Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/aep.2021.137277
Chen Chen, T. Cheng, Lei Wang, Yuan Tian, Q. Deng, Yisu Shi
In this work, a highly effective catalyst (MoO3) is synthesized and applied for catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater. The catalyst is systematically characterized to investigate the morphology, crystal structure and chemical composition, and the findings demostrated that MoO3 catalyst is successfully synthesized. The degradation mechanism is also illustrated by the density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The degradation experiments confirm that MoO3 catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance in CWAO, and the removal rate of TOC (Total Organic Carbon) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) is achieved to more than 93%. The catalyst doses, reaction temperature and reaction time have a significant impact on the removal of pollutants. The degradation process of pollutants in CWAO could be satisfactorily fitted by the second-order kinetics. Besides, MoO3 displays a favorable stability as CWAO catalyst. DFT calculation illustrates that MoO3 catalyst is a typical indirect band gap semiconductor. Moreover, the high temperature environment provides the thermal excitation energy, which favors to the free electrons nearing Fermi level to escape the material surface, and excites them to the conduction band, then directly reduces the pollutants in CWAO. These findings demonstrate that MoO3 can be used as an efficient and excellent catalyst for CWAO of pharmaceutical wastewater. 48 C. Chen, T. Cheng, L. Wang, Y. Tian, Q. Deng, Y. Shi produces hydroxyl radical (OH) with strong oxidation ability under the reaction conditions of high temperature and high pressure, electricity, sound, light irradiation, and catalyst. By utilizing the advanced oxidation technology, the refractory organic substances of macromolecules could be oxidized into low toxic or non-toxic small molecular substances. Schrank et al. use diverse advanced oxidation techniques of UV (Ultraviolet Light), TiO2/UV, O3 and O3/UV to degrade pollutants in tannery wastewater; it demonstrates that the biodegradation of wastewater is enhanced through oxidation, and the toxicity of pollutants is also decreased (Schrank et al, 2004). Hofman-Caris et al. removed pharmaceuticals from wastewater effluent and dissolved non-biodegradable organic matter by advanced oxidation technique. The results suggest that advanced oxidation techniques could remove multiple different pharmaceuticals and humic acid to a large extent (Hofman-Caris et al., 2017). Wet air oxidation (WAO) technology is a kind of advanced oxidation technology. It can oxidize organic substances in wastewater to small molecules or inorganic matter under the condition of high temperature (120–320°C) and high pressure (0.5 ~20 MPa). Gaseous oxygen is utilized as oxidant in this reaction. Moreover, it can treat wastewater with refractory substances, and be highly evaluated by many researchers due to its simple operation and easy industrialization. However, the WAO technology requires high temperature, and the co
