Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce42022827
Xuanchen Li, Siang Meng Ivan Sin, Sujith Bhaskara Panikkar, Tzu Yang Loh
Humanity is currently confronted with unprecedented environmental challenges, prompting an urgent shift toward the widespread adoption of clean energy. Among the diverse alternatives, ammonia stands out as a highly promising candidate due to its relatively high volumetric energy density, advanced technical readiness level, and a well-established infrastructure with established standards. However, the safety of ammonia transport via pipelines demands particular attention, as several past accidents have shown. Given the inherent risks associated with ammonia pipeline accidents, a thorough safety analysis is essential, especially for densely populated countries like Singapore. While Singapore explores using ammonia, a detailed assessment of potential pipeline leaks is currently lacking. To address this, this study employed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations using Phast software. Simulations modeled ammonia leaks at various pressures and weather conditions and the results highlighted the significant hazards of ammonia leaks, including toxicity and flammability. Notably, the potential hazardous zone resulting from these leaks could span up to 1,000 meters. Furthermore, the study proposes effective countermeasures based on insights derived from the simulations, offering valuable perspectives to enhance safety and efficiency in clean energy applications. These measures include the implementation of safety instrumented systems, among others. The results from this study lay the groundwork for future laboratory-based experiments aimed at improving the safety of ammonia pipelines.
{"title":"Safe Transfer of Ammonia in Pipelines: An Analysis of Risk","authors":"Xuanchen Li, Siang Meng Ivan Sin, Sujith Bhaskara Panikkar, Tzu Yang Loh","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce42022827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce42022827","url":null,"abstract":"Humanity is currently confronted with unprecedented environmental challenges, prompting an urgent shift toward the widespread adoption of clean energy. Among the diverse alternatives, ammonia stands out as a highly promising candidate due to its relatively high volumetric energy density, advanced technical readiness level, and a well-established infrastructure with established standards. However, the safety of ammonia transport via pipelines demands particular attention, as several past accidents have shown. Given the inherent risks associated with ammonia pipeline accidents, a thorough safety analysis is essential, especially for densely populated countries like Singapore. While Singapore explores using ammonia, a detailed assessment of potential pipeline leaks is currently lacking. To address this, this study employed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations using Phast software. Simulations modeled ammonia leaks at various pressures and weather conditions and the results highlighted the significant hazards of ammonia leaks, including toxicity and flammability. Notably, the potential hazardous zone resulting from these leaks could span up to 1,000 meters. Furthermore, the study proposes effective countermeasures based on insights derived from the simulations, offering valuable perspectives to enhance safety and efficiency in clean energy applications. These measures include the implementation of safety instrumented systems, among others. The results from this study lay the groundwork for future laboratory-based experiments aimed at improving the safety of ammonia pipelines.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141816433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce42022046
Don Charles, S. Mclean
The objective of the study was to explore how finance to cover the cost of loss and damage from climate change can be mobilized through weather derivatives. More specifically, a futures contract was considered as the derivative to mobilize the financing. To integrate the recent advancements in finance and technology, tokenized weather derivatives can be considered. This study contributes to the literature as it proposes a pricing mechanism for the proposed loss and damage futures. The futures price should be a function of the contract size, the difference between the expected rainfall in the future, and the threshold or long-run average rainfall. This pricing approach is adopted since it allows the price to rise when excess rainfall occurs, which in turn is responsible for loss and damage. Therefore, the forecast of the rainfall should be of significant interest of the economic agent seeking to hedge the loss and damage with the futures. A Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model was used for forecasting. The LSTM performed better than traditional linear models such as the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (EGARCH) models, as it can capture the non-linear dynamics of the rainfall data.
