Sarcopenia, a significant geriatric syndrome, faces challenges in accurate diagnosis due to limitations of current imaging techniques. This study explores the novel application of multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) in evaluating sarcopenia, focusing on quantifying oxygen dynamics and collagen distribution in skeletal muscles.
Methods
We conducted MSOT imaging on the lower limbs of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8; n = 14) and senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1; n = 8) models, using light wavelengths of 760, 840 and 930 nm. CT, histopathology and immunofluorescence were used for cross-validation.
Results
Label-free MSOT imaging directly visualized muscle structure and metabolism with high spatiotemporal resolution. Compared to SAMR1 controls, sarcopenic SAMP8 mice demonstrated 23.8% lower HbO2 levels (SAMP8: 0.0016 ± 0.0003 a.u. vs. SAMR1: 0.0021 ± 0.0005 a.u.; p = 0.018) and reduced metabolic activity in skeletal muscles. SAMP8 mice also revealed 43.2% higher collagen content (SAMP8: 3.451 ± 1.159 a.u. vs. SAMR1: 2.409 ± 0.635 a.u.; p = 0.030) alongside more disordered muscle structure, suggesting increased fibrosis. An inverse correlation was observed between computed tomography (CT) values and MSOT-derived collagen signals (r = −0.789, p < 0.001), whereas no such correlation existed with HbO2, indicating that MSOT provides unique metabolic insights beyond traditional imaging techniques.
Conclusions
This first application of MSOT in sarcopenia research highlights its potential as a noninvasive, real-time tool for early diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation and mechanistic understanding. Its ability to detect metabolic changes not captured by CT underscores its complementary role in comprehensive muscle assessment. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies and clinical translation.
背景：骨骼肌减少症是一种重要的老年综合征，由于当前影像学技术的限制，在准确诊断方面面临挑战。本研究探讨了多光谱光声断层扫描（MSOT）在评估骨骼肌减少症中的新应用，重点是量化骨骼肌中的氧动力学和胶原分布。方法：采用760、840、930 nm波长对衰老加速小鼠俯伏8 （SAMP8, n = 14）和衰老加速小鼠抗衰老1 （SAMR1, n = 8）模型下肢进行MSOT成像。采用CT、组织病理学和免疫荧光交叉验证。结果：无标签MSOT成像以高时空分辨率直接显示肌肉结构和代谢。与SAMR1对照组相比，肌肉减少的SAMP8小鼠HbO2水平降低23.8% （SAMP8: 0.0016±0.0003 au）。vs SAMR1: 0.0021±0.0005 a.u；P = 0.018)，骨骼肌代谢活性降低。SAMP8小鼠胶原蛋白含量提高43.2% （SAMP8: 3.451±1.159 a.u）。vs SAMR1: 2.409±0.635 a.u；P = 0.030)，肌肉结构紊乱，表明纤维化增加。计算机断层扫描（CT）值与MSOT衍生的胶原蛋白信号呈负相关（r = -0.789, p 2），表明MSOT提供了超越传统成像技术的独特代谢见解。结论：这是MSOT在肌肉减少症研究中的首次应用，突出了其作为一种无创、实时的早期诊断、治疗评估和机制理解工具的潜力。其检测未被CT捕获的代谢变化的能力强调了其在全面肌肉评估中的补充作用。未来的研究应着重于纵向研究和临床转化。
{"title":"Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography of Skeletal Muscle Unveils Microcirculation and Oxygen Metabolism Alterations in Sarcopenia","authors":"Ying Yang, Dan Wu, Yunqing Xv, Yonghua Xie, Xinsheng Wang, Yuanyuan Bi, Jing Zhang, Yun Wu, Yanting Wen, Shixie Jiang, Yiran Zhang, Tangming Peng, Zheng Li, Jiehao Chen, Xiaoyan Chen, Binglong Wang, Shanping Chen, Ming Yang, Huabei Jiang","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70088","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia, a significant geriatric syndrome, faces challenges in accurate diagnosis due to limitations of current imaging techniques. This study explores the novel application of multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) in evaluating sarcopenia, focusing on quantifying oxygen dynamics and collagen distribution in skeletal muscles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted MSOT imaging on the lower limbs of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8; <i>n</i> = 14) and senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1; <i>n</i> = 8) models, using light wavelengths of 760, 840 and 930 nm. CT, histopathology and immunofluorescence were used for cross-validation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Label-free MSOT imaging directly visualized muscle structure and metabolism with high spatiotemporal resolution. Compared to SAMR1 controls, sarcopenic SAMP8 mice demonstrated 23.8% lower HbO<sub>2</sub> levels (SAMP8: 0.0016 ± 0.0003 a.u. vs. SAMR1: 0.0021 ± 0.0005 a.u.; <i>p</i> = 0.018) and reduced metabolic activity in skeletal muscles. SAMP8 mice also revealed 43.2% higher collagen content (SAMP8: 3.451 ± 1.159 a.u. vs. SAMR1: 2.409 ± 0.635 a.u.; <i>p</i> = 0.030) alongside more disordered muscle structure, suggesting increased fibrosis. An inverse correlation was observed between computed tomography (CT) values and MSOT-derived collagen signals (<i>r</i> = −0.789, <i>p</i> < 0.001), whereas no such correlation existed with HbO<sub>2</sub>, indicating that MSOT provides unique metabolic insights beyond traditional imaging techniques.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This first application of MSOT in sarcopenia research highlights its potential as a noninvasive, real-time tool for early diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation and mechanistic understanding. Its ability to detect metabolic changes not captured by CT underscores its complementary role in comprehensive muscle assessment. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies and clinical translation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12538309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145336040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonio García-Hermoso, Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Ignacio Hormazábal-Aguayo, Jacinto Muñoz-Pardeza, Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno, Juan Hurtado-Almonacid, Yasmin Ezzatvar
Background
Muscular fitness, particularly handgrip strength, is increasingly recognized as a robust marker of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in children and adolescents. However, evidence-based diagnostic thresholds for identifying at-risk individuals remain scarce, particularly in children. This study aimed to (1) establish sex-specific diagnostic thresholds for handgrip strength normalized to body weight to identify elevated CMR in children aged 8–11 years, and (2) synthesize existing evidence through a systematic review and meta-analysis across pediatric age groups, integrating the new data with existing evidence.