本文合成了一种高效催化剂MoO3，并将其应用于催化湿式空气氧化(CWAO)处理制药废水。对催化剂进行了系统表征，研究了催化剂的形貌、晶体结构和化学成分，结果表明MoO3催化剂成功合成。通过密度泛函理论(DFT)的计算说明了降解机理。降解实验证实，MoO3催化剂在CWAO中表现出优异的催化性能，对总有机碳(TOC)和化学需氧量(COD)的去除率达到93%以上。催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对污染物的去除率有显著影响。二级动力学可以很好地拟合CWAO中污染物的降解过程。此外，MoO3作为CWAO催化剂具有良好的稳定性。DFT计算表明MoO3催化剂是一种典型的间接带隙半导体。此外，高温环境提供了热激发能，有利于接近费米能级的自由电子逃离材料表面，并将其激发到导带，从而直接减少了CWAO中的污染物。这些结果表明，MoO3可以作为一种高效、优良的制药废水CWAO催化剂。48陈春春，程涛，王丽，田艳，邓琪，石艳，在高温高压、电、声、光照射和催化剂等条件下生成氧化能力强的羟基自由基(OH)。利用先进的氧化技术，可以将难降解的大分子有机物氧化成低毒或无毒的小分子物质。Schrank等人利用UV(紫外光)、TiO2/UV、O3和O3/UV等多种高级氧化技术降解制革厂废水中的污染物;研究表明，通过氧化增强了废水的生物降解，同时降低了污染物的毒性(Schrank et al .， 2004)。Hofman-Caris等人利用高级氧化技术去除废水中的药物和溶解不可生物降解的有机物。结果表明，先进的氧化技术可以在很大程度上去除多种不同的药物和腐植酸(hoffman - caris et al.， 2017)。湿空气氧化(WAO)技术是一种先进的氧化技术。它能在高温(120-320℃)、高压(0.5 ~20 MPa)条件下将废水中的有机物氧化成小分子或无机物。在这个反应中，气态氧被用作氧化剂。此外，它还可以处理含有难降解物质的废水，由于其操作简单，易于工业化，受到许多研究者的高度评价。然而，WAO技术需要较高的温度，处理废水的成本非常高。为了解决这一问题，现有的思路是在WAO的基础上添加合适的催化剂，称为催化湿式空气氧化(CWAO)，使反应在温和的条件下进行。这样可以降低废水处理成本，提高去除效率(Kang et al .， 2011)。催化剂的开发是湿式催化氧化技术中污染物处理的关键。目前，催化湿式氧化的研究主要集中在新型催化剂的合成和材料对CWAO废水处理的影响。研究人员在CWAO中开发了一系列催化剂，如TiO2 (Lunagomez Rocha et al, 2015)、Al2O3 (Sushma et al, 2018)、CeO2 (Parvas et al, 2019)、MoO3 (Li et al, 2009, Wang et al, 2017, Wang et al, 2020b)等。其中，MoO3在降解有机污染物方面表现出良好的催化性能。Li等人将溶胶-凝胶法与静电纺丝技术相结合，合成了不同掺杂量的一维掺铈MoO3纳米纤维。研究发现，11.86wt% ceo2掺杂的纳米纤维对有机染料的快速降解具有优异的催化活性(Li et al.， 2009)。Wang等人通过水热法合成了MoO3催化剂，该催化材料在400℃下对染料废水的降解表现出良好的催化性能(Wang et al.， 2017)。Wang等人合成了高活性、稳定的纳米杂化双金属催化剂，并将其应用于有机染料的处理，在催化湿式空气氧化系统中获得了优异的降解效率(Wang etal .， 2020b)。这表明MoO3催化剂在湿式空气氧化处理工业废水领域是一种非常有效和有潜力的材料。然而，本研究在以下两个方面还存在不足。 在G厂进行了催化湿式空气氧化处理废水的实验研究
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Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/aep.2020.133470
J. Bohacz
A representative group of hydrophilic fungi from the genus Trichoderma isolated from lignocellulose composts with varying degrees of maturity was analyzed for their ability to biodegrade a harmful anthraquinone dye, i.e. Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR). In RBBR-containing post-culture liquids, there were determined the degree of RBBR decolorization, horseradish peroxidase-like, superoxide dismutase-like, and xylanase activities, and the concentrations of low-molecular phenolic compounds. The study results demonstrated that Trichoderma asperellum, T. harzianum, and T. lixii strains isolated from compost containing larger amounts of easily available lignocellulose fractions, i.e. grasses, exhibit higher RBBR decolorization effi ciency ranging from 0.3 to 62% than T. citrinoviride strains isolated from compost II, which contained greater quantities of hardly degradable lignocellulose. The decolorization of remazol blue R by the investigated Trichoderma strains intensifi ed signifi cantly with the increase in peroxidase activity and it was correlated with a decline in the content of low-molecular phenolic compounds. The dynamics of changes in the horseradish peroxidase-like, superoxide dismutase, and xylanase activities in the aqueous post-culture liquids of the investigated fungal strains depended largely on the duration of the culture. Given their ability to adapt to water environments, e.g. wastewater, and to decolorize and detoxify the RBBR anthraquinone dye, Trichoderma fungi can be used for bioremediation of such environments. Removal of a textile dye (RBBR) from the water environment by fungi isolated from lignocellulosic composts 13 (2012). The ability to biodegrade RBBR is also tested in micromycetes, as reported by Jasińska et al. (2012) and Noman et al. (2019), in Staphylococcus sp. bacteria (Velayutham et al. 2018), and in bacterial and/or fungal consortia (Khudhair et al. 2015; Lade et al. 2016). Microorganisms that grow well in the water environment are especially valuable organisms playing an important role in the biodetoxifi cation of colored industrial wastewater. They include representatives of the Trichoderma genus, which were shown by Grabińska-Łoniewska (2004) as hydrophilic well-growing and well-sporulating fungi in water environments including wastewater. Among them, fungi isolated from natural environments that are rich in lignocellulosic