Pub Date : 2023-03-21DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce3202742
Catherine N. Ekwe, Catherine C. Okpara, Larry O. Awo
There are growing mental health concerns over soot contamination of Niger-delta communities as a result of oil exploration activities. Our study sought to understand soot risk tolerance (SRT) as a pathway through which the association between exposure to soot (ES) and perceived soot risk concerns (SRC) could be explained among residents of oil-producing communities in the Coastal region of Nigeria. Data were obtained through a survey research design with the aid of self-report measures of ES, SRC, and SRT. PROCESS macro moderation results revealed that the positive association between ES and SRC (B = 1.22, t = 2.07, p = .027) was weakened by SRT (negative moderated) (B = -2.38, t = -4.16, p = 000) such that the association was weak for residents with high SRT scores, and strong for residents with low SRT sores. The key finding implies that risk tolerance is crucial to survival in oil-producing communities with physical soot pollution. We recommend that risk tolerance should be included in measures designed to boost individual’s capacity to adapt and function in a soot-contaminated environment.
由于石油勘探活动，尼日尔三角洲社区的煤烟污染引起了人们越来越多的心理健康担忧。我们的研究试图理解烟灰风险承受能力(SRT)是尼日利亚沿海地区产油社区居民接触烟灰(ES)和感知烟灰风险关注(SRC)之间关系的一个途径。数据通过调查研究设计获得，并辅以ES、SRC和SRT自我报告量表。PROCESS宏观调节结果显示，ES与SRC之间的正相关(B = 1.22, t = 2.07, p = 0.027)被SRT(负调节)(B = -2.38, t = -4.16, p = 000)削弱，其中SRT评分高的居民相关性弱，SRT评分低的居民相关性强。这一关键发现表明，在有物理烟尘污染的产油社区，风险承受能力对生存至关重要。我们建议将风险承受能力纳入旨在提高个人适应和在煤烟污染环境中发挥作用的能力的措施中。
{"title":"Green Economy versus Dark Health: Risk Tolerance Boosts Adaptation to Soot-Contaminated Environment","authors":"Catherine N. Ekwe, Catherine C. Okpara, Larry O. Awo","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce3202742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce3202742","url":null,"abstract":"There are growing mental health concerns over soot contamination of Niger-delta communities as a result of oil exploration activities. Our study sought to understand soot risk tolerance (SRT) as a pathway through which the association between exposure to soot (ES) and perceived soot risk concerns (SRC) could be explained among residents of oil-producing communities in the Coastal region of Nigeria. Data were obtained through a survey research design with the aid of self-report measures of ES, SRC, and SRT. PROCESS macro moderation results revealed that the positive association between ES and SRC (B = 1.22, t = 2.07, p = .027) was weakened by SRT (negative moderated) (B = -2.38, t = -4.16, p = 000) such that the association was weak for residents with high SRT scores, and strong for residents with low SRT sores. The key finding implies that risk tolerance is crucial to survival in oil-producing communities with physical soot pollution. We recommend that risk tolerance should be included in measures designed to boost individual’s capacity to adapt and function in a soot-contaminated environment.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136275390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce3202561
Rahul Tiwari, Yogesh Kumar Garg, Anjali Gupta, Vedankur S. Kedar, Nilanjan Paul
Increasing urbanization has led to uncontrolled growth along the periphery of urban areas, particularly in developing countries. This has led to the formation of suburban areas around the metropolis, which are characterized by low-density neighborhood with the places of activities like education, work etc. usually far off from one another. Walking is the predominant mode of transport across the world, but the facilities for pedestrians, while planning and implementation, are usually overlooked. Hitherto, ample amount of literature has been found to be centric to the pedestrian analysis in core city under different purviews, but only some studies highlighting pedestrian inequity in suburban diorama. To highlight these pedestrian issues, a study was conducted in Kajlikheda, a suburb area of Bhopal, which is the capital city of Madhya Pradesh, a central state of India. The paper highlights the pedestrian equity concern through Space Syntax Walkability (SSW). SSW of street integration and pedestrian choice analysis is used for understanding the walk pattern in a neighborhood. A reconnaissance survey was conducted to find out the available pedestrian infrastructure and facilities, post which, absence of these facilities was observed. To establish the share of pedestrians in traffic, and reinforce the findings, a Traffic Volume Count (TVC) was conducted, and pedestrian share was found to be substantial. In cognizance to the laid standards, Volume to Capacity (V/C) ratio was calculated for automobiles and pedestrians for quantifying the Level of Service (LoS) for both the modes. Through statistical analysis, the paper attempts to express the need to take adequate consideration to provide better pedestrian facilities, which can be generalized in various suburban scenarios across the globe. The research also brings a new dimension to the pedestrian equity studies by integrating concepts of space syntax to answer the modality.