Methods
We analyzed cross-sectional data from 1124 Spanish children (49.7% girls) aged 8–11 years participating in the MOVI-2 study. Normalized handgrip strength was associated with a CMR index composed of waist circumference, triglyceride-to-HDL ratio, mean arterial pressure and fasting insulin. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves and optimized with the Youden Index. Results from the MOVI-2 study and other diagnostic accuracy studies were combined in a meta-analysis for identifying the optimal threshold for normalized handgrip strength to identify elevated CMR in youth.
Results
In the MOVI-2 study, thresholds were 0.38 for boys and 0.34 for girls, with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.73–0.81) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.70–0.79), respectively. The systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA-DTA guidelines and included nine additional studies (n = 10 588). Meta-analytic thresholds for normalized handgrip strength were 0.30 for girls and 0.39 for boys in childhood (6–12 years), and 0.36 for girls and 0.42 for boys in adolescence (13–18 years), with the highest diagnostic accuracy observed in adolescent girls (AUC = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.77–0.83; Youden Index = 0.60). Children showed greater heterogeneity, particularly in specificity.
Conclusions
Despite certain limitations, our findings provide clinically relevant, sex- and age-specific thresholds for normalized handgrip strength to identify elevated CMR in youth. These thresholds may serve as a valuable starting point for CMR screening in both boys and girls.
{"title":"Handgrip Strength Thresholds to Detect Cardiometabolic Risk in Youth: Cross-Sectional Study and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Antonio García-Hermoso, Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Ignacio Hormazábal-Aguayo, Jacinto Muñoz-Pardeza, Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno, Juan Hurtado-Almonacid, Yasmin Ezzatvar","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Muscular fitness, particularly handgrip strength, is increasingly recognized as a robust marker of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in children and adolescents. However, evidence-based diagnostic thresholds for identifying at-risk individuals remain scarce, particularly in children. This study aimed to (1) establish sex-specific diagnostic thresholds for handgrip strength normalized to body weight to identify elevated CMR in children aged 8–11 years, and (2) synthesize existing evidence through a systematic review and meta-analysis across pediatric age groups, integrating the new data with existing evidence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed cross-sectional data from 1124 Spanish children (49.7% girls) aged 8–11 years participating in the MOVI-2 study. Normalized handgrip strength was associated with a CMR index composed of waist circumference, triglyceride-to-HDL ratio, mean arterial pressure and fasting insulin. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves and optimized with the Youden Index. Results from the MOVI-2 study and other diagnostic accuracy studies were combined in a meta-analysis for identifying the optimal threshold for normalized handgrip strength to identify elevated CMR in youth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the MOVI-2 study, thresholds were 0.38 for boys and 0.34 for girls, with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.73–0.81) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.70–0.79), respectively. The systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA-DTA guidelines and included nine additional studies (<i>n</i> = 10 588). Meta-analytic thresholds for normalized handgrip strength were 0.30 for girls and 0.39 for boys in childhood (6–12 years), and 0.36 for girls and 0.42 for boys in adolescence (13–18 years), with the highest diagnostic accuracy observed in adolescent girls (AUC = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.77–0.83; Youden Index = 0.60). Children showed greater heterogeneity, particularly in specificity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite certain limitations, our findings provide clinically relevant, sex- and age-specific thresholds for normalized handgrip strength to identify elevated CMR in youth. These thresholds may serve as a valuable starting point for CMR screening in both boys and girls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.70091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145317802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yeon Wook Kim, Kyeong Im Kwak, A-Reum Choi, Eung Joo Park, Brian J. Lee, Yeon Joo Lee, Choon-Taek Lee
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Physical activity (PA) is important for improving life expectancy and is suggested as a prognostic factor for various diseases. However, the association between PA and mortality outcomes in survivors of lung cancer remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association of PA levels, including changes before and after diagnosis, with mortality outcomes among survivors of lung cancer.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We conducted a nationwide cohort study involving 23 257 individuals diagnosed with lung cancer between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2016, who attended the National Health Screening Program within 2 years before and after diagnosis. Pre- and postdiagnosis leisure-time PA levels and changes in PA were assessed using self-administered questionnaires. Individuals who reported engaging in moderate-intensity exercise ≥ 5 days/week or vigorous-intensity exercise ≥ 3 days/week were classified as physically active. The amount of PA was calculated as the metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-min/week for each individual. All participants were followed from the date of diagnosis to 31 December 2022, for the outcome of mortality.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>During the follow-up period of 165 344.0 person-years, 9094 deaths occurred (6633 lung cancer-specific and 2461 non–lung cancer deaths). Multivariable analyses revealed that both pre- and postdiagnosis PA were associated with significantly reduced risk of all-cause (aHR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.88–0.97 for prediagnosis and aHR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.81–0.89 for postdiagnosis) and lung cancer-specific (aHR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.88–0.99 for prediagnosis and aHR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.84–0.94 for postdiagnosis) mortality compared with inactivity. Significant dose–response relationships were observed between PA levels and mortality risk reduction. Compared with individuals who were consistently inactive before and after diagnosis, significant mortality risk reduction was seen in those who maintained PA (aHR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.71–0.83 for all-cause and aHR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.75–0.89 for lung cancer-specific mortality) and those who promoted PA after lung cancer diagnosis (aHR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.85–0.96 for all-cause and aHR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.88–1.00 for lung cancer-specific mortality). However, individuals who were active before diagnosis but became inactive after diagnosis showed no significant difference in survival outcomes compared with those who were consistently inactive.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>Bo