organic matter seem to be very promising in this regard. There is a relationship between the ligninolytic abilities of fungi and the abilities to biodegrade other aromatic compounds, including colored ones, as reported by Ulmer et al. (1984). López et al. (2006) and Chamuris et al. (2000) suggest that micromycetes isolated from composts can be potential wood lignocellulose degraders. In turn, Ryazanova et al. (2015) have demonstrated that, besides their ability to decompose cellulose, Trichoderma fungi have the ability to degrade lignin. The involvement of Trichoderma in decolorization and bi
从不同成熟度的木质纤维素堆肥中分离出一组具有代表性的木霉属亲水性真菌，对其生物降解有害的蒽醌染料Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR)的能力进行了分析。在含有RBBR的培养后液中，测定了RBBR的脱色程度，辣根过氧化物酶样、超氧化物歧化酶样和木聚糖酶活性，以及低分子酚类化合物的浓度。研究结果表明，从含有较多易降解木质纤维素组分的堆肥(即禾草)中分离的曲霉、哈氏霉和lixii菌的RBBR脱色效率为0.3 ~ 62%，高于从含有较多难降解木质纤维素的堆肥II中分离的柠檬酸霉菌株。菌株对雷马唑蓝R的脱色效果随着过氧化物酶活性的增加而显著增强，并与低分子酚类化合物含量的下降有关。真菌培养后液体中辣根过氧化物酶样酶、超氧化物歧化酶和木聚糖酶活性的动态变化很大程度上取决于培养时间的长短。鉴于木霉真菌能够适应水环境，例如废水，以及对RBBR蒽醌染料进行脱色和解毒的能力，木霉真菌可以用于这种环境的生物修复。从木质纤维素堆肥中分离的真菌从水环境中去除纺织染料(RBBR) 13(2012)。根据Jasińska等人(2012)和Noman等人(2019)的报道，还在微菌类、葡萄球菌等细菌(Velayutham等人，2018)以及细菌和/或真菌联合体(Khudhair等人，2015;Lade et al. 2016)。在水环境中生长良好的微生物是特别有价值的生物，在有色工业废水的生物解毒中起着重要作用。它们包括木霉属的代表，Grabińska-Łoniewska(2004)表明，木霉属是在包括废水在内的水环境中生长良好、产孢良好的亲水性真菌。其中，从富含木质纤维素有机质的自然环境中分离出来的真菌在这方面似乎很有前途。据Ulmer等人(1984)报道，真菌的木质素分解能力与生物降解其他芳香化合物(包括有色化合物)的能力之间存在关系。López等人(2006)和Chamuris等人(2000)认为，从堆肥中分离出的微真菌可能是潜在的木材木质纤维素降解剂。反过来，Ryazanova等人(2015)已经证明，除了分解纤维素的能力外，木霉真菌还具有降解木质素的能力。木霉参与工业后木质素的脱色和生物降解已被Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk和Korniłłowicz-Kowalska(2017)报道。考虑到一些关于微菌参与废水中有色污染物的生物改性的报道以及木霉真菌潜在的木质素降解能力，本研究的目的是评估从不同成熟度的堆肥中分离的木霉菌株对结构木质素相关的Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR)进行改性的可能性。这是一种寻找微生物菌株的新方法，可用于消除废水中存在的后工业染料，然后将其引入水中。从两种成熟程度不同的木质纤维素堆肥中分离出木霉真菌，堆肥时间分别为10、20和30周。堆肥I (PGSF)中松树皮含量为42.86%，草含量为34.28%，木屑含量为20.00%，肉鸡羽毛含量为2.86%，C/N=25。堆肥ⅱ(PSSF)中松树皮含量为25.54%，麦秸含量为10.63%，木屑含量为51.07%，肉鸡羽毛含量为12.76%，C/N=25。Bohacz(2017)进行的一项研究详细描述了堆肥过程。具有潜在生物降解木质纤维素能力的真菌，包括木霉属真菌，在培养皿中分离，每种类型的堆肥洒上5克工业木质素粉末(每种类型的堆肥9个培养皿)。在26°C下培养10周后，将菌丝转移到含有0.02% RBBR和0.25%葡萄糖的琼脂培养基上，如Korniłłowicz-Kowalska等人(2008)所述。在培养皿中表现出RBBR脱色能力的菌株，在这些真菌的液体培养中检测了它们脱色RBBR和释放木质素降解酶以及低分子化合物的能力。 选择木霉菌株进行木质素降解活性的研究，因为它们在所有分离的微菌中数量最多，占堆肥I和约30%。50%为堆肥II(未公布的数据)。根据菌落形态、孢子大小和形状、分生孢子结构等宏观和微观特征，初步鉴定了6株真菌(编号为VII、XII、XIX、VI、VIII和XXV)。观察使用奥林巴斯BX-41显微镜，CVIII4数码相机与计算机和用于存档和记录照片的Cell-A程序集成。最终验证基于系统密钥(Domsch et al. 2007)。为了确认菌种的亲缘关系，采用PCR方法对真菌进行了鉴定，并对PCR模板进行了测序。测序结果保存在GenBank中，accession number: MH571704.1 Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, MH 602297.1 Trichoderma lixii (Pat.)P. Chaverri, MH 602236.1曲霉木霉Samuels, Lieckf & Nirenberg, MH 602423.1柠檬酸木霉Bissett, MH 602287.1柠檬酸木霉Bissett和MH 602289.1柠檬酸木霉Bissett。菌株VII、XII和XIX分别在堆肥第10周、第20周和第30周从堆肥I (PGSF)中分离得到。菌株VI、VIII和XXV来源于堆肥II (PSSF)，分别在堆肥第10周、第20周和第30周分离得到。静态真菌培养是在Korniłłowicz-Kowalska等人(2008)的论文中描述的添加0.02% RBBR和0.25%葡萄糖的改良培养基上进行的。培养基中接种1个含有7天菌丝的琼脂盘。28℃培养32天。每个菌株的培养都进行了三次。分析方法在添加0.02%雷马唑亮蓝R (RBBR, C22H16N2Na2O11S3)为底物的培养液中测定木霉菌株的生物降解能力。培养4、8、12、16、20、24、28和32 d后，用孔径为0.22 μm、PVDF、直径为33 mm的Millipore滤纸过滤从菌丝体中分离出培养液，测定其脱色率、酶活性和低分子酚类化合物含量。采用分光光度法在595 nm处测定了RBBR的脱色效果，作为蒽醌类染料脱毒的可靠指标。脱色百分率(DEC)采用López等人(2006)提出的公式计算。Claiborne和Fridovich(1979)用邻二苯胺作为底物，在pH = 5.5的醋酸培养基中测定了辣根过氧化物酶样(hrp样)的活性。超氧化物歧化酶(sod样)活性的测定由Marklund和Marklund(1974)提出，并由Paździoch-Czochra等人(2003)使用邻苯三酚作为底物，在0.5 M TRIS-HCl buff中，pH为8.5，
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Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/AEP.2019.130240
Łukasz Jałowiecki, G. Płaza, H. Ejhed, Monika Nawrotek
