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Effect of permeability and its horizontal anisotropy on enhanced coalbed methane recovery with CO2 storage: quantitative evaluation based on staged CH4 output inhibition 渗透率及其水平各向异性对CO2封存提高煤层气采收率的影响——基于阶段CH4输出抑制的定量评价
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11707-022-1039-5
Ziliang Wang, Shuxun Sang, Xiaozhi Zhou, Xudong Liu, Shouren Zhang

The permeability and its horizontal anisotropy induce a critical influence on staged CH4 output inhibition process. However, a quantitative evaluation of this influence has been rarely reported in the literature. In this work, the impact of horizontal anisotropic permeability on CO2-ECBM was numerically investigated. The variation in the staged CH4 output inhibition was analyzed. The ideal displacement profile of the CO2-ECBM process was established for the first time. Moreover, the variation in CH4 output of different wellbores was discussed. The results showed that 1) low-permeable or weak-anisotropic reservoirs were not conducive to enhanced CH4 recovery owing to long inhibition time (> 1091 days) and high inhibition level (> 36.9%). As permeability and anisotropy increased, due to the accelerated seepage of free water, the hysteresis time and inhibition time could decrease to as short as 5 days and 87 days, respectively, and the inhibition level could weaken to as low as 5.00%. Additionally, the CH4 output and CO2 injection could increase significantly. 2) Nevertheless, high permeability and strong anisotropy easily induced CO2 breakthrough, resulting in lower CH4 production, CO2 injection and CO2 storage than expected. While maintaining high efficiency of CO2 storage (> 99%), upregulating CO2 breakthrough concentration from 10% to 20% might ease the unfavorable trend. 3) Along the direction of fluid flow, the ideal displacement profile consisted of CO2 enriched bank, CO2 and CH4 mixed bank, CH4 enriched bank, and water enriched bank, whereas a remarkable gap in the displacement profiles of the dominant and non-dominant seepage directions was observed. 4) The potential of CH4 output might vary greatly among different wellbores. The producers along the dominant seepage direction held more potential for CH4 recovery in the short-term, while those along the non-dominant seepage direction avoided becoming invalid only if a long-time injection measure was taken for the injectors. These findings pave the way to understand fluid seepage in real complex reservoirs during CO2-ECBM and conduct further field projects.

渗透率及其水平各向异性对阶段CH4输出抑制过程产生关键影响。然而,对这种影响的定量评价在文献中很少报道。本文研究了水平各向异性渗透率对CO2-ECBM的影响。分析了阶段CH4输出抑制的变化。首次建立了CO2-ECBM工艺的理想驱替曲线。讨论了不同井眼CH4产量的变化规律。结果表明:1)低渗透或弱各向异性储层抑制时间较长,不利于提高CH4采收率(>1091天)和高抑制水平(>36.9%)。随着渗透率和各向异性的增加,由于自由水的加速渗流,滞回时间和抑制时间可缩短至5 d和87 d,抑制水平可降低至5.00%。CH4输出量和CO2注入量显著增加。2)然而,高渗透率和强各向异性容易导致CO2突破,导致CH4产量、CO2注入和CO2储存量低于预期。同时保持CO2的高效储存(>99%),将CO2突破浓度从10%提高到20%可能会缓解这一不利趋势。3)沿流体流动方向,理想驱替剖面由CO2富滩、CO2与CH4混合滩、CH4富滩和富水滩组成,优势渗流方向和非优势渗流方向的驱替剖面存在显著差异。4)不同井眼的CH4产量潜力差异较大。沿优势渗流方向的生产者在短期内具有更大的CH4开采潜力,而沿非优势渗流方向的生产者只有采取长期注入措施才能避免失效。这些发现为在CO2-ECBM过程中了解实际复杂储层的流体渗流并开展进一步的现场项目铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Relationship between the rise and fall of Loulan ancient city and centennial-scale climate events and cycles 楼兰古城兴衰与百年尺度气候事件和周期的关系
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11707-023-1091-9
Deke Xu, Chang Li, Yingyu Jin, Zhenhua Deng, Bing Xu, Kangkang Li, Jianping Zhang, Xiaohong Sun, Jing Feng, Yingxin Jiao, Hao Li, Xiaoguang Qin

