络的过程中表现出强烈的物理相互作用。这项工作的创新之处在于将废物管理和可持续产品开发创新性地结合在一起。通过采用主成分分析(PCA)进行表征和分类,该研究引入了一种复杂的分析方法来评估复合材料的特性和性能。与用甘油制成的花盆相比,用 12% 的氯化石蜡制成的花盆具有更好的机械和物理性能。不过,含甘油的花盆的水结合能力、孔隙率和水溶性指数(WSI)更高。扫描电镜分析表明,含有 CNSL 的花盆表面更均匀、更光滑。含有 12% GL 和 12% CNSL 的花盆分别在 17 周和 15 周内降解。这项研究不仅推动了香蕉皮在可持续产品开发中的应用,还为生物降解材料的系统分析和优化开创了先例。
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引用次数: 0
Extraction and characterization of bioplasticizer from lemon grass (Cymbopogan citratus) oil industry waste: a biomass conversion for cementitious composites applications 从柠檬草(Cymbopogan citratus)石油工业废料中提取生物增塑剂并确定其特性:一种用于水泥基复合材料应用的生物质转化技术
IF 4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-024-05994-4
Indiralekha Suyambulingam, D. Prince Sahaya Sudherson, Sunesh Narayana Perumal, Subash Narayana Perumal

Chemical plasticizers are water-reducing agents used in concrete to minimize the use of water. Most plasticizers are synthetic and have liquid formulations that are equally hazardous. Bio-based sources are abundant in glycols, glycerol, and polyphenols, which, when chemically treated, make them effective plasticizers. This study extracted a solid plasticizer from the lemon grass residue. We applied chemical treatments to the lemongrass residue, which included alkali treatment, the reflux process, flocculation, and purification. We subsequently subjected the obtained solid plasticizer to physiochemical investigation and Fourier transform spectroscopy for characterization. The plasticizer has a low density of 0.982 g/cm3 and an average yield of 35.5%. The X-ray diffraction study revealed that the crystallites measured 15.03 nm in size and had the lowest crystallinity index (45.5%). The scanning electron microscopy study revealed that the plasticizer exhibited a honeycomb structure. The UV analysis of plasticizers reveals active absorption, similar to liquid plasticizers like glycerol and glycols. The glass transition temperature of the plasticizer, 87.67 °C is obtained using differential scanning electron microscopy analysis. The roughness parameters exhibit a clear orientation in the extracted plasticizer. This solid plasticizer was dissolved in water and added as a plasticizer in M30-grade cement concrete, up to 6% by weight of cement. We discovered that adding 6% bioplasticizer to the concrete improved its slump and compressive strength by 1.5% and 5%, respectively. As a result, the characteristics of plasticizers boost their utility in the construction sector.

化学增塑剂是用于混凝土中的减水剂,可最大限度地减少用水量。大多数增塑剂都是合成的,其液体配方同样具有危险性。生物资源中含有丰富的乙二醇、甘油和多酚,经过化学处理后可成为有效的增塑剂。本研究从柠檬草残渣中提取了一种固体增塑剂。我们对柠檬草残渣进行了化学处理,包括碱处理、回流工艺、絮凝和提纯。随后,我们对获得的固体增塑剂进行了物理化学研究和傅立叶变换光谱鉴定。增塑剂的密度较低,为 0.982 克/立方厘米,平均收率为 35.5%。X 射线衍射研究显示,晶体大小为 15.03 纳米,结晶度指数最低(45.5%)。扫描电子显微镜研究表明,增塑剂呈现蜂窝状结构。增塑剂的紫外线分析显示其具有活性吸收,与甘油和乙二醇等液体增塑剂类似。利用差分扫描电子显微镜分析得出增塑剂的玻璃化转变温度为 87.67 °C。粗糙度参数显示,提取的增塑剂具有明显的取向性。将这种固体增塑剂溶解在水中,作为增塑剂添加到 M30 级水泥混凝土中,添加量最高可达水泥重量的 6%。我们发现,在混凝土中添加 6% 的生物增塑剂后,混凝土的坍落度和抗压强度分别提高了 1.5% 和 5%。因此,增塑剂的特性提高了其在建筑领域的实用性。
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引用次数: 0
Waste controls waste: fluoride adsorption behavior and mechanism on modified phosphogypsum biochar 废物控制废物:改性磷石膏生物炭对氟化物的吸附行为和机制
IF 4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-024-05987-3
Ze-bing Zhu, Hai-tao Lai, Ruo-shan Wang, Li-li Shan, Yu Chen, Zhu-ye Ni, Chang-long Pang