{"title":"Association of Pre- and Postdiagnosis Physical Activity, Promotion and Maintenance With Lung Cancer Survival: A Nationwide Cohort Study","authors":"Yeon Wook Kim, Kyeong Im Kwak, A-Reum Choi, Eung Joo Park, Brian J. Lee, Yeon Joo Lee, Choon-Taek Lee","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70092","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Physical activity (PA) is important for improving life expectancy and is suggested as a prognostic factor for various diseases. However, the association between PA and mortality outcomes in survivors of lung cancer remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association of PA levels, including changes before and after diagnosis, with mortality outcomes among survivors of lung cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a nationwide cohort study involving 23 257 individuals diagnosed with lung cancer between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2016, who attended the National Health Screening Program within 2 years before and after diagnosis. Pre- and postdiagnosis leisure-time PA levels and changes in PA were assessed using self-administered questionnaires. Individuals who reported engaging in moderate-intensity exercise ≥ 5 days/week or vigorous-intensity exercise ≥ 3 days/week were classified as physically active. The amount of PA was calculated as the metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-min/week for each individual. All participants were followed from the date of diagnosis to 31 December 2022, for the outcome of mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the follow-up period of 165 344.0 person-years, 9094 deaths occurred (6633 lung cancer-specific and 2461 non–lung cancer deaths). Multivariable analyses revealed that both pre- and postdiagnosis PA were associated with significantly reduced risk of all-cause (aHR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.88–0.97 for prediagnosis and aHR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.81–0.89 for postdiagnosis) and lung cancer-specific (aHR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.88–0.99 for prediagnosis and aHR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.84–0.94 for postdiagnosis) mortality compared with inactivity. Significant dose–response relationships were observed between PA levels and mortality risk reduction. Compared with individuals who were consistently inactive before and after diagnosis, significant mortality risk reduction was seen in those who maintained PA (aHR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.71–0.83 for all-cause and aHR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.75–0.89 for lung cancer-specific mortality) and those who promoted PA after lung cancer diagnosis (aHR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.85–0.96 for all-cause and aHR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.88–1.00 for lung cancer-specific mortality). However, individuals who were active before diagnosis but became inactive after diagnosis showed no significant difference in survival outcomes compared with those who were consistently inactive.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bo","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.70092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145306078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth Benz, Alexandre Pinel, Christelle Guillet, Frederic Capel, Bruno Pereira, Dimitris Rizopoulos, Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft, Doris Eglseer, Eva Topinkova, Rocco Barazzoni, Lorenzo M. Donini, Fernando Rivadeneira, Marinka Steur, Trudy Voortman, Peter J. M. Weijs, Josje D. Schoufour, Yves Boirie
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a clinical condition defined by the coexistence of high body fat mass and low muscle function and mass, which increases the risk of adverse health outcomes, including disability and mortality. Early detection and frequent monitoring of SO are essential for preventive interventions and management strategies. The current binary approach for SO diagnosis is limited in capturing the spectrum of SO or its progression over time. The main objective of this study was to develop a continuous SOP<i>i</i> that integrates diagnostic criteria such as muscle function and body composition. We aimed to evaluate the association between SOP<i>i</i> and all-cause mortality, to identify baseline-related factors with SOP<i>i</i> and to assess changes in the SOP<i>i</i> over time.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Participants from the Rotterdam Study with baseline and follow-up measures of handgrip strength (HGS), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-measured appendicular lean mass index (ALM/kg) and body fat percentage (BF%) were included. SOP<i>i</i> was calculated as a sex-specific equation integrating z-scores (Z) of (BF%)—(HGS)—(ALM/kg). Cox regression and multivariable linear regression models were fitted to evaluate mortality risk and associated factors with SOP<i>i</i>, respectively. Subgroup analysis of SOP<i>i</i> changes was performed by linear mixed-effects models.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>In the total population (<i>n</i> = 5888, age 69.5 ± 9.1 years, BMI 27.5 ± 4.3 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 56.8% females) and over the 9.9-year median follow-up period, 1538 (26.1%) participants died. Each standard deviation (SD) increase in sex-specific SOP<i>i</i> was associated with a 10% higher risk of premature death (HR = 1.10 [95%CI: 1.07; 1.13]). Thirteen factors were associated with high SOP<i>i</i>, such as reduced physical activity, higher triglyceride-glucose index, HOMA-IR, systemic inflammation, osteopenia, hypertension, liver steatosis, asthma, coronary heart disease, oral corticosteroid use, lower protein intake, lower quality of life and lower educational status.</p> <p>In participants with obesity, lower physical activity and/or insulin resistance (<i>n</i> = 1682), a significantly higher and faster increase in SOP<i>i</i> was observed compared to participants without these factors (males: β = 2.63 [95%CI: 2.22; 3.03]; females: β = 2.90 [95%CI: 2.58; 3.23]).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>SOP<i>i</i> is a significant pred
{"title":"Sarcopenic Obesity Phenotype Index (SOPi): A Population-Based Study","authors":"Elizabeth Benz, Alexandre Pinel, Christelle Guillet, Frederic Capel, Bruno Pereira, Dimitris Rizopoulos, Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft, Doris Eglseer, Eva Topinkova, Rocco Barazzoni, Lorenzo M. Donini, Fernando Rivadeneira, Marinka Steur, Trudy Voortman, Peter J. M. Weijs, Josje D. Schoufour, Yves Boirie","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70099","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a clinical condition defined by the coexistence of high body fat mass and low muscle function and mass, which increases the risk of adverse health outcomes, including disability and mortality. Early detection and frequent monitoring of SO are essential for preventive interventions and management strategies. The current binary approach for SO diagnosis is limited in capturing the spectrum of SO or its progression over time. The main objective of this study was to develop a continuous SOP<i>i</i> that integrates diagnostic criteria such as muscle function and body composition. We aimed to evaluate the association between SOP<i>i</i> and all-cause mortality, to identify baseline-related factors with SOP<i>i</i> and to assess changes in the SOP<i>i</i> over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants from the Rotterdam Study with baseline and follow-up measures of handgrip strength (HGS), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-measured appendicular lean mass index (ALM/kg) and body fat percentage (BF%) were included. SOP<i>i</i> was calculated as a sex-specific equation integrating z-scores (Z) of (BF%)—(HGS)—(ALM/kg). Cox regression and multivariable linear regression models were fitted to evaluate mortality risk and associated factors with SOP<i>i</i>, respectively. Subgroup analysis of SOP<i>i</i> changes was performed by linear mixed-effects models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the total population (<i>n</i> = 5888, age 69.5 ± 9.1 years, BMI 27.5 ± 4.3 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 56.8% females) and over the 9.9-year median follow-up period, 1538 (26.1%) participants died. Each standard deviation (SD) increase in sex-specific SOP<i>i</i> was associated with a 10% higher risk of premature death (HR = 1.10 [95%CI: 1.07; 1.13]). Thirteen factors were associated with high SOP<i>i</i>, such as reduced physical activity, higher triglyceride-glucose index, HOMA-IR, systemic inflammation, osteopenia, hypertension, liver steatosis, asthma, coronary heart disease, oral corticosteroid use, lower protein intake, lower quality of life and lower educational status.