Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.24425/aep.2023.145899
{"title":"Possibilities of using ash from thermal treatment of municipal solid waste in hardening slurries","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/aep.2023.145899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2023.145899","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90073586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.24425/aep.2023.145898
{"title":"The influence of chlorine substitution on the adsorption of chlorophenols on HDTMA-modified halloysite in aqueous solutions","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/aep.2023.145898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2023.145898","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87714707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/aep.2019.128635
Artur Jachimowski, T. Nitkiewicz
: The objective of the paper is to use life cycle assessment to compare environmental impact of different technologies used in the process of water disinfection. Two scenarios are developed for water disinfection life cycle at ZUW Raba water treatment plant: (1) historical, in which gaseous chlorine is used as a disinfectant and (2) actual, in which UV radiation and electrolytically generated sodium hypochlorite are used for that purpose. Primary data is supplemented with ecoinvent 3 database records. Environmental impact is assessed by IMPACT2002+ method and its midpoint and endpoint indicators that are calculated with the use of SimaPro 8.4 software. The focus of the assessment is on selected life cycle phases: disinfection process itself and the water distribution process that follows. The assessment uses the data on fl ows and emissions streams as observed in the Raba plant. As the results of primal analysis show, a change of disinfectant results in quantitative changes in THMs and free chlorine in water supplied to the water supply network. The results of analysis con fi rm the higher potential of THMs formation and higher environmental impact of the combined method of UV/NaClO disinfection in distribution phase and in whole life cycle, mainly due to the increase of human toxicity factors. However, during the disinfection phase, gaseous chlorine use is more harmful for environment. But the fi nal conclusion states that water quality indicators are not signi fi cant
{"title":"Comparative analysis of selected water disinfection technologies with the use of life cycle assessment","authors":"Artur Jachimowski, T. Nitkiewicz","doi":"10.24425/aep.2019.128635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2019.128635","url":null,"abstract":": The objective of the paper is to use life cycle assessment to compare environmental impact of different technologies used in the process of water disinfection. Two scenarios are developed for water disinfection life cycle at ZUW Raba water treatment plant: (1) historical, in which gaseous chlorine is used as a disinfectant and (2) actual, in which UV radiation and electrolytically generated sodium hypochlorite are used for that purpose. Primary data is supplemented with ecoinvent 3 database records. Environmental impact is assessed by IMPACT2002+ method and its midpoint and endpoint indicators that are calculated with the use of SimaPro 8.4 software. The focus of the assessment is on selected life cycle phases: disinfection process itself and the water distribution process that follows. The assessment uses the data on fl ows and emissions streams as observed in the Raba plant. As the results of primal analysis show, a change of disinfectant results in quantitative changes in THMs and free chlorine in water supplied to the water supply network. The results of analysis con fi rm the higher potential of THMs formation and higher environmental impact of the combined method of UV/NaClO disinfection in distribution phase and in whole life cycle, mainly due to the increase of human toxicity factors. However, during the disinfection phase, gaseous chlorine use is more harmful for environment. But the fi nal conclusion states that water quality indicators are not signi fi cant","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73475788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/aep.2022.142689
{"title":"Procedure for detoxication of linuron contaminated soil based on ozonation and fluidization process","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/aep.2022.142689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2022.142689","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75625389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/aep.2020.135763
A. Więckol-Ryk, B. Białecka, Maciej Thomas