{"title":"Aerobic biodegradation of norfloxacin and ofloxacin by a microbial consortium","authors":"Łukasz Jałowiecki, G. Płaza, H. Ejhed, Monika Nawrotek","doi":"10.24425/AEP.2019.130240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/AEP.2019.130240","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":"31 8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78322463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/aep.2022.142692
Asifa Alam, Adeel Mahmood, M. N. Chaudhry, Sajid Rashid, Noor Ul Safa, H. Alghamdi, Heba Waheeb Saeed Alhamdi, Rizwan Ullah
: Environmental risk assessment is one of the key tools in environmental engineering. This risk assessment can be qualitative or quantitative and it is based on preliminary studies i
{"title":"Baseline study in environmental risk assessment: site-specific model development and application","authors":"Asifa Alam, Adeel Mahmood, M. N. Chaudhry, Sajid Rashid, Noor Ul Safa, H. Alghamdi, Heba Waheeb Saeed Alhamdi, Rizwan Ullah","doi":"10.24425/aep.2022.142692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2022.142692","url":null,"abstract":": Environmental risk assessment is one of the key tools in environmental engineering. This risk assessment can be qualitative or quantitative and it is based on preliminary studies i","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":"237 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78540090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/aep.2018.122287
M. Michel, L. Reczek, T. Siwiec, P. Rudnicki
problem is that organic contaminants removal in the system of treatment is not suf fi cient, which makes it dif fi cult to use the treated water as technological water for the needs of the manufacturing plant. This water contains organic contaminations that are by-products of the fermentation process. Part of them are volatile compounds, which migrate through the two-stage RO system. The aim of this work was to estimate the Fenton and Fenton-like reactions suitability to decrease the concentration of the organic compounds in the evaporative water from yeast slurry concentration. There were determined the conditions, which have a signi fi cant in fl uence on the achievement of the highest mineralization of the organic compounds. Abstract: Evaporative water from yeast slurry concentration is acidic, low mineralized and contains large amounts of dissolved organic contaminants. The treatment of evaporative water from yeast slurry concentration by Fenton (Fe(II)/H 2 O 2 ) and Fenton-like (Fe(III)/H 2 O 2 ) reactions has been studied. The processes in terms of system variables have been compared: catalyst and oxidant doses, initial pH, temperature of reaction, and the reaction kinetic. For determination of mineralization ef fi ciency the total organic carbon (TOC) in water before and after reactions was measured. The Fenton reaction was more ef fi cient for mineralization of organic compounds: the highest ef fi ciency of TOC removal was 45–50%, while for the Fenton-like it was 20–30%. The pH adjustment of evaporative water in the range of 2–5 did not change the ef fi ciency of treatment. Temperature of 30°C was the most favorable for both reactions. The Lumped Kinetic Model fi tted very well the experimental results. The reaction rate analysis indicated that the rate of direct mineralization of organic compounds is similar to the rate of its oxidation to organic intermediates, its selectivity factor was more favorable to the Fenton reaction. The strong correlation between chemical oxygen demand (COD) and TOC in evaporative water after the Fenton and Fenton-like reactions has been determined, providing a simple tool for calculating COD on the basis of values of TOC measurement.