{"title":"","authors":"Rahul Tiwari, Yogesh Kumar Garg, Anjali Gupta, Vedankur S. Kedar, Nilanjan Paul","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce3202561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce3202561","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing urbanization has led to uncontrolled growth along the periphery of urban areas, particularly in developing countries. This has led to the formation of suburban areas around the metropolis, which are characterized by low-density neighborhood with the places of activities like education, work etc. usually far off from one another. Walking is the predominant mode of transport across the world, but the facilities for pedestrians, while planning and implementation, are usually overlooked. Hitherto, ample amount of literature has been found to be centric to the pedestrian analysis in core city under different purviews, but only some studies highlighting pedestrian inequity in suburban diorama. To highlight these pedestrian issues, a study was conducted in Kajlikheda, a suburb area of Bhopal, which is the capital city of Madhya Pradesh, a central state of India. The paper highlights the pedestrian equity concern through Space Syntax Walkability (SSW). SSW of street integration and pedestrian choice analysis is used for understanding the walk pattern in a neighborhood. A reconnaissance survey was conducted to find out the available pedestrian infrastructure and facilities, post which, absence of these facilities was observed. To establish the share of pedestrians in traffic, and reinforce the findings, a Traffic Volume Count (TVC) was conducted, and pedestrian share was found to be substantial. In cognizance to the laid standards, Volume to Capacity (V/C) ratio was calculated for automobiles and pedestrians for quantifying the Level of Service (LoS) for both the modes. Through statistical analysis, the paper attempts to express the need to take adequate consideration to provide better pedestrian facilities, which can be generalized in various suburban scenarios across the globe. The research also brings a new dimension to the pedestrian equity studies by integrating concepts of space syntax to answer the modality.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135489500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce3202679
Clement A. Komolafe, David A. Fadare, Lawrence B. Oladeji, Abiodun A. Gbadamosi
The depletion of resources and emission of hazardous gases have been identified with conventional sources of energy. The negative influence of conventional sources of energy on the environment necessitates the call for the use of renewable and sustainable energy sources, such as wind. Wind power is one of the available renewable energy sources in Nigeria with huge potential that can be tapped in order to contribute to its energy mix. Wind energy utilization in Nigeria is poor because the available data in all six geopolitical political regions for system design have not been fully analysed and implemented. Wind energy projects are liable to failure if proper analysis is not done. Therefore, before any location could be considered suitable or unsuitable for wind power generation, the power density must be determined using the standard approach. This study, therefore evaluated the wind energy potential of Omu Aran, Nigeria using Weibull and Rayleigh models. Five years data collected from the metrological station of the Landmark University on Lat. 8.14 oN; Long. 5.10 oE were processed and analysed in Matlab computer software using a code developed for two statistical modelling methods (Weibull and Rayleigh). The actual mean yearly wind speed of 3.964 m/s for Kwara falls in the low wind speed. Although, the power density for hours of the day, months, and seasonal variation ranged from 24 to 141 W/m2. More than 50% of the power density for daily hours was less than 100 W/m2 which indicated that Omu Aran, Nigeria belongs to class 1. The coefficient of efficiency (COE) for Weibull probability distribution ranged from 39.95 to 94.9 while the coefficient of determination (COD) R2 ranged from 0.66 to 0.98. This range of performance values for the Weibull model, when compared to the Rayleigh model, were within the acceptable limits for prediction accuracy, hence the Weibull probability distribution function can be used for the preliminary design of wind power plants for Kwara State, Nigeria. Therefore, it would help the relevant stakeholders in wind power project investment to make the appropriate decision.
{"title":"","authors":"Clement A. Komolafe, David A. Fadare, Lawrence B. Oladeji, Abiodun A. Gbadamosi","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce3202679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce3202679","url":null,"abstract":"The depletion of resources and emission of hazardous gases have been identified with conventional sources of energy. The negative influence of conventional sources of energy on the environment necessitates the call for the use of renewable and sustainable energy sources, such as wind. Wind power is one of the available renewable energy sources in Nigeria with huge potential that can be tapped in order to contribute to its energy mix. Wind energy utilization in Nigeria is poor because the available data in all six geopolitical political regions for system design have not been fully analysed and implemented. Wind energy projects are liable to failure if proper analysis is not done. Therefore, before any location could be considered suitable or unsuitable for wind power generation, the power density must be determined using the standard approach. This study, therefore evaluated the wind energy potential of Omu Aran, Nigeria using Weibull and Rayleigh models. Five years data collected from the metrological station of the Landmark University on Lat. 8.14 oN; Long. 5.10 oE were processed and analysed in Matlab computer software using a code developed for two statistical modelling methods (Weibull and Rayleigh). The actual mean yearly wind speed of 3.964 m/s for Kwara falls in the low wind speed. Although, the power density for hours of the day, months, and seasonal variation ranged from 24 to 141 W/m2. More than 50% of the power density for daily hours was less than 100 W/m2 which indicated that Omu Aran, Nigeria belongs to class 1. The coefficient of efficiency (COE) for Weibull probability distribution ranged from 39.95 to 94.9 while the coefficient of determination (COD) R2 ranged from 0.66 to 0.98. This range of performance values for the Weibull model, when compared to the Rayleigh model, were within the acceptable limits for prediction accuracy, hence the Weibull probability distribution function can be used for the preliminary design of wind power plants for Kwara State, Nigeria. Therefore, it would help the relevant stakeholders in wind power project investment to make the appropriate decision.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135597762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce3202485
Nasiru Inuwa, Maryam Bello, Mohammed Bello Sani
Even though empirical evidence has shown that naturally endowed countries growth slower than their less naturally endowed counterparts, the scenario tagged as “resource curse hypothesis”, but it seems there are exceptions. Therefore, this study examines the confirmation or disputation of resource curse hypothesis among the West African Institutes for Financial and Economic Management (WAIFEM) member countries during the period 1986-2016. The study applied seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) and unraveled the strengthened effect of natural resources on output growth in Gambia, Ghana, and Sierra Leone. But, the study revealed a negative and statistically significant effect on economic growth in Liberia and Nigeria, thereby upholding the presence of resource curse hypothesis only in Liberia and Nigeria. Therefore, an overall “umbrella” policy recommendation inappropriate, but individually designed strategy that would help in managing the resources rents effectively in order to boost economic growth particularly in Liberia and Nigeria where their resource endowment serve as a curse rather than a blessing is recommended.
