A bstract We study entanglement dynamics in toy models of black hole information built out of chaotic many-body quantum systems, by utilising a coarse-grained description of entanglement dynamics in such systems known as the ‘entanglement membrane’. We show that in these models the Page curve associated to the entropy of Hawking radiation arises from a transition in the entanglement membrane around the Page time, in an analogous manner to the change in quantum extremal surfaces that leads to the Page curve in semi-classical gravity. We also use the entanglement membrane prescription to study the Hayden-Preskill protocol, and demonstrate how information initially encoded in the black hole is rapidly transferred to the radiation around the Page time. Our results relate recent developments in black hole information to generic features of entanglement dynamics in chaotic many-body quantum systems.
{"title":"The Page curve from the entanglement membrane","authors":"Mike Blake, Anthony P. Thompson","doi":"10.1007/jhep11(2023)016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep11(2023)016","url":null,"abstract":"A bstract We study entanglement dynamics in toy models of black hole information built out of chaotic many-body quantum systems, by utilising a coarse-grained description of entanglement dynamics in such systems known as the ‘entanglement membrane’. We show that in these models the Page curve associated to the entropy of Hawking radiation arises from a transition in the entanglement membrane around the Page time, in an analogous manner to the change in quantum extremal surfaces that leads to the Page curve in semi-classical gravity. We also use the entanglement membrane prescription to study the Hayden-Preskill protocol, and demonstrate how information initially encoded in the black hole is rapidly transferred to the radiation around the Page time. Our results relate recent developments in black hole information to generic features of entanglement dynamics in chaotic many-body quantum systems.","PeriodicalId":48906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":"9 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A bstract We consider perturbations of 2D CFTs by multiple relevant operators. The massive phases of such perturbations can be labeled by conformal boundary conditions. Cardy’s variational ansatz approximates the vacuum state of the perturbed theory by a smeared conformal boundary state. In this paper we study the limitations and propose generalisations of this ansatz using both analytic and numerical insights based on TCSA. In particular we analyse the stability of Cardy’s ansatz states with respect to boundary relevant perturbations using bulk-boundary OPE coefficients. We show that certain transitions between the massive phases arise from a pair of boundary RG flows. The RG flows start from the conformal boundary on the transition surface and end on those that lie on the two sides of it. As an example we work out the details of the phase diagram for the Ising field theory and for the tricritical Ising model perturbed by the leading thermal and magnetic fields. For the latter we find a pair of novel transition lines that correspond to pairs of RG flows. Although the mass gap remains finite at the transition lines, several one-point functions change their behaviour. We discuss how these lines fit into the standard phase diagram of the tricritical Ising model. We show that each line extends to a two-dimensional surface ξ σ , c in a three coupling space when we add perturbations by the subleading magnetic field. Close to this surface we locate symmetry breaking critical lines leading to the critical Ising model. Near the critical lines we find first order phase transition lines describing two-phase coexistence regions as predicted in Landau theory. The surface ξ σ , c is determined from the CFT data using Cardy’s ansatz and its properties are checked using TCSA numerics.
