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Impact of conversion from rice farms to oil palm plantations on socio-economic aspects of ex-migrants in Indonesia 从水稻农场转为油棕种植园对印度尼西亚移徙者社会经济方面的影响
IF 2.2 4区 经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2019-12-18 DOI: 10.17221/349/2018-agricecon
I. Zahri, E. Wildayana, A. Ak, D. Adriani, M. U. Harun
This paper aims to investigate the impact of land conversion from rice farming to oil palm plantations on the socio-economic aspects of ex-migrants in the South Sumatra tidal swamp, Indonesia. Land conversion from rice farming to oil palm plantations is a form of adaptation for ex-migrant farmers and will increase food deficits in Indonesia. Ex-migrant farmers initially cultivated food crops with conventional technology. This pattern has been changing, which have led to the formation of two large groups of farms, namely rice-based farms implementing mechanisation, and oil palm-based plantations. The results showed that changes from rice farming to oil palm plantations did not make the economy of farm households better. Between the two groups of farmers, there is no difference in arable land, the labour allocation for agriculture and the farmers’ income. In addition, there is not much difference between farmers’ participation in on-farm and out-farm activities. The area of arable land owned, the husbands’age, and family size variables are determinants of farmers’ choice to participate in other jobs activities and influence farmers’ income. Thus, changes in crops from rice to oil palm have no impact on cultivation area, labour allocation, income, on-farm and out-farm activities.
本文旨在调查印度尼西亚南苏门答腊岛潮汐沼泽从水稻种植转为油棕种植对移民社会经济方面的影响。从水稻种植到油棕种植的土地转换是对移民农民的一种适应,将增加印度尼西亚的粮食短缺。移民农民最初用传统技术种植粮食作物。这种模式一直在改变,这导致了两大农场群体的形成,即以水稻为基础的机械化农场和以油棕为基础的种植园。结果表明,从水稻种植到油棕种植的转变并没有使农户的经济状况得到改善。两类农民在耕地面积、农业劳动力分配和农民收入方面没有差异。此外,农民参与农场内活动和农场外活动之间没有太大差异。拥有的耕地面积、丈夫年龄和家庭规模等变量是农民选择参加其他就业活动的决定因素,并影响农民的收入。因此,从水稻到油棕的作物变化对种植面积、劳动力分配、收入、农场内外活动没有影响。
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引用次数: 6
The challenge of Euro-Mediterranean integration for Campania agribusiness sustainability 欧洲-地中海一体化对坎帕尼亚农业企业可持续性的挑战
IF 2.2 4区 经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2019-12-18 DOI: 10.17221/18/2019-agricecon
Debora Scarpato, M. Simeone, Giacomo Rotondo
This work aims to investigate whether and for which products the Campania region, as compared to other Italian regions, has managed to exploit the opportunities resulting from the gradual opening of MTC (Mediterranean third countries) markets which took place following the 1995 Euro-Mediterranean Conference in Barcelona. The results obtained through the use of a relative specialisation index show that Campania, compared to other Italian regions, enjoys a competitive advantage resulting from relative specialisation in the sale of processed and preserved fruit and vegetables and of bakery and flour products on MTC markets. Of great interest is the result, that the performance recorded by Campania with reference to the MTCs regarding the production of processed and preserved fruit and vegetables did not entail the repositioning of the same region on other European markets. Ultimately, the results highlight a strong specialisation and competitiveness of Campania in the production of processed and preserved fruit and vegetables and how the region has managed to fully exploit the gradual opening of MTC markets positioning itself on the markets and without being affected by the other main markets of MTC competition.