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In participants with obesity, lower physical activity and/or insulin resistance (<i>n</i> = 1682), a significantly higher and faster increase in SOP<i>i</i> was observed compared to participants without these factors (males: β = 2.63 [95%CI: 2.22; 3.03]; females: β = 2.90 [95%CI: 2.58; 3.23]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SOP<i>i</i> is a significant pred","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.70099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Skeletal muscle mass is regulated by secretory factors derived from myofibers and muscle-resident cells. Identifying these factors and understanding their mechanisms is critical for combating muscle wasting disorders. This experimental study investigates the role of CXCL14, a chemokine primarily secreted by fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) residing in muscle, in regulating muscle mass.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>This study was conducted at the Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), South Korea, between August 2020 and June 2025. Mouse C2C12 myotubes and primary human myotubes were treated with recombinant CXCL14, with or without co-treatment using <i>Rps6kb1</i> siRNA, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or dexamethasone (DEX). Myotube mass index (MMI) was measured. Expression of AKT-S6 kinase (S6K), FOXO-Atrogin-1/MuRF-1 signalling components and myosin heavy chains (MyHCs) was assessed via Western blotting. Eight-week-old male mice were used: ICR mice for electroporation experiments and C57BL/6N strain for LPS and DEX atrophy models. <i>Cxcl14</i> expression plasmids were electroporated into tibialis anterior (TA) muscles, with or without LPS or DEX treatment. Cross-sectional area (CSA) of myofibers was measured; Western blotting and RNA sequencing were used to analyse molecular responses. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test, repeated-measures ANOVA with Dunnett's post hoc test, Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn's post hoc test and unpaired Student's <i>t</i>-test, as appropriate.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>CXCL14 induced hypertrophy in C2C12-derived myotubes: (MMI [μm<sup>2</sup>]: 100 ng/mL CXCL14, 1345 ± 50.97 [95% CI: 1237–1453], vs. control, 897.9 ± 33.33 [95% CI: 829.8–996], <i>p ≤</i> 0.0001). <i>Cxcl14</i> overexpression in mouse TA muscles significantly increased muscle mass: (CSA [μm<sup>2</sup>]: HA-CXCL14: 1408 ± 15.42 [95% CI: 1378–1438]; CXCL14-Myc: 1499 ± 17.18 [95% CI: 1464–1534]; control: 870.1 ± 11.25 [95% CI: 848.1–892.2], <i>p ≤</i> 0.0001). CXCL14 activated the AKT-S6K pathway and inhibited the FOXO-Atrogin-1/MuRF-1 pathway in both in vitro and in vivo models. CXCL14 effectively reversed LPS- and DEX-induced atrophy in both C2C12 myotubes and TA muscles, as demonstrated by corresponding increases MMI and CSA (all <i>p</i> ≤ 0.0001). CXCL14 also promoted hypertrophy in primary human myotubes in vitro (MMI [μm<sup>2</sup>]: 100 ng/mL CXCL14, 3481 ± 242.6 [95% CI: 2973–3989] vs. control, 2549 ± 114.7 [95% CI: 2310–2787], <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) and significantly reversed atrophy induced by LPS and DEX (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01 to <
{"title":"CXCL14 Promotes Skeletal Muscle Mass Growth and Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide- and Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy in Cultured Myotubes and Mouse Models","authors":"Bagus Sarmito, Younjeong Oh, Nurkyz Alymkulova, Jeong Kyo Yoon","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70087","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Skeletal muscle mass is regulated by secretory factors derived from myofibers and muscle-resident cells. Identifying these factors and understanding their mechanisms is critical for combating muscle wasting disorders. This experimental study investigates the role of CXCL14, a chemokine primarily secreted by fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) residing in muscle, in regulating muscle mass.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was conducted at the Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), South Korea, between August 2020 and June 2025. Mouse C2C12 myotubes and primary human myotubes were treated with recombinant CXCL14, with or without co-treatment using <i>Rps6kb1</i> siRNA, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or dexamethasone (DEX). Myotube mass index (MMI) was measured. Expression of AKT-S6 kinase (S6K), FOXO-Atrogin-1/MuRF-1 signalling components and myosin heavy chains (MyHCs) was assessed via Western blotting. Eight-week-old male mice were used: ICR mice for electroporation experiments and C57BL/6N strain for LPS and DEX atrophy models. <i>Cxcl14</i> expression plasmids were electroporated into tibialis anterior (TA) muscles, with or without LPS or DEX treatment. Cross-sectional area (CSA) of myofibers was measured; Western blotting and RNA sequencing were used to analyse molecular responses. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test, repeated-measures ANOVA with Dunnett's post hoc test, Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn's post hoc test and unpaired Student's <i>t</i>-test, as appropriate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CXCL14 induced hypertrophy in C2C12-derived myotubes: (MMI [μm<sup>2</sup>]: 100 ng/mL CXCL14, 1345 ± 50.97 [95% CI: 1237–1453], vs. control, 897.9 ± 33.33 [95% CI: 829.8–996], <i>p ≤</i> 0.0001). <i>Cxcl14</i> overexpression in mouse TA muscles significantly increased muscle mass: (CSA [μm<sup>2</sup>]: HA-CXCL14: 1408 ± 15.42 [95% CI: 1378–1438]; CXCL14-Myc: 1499 ± 17.18 [95% CI: 1464–1534]; control: 870.1 ± 11.25 [95% CI: 848.1–892.2], <i>p ≤</i> 0.0001). CXCL14 activated the AKT-S6K pathway and inhibited the FOXO-Atrogin-1/MuRF-1 pathway in both in vitro and in vivo models. CXCL14 effectively reversed LPS- and DEX-induced atrophy in both C2C12 myotubes and TA muscles, as demonstrated by corresponding increases MMI and CSA (all <i>p</i> ≤ 0.0001). CXCL14 also promoted hypertrophy in primary human myotubes in vitro (MMI [μm<sup>2</sup>]: 100 ng/mL CXCL14, 3481 ± 242.6 [95% CI: 2973–3989] vs. control, 2549 ± 114.7 [95% CI: 2310–2787], <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) and significantly reversed atrophy induced by LPS and DEX (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01 to <","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.70087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145282736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarcopenia and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) are both highly prevalent among the elderly and have a substantial impact on their quality of life. However, the association between sarcopenia and IDD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether sarcopenia is independently associated with an increased risk of IDD in middle-aged and older adults, using prospective data from the UK Biobank.