{"title":"RG boundaries and Cardy’s variational ansatz for multiple perturbations","authors":"Anatoly Konechny","doi":"10.1007/jhep11(2023)004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep11(2023)004","url":null,"abstract":"A bstract We consider perturbations of 2D CFTs by multiple relevant operators. The massive phases of such perturbations can be labeled by conformal boundary conditions. Cardy’s variational ansatz approximates the vacuum state of the perturbed theory by a smeared conformal boundary state. In this paper we study the limitations and propose generalisations of this ansatz using both analytic and numerical insights based on TCSA. In particular we analyse the stability of Cardy’s ansatz states with respect to boundary relevant perturbations using bulk-boundary OPE coefficients. We show that certain transitions between the massive phases arise from a pair of boundary RG flows. The RG flows start from the conformal boundary on the transition surface and end on those that lie on the two sides of it. As an example we work out the details of the phase diagram for the Ising field theory and for the tricritical Ising model perturbed by the leading thermal and magnetic fields. For the latter we find a pair of novel transition lines that correspond to pairs of RG flows. Although the mass gap remains finite at the transition lines, several one-point functions change their behaviour. We discuss how these lines fit into the standard phase diagram of the tricritical Ising model. We show that each line extends to a two-dimensional surface ξ σ , c in a three coupling space when we add perturbations by the subleading magnetic field. Close to this surface we locate symmetry breaking critical lines leading to the critical Ising model. Near the critical lines we find first order phase transition lines describing two-phase coexistence regions as predicted in Landau theory. The surface ξ σ , c is determined from the CFT data using Cardy’s ansatz and its properties are checked using TCSA numerics.","PeriodicalId":48906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":"154 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A bstract The low-energy effective field theory (LEFT) provides the appropriate framework to describe particle interactions below the scale of electroweak symmetry breaking, μ w ~ v . By matching the Standard Model onto the LEFT, non-zero Wilson coefficients of higher-dimensional operators are generated, suppressed by the corresponding power of 1 /v . An axion or axion-like particle (ALP) with mass m a ≪ μ w that interacts with the Standard Model via classically shift-invariant dimension-five operators would also contribute to the LEFT Wilson coefficients, since it can appear as a virtual particle in divergent Green’s functions and thus has an impact on the renormalization of the LEFT operators. We present the full set of one-loop ALP-induced source terms modifying the renormalization-group evolution equations of the LEFT Wilson coefficients up to dimension-six order. Our framework allows for model-independent ALP searches at low energies from current bounds on LEFT Wilson coefficients. As a concrete application, we present an improved prediction for ALP effects on the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon.
低能有效场论(左)为描述电弱对称性破缺μ w ~ v以下的粒子相互作用提供了合适的框架。通过将标准模型与左侧匹配，可以生成高维算子的非零Wilson系数，并由相应的1 /v功率抑制。质量为ma《μ w》的轴子或类轴子粒子(ALP)通过经典的平移不变的五维算子与标准模型相互作用，也会对左威尔逊系数有所贡献，因为它可以在发散的格林函数中表现为虚粒子，从而对左算子的重正化产生影响。我们提出了一套完整的单环alp诱导源项，将左威尔逊系数的重整化群演化方程修改到六维阶。我们的框架允许在低能量下从左威尔逊系数的当前边界进行与模型无关的ALP搜索。作为一个具体应用，我们提出了一种改进的ALP效应对μ子异常磁矩的预测方法。
{"title":"ALP-LEFT Interference and the Muon (g − 2)","authors":"Anne Mareike Galda, Matthias Neubert","doi":"10.1007/jhep11(2023)015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep11(2023)015","url":null,"abstract":"A bstract The low-energy effective field theory (LEFT) provides the appropriate framework to describe particle interactions below the scale of electroweak symmetry breaking, μ w ~ v . By matching the Standard Model onto the LEFT, non-zero Wilson coefficients of higher-dimensional operators are generated, suppressed by the corresponding power of 1 /v . An axion or axion-like particle (ALP) with mass m a ≪ μ w that interacts with the Standard Model via classically shift-invariant dimension-five operators would also contribute to the LEFT Wilson coefficients, since it can appear as a virtual particle in divergent Green’s functions and thus has an impact on the renormalization of the LEFT operators. We present the full set of one-loop ALP-induced source terms modifying the renormalization-group evolution equations of the LEFT Wilson coefficients up to dimension-six order. Our framework allows for model-independent ALP searches at low energies from current bounds on LEFT Wilson coefficients. As a concrete application, we present an improved prediction for ALP effects on the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon.","PeriodicalId":48906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":"36 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A bstract We present and numerically implement a computational method to construct relativistic scattering amplitudes that obey analyticity, crossing, elastic and inelastic unitarity in three and four spacetime dimensions. The algorithm is based on the Mandelstam representation of the amplitude and iterations of unitarity. The input for the iterative procedure is given by the multi-particle double spectral density, the S-wave inelasticity, and the value of the amplitude at the crossing-symmetric point. The output, obtained at the fixed point of the iteration of unitarity, is a nonperturbative scattering amplitude. The amplitudes we obtain exhibit interesting features, such as non-zero particle production, intricate high-energy and near the two-particle threshold behavior. Scattering amplitudes obtained by initializing the iteration process with zero (or small) multi-particle input end up close to saturating the S-matrix bounds derived by other methods. There is a version of the iterative algorithm that is directly related to Feynman diagrams: it effectively re-sums infinitely many two-particle reducible planar Feynman graphs in the ϕ 4 theory, which remarkably produces a unitary nonperturbative scattering amplitude function. Finally, we discuss how the algorithm can be further refined by including multi-particle unitarity.