{"title":"Addressing Loss and Damage from Climate Change Through Tokenized Rainfall Futures","authors":"Don Charles, S. Mclean","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce42022046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce42022046","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to explore how finance to cover the cost of loss and damage from climate change can be mobilized through weather derivatives. More specifically, a futures contract was considered as the derivative to mobilize the financing. To integrate the recent advancements in finance and technology, tokenized weather derivatives can be considered. This study contributes to the literature as it proposes a pricing mechanism for the proposed loss and damage futures. The futures price should be a function of the contract size, the difference between the expected rainfall in the future, and the threshold or long-run average rainfall. This pricing approach is adopted since it allows the price to rise when excess rainfall occurs, which in turn is responsible for loss and damage. Therefore, the forecast of the rainfall should be of significant interest of the economic agent seeking to hedge the loss and damage with the futures. A Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model was used for forecasting. The LSTM performed better than traditional linear models such as the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (EGARCH) models, as it can capture the non-linear dynamics of the rainfall data.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141816643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce42022504
Tarlan Ahmadov, Siret Ulp, Wolfgang Gerstlberger
As the world becomes increasingly aware of the negative impacts of human activity on the environment, there is an urgent need for sustainability. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are essential contributors to the economy and their role in promoting sustainability cannot be overstated. This study examines the role of stakeholders in promoting the sustainable development of SMEs, with focusing on environmental sustainability and innovation. Specifically, it investigates the role of customers, local governments, competitors, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This study employs a qualitative approach using 10 semi-structured interviews to collect data from SMEs operating in Estonia. These findings suggest that stakeholder engagement is crucial for promoting the sustainable development of SMEs. While the government may not play an active role in promoting sustainability, NGOs, consumers, and competitors can all play an important role in supporting SMEs' sustainability efforts. These findings provide insights into the various stakeholders that SMEs should consider in their sustainability strategies and highlight the importance of collaboration and engagement with stakeholders to achieve sustainable development goals. The study contributes to the understanding of the role of stakeholders in promoting sustainable development in SMEs, specifically in the context of Estonia.
{"title":"Role of Stakeholder Engagement in Sustainable Development in Estonian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises","authors":"Tarlan Ahmadov, Siret Ulp, Wolfgang Gerstlberger","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce42022504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce42022504","url":null,"abstract":"As the world becomes increasingly aware of the negative impacts of human activity on the environment, there is an urgent need for sustainability. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are essential contributors to the economy and their role in promoting sustainability cannot be overstated. This study examines the role of stakeholders in promoting the sustainable development of SMEs, with focusing on environmental sustainability and innovation. Specifically, it investigates the role of customers, local governments, competitors, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This study employs a qualitative approach using 10 semi-structured interviews to collect data from SMEs operating in Estonia. These findings suggest that stakeholder engagement is crucial for promoting the sustainable development of SMEs. While the government may not play an active role in promoting sustainability, NGOs, consumers, and competitors can all play an important role in supporting SMEs' sustainability efforts. These findings provide insights into the various stakeholders that SMEs should consider in their sustainability strategies and highlight the importance of collaboration and engagement with stakeholders to achieve sustainable development goals. The study contributes to the understanding of the role of stakeholders in promoting sustainable development in SMEs, specifically in the context of Estonia.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"122 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce42022758
Xinyu Liu, Meng Li, Chengjing Wang, Ping Lu
The promotion of low-carbon and ecologically friendly economic growth is widely accepted worldwide. The low-carbon city pilot policy was introduced by the Chinese government in three batches between 2010 and 2017 to address climate change. We use panel data from 277 Chinese cities from 2009 to 2019 to investigate the link between urban carbon emissions and the low-carbon city pilot policy. To alleviate the endogeneity brought on by sample selection bias, we utilize a combination of propensity score matching and the difference-in-difference model in our causal inference technique. The results demonstrate a noteworthy decrease in urban carbon emissions subsequent to the implementation of the policy; Through optimizing industrial structure, substituting clean energy, and innovating green technologies, this approach lowers urban carbon emissions; In addition, heterogeneity analysis results indicate that the carbon reduction effects in eastern and central cities are more significant than that in western cities. Finally, we provide policy recommendations on how to reduce urban carbon emissions.