{"title":"Treatment of evaporative water from brewer’s yeast concentration by Fenton and Fenton-like processes","authors":"M. Michel, L. Reczek, T. Siwiec, P. Rudnicki","doi":"10.24425/aep.2018.122287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2018.122287","url":null,"abstract":"problem is that organic contaminants removal in the system of treatment is not suf fi cient, which makes it dif fi cult to use the treated water as technological water for the needs of the manufacturing plant. This water contains organic contaminations that are by-products of the fermentation process. Part of them are volatile compounds, which migrate through the two-stage RO system. The aim of this work was to estimate the Fenton and Fenton-like reactions suitability to decrease the concentration of the organic compounds in the evaporative water from yeast slurry concentration. There were determined the conditions, which have a signi fi cant in fl uence on the achievement of the highest mineralization of the organic compounds. Abstract: Evaporative water from yeast slurry concentration is acidic, low mineralized and contains large amounts of dissolved organic contaminants. The treatment of evaporative water from yeast slurry concentration by Fenton (Fe(II)/H 2 O 2 ) and Fenton-like (Fe(III)/H 2 O 2 ) reactions has been studied. The processes in terms of system variables have been compared: catalyst and oxidant doses, initial pH, temperature of reaction, and the reaction kinetic. For determination of mineralization ef fi ciency the total organic carbon (TOC) in water before and after reactions was measured. The Fenton reaction was more ef fi cient for mineralization of organic compounds: the highest ef fi ciency of TOC removal was 45–50%, while for the Fenton-like it was 20–30%. The pH adjustment of evaporative water in the range of 2–5 did not change the ef fi ciency of treatment. Temperature of 30°C was the most favorable for both reactions. The Lumped Kinetic Model fi tted very well the experimental results. The reaction rate analysis indicated that the rate of direct mineralization of organic compounds is similar to the rate of its oxidation to organic intermediates, its selectivity factor was more favorable to the Fenton reaction. The strong correlation between chemical oxygen demand (COD) and TOC in evaporative water after the Fenton and Fenton-like reactions has been determined, providing a simple tool for calculating COD on the basis of values of TOC measurement.","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73039236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/aep.2020.135768
E. Szeląg-Wasielewska, A. Dąbrowska
{"title":"Vertical distribution of aldehydesand phytoplankton structure: a case studyof urban lake","authors":"E. Szeląg-Wasielewska, A. Dąbrowska","doi":"10.24425/aep.2020.135768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2020.135768","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87449858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/aep.2020.135769
A. Pohl, M. Kostecki
{"title":"Spatial distribution, ecological risk and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and bottom sediments of the anthropogeniclymnic ecosystems under conditions of diversified anthropopressure","authors":"A. Pohl, M. Kostecki","doi":"10.24425/aep.2020.135769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2020.135769","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":"276 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73480282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/AEP.2020.132523
M. Kisielewska, M. Dębowski, M. Zieliński
tertiolecta to 587 mL CH 4 /g VS for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Ward et al. 2014). Diffi culties in anaerobic digestion of microalgae biomass may be attributed to several key factors, such as low concentration of digestible substrate, necessity of pretreatment of algae biomass, unbalanced nutrients in microalgae biomass, the cell wall degradability, the use of limited organic loading rates (OLRs) of the digesters as well as short term storage of biomass (Wirth et al. 2015, Montingelli et al. 2015, Klassen et al. 2015, Ward et al. 2014). It has been also postulated that biogas production cannot be predicted based on the taxonomic group of the algae that are used (Mussgnug et al. 2010), thus experiments must determine the quantity and composition of biogas that can be produced with the individual algal species as a substrate for anaerobic digestion (Ward et al. 2014). The objective of the study was to determine how the use of the three microalgae taxonomic groups of Chlorophyta , Cyanoprokaryota and Bacillariophyceae aff ects the yield and the composition of biogas produced by anaerobic digestion. Abstract: This study investigated the potential of three microalgae taxonomic groups of Chlorophyta , Cyanoprokaryota and Bacillariophyceae for biogas production. Biogas potential was assessed in mesophilic anaerobic digestion batch tests over a period of 20 days. The cumulative biogas yield (CBY) of Chlorophyta and Cyanoprocaryota was respectively 396.21 mL/g Volatile Solids (VS) and 382.45 mL/g VS. Bacillariophyceae digestion showed lower biogas production of 357.07 mL/g VS. The highest cumulative methane yield (CMY) of 241.25 mL CH 4 /g VS was recorded for Cyanoprocaryota biomass, which was signifi cantly higher (p<0.05) than the other two types of microalgae. The highest methane content in biogas of 63.08% was observed with Cyanoprokaryota. Chemical composition of biomass as well as biogas productivity are infl uenced by algal taxonomy.
莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)的ch4含量为587 mL /g VS (Ward et al. 2014)。微藻生物质厌氧消化的困难可能归因于几个关键因素，如可消化底物浓度低、藻类生物质预处理的必要性、微藻生物质中的营养物质不平衡、细胞壁可降解性、利用沼气池的有限有机负荷率(OLRs)以及生物质的短期储存(Wirth et al. 2015, Montingelli et al. 2015, Klassen et al. 2015, Ward et al. 2014)。也有人认为，不能根据所使用的藻类的分类群来预测沼气的产量(Mussgnug等人，2010)，因此实验必须确定单个藻类作为厌氧消化底物可以产生的沼气的数量和组成(Ward等人，2014)。本研究的目的是确定绿藻、蓝藻原核和硅藻三个微藻分类类群的使用对厌氧消化产气量和沼气组成的影响。摘要:本研究探讨了绿藻、蓝藻原核和硅藻三个微藻分类类群的产气潜力。在为期20天的中温厌氧消化批次试验中评估了沼气潜力。绿藻和蓝藻的累积产气量分别为396.21 mL/g挥发性固体(VS)和382.45 mL/g，硅藻消化的累积产气量较低，为357.07 mL/g，蓝藻的累积产气量最高，为241.25 mL ch4 /g VS，显著高于其他两种微藻(p<0.05)。蓝原核生物的甲烷含量最高，达63.08%。生物量的化学组成和沼气产量受藻类分类的影响。
{"title":"Comparison of biogas production from anaerobic digestion of microalgae species belonged to various taxonomic groups","authors":"M. Kisielewska, M. Dębowski, M. Zieliński","doi":"10.24425/AEP.2020.132523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/AEP.2020.132523","url":null,"abstract":"tertiolecta to 587 mL CH 4 /g VS for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Ward et al. 2014). Diffi culties in anaerobic digestion of microalgae biomass may be attributed to several key factors, such as low concentration of digestible substrate, necessity of pretreatment of algae biomass, unbalanced nutrients in microalgae biomass, the cell wall degradability, the use of limited organic loading rates (OLRs) of the digesters as well as short term storage of biomass (Wirth et al. 2015, Montingelli et al. 2015, Klassen et al. 2015, Ward et al. 2014). It has been also postulated that biogas production cannot be predicted based on the taxonomic group of the algae that are used (Mussgnug et al. 2010), thus experiments must determine the quantity and composition of biogas that can be produced with the individual algal species as a substrate for anaerobic digestion (Ward et al. 2014). The objective of the study was to determine how the use of the three microalgae taxonomic groups of Chlorophyta , Cyanoprokaryota and Bacillariophyceae aff ects the yield and the composition of biogas produced by anaerobic digestion. Abstract: This study investigated the potential of three microalgae taxonomic groups of Chlorophyta , Cyanoprokaryota and Bacillariophyceae for biogas production. Biogas potential was assessed in mesophilic anaerobic digestion batch tests over a period of 20 days. The cumulative biogas yield (CBY) of Chlorophyta and Cyanoprocaryota was respectively 396.21 mL/g Volatile Solids (VS) and 382.45 mL/g VS. Bacillariophyceae digestion showed lower biogas production of 357.07 mL/g VS. The highest cumulative methane yield (CMY) of 241.25 mL CH 4 /g VS was recorded for Cyanoprocaryota biomass, which was signifi cantly higher (p<0.05) than the other two types of microalgae. The highest methane content in biogas of 63.08% was observed with Cyanoprokaryota. Chemical composition of biomass as well as biogas productivity are infl uenced by algal taxonomy.","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83056699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/aep.2019.124829
Joanna Sadkowska, Magda Caban, M. Chmielewski, P. Stepnowski, J. Kumirska
The sustainable development of human activities is directly related to the protection of the environment by lowering the anthropogenic stress. Pharmaceuticals – due to their growing consumption (use in medicine, veterinary, animal production, cosmetics) and their incomplete removal in wastewater treatment plants – are classifi ed as a group of new and rapidly emerging pollutants which have been proven to have a negative impact onto water organisms. In order to ensure the proper protection of human health and the environment there is an urgent necessity of determining pharmaceuticals in clinical, cosmetic, food and environmental samples. Gas (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are valuable techniques for such determination, especially when they are coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS; LC-MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS; LC-MS/MS). The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of sustainability features of analytical techniques in the light of necessity to determine trace amounts of pharmaceuticals in the aforementioned different matrices. Using the Delphi method we performed an analysis of the key sources of the competitive advantages of the application of GC and GC-MS techniques for determining the pharmaceutical residue in clinical, cosmetic, food and environmental samples – compared to techniques based on HPLC or LC-MS. The analysis covered the following areas: (i) the features of the technique, (ii) the price, and (iii) the applicability in various sectors of economy. The use of gas chromatography for determining pharmaceutical residues in clinical, cosmetic, food and environmental... 43 as volatile derivatives (30%) (own calculation). For the remaining 65% of the pharmaceuticals, the technique used most frequently is HPLC or LC-MS/MS. Table 1 summarizes the most important attributes in favor of using the GC and the GC-MS techniques compared to LC-based techniques. Gas chromatography is classifi ed as a high-resolution technique. This is mainly due to the many times higher effi ciency of GC columns, in relation to columns used in LC. The large number of the analytes possible to be determined in one chromatographic run directly infl uences the reduction of Table 1. Analysis of the key sources of the competitive advantage of GC compared to LC techniques, in relation to its attributes No. The source of competitive advantage Rating of the advantage Characteristic 1 Uniqueness of the service Signifi cant for 35% of pharmaceuticals The existing demand for determination of pharmaceuticals using GC is not large. Literature data also indicates a dominant share of the LC technique used in such analyses, e.g.: according to Scopus, as of 30.01.2018, 3874 reports on the analyses of pharmaceutical residues using the GC technique and respectively 18137 reports using the LC technique were recorded. It should be underlined, that when determinations must be carried out in regulated fi elds, the selection of the measuring tec