Methods
A total of 378 773 participants from the UK Biobank were included and categorized into three groups based on the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) criteria: normal, probable sarcopenia and confirmed sarcopenia. The association between sarcopenia and IDD was examined using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models. Sensitivity analyses included subgroup analyses to assess the robustness of findings and interaction tests to explore potential effect modifiers.
Results
The median age of participants was 59 years, with females accounting for 54.8% of the cohort. Over a median follow-up duration of 171 months, 10 585 participants developed IDD. In unadjusted Cox regression analyses, compared to the normal group, the hazard ratios (HRs) for IDD were 1.51 (95% CI: 1.41–1.61) in the probable sarcopenia group and 1.47 (95% CI: 1.14–1.90) in the confirmed sarcopenia group. After adjusting for multiple covariates, the corresponding HRs were 1.35 (95% CI: 1.26–1.44) and 1.41 (95% CI: 1.10–1.80), respectively. These associations remained consistent across subgroup analyses. Notably, in BMI-stratified analyses, individuals with sarcopenia and a BMI > 25 had a higher risk of IDD (HR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.31–2.71) compared to those with BMI ≤ 25 (HR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.06–2.16), with a significant interaction (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Sarcopenia is associated with an increased risk of IDD, particularly in overweight or obese individuals. Regular assessment of muscle strength and mass, along with promoting physical activity and adequate nutritional interventions in ageing populations, may help prevent sarcopenia and delay the onset of IDD.
{"title":"Association Between Sarcopenia and the Long-Term Risk of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration","authors":"Jianan Chen, Tongzhou Liang, Wenjun Hu, Nianchun Liao, Zaoqiang Zhang, Huihong Shi, Song Liu, Junquan Liang, Yanbo Chen, Youxi Lin, Xianjian Qiu, Dongsheng Huang, Anjing Liang, Wenjie Gao","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70086","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) are both highly prevalent among the elderly and have a substantial impact on their quality of life. However, the association between sarcopenia and IDD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether sarcopenia is independently associated with an increased risk of IDD in middle-aged and older adults, using prospective data from the UK Biobank.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 378 773 participants from the UK Biobank were included and categorized into three groups based on the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) criteria: normal, probable sarcopenia and confirmed sarcopenia. The association between sarcopenia and IDD was examined using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models. Sensitivity analyses included subgroup analyses to assess the robustness of findings and interaction tests to explore potential effect modifiers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median age of participants was 59 years, with females accounting for 54.8% of the cohort. Over a median follow-up duration of 171 months, 10 585 participants developed IDD. In unadjusted Cox regression analyses, compared to the normal group, the hazard ratios (HRs) for IDD were 1.51 (95% CI: 1.41–1.61) in the probable sarcopenia group and 1.47 (95% CI: 1.14–1.90) in the confirmed sarcopenia group. After adjusting for multiple covariates, the corresponding HRs were 1.35 (95% CI: 1.26–1.44) and 1.41 (95% CI: 1.10–1.80), respectively. These associations remained consistent across subgroup analyses. Notably, in BMI-stratified analyses, individuals with sarcopenia and a BMI > 25 had a higher risk of IDD (HR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.31–2.71) compared to those with BMI ≤ 25 (HR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.06–2.16), with a significant interaction (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia is associated with an increased risk of IDD, particularly in overweight or obese individuals. Regular assessment of muscle strength and mass, along with promoting physical activity and adequate nutritional interventions in ageing populations, may help prevent sarcopenia and delay the onset of IDD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.70086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145282687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relationship between regional adiposity and dementia remains poorly understood.
Methods
This study included 440 861 UK Biobank participants initially free of dementia, stroke and cancer. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of dementia across quartiles of waist circumference (WC) or hip circumference (HC) were calculated, after multivariable adjustment with mutual adjustment for WC and HC. The potential mediating roles of 21 biomarkers covering distinct metabolic pathways were assessed. In a subsample with body composition quantified by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, the associations of android and gynoid fatness with magnetic resonance imaging-derived volumetric brain measures were further assessed.
Results
Over a median follow-up of 12.7 years, there were 2899 incident cases of dementia in females and 3306 cases in males. After multivariable adjustment, WC was positively associated with the risk of dementia (predominantly vascular dementia) in both sexes, but the associations disappeared after further adjusting for the treatments for metabolic disorders. HC was inversely associated with dementia both in females (HRQ4 vs. Q1 = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.86; P-trend < 0.001) and in males (HRQ4 vs. Q1 = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.95; P-trend = 0.018), with the leading mediator being apolipoprotein B (11.15%) and vitamin D (9.03%) for female and male associations, respectively. In both sexes, gynoid fat percent was related to larger grey matter volumes (β female = 1.21; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.68; β male = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.28, 1.64) and smaller volumes of white matter hyperintensities (β female = −1.96; 95% CI: −2.50, −1.43; β male = −2.57; 95% CI: −3.39, −1.76).
Conclusions
Android and gynoid adipose tissues may exert divergent influences on the development of dementia, with evidence for shared and distinct mechanisms between sexes.