{"title":"Has the Low-Carbon City Pilot Policy Reduced Urban Carbon Emissions in China?","authors":"Xinyu Liu, Meng Li, Chengjing Wang, Ping Lu","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce42022758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce42022758","url":null,"abstract":"The promotion of low-carbon and ecologically friendly economic growth is widely accepted worldwide. The low-carbon city pilot policy was introduced by the Chinese government in three batches between 2010 and 2017 to address climate change. We use panel data from 277 Chinese cities from 2009 to 2019 to investigate the link between urban carbon emissions and the low-carbon city pilot policy. To alleviate the endogeneity brought on by sample selection bias, we utilize a combination of propensity score matching and the difference-in-difference model in our causal inference technique. The results demonstrate a noteworthy decrease in urban carbon emissions subsequent to the implementation of the policy; Through optimizing industrial structure, substituting clean energy, and innovating green technologies, this approach lowers urban carbon emissions; In addition, heterogeneity analysis results indicate that the carbon reduction effects in eastern and central cities are more significant than that in western cities. Finally, we provide policy recommendations on how to reduce urban carbon emissions.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":" December","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce42022122
V. Somachandra, K. Sylva, Chaminda Bandara, Ranjith Dissanayake
The construction industry is vital for Sri Lanka's economy and society, yet it poses environmental challenges with long-term impacts on both. To achieve social and economic development, sustainability is imperative. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is widely acknowledged as an effective method for organizations to adopt sustainability within business operations. However, implementing CSR comes with various challenges. To overcome these hurdles and enhance CSR's impact, Corporate Social Entrepreneurship (CSE) has emerged as an effective approach, integrating entrepreneurial principles and innovation into CSR practices. A qualitative study with 17 semi-structured interviews conducted to understand prevailing CSE practices among Sri Lanka's construction business organisations and to develop a conceptual CSE model. Data analysis was based on transcribing, coding and categorizing. Prevailing CSE practices in construction businesses can be classified into five categories as: attitudinal perspective, innovative business strategies, awareness and commitment, stakeholder engagement, and research and development. To bridge the existing gaps in CSE, the proposed conceptual CSE model emphasise the importance of top management commitment, organisation-wide initiative actions required and effective monitoring and regulating. This model aims to promote CSE initiatives within construction organisations addressing micro level issues. Macro environmental gaps impend the sustenance of this CSE model. Thus, further studies are proposed to research on mitigating macro environmental gaps.
{"title":"Corporate Social Entrepreneurship (CSE) Model for the Construction Industry of Sri Lanka","authors":"V. Somachandra, K. Sylva, Chaminda Bandara, Ranjith Dissanayake","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce42022122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce42022122","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry is vital for Sri Lanka's economy and society, yet it poses environmental challenges with long-term impacts on both. To achieve social and economic development, sustainability is imperative. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is widely acknowledged as an effective method for organizations to adopt sustainability within business operations. However, implementing CSR comes with various challenges. To overcome these hurdles and enhance CSR's impact, Corporate Social Entrepreneurship (CSE) has emerged as an effective approach, integrating entrepreneurial principles and innovation into CSR practices. A qualitative study with 17 semi-structured interviews conducted to understand prevailing CSE practices among Sri Lanka's construction business organisations and to develop a conceptual CSE model. Data analysis was based on transcribing, coding and categorizing. Prevailing CSE practices in construction businesses can be classified into five categories as: attitudinal perspective, innovative business strategies, awareness and commitment, stakeholder engagement, and research and development. To bridge the existing gaps in CSE, the proposed conceptual CSE model emphasise the importance of top management commitment, organisation-wide initiative actions required and effective monitoring and regulating. This model aims to promote CSE initiatives within construction organisations addressing micro level issues. Macro environmental gaps impend the sustenance of this CSE model. Thus, further studies are proposed to research on mitigating macro environmental gaps.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141111248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-21DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce42022481
Kamlesh Verma, Prashant Sharma, D. R. Bhardwaj, Vaishali Sharma, Pankaj Thakur
The current world faces several challenges, including climate change, an exponentially increasing population, the loss of biodiversity and environmental concerns which necessities the adoption of the sustainable nature-based solutions such as agroforestry. Agroforestry is the intricate integration of trees, crops, and livestock on the same piece of land management unit that helps to restore the ecosystem, improve soil health, thus combating the environmental degradation. Moreover, agroforestry has also emerged as a potential tool that bridges the ecological preservation, while increasing or at least maintaining the productivity of the whole agroecosystem. Agroforestry is a contemporary food system that relies primarily on natural inputs, leading to the creation of more sustainable and resilient landscapes. Simultaneously, agroforestry systems reduce the soil erosion, and increases the accumulation of organic matter, hence established a closed nutrient cycling which sustain the agricultural production for longer duration. Simultaneously, agroforestry systems are effective in enhancing food security, diversifying farm income and strengthening the resilience of community to climate change thus empower the farmers and provide an opportunity to combat poverty. However, there are numerous constraints including clear land tenure rights, market infrastructure and linkage, and lack of the traditional knowledge which influenced the adoption of agroforestry systems at global level. This immediately need to be addressed by implementing flexible legislation (such as National Agroforestry Policy 2014 adopted by India), capacity building and community involvement, value chain development and payment for ecosystem services. Overall, it is crucial to adopt low-carbon perennial agroecological practices like agroforestry in order to increase the CO2 abatement rate, improve the food, nutritional and livelihood security of smallholder farmers and contribute to a more environmental friendly and sustainable future.