这项工作的目的是调查与意大利其他地区相比,坎帕尼亚地区是否以及为哪些产品成功地利用了1995年巴塞罗那欧洲-地中海会议后逐渐开放的MTC(地中海第三国)市场所带来的机会。通过使用相对专业化指数获得的结果表明,与意大利其他地区相比,坎帕尼亚享有竞争优势,这是由于在MTC市场上销售加工和腌制水果和蔬菜以及面包店和面粉产品的相对专业化。令人非常感兴趣的结果是,坎帕尼亚在生产加工和腌制水果和蔬菜方面的MTCs记录的业绩并没有导致同一地区在其他欧洲市场上的重新定位。最终,结果突出了坎帕尼亚在加工和腌制水果和蔬菜生产方面的强大专业化和竞争力,以及该地区如何充分利用逐渐开放的MTC市场,在市场上定位自己,而不受MTC竞争的其他主要市场的影响。
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引用次数: 8
Economic impacts of farmland degradation in the Czech Republic – Case Study 捷克共和国农地退化的经济影响-个案研究
IF 2.2 4区 经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2019-11-20 DOI: 10.17221/89/2019-agricecon
J. Podhrázská, J. Szturc, P. Karásek, J. Kučera, J. Konečná
To analyse the potential changes in soil characteristics and associated impacts on the land price, the region of South Moravia was selected, strongly threatened by erosion and by claiming the most valuable land in suburban territories due to industrial and housing expansion. For the detailed analysis of the impacts of erosion and land appropriation in the region of South Moravia, the model territories of Brno surroundings with the municipality of Dolní Heršpice and Hustopeče surroundings with the municipality of Starovice were selected. The price of land degraded by potential erosion in the South Moravian region fluctuates between 88 and 2 400 EUR/ha. In the past 180 years, 148 ha of agricultural land in the total value of 822 815 EUR have been used for construction in the location under study in Dolní Heršpice. Further growth of the municipality should involve additional appropriation of agricultural land in the value of 411 000 EUR. In the studied land block of 100.5 ha, located in the Starovice municipality area, water erosion caused degradation in the total value of 92 000 EUR in the period 1978–2013. Extensive losses of fertile agricultural land are to be expected in the future. Their main causes are continuing land appropriation and degradation processes – soil erosion.
为了分析土壤特征的潜在变化及其对土地价格的相关影响,选择了南摩拉维亚地区,该地区受到严重的侵蚀威胁,并声称由于工业和住房扩张而在郊区地区拥有最有价值的土地。为了详细分析南摩拉维亚地区的侵蚀和土地占用的影响,选择了布尔诺周围的Dolní Heršpice市和赫斯托普埃周围的斯塔罗维采市的示范地区。南摩拉维亚地区因潜在侵蚀而退化的土地价格在每公顷88至2 400欧元之间波动。在过去的180年里,总价值822 815欧元的148公顷农业用地被用于Dolní Heršpice研究地点的建设。市政当局的进一步增长应涉及价值41.1万欧元的农业用地的额外拨款。在研究的100.5公顷的地块中,位于斯塔洛维茨市,1978年至2013年期间,水侵蚀造成的退化总价值为92000欧元。预计未来肥沃的农业用地将大量流失。其主要原因是继续占用土地和退化过程- -土壤侵蚀。
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引用次数: 3
A gravity approach of agricultural trade: The nexus of the EU and African, Caribbean and Pacific countries 农业贸易的重力方法:欧盟与非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家的联系
IF 2.2 4区 经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2019-11-20 DOI: 10.17221/131/2019-AGRICECON
J. Balogh, N. Leitão
The European Union (EU) is one of the biggest traders of agricultural products. In 2017, extra-EU agricultural trade accounted for 7.4% of the total EU international trade. Furthermore, Europe is the main destination for agricultural goods arriving from African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) trading partners. The paper analyses the effect of geographical proximity, cultural similarity, free trade agreements on bilateral agricultural trade as well as intra-industry trade between EU member states and its trading partners (intra and extra EU trade), employing gravity model for a period of 1996–2017. Regression results suggest that EU countries export more agricultural products to their common markets. In addition, the export costs of agricultural products are lower if the EU and its external trading partners are culturally similar; have the same religion or both have regional trade agreements. We found a moderate intra-industry trade between the EU and ACP countries at 18%. The results indicate rather inter-industry trade between EU and non-EU members, with a lower index level for ACP countries. A higher positive impact is revealed on the agricultural import between ACP-EU countries than export.