The discovery of Loulan ancient city (LA) in the early 20th century has important significance for understanding the history of Western regions and the Silk Road civilization. The current academic community still has disputes on whether LA was the capital of Loulan Kingdom, the time of its rise, peak and decline, and the process, rate and driving mechanism of human activity change. This study uses the radio carbon dates (14C) database of LA to reconstruct the history of the rise and fall of human activity, and finds that LA experienced more than ∼500 years from its rise to its peak and then to its decline: 1) the city rose rapidly, and the population increased rapidly from ∼A.D. 0 to 230; 2) the city was prosperous and flourishing, and the intensity of human activity reached its peak from ∼A.D. 160 to 340, especially in ∼A.D. 230, when the population reached its peak; 3) the city accelerated its decline, and the intensity of human activity decreased significantly, and the population shrank rapidly from ∼A.D. 230 to 500; 4) LA was completely abandoned after ∼A.D. 560. The results of the 14C dating database do not support that LA was the early capital of the Loulan Kingdom. By comparing the human activity record of LA with the existing high-resolution palaeoclimate records in the surrounding mountainous areas of the Tarim Basin and South Asia, it is found that the superposition of centennial-scale westerly circulation strength events and the ∼500-year cycle of the Indian monsoon jointly controlled the precipitation and meltwater (snow) supply of the mountains in the Tarim Basin, affecting the changes of surface runoff and oasis area in the basin, which is one of the important factors causing the rise and fall of LA.

楼兰古城于20世纪初被发现,对了解西域历史和丝绸之路文明具有重要意义。目前学术界对洛杉矶是否楼兰王国的都城,其兴起、鼎盛和衰落的时间,人类活动变化的过程、速度和驱动机制等问题仍存在争议。本研究利用LA的放射性碳测年(14C)数据库重建了人类活动的兴衰历史,发现LA从兴起到鼎盛再到衰落经历了~ 500多年的时间:1)从公元~公元开始,城市迅速崛起,人口迅速增加0 ~ 230;2)城市繁荣昌盛,人类活动强度在公元后达到顶峰160 ~ 340年,尤其在公元后230年,人口达到顶峰;3)城市加速衰落,人类活动强度明显下降,人口从公元后开始迅速减少230至500;4) LA在公元后完全废弃560. 14C年代数据库的结果不支持洛杉矶是楼兰王国早期首都的说法。通过对比LA的人类活动记录与塔里木盆地周边山区及南亚地区已有的高分辨率古气候记录,发现百年尺度西风环流强度事件的叠加和印度季风的~ 500年周期共同控制了塔里木盆地山区的降水和融水(雪)供应,影响了盆地地表径流和绿洲面积的变化;这是造成洛杉矶兴衰的重要因素之一。
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引用次数: 0
CO2 geological sequestration potential of the low-rank coals in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin 准噶尔盆地南缘低煤阶煤的CO2地质封存潜力
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11707-022-1043-9
Qun Zhao, Ze Deng, Meng Zhao, Dexun Liu

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is considered one of the most effective measures to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, and low-rank coal reservoirs are commonly recognized as potential CO2 storage sites for carbon sequestration. To evaluate the geological CO2 sequestration potential of the low-rank coal reservoirs in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, multiple experiments were performed on coal samples from that area, including high-pressure mercury porosimetry, low-temperature N2 adsorption, overburden porosity and permeability measurements, and high-pressure CH4 and CO2 isothermal adsorption measurements. Combined with the geological properties of the potential reservoir, including coal seam development and hydrodynamic characteristics, the areas between Santun River and Sigong River in the Junggar Basin were found to be suitable for CO2 sequestration. Consequently, the coal-bearing strata from Santun River to Sigong River can be defined as “potentially favorable areas for CO2 eequetfraiion” To better guide the future field test of CO2 storage in these areas, three CO2 sequestration modes were defined: 1) the broad syncline and faulted anticline mode; 2) the monoclinic mode; 3) the syncline and strike-slip fault mode.