{"title":"Towards a Greener Future: Scaling Up Agroforestry for Global Sustainability","authors":"Kamlesh Verma, Prashant Sharma, D. R. Bhardwaj, Vaishali Sharma, Pankaj Thakur","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce42022481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce42022481","url":null,"abstract":"The current world faces several challenges, including climate change, an exponentially increasing population, the loss of biodiversity and environmental concerns which necessities the adoption of the sustainable nature-based solutions such as agroforestry. Agroforestry is the intricate integration of trees, crops, and livestock on the same piece of land management unit that helps to restore the ecosystem, improve soil health, thus combating the environmental degradation. Moreover, agroforestry has also emerged as a potential tool that bridges the ecological preservation, while increasing or at least maintaining the productivity of the whole agroecosystem. Agroforestry is a contemporary food system that relies primarily on natural inputs, leading to the creation of more sustainable and resilient landscapes. Simultaneously, agroforestry systems reduce the soil erosion, and increases the accumulation of organic matter, hence established a closed nutrient cycling which sustain the agricultural production for longer duration. Simultaneously, agroforestry systems are effective in enhancing food security, diversifying farm income and strengthening the resilience of community to climate change thus empower the farmers and provide an opportunity to combat poverty. However, there are numerous constraints including clear land tenure rights, market infrastructure and linkage, and lack of the traditional knowledge which influenced the adoption of agroforestry systems at global level. This immediately need to be addressed by implementing flexible legislation (such as National Agroforestry Policy 2014 adopted by India), capacity building and community involvement, value chain development and payment for ecosystem services. Overall, it is crucial to adopt low-carbon perennial agroecological practices like agroforestry in order to increase the CO2 abatement rate, improve the food, nutritional and livelihood security of smallholder farmers and contribute to a more environmental friendly and sustainable future.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141114133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce42021912
D. Zetzsche, Marco Bodellini
Sustainability classification systems (or ‘taxonomies’), of which the EU environmental taxonomy is the most important, often result in a binary approach whereby best-in-class economic activities are qualified as sustainable, while all other activities are grouped together into a catch-all category irrespective of their contribution to, or potential for, contributing to and/or furthering the transition towards a sustainable economy. Such binary approaches are misleading and likely to result in under-investment in both activities crucial for the transition to net zero and innovation with the potential to support and facilitate such a pro-environment transition. Making taxonomies easy to apply, consistent, open to innovation and comprehensive at the same time is imperative if the world’s economies are to achieve net zero, even when this dilutes technical precision in the process. We argue in favour of expanding classification systems to include (information on) transition and potential transition activities, and present a scorecard approach to meet that very objective.