欧盟(EU)是最大的农产品贸易商之一。2017年,欧盟外农产品贸易占欧盟国际贸易总额的7.4%。此外,欧洲是来自非洲、加勒比和太平洋(非加太)贸易伙伴的农产品的主要目的地。本文采用1996-2017年的重力模型,分析了地理邻近性、文化相似性、自由贸易协定对双边农业贸易以及欧盟成员国与贸易伙伴之间的产业内贸易(欧盟内部和欧盟外贸易)的影响。回归结果表明,欧盟国家向共同市场出口更多的农产品。此外,如果欧盟与其外部贸易伙伴在文化上相似,农产品的出口成本会更低;拥有相同的宗教信仰,或者双方都有区域贸易协定。我们发现欧盟和非加太国家之间的产业内贸易适中,为18%。结果表明,欧盟与非欧盟成员国之间的产业间贸易相当,非加太国家的指数水平较低。非加太-欧盟国家间农产品进口的正向影响大于出口。
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引用次数: 12
Who spends the most money at farmers’ markets? 谁在农贸市场花的钱最多?
IF 2.2 4区 经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2019-11-20 DOI: 10.17221/69/2019-agricecon
L. Pilař, Lucie Kvasničková Stanislavská, P. Moulis, R. Kvasnička, Stanislav Rojík, I. Tichá
Farmers’ markets have been booming in recent years and are becoming an important alternative food network. They enable farmers to sell their products directly to customers and thus shorten the supply chain. Market organisers must meet the needs of both consumers and vendors by ensuring customer satisfaction while maintaining profitability for vendors. The present study identified four basic segments at farmers’ markets, as follows: (1) productoriented customers; (2) personal social responsibility-oriented customers; (3) entertainment and emotional-oriented customers; (4) alternative food-oriented customers. These segments were analysed using Structural Equation Modeling in relation to the amount of money spent on average at a farmers’ market. The results indicate that most money was spent at farmers’ market segments that are oriented at entertainment and emotional-oriented and productoriented customers. This indicates that farmers’ markets are no longer just a place to purchase fresh, high-quality food, but also a place that people visit for its atmosphere, for the food that can be eaten on-site, and to buy products not for direct consumption (e.g. flowers). It also proved the negative moderation effect of entertainment-oriented motivation on the amount of money spent with connection to product-orientation, which suggests that entertainment-orientated customers spend more than product-oriented customers.
农贸市场近年来蓬勃发展,正在成为一个重要的替代食品网络。它们使农民能够直接向客户销售产品,从而缩短了供应链。市场组织者必须满足消费者和供应商的需求,确保客户满意度,同时保持供应商的盈利能力。本研究确定了农贸市场的四个基本细分群体:(1)以产品为导向的顾客;(2)个人社会责任导向客户;(3)以娱乐和情感为导向的顾客;(4)以替代食品为导向的顾客。使用结构方程模型分析这些细分与农贸市场平均花费的金额有关。结果表明,大部分的钱花在农贸市场以娱乐为导向,情感为导向和产品为导向的客户。这表明,农贸市场不再仅仅是一个购买新鲜、优质食品的地方,而是一个人们参观的地方,因为它的氛围,可以在现场食用的食物,以及购买非直接消费的产品(例如鲜花)。这也证明了娱乐导向动机对与产品导向相关的消费金额的负调节作用,这表明娱乐导向的消费者比产品导向的消费者消费更多。
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引用次数: 3
Evaluation of economic indicators for Czech dairy farms 捷克奶牛场经济指标评价
IF 2.2 4区 经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2019-11-20 DOI: 10.17221/136/2019-AGRICECON
J. Syrůček, L. Bartoň, D. Řehák, J. Kvapilík, J. Burdych
Milk production is one of the most important areas of the Czech agrarian sector, as evidenced by its 50% share (at 2017 prices) in revenues from livestock production. As for any business, a certain level of profitability is a prerequisite for long-term and sustainable development of dairy farms. This study’s aim was to evaluate the economic efficiency of milk production from both Czech Fleckvieh (C) and Holstein (H) cows based on data collected each year from 48 to 70 Czech dairy farms in the period from 2012 to 2017. Total costs per feeding day and litre of milk, level of profitability, and income over feed costs were calculated. The influences of herd size and milk yield on profitability and break-even points were examined while sensitivity analysis and model calculations were utilised to predict profitability. The farms with higher average milk yields (>7 500 and >9 500 L per lactation for C and H, respectively) had higher costs per feeding day, lower costs per litre of milk, and improved profitability (p < 0.05). Average break-even points were estimated for milk price (0.31 and 0.32 EUR) and milk yield (7 257 and 9 209 L) in C and H herds, respectively.