{"title":"Application of calcium peroxideas an environmentally friendly oxidant to reduce pathogens in organic fertilizers and its impact on phosphorus bioavailability","authors":"A. Więckol-Ryk, B. Białecka, Maciej Thomas","doi":"10.24425/aep.2020.135763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2020.135763","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73958655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/aep.2020.134532
E. Wiśniowska, M. Włodarczyk-Makuła
: The removal of nitrates from aqueous solutions is cumbersome because of their high solubility in water. The use of zero-valent iron (ZVI) for the reduction of nitrates is the chemical process and it is an alternative method to the biological ones. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the eff ectiveness of nitrates removal from water solution by using the ZVI process. The process was coupled with the removal of COD, phosphates and turbidity by using by-products of nitrates reduction. Batch tests were performed to evaluate the eff ectiveness of ZVI in the removal of nitrates from aqueous solutions. The eff ectiveness of nitrates removal was analyzed after 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 min. and compared to the initial concentration of pollutants. Simultaneously analysis of ammonium nitrogen and nitrites was controlled to identify products of nitrates reduction under various pH. The removal of COD, phosphates and turbidity was also performed in batch tests. The eff ectiveness of the emoval by using three types of chemicals was compared – PIX, FeSO 4 , and waste Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ from the ZVI process. The results obtained in the study indicate that ZVI can be eff ectively used in the treatment of water polluted with nitrates and the by-products of the process could be further applied in the removal of COD, phosphates and turbidity. Based on the results the
{"title":"Removal of nitrates and organic compounds from aqueous solutions by zero valent (ZVI) iron reduction coupled with coagulation/ precipitation proces","authors":"E. Wiśniowska, M. Włodarczyk-Makuła","doi":"10.24425/aep.2020.134532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2020.134532","url":null,"abstract":": The removal of nitrates from aqueous solutions is cumbersome because of their high solubility in water. The use of zero-valent iron (ZVI) for the reduction of nitrates is the chemical process and it is an alternative method to the biological ones. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the eff ectiveness of nitrates removal from water solution by using the ZVI process. The process was coupled with the removal of COD, phosphates and turbidity by using by-products of nitrates reduction. Batch tests were performed to evaluate the eff ectiveness of ZVI in the removal of nitrates from aqueous solutions. The eff ectiveness of nitrates removal was analyzed after 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 min. and compared to the initial concentration of pollutants. Simultaneously analysis of ammonium nitrogen and nitrites was controlled to identify products of nitrates reduction under various pH. The removal of COD, phosphates and turbidity was also performed in batch tests. The eff ectiveness of the emoval by using three types of chemicals was compared – PIX, FeSO 4 , and waste Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ from the ZVI process. The results obtained in the study indicate that ZVI can be eff ectively used in the treatment of water polluted with nitrates and the by-products of the process could be further applied in the removal of COD, phosphates and turbidity. Based on the results the","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72455934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/aep.2019.130245
H. Rutto, Tumisang Seidigeng, Lucky Malise
{"title":"Adsorption of lead ions onto chemicallyactivated carbon from waste tire char and optimizationof the process using response surface methodology","authors":"H. Rutto, Tumisang Seidigeng, Lucky Malise","doi":"10.24425/aep.2019.130245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2019.130245","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77867920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/aep.2018.122292
E. Stanisławska-Glubiak, J. Korzeniowska
: The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of changes in the metal concentrations in the soils contaminated with Cd, Pb, and Zn during a 5 year period. Additionally the purpose included assessment of the suitability of 1 M HCl to control soil contamination with heavy metals compared to using of aqua regia method. The study was conducted in concrete-framed microplots, fi lled with two soils (sandy and silty), which were arti fi cially co-contaminated with Cd, Pb and Zn. There was a gradual decrease in these concentrations during the 5 year period. The concentrations of the metals extracted with 1 M HCl were very similar to the total concentrations. After 5 years of research, the topsoil had the smallest decrease in Pb concentration, which for the sandy, and silty soils was, respectively, by 7% and 9% in relation to the initial value.