{"title":"Association of Android and Gynoid Fatness With Incident Dementia and Brain Structure","authors":"Zhong-Yue Liu, Yu-Wen Qian, Ji-Mei Gu, Xiao-Ping Shao, Meng-Yuan Miao, Jie-Qiong Lyu, Zhong-Xiao Wan, Li-Qiang Qin, Qi Fang, Guo-Chong Chen","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70095","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The relationship between regional adiposity and dementia remains poorly understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included 440 861 UK Biobank participants initially free of dementia, stroke and cancer. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of dementia across quartiles of waist circumference (WC) or hip circumference (HC) were calculated, after multivariable adjustment with mutual adjustment for WC and HC. The potential mediating roles of 21 biomarkers covering distinct metabolic pathways were assessed. In a subsample with body composition quantified by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, the associations of android and gynoid fatness with magnetic resonance imaging-derived volumetric brain measures were further assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over a median follow-up of 12.7 years, there were 2899 incident cases of dementia in females and 3306 cases in males. After multivariable adjustment, WC was positively associated with the risk of dementia (predominantly vascular dementia) in both sexes, but the associations disappeared after further adjusting for the treatments for metabolic disorders. HC was inversely associated with dementia both in females (HR<sub>Q4 vs. Q1</sub> = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.86; <i>P</i>-trend < 0.001) and in males (HR<sub>Q4 vs. Q1</sub> = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.95; <i>P</i>-trend = 0.018), with the leading mediator being apolipoprotein B (11.15%) and vitamin D (9.03%) for female and male associations, respectively. In both sexes, gynoid fat percent was related to larger grey matter volumes (β <sub>female</sub> = 1.21; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.68; β <sub>male</sub> = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.28, 1.64) and smaller volumes of white matter hyperintensities (β <sub>female</sub> = −1.96; 95% CI: −2.50, −1.43; β <sub>male</sub> = −2.57; 95% CI: −3.39, −1.76).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Android and gynoid adipose tissues may exert divergent influences on the development of dementia, with evidence for shared and distinct mechanisms between sexes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12521049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145290577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yoosun Joo, Jihoon Park, Yang-Gyun Kim, Sang-Ho Lee, Ju-Young Moon, Soo-Young Yoon, Hyeon Seok Hwang, Jihyun Baek, Dong-Young Lee, Gang Jee Ko, Min-Jeong Lee, Seok Hui Kang, Su Woong Jung
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>While obesity confers a survival advantage, weight loss adversely affects the survival of patients undergoing haemodialysis. However, given the limited information regarding its long-term effects on mortality and cardiovascular events, the health benefits of weight gain remain uncertain, particularly in Asian patients undergoing haemodialysis.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>In a prospective multicentre cohort of patients undergoing haemodialysis in South Korea, patients whose dry weight was recorded at baseline and after 1 year were analysed. Patients were stratified into five groups according to annual dry weight change: stable (−2.0% to 1.9%, <i>n</i> = 245), mild (2.0% to 6.9%, <i>n</i> = 92) and moderate (≥ 7.0%, <i>n</i> = 20) dry weight gain and mild (−5.0% to −2.1%, <i>n</i> = 91) and moderate (< −5.0%, <i>n</i> = 77) dry weight loss. The associations of annual dry weight change with physical function and health-related quality of life were examined using cross-sectional analysis. The impact of annual dry weight changes on all-cause mortality and a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), defined as myocardial infarction, unstable angina, ischaemic stroke and peripheral artery disease requiring revascularization, was assessed in a longitudinal cohort of 525 individuals.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>In cross-sectional analysis, patients with diminished physical ability had a higher frequency of dry weight fluctuations. In longitudinal analysis, the mean age of the study participants was 59.9 years, and 62.3% were men. During a median follow-up of 3.1 years, death and MACE occurred in 105 (20.0%) and 31 (5.9%) patients, respectively. The risk of all-cause mortality was higher in patients with moderate dry weight gain or loss than in those with stable dry weight (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] for moderate weight gain, 2.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96<b>–</b>5.13; <i>p</i> = 0.06; and aHR for moderate weight loss, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.07<b>–</b>2.95; <i>p</i> = 0.03). The risk of MACE was significantly higher in patients with weight gain (including mild and moderate) than in those with a stable dry weight (aHR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.32<b>–</b>6.88; <i>p</i> = 0.009). Specifically, the increased risk of all-cause mortality attributable to moderate dry weight gain was limited to patients with obesity, whereas that for moderate dry weight loss was limited to patients with a normal body mass index.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>Moderate weight g
{"title":"Impact of Annual Dry Weight Changes on Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis","authors":"Yoosun Joo, Jihoon Park, Yang-Gyun Kim, Sang-Ho Lee, Ju-Young Moon, Soo-Young Yoon, Hyeon Seok Hwang, Jihyun Baek, Dong-Young Lee, Gang Jee Ko, Min-Jeong Lee, Seok Hui Kang, Su Woong Jung","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70100","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While obesity confers a survival advantage, weight loss adversely affects the survival of patients undergoing haemodialysis. However, given the limited information regarding its long-term effects on mortality and cardiovascular events, the health benefits of weight gain remain uncertain, particularly in Asian patients undergoing haemodialysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a prospective multicentre cohort of patients undergoing haemodialysis in South Korea, patients whose dry weight was recorded at baseline and after 1 year were analysed. Patients were stratified into five groups according to annual dry weight change: stable (−2.0% to 1.9%, <i>n</i> = 245), mild (2.0% to 6.9%, <i>n</i> = 92) and moderate (≥ 7.0%, <i>n</i> = 20) dry weight gain and mild (−5.0% to −2.1%, <i>n</i> = 91) and moderate (< −5.0%, <i>n</i> = 77) dry weight loss. The associations of annual dry weight change with physical function and health-related quality of life were examined using cross-sectional analysis. The impact of annual dry weight changes on all-cause mortality and a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), defined as myocardial infarction, unstable angina, ischaemic stroke and peripheral artery disease requiring revascularization, was assessed in a longitudinal cohort of 525 individuals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In cross-sectional analysis, patients with diminished physical ability had a higher frequency of dry weight fluctuations. In longitudinal analysis, the mean age of the study participants was 59.9 years, and 62.3% were men. During a median follow-up of 3.1 years, death and MACE occurred in 105 (20.0%) and 31 (5.9%) patients, respectively. The risk of all-cause mortality was higher in patients with moderate dry weight gain or loss than in those with stable dry weight (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] for moderate weight gain, 2.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96<b>–</b>5.13; <i>p</i> = 0.06; and aHR for moderate weight loss, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.07<b>–</b>2.95; <i>p</i> = 0.03). The risk of MACE was significantly higher in patients with weight gain (including mild and moderate) than in those with a stable dry weight (aHR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.32<b>–</b>6.88; <i>p</i> = 0.009). Specifically, the increased risk of all-cause mortality attributable to moderate dry weight gain was limited to patients with obesity, whereas that for moderate dry weight loss was limited to patients with a normal body mass index.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Moderate weight g","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.70100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145282686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leanne L. G. C. Ackermans, Jasper C. Stokroos, David P. J. Van Dijk, Bjorn Winkens, Martijn Poeze, Leonard Wee, Ralph Brecheisen, Steven M. W. Olde Damink, Jan A. Ten Bosch, Taco J. Blokhuis
Background
Polytrauma patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 16 have a high mortality rate. Early identification of patients at risk of mortality is key. Different risk stratification models are available; however, body composition on third lumbar computed tomography (L3 CT) is not routinely used. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of CT body composition on 1-year mortality in adult polytrauma patients.