The use of green methods for the treatment of industrial waste and waste reuse has become a key environmental issue. In order to achieve this goal, this study uses waste phosphogypsum (PG) as raw material to produce adsorbents for wastewater treatment, achieving green reuse of industrial waste. Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) was used to modify PG to explore the safe and rational utilization of PG. The modified phosphogypsum biochar (MP-BC) was prepared by mixing the modified phosphogypsum (MPG) with pineapple peel in proportion and applied to the removal of fluoride from wastewater. The X-ray fluorescence spectrum and X-ray diffraction pattern indicate that the chemical component of MP-BC is mainly calcium oxide, that is, an appropriate amount of modified PG (MPG) can load calcium oxide on biochar, thereby improving the physical properties of biochar. The MP-BC exhibited 133 mg/g maximum fluoride adsorption capacity, and the adsorption rate of fluoride in actual phosphogypsum leachate by MP-BC can reach 97.23%. Furthermore, chemical precipitation was the primary adsorption mechanism. Also, the MP-BC can effectively promote fluoride ion conversion into calcium fluoride. In summary, this study proposes a method of green utilization of PG, which effectively alleviates PG pollution, promotes the reuse of PG, and realizes the “treating waste with waste” of industrial waste.

使用绿色方法处理工业废物和废物再利用已成为一个关键的环境问题。为实现这一目标,本研究以废弃磷石膏(PG)为原料,生产用于废水处理的吸附剂,实现工业废弃物的绿色再利用。采用碳酸钠(Na2CO3)对磷石膏进行改性,探索磷石膏的安全合理利用。将改性磷石膏(MPG)与菠萝皮按比例混合制备了改性磷石膏生物炭(MP-BC),并将其应用于废水中氟化物的去除。X 射线荧光光谱和 X 射线衍射图谱表明,MP-BC 的化学成分主要是氧化钙,即适量的改性磷石膏(MPG)可以将氧化钙负载在生物炭上,从而改善生物炭的物理性质。MP-BC 对氟化物的最大吸附量为 133 mg/g,MP-BC 对实际磷石膏浸出液中氟化物的吸附率可达 97.23%。此外,化学沉淀是主要的吸附机理。此外,MP-BC 还能有效促进氟离子转化为氟化钙。综上所述,本研究提出了一种绿色利用磷石膏的方法,有效缓解了磷石膏污染,促进了磷石膏的再利用,实现了工业废弃物的 "以废治废"。
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引用次数: 0
Biochar for heavy metal cleanup in soil and water: a review 生物炭用于净化土壤和水中的重金属:综述
IF 4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-024-05989-1
Ponmani Subramanian, Kannan Pandian, Sangavi Pakkiyam, Krishna veni Dhanuskodi, Sivasankar Annamalai, Prabu Padanillay Chidambaram, Mohamed Roshan Abu Firnass Mustaffa

The increasing trend of heavy metals in soil and aquatic ecosystems, driven by urbanization and industrialization advancements, has raised environmental concerns. While various remediation methods exist, they often lack scalability and sustainability. Biochar has emerged as a promising solution due to its eco-friendly nature and multifunctional properties. In particular, engineered biochar, modified to enhance its surface area and functional groups, exhibits superior performance in heavy metal adsorption. Biochar’s diverse morpho-physicochemical features, such as increased surface area and cation exchange capacity, facilitate heavy metal adsorption through various processes. The choice of feedstock materials and modification methods significantly influences biochar’s sorption capacity. Numerous reviews address the toxicity and treatment methods for heavy metals in soil and water. This study aims to advance the research by identifying key challenges and offering insights into engineered biochar production, characteristics, and applications for heavy metal cleanup in soil and water ecosystems. By exploring biochar potential with suitable interventions, we can develop sustainable solutions to mitigate metal toxicity and protect environmental and public health. Further research is necessary to overcome limitations and challenges, addressing research gaps and future directions in utilizing biochar as an eco-friendly, cost-effective technology for heavy metal remediation.

