Workplace Health & Safety最新文献

Background: The construction industry, known for its high-risk environment, increasingly acknowledges the psychological risks to workers. Despite well-documented physical hazards, mental health challenges within this workforce have garnered attention. This systematic review provides a scholarly synthesis of literature on psychological risks and their causative factors affecting construction workers, adhering to PRISMA protocols.

Methods: An exhaustive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar using relevant keywords. Rigorous screening of selected studies focused on the psychological aspects of construction work, with systematic data extraction and analysis.

Findings: From 1992 to 2022, 68 studies met inclusion criteria, identifying key psychological harm factors: job insecurity, long working hours, high demands, poor work-life balance, and workplace bullying. A lack of mental health support and awareness in the sector was noted, with a significant correlation between these factors and increased stress, anxiety, and depression levels among workers.

Conclusions: The review highlights the urgent need for industry recognition of psychological hazards and the relationship between work conditions and mental health issues. It calls for supportive policies, awareness programs, and counseling services, with a suggestion for future longitudinal research on the long-term impacts and intervention efficacy.

Application to practice: This study provides an overview of psychological risks in the construction sector from 1994 to 2022, aiming to identify causative factors for mental health issues. It seeks to pave the way for targeted interventions and policy changes to improve mental health outcomes in the industry.

Background: Although previous studies suggest a link between workplace bullying and presenteeism, uncertainties persist regarding the direction, strength, and influencing factors. Understanding the potential mediators and moderators is crucial to addressing these issues in workplace settings.

Objective: This study aims to clarify the bidirectional relationship between workplace bullying and presenteeism, assess the strength and direction of this association, and identify individual and work-related factors that mediate or moderate these interactions.

Methods: A systematic search of nine databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CNKI, WANFANG, and Chinese Biomedical) was conducted from inception through March 30, 2023, with an update on September 8, 2024. Independent reviewers screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated methodological quality using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Exposure tool. Odds ratios, relative risks, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess effect sizes.

Results: After adjusting for confounders, workers exposed to workplace bullying had 1.74 times higher odds of reporting presenteeism compared to non-exposed individuals (95% CI [1.02, 2.46]). Workers reporting presenteeism also had increased odds of later workplace bullying exposure (OR = 2.29, 95% CI [1.23, 3.36]). Various individual and work-related factors were identified as potential mediators and moderators influencing these associations.

Conclusion: This study establishes a bidirectional relationship between workplace bullying and presenteeism. Both individual and work-related factors play a critical role as mediators and moderators, potentially mitigating or amplifying the workplace bullying-presenteeism cycle. Future interventions should target these factors to disrupt this harmful dynamic and improve employee well-being.

Background: Returning to work (RTW) is a crucial aspect of recovery for patients with breast cancer (BC), which indicates restored normalcy, financial stability, functional abilities, and an improved quality of life. However, associated factors related to not RTW among patients with BC remain unclear. In this study, we examined associated factors of not RTW among patients with BC.

Methods: A cross-sectional study and convenience sampling were conducted in two hospitals in Indonesia to recruit eligible participants. Factors related to not RTW were collected and included symptoms of distress, loneliness, anxiety/depression, perceived social support, and frailty. A logistic regression model was performed to explore associated factors of not RTW.

Findings: In total, 250 patients with BC were included in this study, and 148 of them experienced not RTW. Anxiety, loneliness, frailty, and social support emerged as significant factors associated with not RTW. BC patients who had a higher anxiety level (odds ratio [OR]: 5.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] [2.16, 12.98]), had high loneliness (OR: 3.15, 95% CI [1.29, 7.67]), or were frail (OR: 2.53; 95% CI [1.07, 5.98]) had a higher risk of not RTW. BC patients with lower social support (OR: 5.65; 95% CI [1.81, 17.63]) had a higher risk of not RTW.Conclusion/Applications to Practice:Occupational health professionals can offer early counseling, health education, and support strategies to patients with BC, assisting their preparations in terms of both physical and psychological functions for successfully RTW.