Methods
Body composition analysis (L3 CT) was performed on 593 adult polytrauma patients. The associations with 1-year mortality were assessed using uni- and multivariable logistic regression analysis. As a sensitivity analysis, 1-year mortality was analysed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves, log-rank tests and Cox regression.
Results
The study population was predominantly male (69.5%), with a mean age of 55 (±20) years and an average BMI of 25.34 kg/m2 (±4.07). Comorbidities were present in 327 (55.4%) patients, with an average Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) of 2.07 points (±2.1). The mean ISS score was 27.59 (±11.06); 323 (54.5%) patients had an ISS ≥ 25 points. Age, CCI, ISS, skeletal muscle index and skeletal muscle radiation attenuation (OR 1.053, 5.713, 3.711, 0. 563 and 0.533, respectively; p < 0.001), subcutaneous adipose tissue radiation attenuation (SATRA OR 1.253, p = 0.028) and visceral adipose tissue index (OR 1.242, p = 0.038) were significantly associated with 1-year mortality. In multivariable logistic regression, age, ISS and SATRA remained statistically significantly associated with 1-year mortality (OR 1.062, p < 0.001; OR 4.761, p < 0.001; OR 1.396, p = 0.009).
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that subcutaneous adipose tissue radiation attenuation on emergency trauma CT scans is significantly associated with 1-year mortality in adult polytrauma patients. Additionally, we found a significant effect of age and ISS on 1-year mortality. Incorporating body composition analysis could lead to a better selection of patients at risk for 1-year mortality and aid in treatment decision-making.
背景：损伤严重程度评分(ISS)≥16的多发创伤患者死亡率高。及早发现有死亡危险的病人是关键。存在不同的风险分层模型；然而，在第三腰椎计算机断层扫描（L3 CT）上的身体成分不被常规使用。本研究的目的是确定CT体组成对成人多发外伤患者1年死亡率的影响。方法对593例成人多发外伤患者进行体成分分析（L3 CT）。使用单变量和多变量logistic回归分析评估与1年死亡率的关系。作为敏感性分析，采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线、log-rank检验和Cox回归分析1年死亡率。结果研究人群以男性为主（69.5%），平均年龄55（±20）岁，平均BMI为25.34 kg/m2（±4.07）。327例（55.4%）患者存在合并症，平均Charlson合并症指数（CCI）为2.07分（±2.1）。平均ISS评分为27.59（±11.06）分；323例（54.5%）患者ISS≥25分。年龄、CCI、ISS、骨骼肌指数与骨骼肌辐射衰减(OR: 1.053, 5.713, 3.711, 0；分别为563、0.533；p < 0.001)、皮下脂肪组织辐射衰减（SATRA OR 1.253, p = 0.028）和内脏脂肪组织指数（OR 1.242, p = 0.038）与1年死亡率显著相关。在多变量logistic回归中，年龄、ISS和SATRA与1年死亡率仍有统计学显著相关（OR 1.062, p < 0.001; OR 4.761, p < 0.001; OR 1.396, p = 0.009）。结论本研究表明急诊创伤CT扫描下皮下脂肪组织辐射衰减与成人多发创伤患者1年死亡率显著相关。此外，我们发现年龄和ISS对1年死亡率有显著影响。结合身体成分分析可以更好地选择有1年死亡风险的患者，并有助于治疗决策。
{"title":"Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Radiation Attenuation Is Associated With Increased 1-Year Mortality in Polytrauma Patients","authors":"Leanne L. G. C. Ackermans, Jasper C. Stokroos, David P. J. Van Dijk, Bjorn Winkens, Martijn Poeze, Leonard Wee, Ralph Brecheisen, Steven M. W. Olde Damink, Jan A. Ten Bosch, Taco J. Blokhuis","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13743","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13743","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polytrauma patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 16 have a high mortality rate. Early identification of patients at risk of mortality is key. Different risk stratification models are available; however, body composition on third lumbar computed tomography (L3 CT) is not routinely used. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of CT body composition on 1-year mortality in adult polytrauma patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Body composition analysis (L3 CT) was performed on 593 adult polytrauma patients. The associations with 1-year mortality were assessed using uni- and multivariable logistic regression analysis. As a sensitivity analysis, 1-year mortality was analysed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves, log-rank tests and Cox regression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study population was predominantly male (69.5%), with a mean age of 55 (±20) years and an average BMI of 25.34 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (±4.07). Comorbidities were present in 327 (55.4%) patients, with an average Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) of 2.07 points (±2.1). The mean ISS score was 27.59 (±11.06); 323 (54.5%) patients had an ISS ≥ 25 points. Age, CCI, ISS, skeletal muscle index and skeletal muscle radiation attenuation (OR 1.053, 5.713, 3.711, 0. 563 and 0.533, respectively; <i>p</i> < 0.001), subcutaneous adipose tissue radiation attenuation (SATRA OR 1.253, <i>p</i> = 0.028) and visceral adipose tissue index (OR 1.242, <i>p</i> = 0.038) were significantly associated with 1-year mortality. In multivariable logistic regression, age, ISS and SATRA remained statistically significantly associated with 1-year mortality (OR 1.062, <i>p</i> < 0.001; OR 4.761, <i>p</i> < 0.001; OR 1.396, <i>p</i> = 0.009).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrated that subcutaneous adipose tissue radiation attenuation on emergency trauma CT scans is significantly associated with 1-year mortality in adult polytrauma patients. Additionally, we found a significant effect of age and ISS on 1-year mortality. Incorporating body composition analysis could lead to a better selection of patients at risk for 1-year mortality and aid in treatment decision-making.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13743","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145277168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valentina Tuninetti, Elisa Virano, Amedeo Calvo, Vittoria Carbone, Carmela Pisano, Monika Ducceschi, Giacinto Turitto, Giuseppa Scandurra, Maria Cristina Petrella, Valeria Forestieri, Massimo Petracchini, Alessandra Bianco, Raffaella Cioffi, Mara Mantiero, Eleonora Paluzzi, Maria Grazia Distefano, Olga Martelli, Sandro Pignata, Vincenzo Formica, Fotios Loupakis, Giorgio Valabrega
Background
A low fT3/fT4 ratio has been associated with poorer prognosis in several diseases. Inflammatory indexes (IIs) and the skeletal muscle index (SMI) are established prognostic factors in various cancer types. However, their interplay and individual contributions to the prognosis of cervical cancer remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of these biomarkers on survival outcomes in cervical cancer patients treated with innovative immunotherapy.