牛奶生产是捷克农业部门最重要的领域之一,其占畜牧生产收入的50%(按2017年价格计算)就证明了这一点。对于任何企业来说,一定的盈利水平是奶牛场长期可持续发展的前提。本研究的目的是根据2012年至2017年期间从48至70个捷克奶牛场每年收集的数据,评估捷克Fleckvieh (C)和Holstein (H)奶牛生产牛奶的经济效率。计算了每个饲养日和每升牛奶的总成本、盈利水平和收入超过饲料成本。研究了畜群规模和产奶量对盈利能力和盈亏平衡点的影响,同时利用敏感性分析和模型计算来预测盈利能力。平均产奶量高(C和H分别>7 500 L和>9 500 L /泌乳)的养殖场,每饲日成本较高,每升奶成本较低,盈利能力提高(p < 0.05)。C群和H群的平均盈亏平衡点分别为牛奶价格(0.31欧元和0.32欧元)和产奶量(7 257升和9 209升)。
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引用次数: 2
Consumption of food in relation to income and saturation limit of Slovak households 斯洛伐克家庭的食物消费与收入和饱和极限的关系
IF 2.2 4区 经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2019-08-12 DOI: 10.17221/94/2019-AGRICECON
Ľ. Kubicová, Z. Kádeková, N. Turčeková, P. Bielik
Food represents everyday need and from this point of view is stable and computable demand on the consumer market. Based on the current development of households’ net money income and consumption expenditures, the aim of the paper is to point at the development of food consumption and changes in the cost of living of the population in Slovakia. Previous food consumption analyses proved that eating habits of the Slovak population comply neither with healthy lifestyle nor recommended doses, due to the low level of disposable net money income. In the analysis, linear and nonlinear functions were used in order to evaluate the development and saturation of demand for basic foods in Slovakia in the period 2008–2017. During these years, the share of expenditures on food and non-alcoholic beverages did not significantly change the consumption expenditures; they moved in intervals from 19.2% (2017) to 23.1% (2013), which is still a high share in comparison with EU countries (12.2%). The analysis provided in the paper is a suitable base for food businesses to create a product portfolio based on different net money income and saturation demand for basic foods.
食品代表了日常需求,从这个角度来看,食品是消费市场上稳定的、可计算的需求。基于当前家庭的货币净收入和消费支出的发展,本文的目的是指出食品消费的发展和斯洛伐克人口生活成本的变化。先前的食品消费分析证明,由于可支配净收入水平低,斯洛伐克人口的饮食习惯既不符合健康的生活方式,也不符合建议的剂量。在分析中,使用线性和非线性函数来评估斯洛伐克2008-2017年期间基本食品需求的发展和饱和情况。在这些年中,食品和非酒精饮料的支出份额没有显著改变消费支出;他们的比例从19.2%(2017年)到23.1%(2013年)不等,与欧盟国家(12.2%)相比,这一比例仍然很高。本文提供的分析为食品企业根据不同的货币净收入和基本食品的饱和需求来创建产品组合提供了合适的基础。
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引用次数: 3
Rural development policy in Italy: the impact of growth-oriented measures on farm outcomes 意大利农村发展政策:以增长为导向的措施对农业成果的影响
IF 2.2 4区 经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2018-03-16 DOI: 10.17221/73/2016-AGRICECON
Salvioni Cristina, Sciulli Dario
Growth-oriented measures of the EU’s rural development policy have been promoted to meet the aims of the Lisbon strategy. Th is article assesses their impact on performance-related variables of farms. We apply a conditional diff erence-in-diff erences approach to the 2003–2007 Italian FADN survey. No evidence emerges to indicate any impact of the measures on farm income, employment or partial productivities. Conversely, participation in the selected policy schemes resulted initially in a productivity increase and, subsequently, in enhanced farm performance. We argue that participation in the growth-oriented measures gave rise to a process of capital deepening that, in turn, elicited a productivity increase and, eventually, positive growth rates in farm performance. Th e estimated variations in capital intensity signal that the measures resulted in the activation of channels that are expected to positively aff ect farm performance after a time lag.