{"title":"Time factor influence on soil heavy metal concentration in relation to soil contamination assessment","authors":"E. Stanisławska-Glubiak, J. Korzeniowska","doi":"10.24425/aep.2018.122292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2018.122292","url":null,"abstract":": The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of changes in the metal concentrations in the soils contaminated with Cd, Pb, and Zn during a 5 year period. Additionally the purpose included assessment of the suitability of 1 M HCl to control soil contamination with heavy metals compared to using of aqua regia method. The study was conducted in concrete-framed microplots, fi lled with two soils (sandy and silty), which were arti fi cially co-contaminated with Cd, Pb and Zn. There was a gradual decrease in these concentrations during the 5 year period. The concentrations of the metals extracted with 1 M HCl were very similar to the total concentrations. After 5 years of research, the topsoil had the smallest decrease in Pb concentration, which for the sandy, and silty soils was, respectively, by 7% and 9% in relation to the initial value.","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84967528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/aep.2021.139502
E. Bączkowska, A. Kalinowska, Oskar Ronda, K. Jankowska, R. Bray, Bartosz Płóciennik, Ż. Polkowska
The area of the Coastal Landscape Park (CLP) due to its location is extremely attractive touristic area. In the summer season, a significant increase in population density is observed, which influences surface water quality. Large numbers of tourists generate an increased amount of municipal wastewater, being treated in local treatment plants and discharged into rivers and streams. The paper presents preliminary research from summer 2016 on three watercourses ending in the Baltic Sea: Piaśnica, Karwianka and Czarna Wda rivers. It is a part of a long-term project conducted in CLP to assess surface waters quality. The scope of research included measurements of in situ parameters (temperature, conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen). Chemical Oxygen Demand was determined using a spectrophotometer. Ion chromatography was used to determine ions concentrations (including biogenic compounds). Sanitary state of watercourses was assessed based on fecal coliforms abundance, which number was determined by the cultivation method. The determination of microbiological parameters such as: prokaryotic cell abundance expressed as total cells number (TCN), prokaryotic cell biovolume expressed as average cell volume (ACV), the prokaryotic biomass (PB) and prokaryotic cell morphotype diversity was determined using epifluorescence microscopy method. Results showed that water quality of Piaśnica and Czarna Wda rivers were affected by discharged treated wastewater. In the case of Karwianka River, the main pollution source could be surface runoff from fields and unregulated sewage management in this area. The conducted research confirmed the urgent need for better protection of this area to conserve both its ecosystem and value for tourism. 56 E. Bączkowska, A. Kalinowska, O. Ronda, K. Jankowska, R. Bray, B. Płóciennik, Ż. Polkowska wastewater). Studies have shown that tourism puts pressure on coastal areas around the world (Gössling et al. 2018). In Europe, similar studies are currently being carried out, demonstrating the need for continuous and wider monitoring of watercourses that flow into protected areas (Grabic et al. 2018). Global change and anthropogenic activities put a heavy strain on marine ecosystems. Scientists aim to answer the questions of how to protect the environment and biodiversity without inhibiting socio-economic development and increasingly popular tourism, for example in the Doñana National Park in Spain, very well described in the literature (García-Llorente et al. 2018). Researchers from Germany and Denmark who conducted research in the area of the Wadden Sea (Sylt-Rømø Bight, Norderaue tidal basin and Jade Bay), also proved that it is crucial to develop relevant management plans to protect and benefit from ecosystems (de la Vega et al. 2018). Wastewater entering the treatment plant is a habitat for various types of microorganisms, including pathogens (Cai and Zhang 2013). As a result of proper WWTP functioning, the physical and chemical quality o