{"title":"Scattering amplitudes from dispersive iterations of unitarity","authors":"Piotr Tourkine, Alexander Zhiboedov","doi":"10.1007/jhep11(2023)005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep11(2023)005","url":null,"abstract":"A bstract We present and numerically implement a computational method to construct relativistic scattering amplitudes that obey analyticity, crossing, elastic and inelastic unitarity in three and four spacetime dimensions. The algorithm is based on the Mandelstam representation of the amplitude and iterations of unitarity. The input for the iterative procedure is given by the multi-particle double spectral density, the S-wave inelasticity, and the value of the amplitude at the crossing-symmetric point. The output, obtained at the fixed point of the iteration of unitarity, is a nonperturbative scattering amplitude. The amplitudes we obtain exhibit interesting features, such as non-zero particle production, intricate high-energy and near the two-particle threshold behavior. Scattering amplitudes obtained by initializing the iteration process with zero (or small) multi-particle input end up close to saturating the S-matrix bounds derived by other methods. There is a version of the iterative algorithm that is directly related to Feynman diagrams: it effectively re-sums infinitely many two-particle reducible planar Feynman graphs in the ϕ 4 theory, which remarkably produces a unitary nonperturbative scattering amplitude function. Finally, we discuss how the algorithm can be further refined by including multi-particle unitarity.","PeriodicalId":48906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":"12 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135874774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A bstract We generalize the Mellin representation for a generic co-dimension flat defect CFT. We study the analytic structure of the Mellin amplitudes. We also compute Witten diagrams for a generic co-dimension flat defect CFT.
{"title":"A note on defect Mellin amplitudes","authors":"Vasco Goncalves, Georgios Itsios","doi":"10.1007/jhep11(2023)001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep11(2023)001","url":null,"abstract":"A bstract We generalize the Mellin representation for a generic co-dimension flat defect CFT. We study the analytic structure of the Mellin amplitudes. We also compute Witten diagrams for a generic co-dimension flat defect CFT.","PeriodicalId":48906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":"9 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135874935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudio Bonanno, Francesco D’Angelo, Massimo D’Elia
A bstract We compute the chiral condensate of 2 + 1 QCD from the mode number of the staggered Dirac operator, performing controlled extrapolations to both the continuum and the chiral limit. We consider also alternative strategies, based on the quark mass dependence of the topological susceptibility and of the pion mass, and obtain consistent results within errors. Results are also consistent with phenomenological expectations and with previous numerical determinations obtained with different lattice discretizations.