在GC和GC- ms的情况下，
{"title":"The use of gas chromatography for determining pharmaceutical residues in clinical, cosmetic, food and environmental samples in the light of the requirements of sustainable development","authors":"Joanna Sadkowska, Magda Caban, M. Chmielewski, P. Stepnowski, J. Kumirska","doi":"10.24425/aep.2019.124829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2019.124829","url":null,"abstract":"The sustainable development of human activities is directly related to the protection of the environment by lowering the anthropogenic stress. Pharmaceuticals – due to their growing consumption (use in medicine, veterinary, animal production, cosmetics) and their incomplete removal in wastewater treatment plants – are classifi ed as a group of new and rapidly emerging pollutants which have been proven to have a negative impact onto water organisms. In order to ensure the proper protection of human health and the environment there is an urgent necessity of determining pharmaceuticals in clinical, cosmetic, food and environmental samples. Gas (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are valuable techniques for such determination, especially when they are coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS; LC-MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS; LC-MS/MS). The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of sustainability features of analytical techniques in the light of necessity to determine trace amounts of pharmaceuticals in the aforementioned different matrices. Using the Delphi method we performed an analysis of the key sources of the competitive advantages of the application of GC and GC-MS techniques for determining the pharmaceutical residue in clinical, cosmetic, food and environmental samples – compared to techniques based on HPLC or LC-MS. The analysis covered the following areas: (i) the features of the technique, (ii) the price, and (iii) the applicability in various sectors of economy. The use of gas chromatography for determining pharmaceutical residues in clinical, cosmetic, food and environmental... 43 as volatile derivatives (30%) (own calculation). For the remaining 65% of the pharmaceuticals, the technique used most frequently is HPLC or LC-MS/MS. Table 1 summarizes the most important attributes in favor of using the GC and the GC-MS techniques compared to LC-based techniques. Gas chromatography is classifi ed as a high-resolution technique. This is mainly due to the many times higher effi ciency of GC columns, in relation to columns used in LC. The large number of the analytes possible to be determined in one chromatographic run directly infl uences the reduction of Table 1. Analysis of the key sources of the competitive advantage of GC compared to LC techniques, in relation to its attributes No. The source of competitive advantage Rating of the advantage Characteristic 1 Uniqueness of the service Signifi cant for 35% of pharmaceuticals The existing demand for determination of pharmaceuticals using GC is not large. Literature data also indicates a dominant share of the LC technique used in such analyses, e.g.: according to Scopus, as of 30.01.2018, 3874 reports on the analyses of pharmaceutical residues using the GC technique and respectively 18137 reports using the LC technique were recorded. It should be underlined, that when determinations must be carried out in regulated fi elds, the selection of the measuring tec","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83561197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24425/AEP.2020.132528
M. Wilk, M. Krzywonos
2014), yeast (Tiwari et al. 2014, Mahgoub et al. 2016) and bacteria (Santal et al. 2016, Boopathy and Senthilkumar 2014) for color removing. Because of high pollution loads, many researchers treat vinasse before decolorization. The vinasse is centrifuged, fi ltered or anaerobically treated (Tiwari and Gaur 2014, Boopathy and Senthilkumar 2014, Tondee and Sirianuntapiboon 2008, Ravikumar et al. 2013). Other researchers did not use wastewater from distilleries but synthetic melanoidins, which are easier to decolorize (Agnihotri 2015, Santal et al. 2016). In our study we used sugar beet molasses vinasse without pretreatment. Moreover, this kind of wastewater has not been tested by other researchers because they have focused on cane vinasse (Espana-Gamboa 2015, Shukla 2014). The aim of our study was to optimize the medium composition and the process conditions of sugar beet molasses vinasse decolorization by Lactobacillus plantarum MiLAB393. The optimization of the concentrations of glucose and yeast extract using experimental design (DOE) was made at the stage of shake-fl ask cultures. During the batch experiment, the Abstract: Sugar beet molasses vinasse is a high-strength distillery wastewater. It contains colored substances which signifi cantly aff ect the degree of pollution and toxicity of vinasse. This study aimed to optimize the medium composition and the process condition of sugar beet molasses vinasse decolorization by Lactobacillus plantarum MiLAB393. The research was conducted in two stages: the shake-fl ask stage in the 250 cm 3 Erlenmeyer fl asks and the batch experiments in the 5 dm 3 working volume stirred-tank bioreactor. During the study, the concentrations of glucose and yeast extract were optimized using experimental design of experiments (DOE). The infl uences of the initial value of pH and pH control, temperature, stirrer speed and glucose concentration on decolorization were tested. The highest color reduction of 24.1% was achieved for an experiment in which 24.93 g/dm 3 of glucose was added to the medium and stirrer speed was 200 rpm. This effi ciency of 30% v/v sugar beet molasses vinasse decolorization was obtained at non-controlled pH 6.0 and at 35.8°C. It was found that pH control determines vinasse decolorization. When the pH was controlled, decolorization did not exceed 9%. The glucose and yeast extract concentration and the stirrer speed have a great infl uence on the process. Changes in these parameters may increase biomass growth while decreasing the decolorization.