{"title":"Addressing the ‘Winner-Takes-All’ Character of Sustainability Taxonomies: Towards a Scorecard Approach","authors":"D. Zetzsche, Marco Bodellini","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce42021912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce42021912","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability classification systems (or ‘taxonomies’), of which the EU environmental taxonomy is the most important, often result in a binary approach whereby best-in-class economic activities are qualified as sustainable, while all other activities are grouped together into a catch-all category irrespective of their contribution to, or potential for, contributing to and/or furthering the transition towards a sustainable economy. Such binary approaches are misleading and likely to result in under-investment in both activities crucial for the transition to net zero and innovation with the potential to support and facilitate such a pro-environment transition. Making taxonomies easy to apply, consistent, open to innovation and comprehensive at the same time is imperative if the world’s economies are to achieve net zero, even when this dilutes technical precision in the process. We argue in favour of expanding classification systems to include (information on) transition and potential transition activities, and present a scorecard approach to meet that very objective.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"43 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140699406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce42022035
Bodo Herzog
The reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions has priority due to climate change. Scientists across disciplines promote carbon taxation or carbon pricing as an instrument to mitigate the negative externality of fossil energies. We exhibit two insufficiencies of today’s regulatory policy by utilizing a novel natural experiment. First, carbon taxation is only effective if it is implemented on a global scale because fossil energy markets and emissions are cross-border and global. Second, carbon taxation is based on an extrinsic mechanism and does not alter intrinsic behaviour sustainably. Our applied theory and modelling approach is corroborating these findings. The present regulatory approach is doomed to fail due to overambitious European countries and unambitious (partly realistic) rest of the world. Our interdisciplinary analysis unravels a new agenda to achieve the essential aim. What is needed is a global climate club, as proposed by Nobel Laureate William Nordhaus, with a least but global greenhouse gas reduction.
{"title":"Global Versus Regional Carbon Taxation: Exploring a Natural Experiment","authors":"Bodo Herzog","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce42022035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce42022035","url":null,"abstract":"The reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions has priority due to climate change. Scientists across disciplines promote carbon taxation or carbon pricing as an instrument to mitigate the negative externality of fossil energies. We exhibit two insufficiencies of today’s regulatory policy by utilizing a novel natural experiment. First, carbon taxation is only effective if it is implemented on a global scale because fossil energy markets and emissions are cross-border and global. Second, carbon taxation is based on an extrinsic mechanism and does not alter intrinsic behaviour sustainably. Our applied theory and modelling approach is corroborating these findings. The present regulatory approach is doomed to fail due to overambitious European countries and unambitious (partly realistic) rest of the world. Our interdisciplinary analysis unravels a new agenda to achieve the essential aim. What is needed is a global climate club, as proposed by Nobel Laureate William Nordhaus, with a least but global greenhouse gas reduction.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"28 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce42021367
Mingyue Selena Sheng, Le Wen, Beryl Tan, Stephen Poletti
This study conducts a comprehensive literature review, analysing academic articles, government documents, and reports from international organisations to discern trends in hydrogen fuel deployment for heavy transportation in New Zealand. It specifically assesses the current state-of-the-art technology, economic policies, and the impact of hydrogen fuel and fuel-cell vehicles on decarbonisation efforts and economic growth, acknowledging the influence of consumer preferences, diesel prices, and technological advancements on market demand. While recognising the cost-competitiveness challenges these vehicles face, the research highlights the necessity of significant investments in infrastructure development. Methodologically, the study integrates economies of scale and technological learning rates to evaluate hydrogen fuel investment returns. Furthermore, this paper employs the Castalia-MBIE model for scenario analysis, revealing two key insights. First, it underscores the criticality of maintaining a favourable equilibrium between domestic and international production costs alongside hydrogen fuel consumption to bolster New Zealand's competitiveness on the global stage. Second, it highlights the pronounced vulnerability of fuel-cell electric vehicles to supply-side influences as compared to demand-related variables. These insights contribute scientifically to understanding the economic dynamics of hydrogen fuel adoption and its implications for New Zealand's transport sector.