Graphical Abstract

在城市化和工业化进程的推动下,土壤和水生生态系统中的重金属呈上升趋势,引起了人们对环境问题的关注。虽然存在各种修复方法,但它们往往缺乏可扩展性和可持续性。生物炭因其生态友好性和多功能特性,已成为一种前景广阔的解决方案。特别是经过改良的工程生物炭,可提高其表面积和功能基团,在吸附重金属方面表现出卓越的性能。生物炭的形态-物理-化学特性多种多样,如增加表面积和阳离子交换容量,可通过各种工艺促进重金属吸附。原料材料和改性方法的选择对生物炭的吸附能力有很大影响。许多综述涉及土壤和水中重金属的毒性和处理方法。本研究旨在通过确定关键挑战,深入了解工程生物炭的生产、特性以及在土壤和水生态系统中重金属净化的应用,从而推动研究的发展。通过探索生物炭的潜力并采取适当的干预措施,我们可以开发出可持续的解决方案来减轻金属毒性,保护环境和公众健康。有必要开展进一步的研究,以克服局限性和挑战,解决在利用生物炭作为一种生态友好、具有成本效益的重金属修复技术方面存在的研究空白和未来发展方向。
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引用次数: 0
Insights into recent advances in agro-waste derived xylooligosaccharides: production, purification, market, and health benefits 深入了解从农业废弃物中提取的木寡糖的最新进展:生产、提纯、市场和健康益处
IF 4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-024-05993-5
Piyush Verma, Ravinder Kaushik, Ranjna Sirohi

Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are non-digestible oligosaccharides made primarily of xylose units with a high prebiotic potential. XOS display great thermostability (100 °C) and strong acid resistance over a pH range (2–7), making them suitable for gastrointestinal administration given their potential to tolerate gastric acid. XOS improves digestion and nutrient absorption while also providing health advantages by inhibiting the formation of harmful microorganisms. XOS, generated from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) through enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis, have significant prebiotic characteristics and broad applications in medicine, food, and health. The XOS purification has become crucial to their subsequent industrial application. Still, it needs further exploration to lower costs and increase the purity of the XOS-supplemented diet. It benefits host wellness in numerous ways because of its immunomodulatory, growth-regulating, anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, and other bioactive compounds. Collaboration among researchers, industry stakeholders, and policymakers is critical for converting research findings into practical implementations. An academic search engine (Web of Science) was accessed to identify the most relevant literature on the XOS derived from agro-waste. Additional information was obtained from SCOPUS and Google Scholar databases. This review paper explores developments in agro-waste-derived XOS and its potential as an ingredient in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and the agriculture sector. The review also highlights its production and purification methods as well as health benefits. Furthermore, the global market potential of XOS creates a vision for extensive areas of growing impact in the field.

Graphical Abstract

低聚木糖(XOS)是一种主要由木糖单元组成的非消化性低聚糖,具有很高的益生潜力。低聚木糖具有很高的热稳定性(100 °C),在 pH 值(2-7)范围内具有很强的耐酸性,因此可耐受胃酸,适用于胃肠道给药。XOS 可促进消化和营养吸收,同时还能抑制有害微生物的形成,有益健康。通过酶解或化学水解从木质纤维素生物质(LCB)中生成的 XOS 具有显著的益生特性,在医药、食品和健康领域有着广泛的应用。XOS 的纯化已成为其后续工业应用的关键。不过,要降低成本并提高 XOS 膳食补充剂的纯度,还需要进一步探索。由于 XOS 具有免疫调节、生长调节、抗癌、抗菌、抗氧化和其他生物活性化合物的作用,它能以多种方式为宿主的健康带来益处。研究人员、行业利益相关者和政策制定者之间的合作对于将研究成果转化为实际应用至关重要。通过学术搜索引擎(Web of Science),我们找到了与从农业废弃物中提取的 XOS 最相关的文献。其他信息来自 SCOPUS 和 Google Scholar 数据库。本综述论文探讨了从农业废弃物中提取的 XOS 的发展及其作为食品、化妆品、药品和农业部门配料的潜力。综述还重点介绍了其生产和提纯方法以及对健康的益处。此外,XOS 的全球市场潜力也为该领域产生越来越大影响的广泛领域创造了前景。
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引用次数: 0
Feasibility study on optimizing chitosan extraction and characterization from shrimp biowaste via acidic demineralization 通过酸性脱盐从对虾生物废弃物中提取壳聚糖并优化其特性的可行性研究
IF 4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-024-06017-y
Ahmed Hosney, Marius Urbonavičius, Šarūnas Varnagiris, Ilja Ignatjev, Sana Ullah, Karolina Barčauskaitė

