Pub Date : 2023-01-22DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce3202552
Izzet Ari
The aim of this article is to analyze the decarbonization options of Türkiye's electricity generation sector. Türkiye is an emerging economy, so its population, economic activities and overall welfare have been increasing. However, economic and social development result in rising greenhouse gases, particularly CO2 emissions. Türkiye's emissions are required to be mitigated. Firstly, the main drivers (GDP, population, energy, and carbon intensity of primary energy sources, etc.) CO2 emissions of electricity are investigated between 2008 and 2020. The method of this query is based on Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI). Secondly, Türkiye's climate policy on the decarbonization of the electricity sector is analyzed. To that, supply and demand projections of electricity are conducted. After these projections are completed, decarbonization policy options are assessed in the LEAP Model (Low Emissions Analysis Platform). The reduction potential for CO2 emissions and the costs will be calculated according to the policy options. The projections will be extended by 2053 because Türkiye has declared to net zero emissions target by 2053. The electricity sector will have a significant emissions reduction and decarbonization potential, so its contribution to the overall net zero emissions target is crucial for Türkiye's long-term low emissions development strategy.
{"title":"A Low Carbon Pathway for the Turkish Electricity Generation Sector","authors":"Izzet Ari","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce3202552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce3202552","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to analyze the decarbonization options of Türkiye's electricity generation sector. Türkiye is an emerging economy, so its population, economic activities and overall welfare have been increasing. However, economic and social development result in rising greenhouse gases, particularly CO2 emissions. Türkiye's emissions are required to be mitigated. Firstly, the main drivers (GDP, population, energy, and carbon intensity of primary energy sources, etc.) CO2 emissions of electricity are investigated between 2008 and 2020. The method of this query is based on Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI). Secondly, Türkiye's climate policy on the decarbonization of the electricity sector is analyzed. To that, supply and demand projections of electricity are conducted. After these projections are completed, decarbonization policy options are assessed in the LEAP Model (Low Emissions Analysis Platform). The reduction potential for CO2 emissions and the costs will be calculated according to the policy options. The projections will be extended by 2053 because Türkiye has declared to net zero emissions target by 2053. The electricity sector will have a significant emissions reduction and decarbonization potential, so its contribution to the overall net zero emissions target is crucial for Türkiye's long-term low emissions development strategy.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136357411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-13DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce3202583
Thomas Pogge
The Ecological Impact Fund (EIF) is a proposed new international financing facility that would enable originators of innovative green technologies to exchange some of their monopoly privileges in return for impact rewards. The invited exchange would apply only in the lower-income countries: originators choosing to forgo their monopoly markups in this EIF Zone would receive annual premiums based on the emission reductions achieved with deployments of their “greenovation” in that EIF Zone. The EIF’s main purpose is greatly to improve the diffusion of impactful green technologies in the Global South. It would do so first by inducing participating originators to waive licensing fees and monopoly markups, and second by giving these originators a financial interest in the wide and effective use of their participating innovations. In addition, the EIF would stimulate development of additional greenovations that – tailored to prevailing needs, cultures, circumstances, and preferences in the EIF Zone – would be especially impactful there. These two effects would produce a third: the EIF would help build capacities to develop, manufacture, distribute, install, operate, and maintain greenovations in the EIF Zone.
{"title":"An Ecological Impact Fund","authors":"Thomas Pogge","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce3202583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce3202583","url":null,"abstract":"The Ecological Impact Fund (EIF) is a proposed new international financing facility that would enable originators of innovative green technologies to exchange some of their monopoly privileges in return for impact rewards. The invited exchange would apply only in the lower-income countries: originators choosing to forgo their monopoly markups in this EIF Zone would receive annual premiums based on the emission reductions achieved with deployments of their “greenovation” in that EIF Zone. The EIF’s main purpose is greatly to improve the diffusion of impactful green technologies in the Global South. It would do so first by inducing participating originators to waive licensing fees and monopoly markups, and second by giving these originators a financial interest in the wide and effective use of their participating innovations. In addition, the EIF would stimulate development of additional greenovations that – tailored to prevailing needs, cultures, circumstances, and preferences in the EIF Zone – would be especially impactful there. These two effects would produce a third: the EIF would help build capacities to develop, manufacture, distribute, install, operate, and maintain greenovations in the EIF Zone.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135948041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-10DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce3202511
Victor D. Gazman
This article presents the results of the study, the purpose of which was to develop a new criterion for the Environment, Social, Governance (ESG) model and recommendations for its use in the ESG in determining the socioeconomic benefits of wind and solar energy instead of the most toxic generation—coal. The criterion proposed by the author for the ESG model has not been previously considered in the scientific literature. Based on the theoretical assumptions, the author’s methodology for determining the achieved savings is presented in the example of a number of large energy companies RWE, Enel, and Sunseap in Singapore. This article presents the model developed by the author and the calculations themselves and comments related to the proposed model. This article presents the author’s developed model and the calculations and comments themselves. The calculations carried out are based on the actual amount of carbon dioxide emissions charges, taking into account the damage caused, the number of people saved from premature death due to harmful CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, the value of statistical life determined by the WorldBank for Germany, Singapore, and Italy, the costs of treating concomitant diseases, and the social discount rate. This makes it possible to determine the real socioeconomic effect of replacing fossil energy sources with cleaner energy carriers that are not carbon-containing. An argument is presented that refutes the argument about the occurrence of a significant increase in costs in the economy that may arise due to the introduction of a fixed fee for harmful emissions. This allows you to set more accurate benchmarks and indicators in the ESG system and use them in attracting investors, forming ratings, and training specialists. The results of the research presented in this article may be useful for analysts who are engaged in the development and use of ratings for the ESG model, primarily for section E but also for section S. This article highlights the possibilities of accelerating invest