酵母(Tiwari et al. 2014, Mahgoub et al. 2016)和细菌(Santal et al. 2016, Boopathy and Senthilkumar 2014)用于脱色。由于高污染负荷，许多研究人员在脱色前处理酒糟。对酒液进行离心、过滤或厌氧处理(Tiwari and Gaur 2014, Boopathy and Senthilkumar 2014, Tondee and Sirianuntapiboon 2008, Ravikumar et al. 2013)。其他研究人员没有使用酿酒厂的废水，而是使用更容易脱色的合成类黑素(Agnihotri 2015, Santal et al. 2016)。在我们的研究中，我们使用甜菜糖蜜酒液未经预处理。此外，这类废水还没有被其他研究人员测试过，因为他们专注于甘蔗酒液(Espana-Gamboa 2015, Shukla 2014)。本研究旨在优化植物乳杆菌MiLAB393对甜菜糖蜜酒糟脱色的培养基组成和工艺条件。采用实验设计法(DOE)对摇摇培养阶段葡萄糖和酵母浸膏的浓度进行了优化。摘要:甜菜糖蜜酒糟是一种高强度的蒸馏废水。它所含的有色物质对酒糟的污染程度和毒性有显著影响。本研究旨在优化植物乳杆菌MiLAB393对甜菜糖蜜酒糟脱色的培养基组成和工艺条件。研究分两个阶段进行:250cm3的Erlenmeyer生物反应器中的摇床阶段和5dm3工作体积的搅拌槽生物反应器中的批量实验。在研究过程中，采用试验设计法(DOE)对葡萄糖和酵母浸膏的浓度进行优化。考察了pH初始值、pH控制值、温度、搅拌速度和葡萄糖浓度对脱色效果的影响。当培养基中加入24.93 g/dm / 3的葡萄糖，搅拌速度为200 rpm时，颜色降低率最高，为24.1%。在非控制pH 6.0和35.8℃条件下，甜菜糖蜜酒液脱色效率为30% v/v。发现pH值的控制决定了酒液的脱色效果。控制pH时，脱色率不超过9%。葡萄糖和酵母浸膏的浓度和搅拌速度对发酵过程有很大的影响。这些参数的变化可以增加生物量的增长，同时降低脱色。
{"title":"Distillery wastewater decolorization by Lactobacillus plantarum MiLAB393","authors":"M. Wilk, M. Krzywonos","doi":"10.24425/AEP.2020.132528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/AEP.2020.132528","url":null,"abstract":"2014), yeast (Tiwari et al. 2014, Mahgoub et al. 2016) and bacteria (Santal et al. 2016, Boopathy and Senthilkumar 2014) for color removing. Because of high pollution loads, many researchers treat vinasse before decolorization. The vinasse is centrifuged, fi ltered or anaerobically treated (Tiwari and Gaur 2014, Boopathy and Senthilkumar 2014, Tondee and Sirianuntapiboon 2008, Ravikumar et al. 2013). Other researchers did not use wastewater from distilleries but synthetic melanoidins, which are easier to decolorize (Agnihotri 2015, Santal et al. 2016). In our study we used sugar beet molasses vinasse without pretreatment. Moreover, this kind of wastewater has not been tested by other researchers because they have focused on cane vinasse (Espana-Gamboa 2015, Shukla 2014). The aim of our study was to optimize the medium composition and the process conditions of sugar beet molasses vinasse decolorization by Lactobacillus plantarum MiLAB393. The optimization of the concentrations of glucose and yeast extract using experimental design (DOE) was made at the stage of shake-fl ask cultures. During the batch experiment, the Abstract: Sugar beet molasses vinasse is a high-strength distillery wastewater. It contains colored substances which signifi cantly aff ect the degree of pollution and toxicity of vinasse. This study aimed to optimize the medium composition and the process condition of sugar beet molasses vinasse decolorization by Lactobacillus plantarum MiLAB393. The research was conducted in two stages: the shake-fl ask stage in the 250 cm 3 Erlenmeyer fl asks and the batch experiments in the 5 dm 3 working volume stirred-tank bioreactor. During the study, the concentrations of glucose and yeast extract were optimized using experimental design of experiments (DOE). The infl uences of the initial value of pH and pH control, temperature, stirrer speed and glucose concentration on decolorization were tested. The highest color reduction of 24.1% was achieved for an experiment in which 24.93 g/dm 3 of glucose was added to the medium and stirrer speed was 200 rpm. This effi ciency of 30% v/v sugar beet molasses vinasse decolorization was obtained at non-controlled pH 6.0 and at 35.8°C. It was found that pH control determines vinasse decolorization. When the pH was controlled, decolorization did not exceed 9%. The glucose and yeast extract concentration and the stirrer speed have a great infl uence on the process. Changes in these parameters may increase biomass growth while decreasing the decolorization.","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86235970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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