Methods
This retrospective study included 101 patients with cervical cancer treated with cemiplimab at 12 Italian oncology centres. Patients with thyroid comorbidities or missing fT3/fT4 ratio data were excluded. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) in relation to the fT3/fT4 ratio. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and correlations between the fT3/fT4 ratio, ECOG Performance Status, IIs and SMI.
Results
An optimal fT3/fT4 cutoff for OS prediction was identified at 0.29. Median OS was 10.9 months for patients with a low fT3/fT4 ratio, while it was not reached for those with high fT3/fT4 levels (HR = 2.70; 95% CI: 1.17–6.22; p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis confirmed that both the fT3/fT4 ratio and ECOG PS independently influenced OS. Among the IIs analysed, the systemic inflammatory index (SII) demonstrated the strongest correlation with fT3/fT4 levels (OR = 3.82; 95% CI: 1.39–10.50; p = 0.0092). Exploratory analysis also revealed significantly lower SMI values in patients with lower fT3/fT4 ratios (p = 0.034).
Conclusions
This study highlights the prognostic significance of the fT3/fT4 ratio, IIs, and SMI in cervical cancer patients treated with cemiplimab. Given the exploratory nature of these findings, further validation in larger, prospective cohorts is warranted to support their integration into clinical practice and the development of innovative prognostic tools.
背景：在一些疾病中，低fT3/fT4比率与较差的预后相关。炎症指数（IIs）和骨骼肌指数（SMI）是各种癌症类型的预后因素。然而，它们之间的相互作用和个体对宫颈癌预后的影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估这些生物标志物对接受创新免疫治疗的宫颈癌患者生存结果的影响。方法本回顾性研究纳入意大利12个肿瘤中心101例宫颈癌患者接受塞米单抗治疗。排除有甲状腺合并症或fT3/fT4比值缺失的患者。主要终点是与fT3/fT4比率相关的总生存期（OS）。次要终点包括无进展生存期（PFS）和fT3/fT4比率、ECOG性能状态、IIs和SMI之间的相关性。结果fT3/fT4预测OS的最佳临界值为0.29。fT3/fT4比值低的患者中位OS为10.9个月，而fT3/fT4比值高的患者中位OS未达到（HR = 2.70; 95% CI: 1.17-6.22; p = 0.02）。多因素分析证实fT3/fT4比值和ECOG PS独立影响OS。在所分析的i中，全身炎症指数（SII）与fT3/fT4水平相关性最强（OR = 3.82; 95% CI: 1.39-10.50; p = 0.0092）。探索性分析还显示，fT3/fT4比值较低的患者SMI值显著降低（p = 0.034）。结论本研究强调了fT3/fT4比值、IIs和SMI在宫颈癌患者接受塞米单抗治疗中的预后意义。鉴于这些发现的探索性，需要在更大的前瞻性队列中进行进一步验证，以支持其融入临床实践和开发创新的预后工具。
{"title":"Peripheral Thyroid Hormones, Inflammatory and Skeletal Muscle Indexes in Advanced Cervical Cancer Treated With Cemiplimab","authors":"Valentina Tuninetti, Elisa Virano, Amedeo Calvo, Vittoria Carbone, Carmela Pisano, Monika Ducceschi, Giacinto Turitto, Giuseppa Scandurra, Maria Cristina Petrella, Valeria Forestieri, Massimo Petracchini, Alessandra Bianco, Raffaella Cioffi, Mara Mantiero, Eleonora Paluzzi, Maria Grazia Distefano, Olga Martelli, Sandro Pignata, Vincenzo Formica, Fotios Loupakis, Giorgio Valabrega","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70101","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A low fT3/fT4 ratio has been associated with poorer prognosis in several diseases. Inflammatory indexes (IIs) and the skeletal muscle index (SMI) are established prognostic factors in various cancer types. However, their interplay and individual contributions to the prognosis of cervical cancer remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of these biomarkers on survival outcomes in cervical cancer patients treated with innovative immunotherapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective study included 101 patients with cervical cancer treated with cemiplimab at 12 Italian oncology centres. Patients with thyroid comorbidities or missing fT3/fT4 ratio data were excluded. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) in relation to the fT3/fT4 ratio. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and correlations between the fT3/fT4 ratio, ECOG Performance Status, IIs and SMI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An optimal fT3/fT4 cutoff for OS prediction was identified at 0.29. Median OS was 10.9 months for patients with a low fT3/fT4 ratio, while it was not reached for those with high fT3/fT4 levels (HR = 2.70; 95% CI: 1.17–6.22; <i>p</i> = 0.02). Multivariate analysis confirmed that both the fT3/fT4 ratio and ECOG PS independently influenced OS. Among the IIs analysed, the systemic inflammatory index (SII) demonstrated the strongest correlation with fT3/fT4 levels (OR = 3.82; 95% CI: 1.39–10.50; <i>p</i> = 0.0092). Exploratory analysis also revealed significantly lower SMI values in patients with lower fT3/fT4 ratios (<i>p</i> = 0.034).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights the prognostic significance of the fT3/fT4 ratio, IIs, and SMI in cervical cancer patients treated with cemiplimab. Given the exploratory nature of these findings, further validation in larger, prospective cohorts is warranted to support their integration into clinical practice and the development of innovative prognostic tools.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.70101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145277201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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