Archives of Environmental Protection最新文献

{"title":"Optimum site selection for oil spill response center in the Marmara Sea using the AHP-TOPSIS method","authors":"B. Koseoglu, M. Buber, A. Toz","doi":"10.24425/aep.2018.122302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2018.122302","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to determine the optimum location for an oil spill response center in the Marmara Sea. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for the order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method as the most preferred multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique were used. The results reveal that the LOC criterion and PRA sub-criterion have the highest effects on the optimal location selection of the oil spill response center. According to the results, the most suitable location for the oil spill response center in the region is Izmit Bay Entrance. This location has been proposed for the response headquarters to manage the whole operation with the assistance of auxiliary installations in the area. In this study, only technical and operational variables are taken into account, but political and administrative criteria are excluded. Optimum site selection for oil spill response center in the Marmara Sea using the AHP-TOPSIS method 39 an integer programming model to determine the strategic response operations, which mainly aims to set optimum reaction times. Verma et al. (2013) developed a probabilistic formulation that optimizes the location and capacity of oil spill response centers. Ha (2018) performed a local pollution risk assessment based on accident probability and post-accident sensitivity using the AHP method in Korea. The studies focusing on oil spill matters are mostly concentrated in the strategic regions including straits, narrow channels, gateways and inner seas. For this reason, the Marmara Sea and the Turkish straits have always been in the focus of those studies for years. Guvenet al. (1996) performed a study dealing with the effects of oil pollution from Nassia tanker in Istanbul Strait. Otay and Yenigun (2000) simulated the weathering processes of oil spill from Volganeft-248 in Istanbul Strait. Ors (2003) and Basar (2010) used simulation technique to predict weathering processes of oil in the Marmara Sea and Istanbul Strait. Dogan and Burak (2007) aimed to determine ecological hazard level in Turkish straits and Marmara Sea considering ship originated pollution. Alpar and Unlu (2007) performed environmental risk assessment through “chemical fi ngerprint approach” after the Volganeft-248 accident. Basar et al. (2006) utilized simulation technique to fi nd risky areas for oil spillage after tanker accident at Istanbul Strait. Guven et al. (2007) aimed to determine pollution level of sediments of Turkish Straits and the Marmara Sea using sampling method between 2005 and 2007. Unlu (2007), in his study, characterized the chemical composition of the unknown oil spilled from the Haydarpasa Port through “advanced fi ngerprinting techniques and diagnostic ratio” method. Birpınar et al. (2009) tried to defi ne environmental effects of maritime traffi c on the Istanbul Strait through literature review. Bozkurtoglu (2017) used simulation technique to predict oil spill trajectory in the Istanbul ","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81112406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encapsulation of halloysite with sodium alginate and application in the adsorption of copper from rainwater","authors":"Anna Marszałek","doi":"10.24425/aep.2022.140546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2022.140546","url":null,"abstract":"by-products (Li et al. 2020). Currently, new sorption materials have been found for water purification that are readily available, economical and environmentally friendly. Clay materials are one of the cheap and natural adsorbents (Zhao et al. 2021). The use of natural clay minerals as adsorbents is widely used due to their high efficiency, relatively low operating costs and the possibility of recycling and regeneration (Derafa Garmia et al. 2018). Encapsulation has many advantages. One of them is the immobilization of the fine adsorbent powder. Adsorption with finely powdered material causes problems in recovering fine clay particles from the water, which additionally increases the turbidity of the water. Therefore, encapsulation of halloysite with sodium alginate polymer can be proposed as a solution to avoid these problems. Adsorbents should have good sorption capacity for heavy metals and appropriate porosity ensuring their removal (Pawar et al. 2020). As part of this study, laboratory-scale experiments were carried out to assess the effectiveness of the use of composite capsules based on halloysite and sodium alginate for the adsorption of copper","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85904184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of cyclohexane and ethanol from air in biotrickling filters inoculated with Candida albicans and Candida subhashii","authors":"P. Rybarczyk, Milena Marycz, Bartosz Szulczyński, A. Brillowska-Dąbrowska, Agnieszka Rybarczyk, J. Gębicki","doi":"10.24425/aep.2021.136445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2021.136445","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents investigations on the removal of cyclohexane and ethanol from air in polyurethane-packed biotrickling filters, inoculated with Candida albicans and Candida subhashii fungal species. Results on process performance together with flow cytometry analyses of the biofilm formed over packing elements are presented and discussed. The results indicate that the presence of ethanol enhances the removal efficiency of cyclohexane from air. This synergistic effect may be attributed to both co-metabolism of cyclohexane with ethanol as well as increased sorption efficiency of cyclohexane to mineral salt medium in the presence of ethanol. Maximum elimination capacities of 89 g m-3 h-1 and 36.7 g m-3 h-1 were noted for cyclohexane and ethanol, respectively, when a mixture of these compounds was treated in a biofilter inoculated with C. subhashii. Results of flow cytometry analyses after 100 days of biofiltration revealed that about 91% and 88% of cells in biofilm remained actively dividing, respectively for C. albicans and C. subhashii species, indicating their good condition and ability to utilize cyclohexane and ethanol as a carbon source. Removal of cyclohexane and ethanol from air in biotrickling fi lters inoculated with Candida albicans... 27 break the mass transfer barrier between gaseous and aqueous (i.e. biofilm) phases and the rate of their biodegradation is mainly governed by the rate of biodegradation within the biofilm. Contrary, for poorly water-soluble compounds, i.e. hydrophobic ones, the efficiency of biofiltration depends greatly on the mass transfer rate between the above mentioned phases, and thus the biofiltration efficiency is much lower than for hydrophilic compounds (Cheng et al. 2016; Gospodarek et al. 2019). Several measures may be applied to improve the biofiltration performance with respect to hydrophobic compounds, including the addition of surfactants, especially biosurfactants, application of selected microbial species, including fungi, reactor modification, selection of proper process conditions as well as co-treatment with hydrophilic compounds (Cheng et al. 2020; He et al. 2020; Miller et al. 2019; Miller et al. 2020; Rybarczyk et al. 2020, 2019b; Yang et al. 2018, 2010). In this paper, the possibility of using selected Candida fungi to simultaneously remove from air compounds with extremely different affinity to the aqueous phase was investigated. Hydrophobic cyclohexane and hydrophilic ethanol were used as model compounds. These compounds are found in post-processing gases from, e.g., paint, petroleum and food industries (Avalos Ramirez et al. 2007; Zhanga et al. 2018). Biotrickling filtration of air containing single cyclohexane or ethanol was previously investigated (Avalos Ramirez et al. 2007; Cox et al. 2001; Salamanca et al. 2017). In this paper, a mixture of cyclohexane and ethanol was subjected to biofiltration in two biotrickling filters, inoculated with Candida albicans and Candida subhashii, respecti","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81313876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of catalytic processes for biodiesel production wastewater treatment","authors":"T. Borralho, Solange Coelho, Andreia Estrelo","doi":"10.24425/aep.2019.127981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2019.127981","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the possibility of removing organic compounds from wastewater originating from the biodiesel purifi cation stage by two catalytic processes, HSO5 -/transition metal and Fenton method has been presented. The source of the ion HSO5 is potassium monopersulphate (2KHSO5∙KHSO4∙K2SO4) (Oxone) that may be decomposed into radicals (OH., SO4 -., SO5 -.) by means of transition metal as Co (II). Different concentrations were used for both compounds and the combination ([Co2+] =1.00μM/[HSO5 -] =5.00×10-2 M) achieved the highest COD removal (60%) and complete decomposition of the oxidant was verifi ed for contact times of 45 min. This process has some advantages comparing to the conventional Fenton method such as the absence of the costly pH adjustment and the Fe(III) hydroxide sludge which characterize this treatment process. The Fenton process showed that the combination of [H2O2] =2.00M/[Fe 2+] = 0.70 M was the best and archived COD removal of 80%. The treatments studied in this research have achieved high COD removal, but the wastewater from the biodiesel purifi cation stage presents very high parametric values of Chemical Oxygen Demand (667,000 mgO2/L), so the fi nal COD concentration reached is still above the emission limit of discharge in surface water, according the Portuguese Law (Decree-Law 236/98). However, both treatments have proved to be feasible techniques for the pre-oxidation of the wastewater under study and can be considered as a suitable pre-treatment for this type of wastewaters. A rough economic analysis of both processes was, also, made. Archives vol 45 no 2 a4 srodki.indd 66 2019-05-09 14:53:01 Study of catalytic processes for biodiesel production wastewater treatment 67 2012, Chi et al. 2016, Wang and Chu 2012) thereby providing mechanisms for reaction with some advantages comparing to hydroxyl radicals (Hu and Long 2016, Oh et al. 2016). Oxone can also be decomposed into radicals by means of transition metals, such as Co (II), Ru (II) and Mn (II) (Rivas et al. 2012), according Eqs.1, 2 and 3: HSO5 + M n+ → SO4 .