Utilizing a large portion of shrimp biowaste into valuable materials such as chitosan is one of the most required actions to sustain shrimp waste and promote green deal targets and circular economy principles in the aquaculture industry. This research aimed to optimize acidic demineralization using various HCl concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10% on chitosan extraction and characterization of morphological and physicochemical properties. Chitosan production with a high deacetylation degree (89.7–93.8%) for all samples was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy compared to commercial chitosan. The ash content, moisture content, and chitosan yield were in the ranges of (0.24–0.89%), (0.26–5.1%), and (15.1–51.3%), respectively. Furthermore, XRD showed that commercial chitosan had a completely amorphous structure. In contrast, the isolated chitosan samples showed a low crystallinity index (3.57–19.58%) due to the formation of natrite (Na2CO3) and thermonatrite (Na2CO3.H2O) as indicated by SEM–EDS. Additionally, this study found that chitosan production can be optimized from white Pacific shrimp shells (Litopenaeus vannamei) with high resemblance to commercial chitosan using the optimal acidic demineralization concentrations of 1–3% hydrochloric acid at room temperature under stabilized conditions of deproteinization and deacetylation processes. Furthermore, future research will focus on optimizing the deproteinization and deacetylation stages of the chemical extraction of chitosan using the optimal demineralization conditions found in the current study. Additionally, utilizing the byproducts of the chemical extraction stages as liquid fertilizers in agriculture develops an integrated industrial sustainable solution for shrimp waste management.

将大量对虾生物废弃物转化为有价值的材料(如壳聚糖),是维持对虾废弃物可持续性、促进水产养殖业绿色交易目标和循环经济原则的最必要行动之一。本研究旨在优化使用不同浓度(1%、2%、3%、4%、5%和 10%)盐酸进行酸性脱盐对壳聚糖提取和形态及理化特性的影响。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱法与商品壳聚糖进行比较,证实所有样品生产的壳聚糖都具有较高的脱乙酰度(89.7%-93.8%)。灰分含量、水分含量和壳聚糖产量分别为(0.24-0.89%)、(0.26-5.1%)和(15.1-51.3%)。此外,XRD 显示商品壳聚糖具有完全无定形的结构。相比之下,分离壳聚糖样品的结晶度指数较低(3.57-19.58%),这是因为扫描电子显微镜-电子显微镜(SEM-EDS)显示形成了天然壳聚糖(Na2CO3)和热壳聚糖(Na2CO3.H2O)。此外,本研究还发现,在稳定的脱蛋白和脱乙酰化工艺条件下,使用室温下 1-3% 盐酸的最佳酸性脱矿浓度,可以优化从白太平洋虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)虾壳中生产壳聚糖的工艺,并使其与商业壳聚糖高度相似。此外,未来的研究将侧重于利用当前研究中发现的最佳脱盐条件,优化壳聚糖化学提取过程中的脱蛋白和脱乙酰化阶段。此外,利用化学提取阶段的副产品作为液体肥料用于农业,可为对虾废弃物管理开发出一种综合的工业可持续解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Performance evaluation of Chlorella sp. BRE5 for augmented biomass and lipid production implementing semi-continuous cultivation strategy 小球藻 BRE5 采用半连续培养策略提高生物量和脂质产量的性能评估
IF 4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-024-06015-0
Nisha Das, Diptymayee Padhi, Shovon Mandal, Vinod Kumar, Manoranjan Nayak

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of indigenous microalga, Chlorella sorokiniana BRE5, for enhanced biomass production by implementing a semi-continuous cultivation strategy (SCCS). The varied start replacement points (SRP) for SCCS were evaluated under optimized renewal rate (RR) and renewal period (RP) for enhanced lipid production. The replaced culture of C. sorokiniana BRE5 with RP of both 2d and 3d with RR of 25% showed an elevated trend in biomass yield. The maximum yield in total biomass and total lipid of 7.27 g L−1 and 1.66 g L−1, respectively, was observed with SRP9 (9th day as SRP) at RP of 2d and RR of 25%. Semi-continuous cultivation with SRP9 shows 4.35 and 3.69 times higher in total biomass and lipid yield, respectively, than batch cultivation mode. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition of C. sorokiniana BRE5 primarily consists of C16:0 (palmitic acid) and C18:1 (oleic acid). The fuel characteristics like high heating value, better oxidative stability, and cetane number met international standards indicating its potential as a biodiesel feedstock. The optimization of SRP in semi-continuous cultivation under optimum RR and RP can be a suitable strategy for biomass and biodiesel production of microalgae.