碳捕获、利用和封存(CCUS)被认为是到2050年实现净零碳排放的最有效措施之一,而低阶煤储层通常被认为是潜在的碳封存CO2储存场所。为评价准噶尔盆地南缘低煤阶煤储层的地质CO2封存潜力,对该地区煤样进行了高压汞孔隙度、低温氮气吸附、覆盖层孔隙度和渗透率、高压CH4和CO2等温吸附等实验研究。结合潜在储层的地质特征,包括煤层发育程度和水动力特征,发现准噶尔盆地三屯河与四公河之间的区域适合CO2封存。因此,三屯河至四宫河含煤地层可被定义为“潜在的CO2封存有利区”,为更好地指导该地区未来的CO2封存现场试验,定义了3种CO2封存模式:1)宽向斜-断背斜模式;2)单斜模;3)向斜-走滑断裂模式。
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引用次数: 0
Methane adsorption effected by pore structure of overmature continental shale: Lower Cretaceous Shahezi Formation, Xujiaweizi Fault, Songliao Basin 松辽盆地徐家围子断裂带下白垩统沙河子组孔隙结构对过成熟陆相页岩甲烷吸附的影响
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11707-022-1051-9
Pengfei Zhang, Shuangfang Lu, Nengwu Zhou, Zizhi Lin, Xiangchun Chang, Junjian Zhang, Guo Chen, Yumao Pang, Junjie Wang, Hongsheng Huang, Qi Zhi

Overmature continental shale is commonly developed, but few studies have given insight into its pore structure and sorption capacity. Various techniques, including SEM, helium porosity and permeability, N2/CO2 adsorption, MICP, and NMR, were used to detect the pore structure of shale from the Shahezi Formation, Xujiaweizi Fault, Songliao Basin. The excess methane adsorption volumes were measured by the volumetric method and modeled by the Langmuir model. Based on the findings, the most developed pores are intraparticle pores in clay minerals, followed by the dissolution pores in feldspar, but organic pores are uncommon. The selected shales have low helium porosity (mean 1.66%) and ultralow permeability (mean 0.0498 × 10−3µm2). The pore throats are at the nanoscale, and the pore-throat size distributions are unimodal, with most less than 50 nm. The studied shales are characterized by the lower specific surface area (SSA) and pore volume (PV) but the larger average pore diameter. The total SSA is contributed by the micro- and mesopores, while the PV is dominated by meso- and macropores. The pore structures are more complex and controlled by multiple factors, such as mineral compositions and diagenesis, but organic matter is not critical. The maximum absolute adsorption methane volume (VL) is 0.97–3.58 cm3/g (mean 1.90 cm3/g), correlating well with the total SSA, SSA, and pore volume of micropores, which indicates that methane is mainly adsorbed and stored in micropores, followed by mesopores.

过成熟陆相页岩普遍发育,但对其孔隙结构和吸附能力的研究较少。采用SEM、氦孔隙度和渗透率、N2/CO2吸附、MICP、NMR等技术对松辽盆地徐家围子断裂带沙河子组页岩孔隙结构进行了研究。用体积法测定了甲烷的过量吸附体积,并用Langmuir模型建立了模型。结果表明,黏土矿物颗粒内孔发育程度最高,长石溶蚀孔次之,有机孔较少。所选页岩具有低孔隙度(平均1.66%)和超低渗透率(平均0.0498 × 10−3µm2)。孔喉在纳米尺度上分布,孔喉尺寸呈单峰分布,多数小于50 nm。研究区页岩具有比表面积(SSA)和孔隙体积(PV)较低但平均孔径较大的特点。总SSA由微孔和中孔贡献,而PV以中孔和大孔为主。孔隙结构较为复杂,受矿物组成和成岩作用等多种因素的控制,但有机质不是关键因素。甲烷的最大绝对吸附体积(VL)为0.97 ~ 3.58 cm3/g(平均1.90 cm3/g),与总SSA、SSA、微孔孔容相关性较好,表明甲烷主要吸附储存在微孔中,中孔次之。
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引用次数: 0
Laboratory simulation of CO2 immiscible gas flooding and characterization of seepage resistance CO2非混相气驱的室内模拟及渗流阻力表征
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11707-022-1074-2
Jie Chi, Binshan Ju, Wenbin Chen, Mengfei Zhang, Rui Zhang, Anqi Miao, Dayan Wang, Fengyun Cui