欧盟农村发展政策中以增长为导向的措施得到了促进,以实现里斯本战略的目标。本文评估了它们对农场绩效相关变量的影响。我们对2003-2007年意大利FADN调查采用条件差中差方法。没有证据表明这些措施对农业收入、就业或部分生产力有任何影响。相反,参与选定的政策计划最初会提高生产率,随后会提高农场业绩。我们认为,参与以增长为导向的措施引发了资本深化的过程,这反过来又引发了生产率的提高,并最终导致了农业绩效的正增长率。资本密集度的估计变化表明,这些措施导致了渠道的激活,预计这些渠道将在一段时间后对农场业绩产生积极影响。
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引用次数: 4
The performance measurement and productivity change of agro and food industry in the stock exchange of Thailand 泰国证券交易所农业和食品行业绩效衡量与生产率变化
IF 2.2 4区 经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2018-02-21 DOI: 10.17221/15/2016-AGRICECON
Rapee Pongpanich, Ke-Chung Peng, A. Wongchai
At present, the agro and food industry has a high infl uence to farmers in Th ailand. Most of the raw materials of agriculture are sent to its manufactoring. Th is industry has an important role to raise the growth of the Th ai economy. Th e main objective of the paper is to study the production trends and ability operations of the agro and food industry by using economic tools analyse two sub-industry sectors. Th e paper reviewed literatures on the performance measurement and productivity change of the business sector to obtain the relative variables and optimal methodology. Th e paper designed to use the panel data of the agro and food industry during the period 2011–2014. Th e Slacks-based Measure context-dependent Data Envelopment Analysis (SBM context-dependent DEA) was used to analyse the effi ciency and ability in the Decision Making Units (DMUs) by employing the attractiveness and progress score. Moreover, the Malmquist index was used to demonstrate the change of the total productivity of this industry. Th erefore, the empirical results of the paper can help the companies inside and outside the stock exchange of the agro and food industry to realize the performance level and benchmark leading to the improvement of their operation. Moreover, they help the government to develop its policy and to understand the character of the sub-industry sectors and the productivity trend in this industry.
目前,农业和食品工业对泰国农民的影响很大。农业的大部分原料都被送到制造业。旅游业对促进泰国经济增长具有重要作用。本文的主要目的是通过使用经济工具分析两个子产业部门,研究农业和食品工业的生产趋势和能力运作。本文通过对企业部门绩效衡量与生产率变化的相关文献的梳理,得到了相关变量和最优方法。本文采用2011-2014年农业食品行业面板数据。采用基于slack的情景依赖数据包络分析(SBM -情景依赖DEA),采用吸引力和进展分数对决策单元的效率和能力进行了分析。并利用Malmquist指数对该行业的总生产率变化进行了分析。因此,本文的实证结果可以帮助农业食品行业证券交易所内外的公司实现绩效水平和基准,从而改善其运营。此外,它们还有助于政府制定政策,了解分产业部门的特征和该产业的生产率趋势。
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引用次数: 4
Some aspects of structural and regional policy of the European Union in relation to agriculture by example of Great Britain 以英国为例,阐述欧盟与农业有关的结构和区域政策的某些方面
IF 2.2 4区 经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2018-02-11 DOI: 10.17221/5446-AGRICECON
P. Bechyně
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Agricultural Economics-Zemedelska Ekonomika
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