Graphical Abstract

本研究旨在通过实施半连续培养策略(SCCS),评估本地微藻小球藻(Chlorella sorokiniana BRE5)提高生物量生产的潜力。在优化更新率(RR)和更新周期(RP)的条件下,对 SCCS 的不同起始替换点(SRP)进行了评估,以提高脂质产量。RP 为 2d 和 3d 且 RR 为 25% 的 C. sorokiniana BRE5 替换培养物的生物量产量呈上升趋势。在 SRP9(第 9 天为 SRP)条件下,RP 为 2d,RR 为 25%,总生物量和总脂质的最高产量分别为 7.27 g L-1 和 1.66 g L-1。使用 SRP9 进行半连续培养的总生物量和脂质产量分别是间歇培养模式的 4.35 倍和 3.69 倍。C. sorokiniana BRE5 的脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)组成主要包括 C16:0(棕榈酸)和 C18:1(油酸)。其燃料特性,如较高的热值、较好的氧化稳定性和十六烷值均符合国际标准,表明其具有作为生物柴油原料的潜力。在最佳 RR 和 RP 条件下进行半连续培养,优化 SRP 是微藻生物质和生物柴油生产的合适策略。
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引用次数: 0
Design and development of biomass-fueled convective dryer for marine products: energy, exergy, environmental, and economic (4E) analysis 设计和开发用于海产品的生物质燃料对流干燥器:能源、放能、环境和经济(4E)分析
IF 4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-024-06001-6
P. V. Alfiya, S. Murali, D. S. Aniesrani Delfiya, Manoj P. Samuel

The study aimed to design a biomass-fueled convective dryer and evaluate its performance using anchovy and shrimps. The dryer comprised a biomass furnace, a blower, a drying chamber, stainless steel trays and a chimney. The heat energy for drying was supplied indirectly through ducts by combustion of woody biomass in the furnace. Anchovy had an initial moisture content of 525% dry basis (d.b) and reduced to 17.18% (d.b) within 3.5 h, while the shrimp reached a final moisture content of 18% (d.b) in the same time frame. The logarithmic model was selected as the best fit for anchovy and shrimp drying, with R2 values of 0.9989 and 0.9998, RMSE values of 0.0016 and 0.0021 and chi-square values of 0.00033 and 0.00047, respectively. The effective moisture diffusivity of anchovy and shrimp was found to be 6.01 × 10−7 m2/s and 1.78 × 10−6 m2/s, respectively. The thermal efficiency of anchovy and shrimp was calculated as 21.23% and 24.15%, respectively. The shrinkage (%) and rehydration ratio of shrimp and anchovy were within the acceptable limit. The energy payback period of biomass dyer was estimated to be 0.27 years. The sustainability index and environment destruction coefficient of the biomass dryer were 1.62 and 2.62, respectively. The waste energy ratio, environmental impact factor and improvement potential of the dryer were determined as 0.618, 1.69 and 0.4408, respectively. The study obtained favourable techno-economical feasibility results for biomass drying of shrimp and anchovy indicating that it can be recommended for large-scale drying of marine foods.

Graphical Abstract

该研究旨在设计一种以生物质为燃料的对流干燥器,并利用凤尾鱼和虾对其性能进行评估。干燥机由生物质炉、鼓风机、干燥室、不锈钢托盘和烟囱组成。烘干所需的热能通过炉内燃烧木质生物质的管道间接提供。鳀鱼的初始含水量为 525%(干基),在 3.5 小时内降至 17.18%(干基),而虾的最终含水量在相同时间内达到 18%(干基)。对数模型被认为是最适合鳀鱼和对虾干燥的模型,其 R2 值分别为 0.9989 和 0.9998,RMSE 值分别为 0.0016 和 0.0021,秩方值分别为 0.00033 和 0.00047。凤尾鱼和对虾的有效水分扩散率分别为 6.01 × 10-7 m2/s 和 1.78 × 10-6 m2/s。计算得出凤尾鱼和虾的热效率分别为 21.23% 和 24.15%。虾和凤尾鱼的收缩率(%)和再水化率都在可接受的范围内。生物质烘干机的能源回收期估计为 0.27 年。生物质烘干机的可持续性指数和环境破坏系数分别为 1.62 和 2.62。烘干机的废能比、环境影响因子和改进潜力分别为 0.618、1.69 和 0.4408。该研究为虾和鳀鱼的生物质干燥获得了有利的技术经济可行性结果,表明可推荐用于大规模干燥海洋食品。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
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