{"title":"The chiral condensate of Nf = 2 + 1 QCD from the spectrum of the staggered Dirac operator","authors":"Claudio Bonanno, Francesco D’Angelo, Massimo D’Elia","doi":"10.1007/jhep11(2023)013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep11(2023)013","url":null,"abstract":"A bstract We compute the chiral condensate of 2 + 1 QCD from the mode number of the staggered Dirac operator, performing controlled extrapolations to both the continuum and the chiral limit. We consider also alternative strategies, based on the quark mass dependence of the topological susceptibility and of the pion mass, and obtain consistent results within errors. Results are also consistent with phenomenological expectations and with previous numerical determinations obtained with different lattice discretizations.","PeriodicalId":48906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":"242 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A bstract Gravitational effective theories associated with holographic CFTs have cosmological solutions, which are typically big-bang/big-crunch cosmologies. These solutions are not asymptotically AdS, so they are not dual to finite-energy states of the CFT. However, we can find solutions with arbitrarily large spherical bubbles of such cosmologies embedded in asymptotically AdS spacetimes where the exterior of the bubble is Schwarzschild-AdS. In this paper, we explore such solutions and their possible CFT dual descriptions. Starting with a cosmological solution with Λ < 0 plus arbitrary matter density, radiation density, and spatial curvature, we show that a comoving bubble of arbitrary size can be embedded in a geometry with AdS-Schwarzschild exterior across a thin-shell domain wall comprised of pressureless matter. We show that in most cases (in particular, for arbitrarily large bubbles with an arbitrarily small negative spatial curvature) the entropy of the black hole exceeds the (radiation) entropy in the cosmological bubble, suggesting that a faithful CFT description is possible. We show that unlike the case of a de Sitter bubble, the Euclidean continuation of these cosmological solutions is sensible and suggests a specific construction of CFT states dual to the cosmological solutions via Euclidean path integral.
{"title":"Bubbles of cosmology in AdS/CFT","authors":"Abhisek Sahu, Petar Simidzija, Mark Van Raamsdonk","doi":"10.1007/jhep11(2023)010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep11(2023)010","url":null,"abstract":"A bstract Gravitational effective theories associated with holographic CFTs have cosmological solutions, which are typically big-bang/big-crunch cosmologies. These solutions are not asymptotically AdS, so they are not dual to finite-energy states of the CFT. However, we can find solutions with arbitrarily large spherical bubbles of such cosmologies embedded in asymptotically AdS spacetimes where the exterior of the bubble is Schwarzschild-AdS. In this paper, we explore such solutions and their possible CFT dual descriptions. Starting with a cosmological solution with Λ < 0 plus arbitrary matter density, radiation density, and spatial curvature, we show that a comoving bubble of arbitrary size can be embedded in a geometry with AdS-Schwarzschild exterior across a thin-shell domain wall comprised of pressureless matter. We show that in most cases (in particular, for arbitrarily large bubbles with an arbitrarily small negative spatial curvature) the entropy of the black hole exceeds the (radiation) entropy in the cosmological bubble, suggesting that a faithful CFT description is possible. We show that unlike the case of a de Sitter bubble, the Euclidean continuation of these cosmological solutions is sensible and suggests a specific construction of CFT states dual to the cosmological solutions via Euclidean path integral.","PeriodicalId":48906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":"224 S2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Flacke, Jeong Han Kim, Manuel Kunkel, Pyungwon Ko, Jun Seung Pi, Werner Porod, Leonard Schwarze
A bstract We propose a deep learning-based search strategy for pair production of doubly charged scalars undergoing three-body decays to $$ {W}^{+}toverline{b} $$ W+tb¯ in the same-sign lepton plus multi-jet final state. This process is motivated by composite Higgs models with an underlying fermionic UV theory. We demonstrate that for such busy final states, jet image classification with convolutional neural networks outperforms standard fully connected networks acting on reconstructed kinematic variables. We derive the expected discovery reach and exclusion limit at the high-luminosity LHC.