{"title":"","authors":"Victor D. Gazman","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce3202511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce3202511","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of the study, the purpose of which was to develop a new criterion for the Environment, Social, Governance (ESG) model and recommendations for its use in the ESG in determining the socioeconomic benefits of wind and solar energy instead of the most toxic generation—coal. The criterion proposed by the author for the ESG model has not been previously considered in the scientific literature. Based on the theoretical assumptions, the author’s methodology for determining the achieved savings is presented in the example of a number of large energy companies RWE, Enel, and Sunseap in Singapore. This article presents the model developed by the author and the calculations themselves and comments related to the proposed model. This article presents the author’s developed model and the calculations and comments themselves. The calculations carried out are based on the actual amount of carbon dioxide emissions charges, taking into account the damage caused, the number of people saved from premature death due to harmful CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, the value of statistical life determined by the WorldBank for Germany, Singapore, and Italy, the costs of treating concomitant diseases, and the social discount rate. This makes it possible to determine the real socioeconomic effect of replacing fossil energy sources with cleaner energy carriers that are not carbon-containing. An argument is presented that refutes the argument about the occurrence of a significant increase in costs in the economy that may arise due to the introduction of a fixed fee for harmful emissions. This allows you to set more accurate benchmarks and indicators in the ESG system and use them in attracting investors, forming ratings, and training specialists. The results of the research presented in this article may be useful for analysts who are engaged in the development and use of ratings for the ESG model, primarily for section E but also for section S. This article highlights the possibilities of accelerating invest","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136327189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce3202761
Jorge Morales Pedraza
An essential factor in a nation's economic development is energy. Among the various energy sources, renewable energies have demonstrated that they can replace fossil fuels in electricity production without harming the environment and are a trustworthy and affordable source to meet future energy requirements. Asia is now involved in an energy and economy transition process to move away from a fossil fuel-based energy matrix toward a green economy, where electricity generation will depend on renewable energy. This shift should be carried out and supported by governments and energy industries in different countries. The manuscript aims to provide governments and industry representatives with the latest information they need to guide the energy transaction to a green economy, minimizing the harmful ecological and environmental impact.
{"title":"The Role of Renewable Energy in the Transition to Green, Low-carbon Power Generation in Asia","authors":"Jorge Morales Pedraza","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce3202761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce3202761","url":null,"abstract":"An essential factor in a nation's economic development is energy. Among the various energy sources, renewable energies have demonstrated that they can replace fossil fuels in electricity production without harming the environment and are a trustworthy and affordable source to meet future energy requirements. Asia is now involved in an energy and economy transition process to move away from a fossil fuel-based energy matrix toward a green economy, where electricity generation will depend on renewable energy. This shift should be carried out and supported by governments and energy industries in different countries. The manuscript aims to provide governments and industry representatives with the latest information they need to guide the energy transaction to a green economy, minimizing the harmful ecological and environmental impact.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce3202827
Zhiyang Wu, Yu Zhao, Ning Zhang
The last 20 years or so have witnessed the academic torrent of natural experiments in environmental and climate change economics, and we have attempted to document this particular and important branch of economics. This paper reviews theoretical and empirical research in this branch using natural experiment approaches in field-top journals, including economic and scientific journals. We have organized and categorized the related papers into five major dimensions: content, identification strategies, regions, data, and theoretical models and channels. Statistics have found that causal inference and channel analysis on environmental externalities and related governance have endured for 20 years. Until about 10 years ago, a major shift towards diversification of research was taking place, with energy and low-carbon development themes making their way into these journals on the one hand, and developing countries, led by China, attracting attention because of their political systems and other factors. Identification strategies have also become more rigorous, as reflected in the identification concerns (e.g., omitted variables, selection, and reverse causation). Lastly, we also observe that the deep exploration of internal mechanisms and the availability of all types of data have dramatically impacted the traditional paradigm of economics.
{"title":"A Literature Survey of Green and Low-Carbon Economics Using Natural Experiment Approaches in Top Field Journal","authors":"Zhiyang Wu, Yu Zhao, Ning Zhang","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce3202827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce3202827","url":null,"abstract":"The last 20 years or so have witnessed the academic torrent of natural experiments in environmental and climate change economics, and we have attempted to document this particular and important branch of economics. This paper reviews theoretical and empirical research in this branch using natural experiment approaches in field-top journals, including economic and scientific journals. We have organized and categorized the related papers into five major dimensions: content, identification strategies, regions, data, and theoretical models and channels. Statistics have found that causal inference and channel analysis on environmental externalities and related governance have endured for 20 years. Until about 10 years ago, a major shift towards diversification of research was taking place, with energy and low-carbon development themes making their way into these journals on the one hand, and developing countries, led by China, attracting attention because of their political systems and other factors. Identification strategies have also become more rigorous, as reflected in the identification concerns (e.g., omitted variables, selection, and reverse causation). Lastly, we also observe that the deep exploration of internal mechanisms and the availability of all types of data have dramatically impacted the traditional paradigm of economics.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135585154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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