+M(n+1) + + OH(Eq. 1) HSO5 + M n+ → SO4 +M(n+1) + + OH. (Eq. 2) HSO5 + M n+ → SO5 +M(n+1) + + H+ (Eq. 3) M = Co (II), Ru (II) or Mn (II) Co (II) has been reported as one of the most effective metal catalysts for the activation of HSO5 promoting a radical sulphate complex mechanism (Rivas et al. 2012, Sun et al. 2009). So, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two catalytic treatments based in advanced oxidation processes; the traditional Fenton process and the emerging treatment that uses the compound monopersulphate (HSO5 -) on the removal of wastewater COD from the biodiesel purifi cation stage. Several combinations of the amounts of oxidant/catalyst have been investigated and optimum conditions assessed. Materials and methods Materials and chemical reagents Table 1 summarises the physicochemical characteristics of the biodiesel wastewater used, provided by PRIO (Prio Energy Co). T","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88389955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on aerobic lipid substrate elimination by microbial consortium","authors":"Witold Nocoń, Anna Węgrzyn, Mieczysław Metzger","doi":"10.24425/aep.2020.134539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2020.134539","url":null,"abstract":": The purpose of this study was to validate the applicability of specialized microbial consortium for the degradation of lipids in wastewater. An experimental model of the process is proposed that enables prediction of the required batch length. This model can be used for supervision of the process and to control cycles of the batch reactor. The study involved 4 reactors with microbial consortium obtained by inoculation from a commercially available biopreparate. Each reactor was fed a diff erent load of lipid containing substrate. The biodiversity, settling characteristics and COD reductions were measured. The biodiversity of the microbial consortium changed within a range of ±15% depending on lipids concentration, as shown by the Shannon index and increasing amount of β-proteobacteria. Higher concentrations of lipids increased the biodiversity suggesting higher growth of microorganisms capable of utilizing lipids as energy and carbon source by producing lipid hydrolyzing enzymes. High lipid concentrations degrade the settling capabilities of the biomass. Higher lipid concentrations (0.5–2.0 [g","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86715895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal sludge management: Insights from selected cities in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"E. A. Odey, B. O. Abo, A. Giwa, Zifu Li","doi":"10.24425/aep.2019.127984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2019.127984","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83290685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report on implementation of response surface methodology for the biodegradation of textile industrial effluents by Coniophora puteana IEBL-1","authors":"R. T. Mahmood, M. Asad, M. Asgher, Tayyaba Zainab, M. Zafar, S. H. Hadri, I. Ali, Nasib Zaman, F. H. Wattoo","doi":"10.24425/aep.2019.130241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2019.130241","url":null,"abstract":": The current study was aimed to evaluate the industrial ef fl uents biodegradation potential of an indigenous microorganism which reduced water pollution caused by these ef fl uents. In the present study biodegradation of three textile industrial ef fl uents was performed with locally isolated brown rot fungi named Coniophora puteana IEBL-1. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed under Box Bhenken Design (BBD) for the optimization of physical and nutritional parameters for maximum biodegradation. Quality of treated ef fl uents was checked by study of BOD, COD and analysis through HPLC. Three ligninolytic enzymes named lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase were also studied during the biodegradation process. The results showed that there was more than 85% biodegradation achieved for all three ef fl uents with decrease in Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) below the recommended values for industrial ef fl uent i.e. 80 mg/L for BOD and 220 mg/L for COD after optimization of nutritional parameters in the second stage. Analysis of samples through HPLC revealed the formation of less toxic diphenylamine, 3-methyldiphenylamine and N-methylaniline after treatment. The ligninolytic enzymes assays con fi rmed the role of lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84773590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The beneficial role of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in phytoremediation of wetland plants and tolerance to metal stress","authors":"W. Sidhoum, Z. Fortas","doi":"10.24425/AEP.2019.125916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/AEP.2019.125916","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of fi ve plants namely Atriplex halimus L., A. canescens (Pursh) Nutt., Suaeda fruticosa (Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel.), Marrubium vulgare L. and Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter from two selected wetlands in northwest Algeria subjected to house and industrial effl uents were examined to assess their arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) diversity and colonization, as well as to determine their tolerance and ability in accumulating metallic trace elements (MTEs). The purpose was to investigate whether, or not, these fungi are related to metallic uptake. Arbuscular mycorrhizal association was observed in all plant species, since the dual association between AMF and dark septate endophytes (DSE) was found in roots of 80% plants species. Hence, the decreasing trend of metal accumulation in most plant organs was Zn>Cu>Pb, and the most effi cient species were M. vulgare> S. fruticosa> A. canescens> D. viscosa> A. halimus. The bioaccumulator factors exceeded the critical value (1.0) and the transport factors indicated that all these species were phytoremediators. Pearson correlation showed that Cd bioaccumulation and translocation were inhibited by AMF infection; meanwhile Zn, Pb and Cd accumulation were affected by AMF spore density and species richness, DSE frequency, pH, AMF and plant host. Native halophytes showed a multi-metallic resistance capacity in polluted wetlands. M. vulgare was the most effi cient in metal accumulation and the best host for mycorrhizal fungi. AMF played a major role in metal accumulation and translocation. 104 W. Sidhoum, Z. Fortas for soil remediation engineer to establish a novel ecosystem in polluted soils (Yang et al. 2014). As reported by (Wójcik et al. 2015), the communities of the indigenous metallophyte of abandoned metalliferous waste sites are considered as an important source of species, seed banks and gene pools for the environmental phytotechnologies. Two strategies are probably used by plants in order to use to transact with high metal concentrations in the rhizosphere: exclusion (avoidance) mechanisms, where the uptake and/or root-to-shoot transport of metals are restricted, phytostabilization process (reduction of the mobility, bioavailability and/or toxicity of pollutants in the rhizosphere), or in contrast, sequestration of MTE contaminants by plant roots, and then translocation to their aerial parts internally. Here, the aim of phytoextraction or phytoaccumulation is to increase the accumulation of metal in plant tissues, and thus the mechanisms of internal tolerance could be important (Padmavathiamma and Li 2007). The AMF are ubiquitous soil inhabitants associated symbiotically with most plants roots, and constitute a major component of the soil microbial biomass. They promote the penetration of nutrients in ecosystems, enhance plant establishment and growth, soil aggregation, and mineral uptake (Luginbuehl and Oldroyd 2017). In view of above background, the present study was aimed at to 1) determin","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88158221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mercury content in refuse-derived fuels","authors":"W. Hryb, P. Matyasik","doi":"10.24425/122304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/122304","url":null,"abstract":"is a non--pro fi t association, founded in 2001 by European companies producing recovered fuels. ERFO was established to develop the concept of Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF). SRFs are solid fuels prepared from non-hazardous waste to be utilized for energy recovery in incineration or co-incineration plants and meeting the classi fi cation and speci fi cation requirements laid down in the EN15359 European standard. ERFO’s main aim is to promote the production and use of recovered fuels, and especially SRF, in Europe. To that aim, ERFO supports standardization of SRF and participates in research projects. Abstract: The paper presents the results of testing the mercury content in fuels derived from different types of waste. Legal and technical issues related to preventing mercury from getting into the environment are taken into account with respect to refuse-derived fuels used in cement plants. The mercury content in refuse-derived fuels is usually smaller compared to conventional fossil fuels such as coal. For this reason, the requirement imposed on the fuel suppliers that it must not exceed the limit of 0.3 ppm (in dry matter (DM)) seems over-restrictive and unjusti fi ed. The paper presents the sources of mercury contamination of waste with attention drawn to the signi fi cance of selective waste collection and the need to educate the public in this area. Presented are results of the testing of the mercury content in waste types characterized by a great variation of the parameter depending on the origin of the waste combustible","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90876744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concepts of energy use of municipal solid waste","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/aep.2021.137279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2021.137279","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48950,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89550212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}