CO2 flooding can significantly improve the recovery rate, effectively recover crude oil, and has the advantages of energy saving and emission reduction. At present, most domestic researches on CO2 flooding seepage experiments are field tests in actual reservoirs or simulations with reservoir numerical simulators. Although targeted, the promotion is poor. For the characterization of seepage resistance, there are few studies on the variation law of seepage resistance caused by the combined action in the reservoir. To solve this problem, based on the mechanism of CO2, a physical simulation experiment device for CO2 non-miscible flooding production manner is designed. The device adopts two displacement schemes, gas-displacing water and gas-displacing oil, it mainly studies the immiscible gas flooding mechanism and oil displacement characteristics based on factors such as formation dip angle, gas injection position, and gas injection rate. It can provide a more accurate development simulation for the actual field application. By studying the variation law of crude oil viscosity and start-up pressure gradient, the characterization method of seepage resistance gradient affected by these two factors in the seepage process is proposed. The field test is carried out for the natural core of the S oilfield, and the seepage resistance is described more accurately. The results show that the advancing front of the gas drive is an arc, and the advancing speed of the gas drive oil front is slower than that of gas drive water; the greater the dip angle, the higher the displacement efficiency; the higher the gas injection rate is, the higher the early recovery rate is, and the lower the later recovery rate is; oil displacement efficiency is lower than water displacement efficiency; taking the actual core of S oilfield as an example, the mathematical representation method of core start-up pressure gradient in low permeability reservoir is established.

CO2驱油可显著提高采收率,有效回收原油,具有节能减排的优势。目前,国内对CO2驱渗流试验的研究大多是在实际油藏中进行现场试验或利用油藏数值模拟器进行模拟。虽然有针对性,但推广效果很差。对于渗流阻力的表征,目前对渗流阻力在储层内共同作用下的变化规律研究较少。为解决这一问题,基于CO2的作用机理,设计了CO2非混相驱采油方式物理模拟实验装置。该装置采用气驱水和气驱油两种驱替方案,主要根据地层倾角、注气位置、注气速率等因素研究非混相气驱机理和驱油特征。可以为实际现场应用提供更准确的开发模拟。通过研究原油粘度和启动压力梯度的变化规律,提出了渗流过程中受这两个因素影响的渗流阻力梯度表征方法。对S油田天然岩心进行了现场试验,较准确地描述了岩心的渗流阻力。结果表明:气驱推进前缘呈弧形,气驱油前缘推进速度慢于气驱水前缘推进速度;倾角越大,驱替效率越高;注气量越大,早期采收率越高,后期采收率越低;驱油效率低于驱水效率;以S油田实际岩心为例,建立了低渗透油藏岩心启动压力梯度的数学表示方法。
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引用次数: 0
A novel numerical simulation of CO2 immiscible flooding coupled with viscosity and starting pressure gradient modeling in ultra-low permeability reservoir 超低渗透油藏黏度与启动压力梯度耦合CO2非混相驱数值模拟
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11707-023-0085-y
Jie Chi, Binshan Ju, Jiabei Wang, Xing Zhang, Wenbin Chen, Mengfei Zhang

CO2 immiscible flooding is an environmentally-friendly and effective method to enhance oil recovery in ultra-low permeability reservoirs. A mathematical model of CO2 immiscible flooding was developed, considering the variation in crude oil viscosity and starting pressure gradient in ultra-low permeability reservoirs based on the non-Darcy percolation theory. The mathematical model and numerical simulator were developed in the C++ language to simulate the effects of fluid viscosity, starting pressure gradient, and other physical parameters on the distribution of the oil pressure field, oil saturation field, gas saturation field, oil viscosity field, and oil production. The results showed that the formation pressure and pressure propagation velocity in CO2 immiscible flooding were lower than the findings without considering the starting pressure gradient. The formation oil content saturation and the crude oil formation viscosity were higher after the consideration of the starting pressure gradient. The viscosity of crude oil considering the initiation pressure gradient during the formation was higher than that without this gradient, but the yield was lower than that condition. Our novel mathematical models helped the characterization of seepage resistance, revealed the influence of fluid property changes on seepage, improved the mathematical model of oil seepage in immiscible flooding processes, and guided the improvement of crude oil recovery in immiscible flooding processes.