{"title":"Transitioning to a Hydrogen Future: Analysing Demand and Supply Dynamics in New Zealand's Transportation Sector","authors":"Mingyue Selena Sheng, Le Wen, Beryl Tan, Stephen Poletti","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce42021367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce42021367","url":null,"abstract":"This study conducts a comprehensive literature review, analysing academic articles, government documents, and reports from international organisations to discern trends in hydrogen fuel deployment for heavy transportation in New Zealand. It specifically assesses the current state-of-the-art technology, economic policies, and the impact of hydrogen fuel and fuel-cell vehicles on decarbonisation efforts and economic growth, acknowledging the influence of consumer preferences, diesel prices, and technological advancements on market demand. While recognising the cost-competitiveness challenges these vehicles face, the research highlights the necessity of significant investments in infrastructure development. Methodologically, the study integrates economies of scale and technological learning rates to evaluate hydrogen fuel investment returns. Furthermore, this paper employs the Castalia-MBIE model for scenario analysis, revealing two key insights. First, it underscores the criticality of maintaining a favourable equilibrium between domestic and international production costs alongside hydrogen fuel consumption to bolster New Zealand's competitiveness on the global stage. Second, it highlights the pronounced vulnerability of fuel-cell electric vehicles to supply-side influences as compared to demand-related variables. These insights contribute scientifically to understanding the economic dynamics of hydrogen fuel adoption and its implications for New Zealand's transport sector.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"16 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140083622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The review underscores the pivotal role of the Indian biogas sector in addressing the challenges posed by inadequate sanitation practices, exploring how the biogas sector is a potentially transformative force for waste management and energy production. Decentralized biogas facilities utilizing various organic materials, including agricultural waste, kitchen waste, organic industrial waste, sewage sludge, and floral waste, have reshaped rural landscapes. These facilities electrify remote villages, benefiting over 5 million residents and reducing energy expenses by 40%. Critically, these efforts preserve vital ecosystems, exemplified by the rejuvenation of 10,000 hectares of mangroves in the Sundarbans, sequestering an impressive 500,000 metric tons of CO2 annually. Innovative technologies, such as the anaerobic digestion process and advanced biogas production systems featuring improved gas purification techniques, two-stage digesters, and optimized feedstock mixtures, play a crucial role in this sustainability journey. These advancements boost biogas yields by 20%. Importantly, byproducts like digestate are efficiently upcycled into 500 Mt of high-quality biofertilizers annually, significantly enhancing crop yield, particularly wheat and maize, by 15%. Moreover, the transformative impact extends to environmental sustainability by converting digestate into 1,000 Mt of biodegradable plastics, leading to a 30% reduction in traditional plastics usage. Government support and well-crafted policies have been instrumental, with subsidies driving the adoption of biogas digesters in 50,000 households, creating 5,000 jobs, and reducing methane emissions by 2 MMt annually. Biogas catalyzes integrated sustainability, accompanying cleaner environments, improved livelihoods, and resilient ecosystems by harmonizing sanitation, energy, and ecosystem preservation.
{"title":"Harnessing Biogas in India: A Sustainable Pathway for Sustainable Energy Development","authors":"Dinesh Kumar Madheswaran, Jegadheeshwari Saravanan, Selvaraj Jegadheeswaran, Vengatesan Subramanian","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce42021762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce42021762","url":null,"abstract":"The review underscores the pivotal role of the Indian biogas sector in addressing the challenges posed by inadequate sanitation practices, exploring how the biogas sector is a potentially transformative force for waste management and energy production. Decentralized biogas facilities utilizing various organic materials, including agricultural waste, kitchen waste, organic industrial waste, sewage sludge, and floral waste, have reshaped rural landscapes. These facilities electrify remote villages, benefiting over 5 million residents and reducing energy expenses by 40%. Critically, these efforts preserve vital ecosystems, exemplified by the rejuvenation of 10,000 hectares of mangroves in the Sundarbans, sequestering an impressive 500,000 metric tons of CO2 annually. Innovative technologies, such as the anaerobic digestion process and advanced biogas production systems featuring improved gas purification techniques, two-stage digesters, and optimized feedstock mixtures, play a crucial role in this sustainability journey. These advancements boost biogas yields by 20%. Importantly, byproducts like digestate are efficiently upcycled into 500 Mt of high-quality biofertilizers annually, significantly enhancing crop yield, particularly wheat and maize, by 15%. Moreover, the transformative impact extends to environmental sustainability by converting digestate into 1,000 Mt of biodegradable plastics, leading to a 30% reduction in traditional plastics usage. Government support and well-crafted policies have been instrumental, with subsidies driving the adoption of biogas digesters in 50,000 households, creating 5,000 jobs, and reducing methane emissions by 2 MMt annually. Biogas catalyzes integrated sustainability, accompanying cleaner environments, improved livelihoods, and resilient ecosystems by harmonizing sanitation, energy, and ecosystem preservation.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"23 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140084447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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