我们提出了一种基于深度学习的搜索策略，用于在同符号轻子加多射流最终状态下经历三体衰变到$$ {W}^{+}toverline{b} $$ W + t b¯的双带电标量的对生成。这个过程是由复合希格斯模型和一个潜在的费米子紫外理论驱动的。我们证明，对于如此繁忙的最终状态，卷积神经网络的射流图像分类优于作用于重构运动变量的标准全连接网络。推导了高亮度LHC的预期发现范围和排除极限。
{"title":"Uncovering doubly charged scalars with dominant three-body decays using machine learning","authors":"Thomas Flacke, Jeong Han Kim, Manuel Kunkel, Pyungwon Ko, Jun Seung Pi, Werner Porod, Leonard Schwarze","doi":"10.1007/jhep11(2023)009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep11(2023)009","url":null,"abstract":"A bstract We propose a deep learning-based search strategy for pair production of doubly charged scalars undergoing three-body decays to $$ {W}^{+}toverline{b} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> in the same-sign lepton plus multi-jet final state. This process is motivated by composite Higgs models with an underlying fermionic UV theory. We demonstrate that for such busy final states, jet image classification with convolutional neural networks outperforms standard fully connected networks acting on reconstructed kinematic variables. We derive the expected discovery reach and exclusion limit at the high-luminosity LHC.","PeriodicalId":48906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":"8 23","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A bstract The CMS experiment at CERN has reported a possible signal for a resonance at 146 GeV decaying into the eμ final state which, presently, is the only experimental hint for lepton flavour violation in any low- and high-energy experiment. The Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism naturally predicts the existence of new scalars, the flavons, with flavour off-diagonal couplings. We study this framework in the context of the CMS result and find that the minimal, purely leptophilic model is too restricted to match the claimed signal. Thereafter we show how models with additional flavon couplings to quarks can explain the claimed signal while satisfying all the existing constraints on lepton flavour violation.
{"title":"Production and decays of 146 GeV flavons into eμ final state at the LHC","authors":"Niko Koivunen, Martti Raidal","doi":"10.1007/jhep11(2023)014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep11(2023)014","url":null,"abstract":"A bstract The CMS experiment at CERN has reported a possible signal for a resonance at 146 GeV decaying into the eμ final state which, presently, is the only experimental hint for lepton flavour violation in any low- and high-energy experiment. The Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism naturally predicts the existence of new scalars, the flavons, with flavour off-diagonal couplings. We study this framework in the context of the CMS result and find that the minimal, purely leptophilic model is too restricted to match the claimed signal. Thereafter we show how models with additional flavon couplings to quarks can explain the claimed signal while satisfying all the existing constraints on lepton flavour violation.","PeriodicalId":48906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135976039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A bstract We construct a Lorentz invariant massive particle model in (2+1) space-time with an enlarged set of symmetries which includes Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) translations (supertranslations), using the non-linear realization framework. The Hamiltonian formalism for the resulting Lagrangian is constructed, and the infinite phase-space constraints and the set of gauge transformations are analysed. We also compute the massless limit of the theory in phase-space. After eliminating the gauge degrees of freedom, the physical reduced space is left only with the degrees of freedom of a standard Poincaré particle but with a residual set of symmetries that we prove to be BMS. A similar result for the massless limit, including in this case superrotations, is pointed out.
{"title":"Particle realization of Bondi-Metzner-Sachs symmetry in 2 + 1 space-time","authors":"Carles Batlle, Víctor Campello, Joaquim Gomis","doi":"10.1007/jhep11(2023)011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep11(2023)011","url":null,"abstract":"A bstract We construct a Lorentz invariant massive particle model in (2+1) space-time with an enlarged set of symmetries which includes Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) translations (supertranslations), using the non-linear realization framework. The Hamiltonian formalism for the resulting Lagrangian is constructed, and the infinite phase-space constraints and the set of gauge transformations are analysed. We also compute the massless limit of the theory in phase-space. After eliminating the gauge degrees of freedom, the physical reduced space is left only with the degrees of freedom of a standard Poincaré particle but with a residual set of symmetries that we prove to be BMS. A similar result for the massless limit, including in this case superrotations, is pointed out.","PeriodicalId":48906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":"224 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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