二氧化碳非混相驱是超低渗透油藏提高采收率的一种环保、有效的方法。基于非达西渗流理论,考虑超低渗透油藏原油粘度和启动压力梯度的变化,建立了CO2非混相驱数学模型。利用c++语言建立数学模型和数值模拟器,模拟流体粘度、启动压力梯度等物理参数对油压场、含油饱和度场、含油饱和度场、含油粘度场及产油量分布的影响。结果表明,CO2非混相驱的地层压力和压力传播速度比不考虑启动压力梯度时的结果要低。考虑启动压力梯度后,地层含油量饱和度和原油地层粘度较高。考虑地层起始压力梯度的原油粘度高于不考虑起始压力梯度的原油粘度,但原油产量低于不考虑起始压力梯度的原油粘度。该数学模型有助于表征渗流阻力,揭示流体性质变化对渗流的影响,完善了非混相驱油渗流数学模型,指导了非混相驱油采收率的提高。
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引用次数: 0
Constraints of palaeoenvironment on organic matter of Benxi Formation shale and discussion on enrichment mechanism under different facies 古环境对本溪组页岩有机质的制约及不同相下富集机制探讨
4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11707-022-1071-5
Qianyang He, Delu Li, Qiang Sun, Jianwen Gao, Haibin Li, Xinhu Li, Xiaochen Zhao, Shaofei Wang, Gaozhe Ji
{"title":"Constraints of palaeoenvironment on organic matter of Benxi Formation shale and discussion on enrichment mechanism under different facies","authors":"Qianyang He, Delu Li, Qiang Sun, Jianwen Gao, Haibin Li, Xinhu Li, Xiaochen Zhao, Shaofei Wang, Gaozhe Ji","doi":"10.1007/s11707-022-1071-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-022-1071-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48927,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Earth Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136347217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Combined effects of massive reclamation and dredging on the variations in hydrodynamic and sediment transport in Lingdingyang Estuary, China 大规模填海和疏浚对凌顶阳口水动力和输沙变化的联合影响
4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11707-022-1050-x
Kanglin Chen, Yitong Lin, Jing Liu, Zixiao He, Liangwen Jia
{"title":"Combined effects of massive reclamation and dredging on the variations in hydrodynamic and sediment transport in Lingdingyang Estuary, China","authors":"Kanglin Chen, Yitong Lin, Jing Liu, Zixiao He, Liangwen Jia","doi":"10.1007/s11707-022-1050-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-022-1050-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48927,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Earth Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Global precipitation change during the Holocene: a combination of records and simulations 全新世期间全球降水变化:记录与模拟的结合
4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11707-022-1047-5
Wangting Ye, Yu Li
{"title":"Global precipitation change during the Holocene: a combination of records and simulations","authors":"Wangting Ye, Yu Li","doi":"10.1007/s11707-022-1047-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-022-1047-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48927,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Earth Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135734015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coal and rock dynamic disaster prevention and control technology in the large mining face of a deep outburst mine 某深突出大工作面煤岩动力灾害防治技术
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11707-022-1060-8
Jianguo Zhang, Man Wang, Hongwei Zhou, Dongming Zhang, Beichen Yu, Chongyang Wang, Yujie Wang
{"title":"Coal and rock dynamic disaster prevention and control technology in the large mining face of a deep outburst mine","authors":"Jianguo Zhang, Man Wang, Hongwei Zhou, Dongming Zhang, Beichen Yu, Chongyang Wang, Yujie Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11707-022-1060-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-022-1060-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48927,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Earth Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79647899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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