沿海景观公园(CLP)位于波兰北部,占地面积近19公顷,其中一半以上被内帕克湾和海洋沿海地区的水域覆盖。它是波兰最古老(1978年建立)的自然保护区之一(Majdak 2008)。每年有成千上万的游客参观公园,住宿数量每年都在增加(Borkowski 2019)。在夏季,有超过50万人参观中电公园及附近地区。帕克县的人口密度从每平方约150人增加。每平方公里超过850人。km(波兰统计局2016a)。每年的夏季,公园管理部门都面临着一项极其艰巨的任务,即确保来这里旅游的游客完好无损地离开这里。当然,尽管所有的努力,这并不总是有效的。除了故意破坏、非法处置垃圾、季节性住宿点缺乏卫生连接外,还有其他因素可能对生态系统产生负面影响,这些因素仅是由于该地区的季节性流行造成的,例如,排放的处理过的废水量波动。受影响最大的环境之一是地表水:河流和湖泊在夏季是非常受欢迎的旅游目的地(Krajewska和face - beneda 2016)。位于波美拉尼亚省东北部的河流不受海岸景观公园雇员的永久控制。它们的集水区并不总是在公园的范围内,公园董事会对支流没有权力,因此保护和管理非常困难。供应较大河流的溪流和沟渠通常穿过农业区,携带农场的有机污染和田地的肥料(Wojciechowska et al. 2019)。它们流经CLP地区,将污染物直接带入波罗的海(Zaborska et al. 2019)。他们还从当地的污水处理厂接收经过处理的废水。在夏季,当人口密度急剧增加时,流入污水处理厂的污水比一年中其他时期多出数千立方米,这就提出了一个问题,即在假日期间,位于旅游区的污水处理厂的效率是否足够。需要对独特的NPK地区实施全面的保护计划,该计划将完全符合由欧盟(EU)在欧洲区域发展基金(ERDF)和欧洲社会基金(ESF)下资助的博美拉尼亚省2014-2020年区域业务计划(ROP WP 2014-2020)的优先事项。2015年,开始准备对该地区发生的理化和微生物风险进行评估。在选定的测量点进行必要的理化和卫生分析(大肠杆菌数量)。在初步观测的基础上,选择了40个测量点,扩大了理化和微生物学研究的范围。中电园区分为两个区域,分别是直接流入波罗的海(第一部分)的Piaśnica、Karwianka和Czarna Wda河集水区,以及流入Puck湾(第二部分)的河流和较小的水道。所进行的研究证实,迫切需要加强对该地区的保护,以保存其生态系统和旅游价值。水道经过游泳区和海滩附近,这些地方在夏季非常受欢迎,可能会影响水质。此外,由于新冠肺炎疫情后当地旅游业的火爆,这些地区因其独特的旅游品质,未来仍可能被大量利用。本文讨论了2016年在第一部分区域进行的研究成果分析,即进入南波罗的海的小河的微生物和化学质量评价研究。第一部分:案例研究……57第二个领域(第二部分)在Baczkowska等人,2022年进行了讨论。材料与方法研究区域本研究根据滨海景观公园(CLP)的代表性特征,经与CLP管理委员会协商,选择了流经CLP的Piaśnica河、Karwianka河和Czarna Wda河三条河流进行了理化和微生物学分析。这些河流的集水区具有不同的地理条件,例如孤立的湿地和沿海低地。不同的地形条件导致不同类型土壤的产生,从而导致不同类型的集水区土地利用。Piaśnica河流域面积300平方公里,主要为森林覆盖。农业用途不超过该地区的50%。相反,Karwianka河(60平方公里)和Czarna Wda河(90平方公里)的较小集水区被65%的农田覆盖。 人为转化区c
{"title":"Microbial and chemical quality assessment of the small rivers entering the South Baltic. Part I: Case study on the watercourses in the Baltic Sea catchment area.","authors":"E. Bączkowska, A. Kalinowska, Oskar Ronda, K. Jankowska, R. Bray, Bartosz Płóciennik, Ż. Polkowska","doi":"10.24425/aep.2021.139502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2021.139502","url":null,"abstract":"The area of the Coastal Landscape Park (CLP) due to its location is extremely attractive touristic area. In the summer season, a significant increase in population density is observed, which influences surface water quality. Large numbers of tourists generate an increased amount of municipal wastewater, being treated in local treatment plants and discharged into rivers and streams. The paper presents preliminary research from summer 2016 on three watercourses ending in the Baltic Sea: Piaśnica, Karwianka and Czarna Wda rivers. It is a part of a long-term project conducted in CLP to assess surface waters quality. The scope of research included measurements of in situ parameters (temperature, conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen). Chemical Oxygen Demand was determined using a spectrophotometer. Ion chromatography was used to determine ions concentrations (including biogenic compounds). Sanitary state of watercourses was assessed based on fecal coliforms abundance, which number was determined by the cultivation method. The determination of microbiological parameters such as: prokaryotic cell abundance expressed as total cells number (TCN), prokaryotic cell biovolume expressed as average cell volume (ACV), the prokaryotic biomass (PB) and prokaryotic cell morphotype diversity was determined using epifluorescence microscopy method. Results showed that water quality of Piaśnica and Czarna Wda rivers were affected by discharged treated wastewater. In the case of Karwianka River, the main pollution source could be surface runoff from fields and unregulated sewage management in this area. The conducted research confirmed the urgent need for better protection of this area to conserve both its ecosystem and value for tourism. 56 E. Bączkowska, A. Kalinowska, O. Ronda, K. Jankowska, R. Bray, B. Płóciennik, Ż. Polkowska wastewater). Studies have shown that tourism puts pressure on coastal areas around the world (Gössling et al. 2018). In Europe, similar studies are currently being carried out, demonstrating the need for continuous and wider monitoring of watercourses that flow into protected areas (Grabic et al. 2018). Global change and anthropogenic activities put a heavy strain on marine ecosystems. Scientists aim to answer the questions of how to protect the environment and biodiversity without inhibiting socio-economic development and increasingly popular tourism, for example in the Doñana National Park in Spain, very well described in the literature (García-Llorente et al. 2018). Researchers from Germany and Denmark who conducted research in the area of the Wadden Sea (Sylt-Rømø Bight, Norderaue tidal basin and Jade Bay), also proved that it is crucial to develop relevant management plans to protect and benefit from ecosystems (de la Vega et al. 2018). Wastewater entering the treatment plant is a habitat for various types of microorganisms, including pathogens (Cai and Zhang 2013). As a result of proper WWTP functioning, the physical and chemical quality o","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85286516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}