Background: Assessment of workplace safety climate is a recognized approach to assess safe culture in an organization. We developed, implemented, and evaluated a 12-module safety leadership and management e-learning training program tailored for front-line dairy farm supervisors and hypothesized that such a training program would have a positive effect on occupational safety climate. Methods: We enrolled 103 dairy farm supervisors from 35 U.S. farms to participate in a 12-module dairy leadership training program. We assessed safety climate change among supervisors and their workers using a pre-post training intervention methodology. A 24-item, 8-factor safety climate survey was developed and completed pre- and post-training by 65 supervisors and 313 (pre) and 238 (post) workers under their supervision. Findings: Significant improvements were seen on the 14-item supervisor safety climate scale, the 10-item group safety climate scale, and subscales regarding safety priority, empowerment, and dealing with conflicts. No significant improvements were seen for the factor regarding leaders encouraging workers to report safety incidents, as these were already rated highly. Conclusions: Findings suggest safety leadership e-learning training among dairy farm supervisors can result in positive safety climate change among supervisors and subordinate workers. Application to Practice: This study provides a framework for researchers, safety professionals, and training developers for the successful implementation of a safety leadership training program, and its effect on safety climate. Additional research is needed on the effectiveness and sustainability of safety leadership training in high-risk industrial sectors such as agriculture.

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can result in severe depression. Yet, it is not clear how to improve health-promoting behavior and reduce depressive symptoms. This study aimed to examine whether social support mediates the link between PTSD, depression, and health-promoting behaviors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 308 Korean Coast Guards in Gangwon-do, South Korea, in October and November 2020. The variables of PTSD and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Korean versions of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depressive Scale-Revised. Health-promoting behaviors and social support were assessed using the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II and the Korean version of the Personal Resource Questionnaire 85-Part 2. Multiple regression analysis and Sobel tests were performed.

Findings: Higher levels of PTSD symptoms and lower levels of social support were significantly associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. Social support had a significant partial mediating effect on the association between PTSD and depressive symptoms. In addition, lower levels of PTSD symptoms and higher levels of social support were significantly associated with higher levels of health-promoting behaviors. Social support has a full mediating effect on the association between PTSD symptoms and health-promoting behaviors.

Conclusions/application to practice: Our findings indicate that social support may mediate the association between PTSD symptoms and health outcomes. Occupational health nurses can use these findings to proactively develop interventions which improve social support for coast guard workers who are at risk of developing PTSD due to exposure to traumatic events on their job.

BackgroundPrior research suggests leader-based interventions are considered to have a much stronger influence on worker safety behavior and climate than worker-based interventions. However, no prior research has evaluated training effectiveness of safety-specific leadership skill development for front-line supervisors on dairy farms. A tailored safety leadership training program targeting dairy farm supervisors was developed, delivered, and evaluated for its training effect on the supervisor's safety leadership behavior.MethodsA 12-module safety leadership training program was developed and delivered in an asynchronous format using e-learning methods to 73 dairy farm supervisors, representing 30 farms across five western U.S. states. We employed the Kirkpatrick Model to evaluate different levels of training effectiveness.FindingsEvaluation of knowledge gained among participants revealed significant differences between pre- and post-test scores with medium to very large learning effect sizes across all training modules, particularly with training modules addressing safety culture, workplace conflict, and safety meetings. Safety leadership behavior change evaluation revealed significant pre-post training effects across most training modules, particularly regarding safety dialogue, hazard assessment, safety modeling, and conducting safety meetings.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that safety leadership training can result in essential leadership behavior change among front-line dairy farm supervisors.Application to PracticeThis study provides many insights into the successful implementation of a safety leadership training program in a challenging industrial sector (rural/remote workplaces, immigrant workforce), as well as training effectiveness evaluation using novel data collection methodology. Additional research is needed on the effectiveness and sustainability of safety leadership training in high-risk industrial sectors such as agriculture.

Objectives: Establishing collaboration with occupational health staff is essential to support workers and organizations in the field of occupational health. Accordingly, occupational health nurses (OHNs) have recognized the need to collaborate with other professionals, including non-health care professionals. This review aimed to examine the components of collaboration in OHNs.

Methods: This review was conducted using Walker and Avant's eight-step analysis method on 267 papers (174 in Japanese and 93 in English) identified through an extensive literature review.

Results: Key attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents helped shape an operational definition of the concept of collaboration. Collaboration among OHNs is a process that integrates individuals, organizations, and systems. Further, OHNs are responsible for ensuring that employers and workers collaborate to actively promote and facilitate occupational health activities. In addition, OHNs assess the health status of individuals and organizations to determine whether collaboration is needed through the occupational nursing process. The quality and outcomes of collaboration are influenced by social trends and the health culture of each organization. Through collaboration with various stakeholders, OHNs contribute to making the workplace a better environment, improving labor efficiency, increasing worker productivity, and ensuring health and safety.

Conclusions: This review provides a comprehensive understanding of collaboration in occupational health nursing. Collaboration among OHNs is notably characterized by its "integration." OHNs can facilitate collaboration between employers and employees in occupational health activities, potentially benefiting both businesses and health care. The clarification of collaboration in this review has the potential to enhance OHN practices and guide future research.