{"title":"Resource Curse in WAIFEM Member Countries: An Application of Seemingly Unrelated Regression","authors":"Nasiru Inuwa, Maryam Bello, Mohammed Bello Sani","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce3202485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce3202485","url":null,"abstract":"Even though empirical evidence has shown that naturally endowed countries growth slower than their less naturally endowed counterparts, the scenario tagged as “resource curse hypothesis”, but it seems there are exceptions. Therefore, this study examines the confirmation or disputation of resource curse hypothesis among the West African Institutes for Financial and Economic Management (WAIFEM) member countries during the period 1986-2016. The study applied seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) and unraveled the strengthened effect of natural resources on output growth in Gambia, Ghana, and Sierra Leone. But, the study revealed a negative and statistically significant effect on economic growth in Liberia and Nigeria, thereby upholding the presence of resource curse hypothesis only in Liberia and Nigeria. Therefore, an overall “umbrella” policy recommendation inappropriate, but individually designed strategy that would help in managing the resources rents effectively in order to boost economic growth particularly in Liberia and Nigeria where their resource endowment serve as a curse rather than a blessing is recommended.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135553357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article deals with the development of renewable energy in Russia, taking into account the coordination of this sector with small and medium-sized businesses. The aim of the study is to theoretically substantiate the strategy for the transition to renewable energy based on small and medium-sized businesses and to develop practical recommendations using the example of solar energy in Russia. The methodological basis of the article is the general organizational science of tectology A.A. Bogdanov, which was subsequently developed in the general theory of systems by L. von Bertalanffy. On the basis of a system analysis of a transformable energy complex, the authors carried out a theoretical justification for the emergence of synergy as a result of the involvement of small and medium-sized businesses in the development of renewable energy. It is shown that the formation of new links between small and medium-sized businesses and renewable energy has a positive effect, consisting in diversifying the country's fuel and energy balance and reducing the negative anthropogenic impact on nature without increasing electricity prices for end consumers. Using the example of installing solar panels on the vertical enclosing surfaces of buildings and structures with the involvement of small and medium-sized businesses, the reserves currently not fully used for the development of solar energy, mainly in the northern and eastern regions of Russia, without withdrawing territories from economic circulation, have been identified. The information base of the study is the data of the International Energy Agency, IRENA, and the Photovoltaic Geographical Information System. A graphical method was used to determine the feasibility of installing solar panels in different regions, taking into account seasonal fluctuations in the intensity of insolation, as well as the dependence of the coefficient of conversion of sunlight energy into electricity on temperature and snow cover albedo. The results of the study can be recommended for countries with similar natural and environmental conditions to Russia.
{"title":"Coordination of the Development of Renewable Energy and Small Business as a Mechanism for Ensuring the Sustainable Development of Russia","authors":"Sergey Aleksandrovich Nekrasov, Natalya Evgenievna Egorova","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce3202591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce3202591","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the development of renewable energy in Russia, taking into account the coordination of this sector with small and medium-sized businesses. The aim of the study is to theoretically substantiate the strategy for the transition to renewable energy based on small and medium-sized businesses and to develop practical recommendations using the example of solar energy in Russia. The methodological basis of the article is the general organizational science of tectology A.A. Bogdanov, which was subsequently developed in the general theory of systems by L. von Bertalanffy. On the basis of a system analysis of a transformable energy complex, the authors carried out a theoretical justification for the emergence of synergy as a result of the involvement of small and medium-sized businesses in the development of renewable energy. It is shown that the formation of new links between small and medium-sized businesses and renewable energy has a positive effect, consisting in diversifying the country's fuel and energy balance and reducing the negative anthropogenic impact on nature without increasing electricity prices for end consumers. Using the example of installing solar panels on the vertical enclosing surfaces of buildings and structures with the involvement of small and medium-sized businesses, the reserves currently not fully used for the development of solar energy, mainly in the northern and eastern regions of Russia, without withdrawing territories from economic circulation, have been identified. The information base of the study is the data of the International Energy Agency, IRENA, and the Photovoltaic Geographical Information System. A graphical method was used to determine the feasibility of installing solar panels in different regions, taking into account seasonal fluctuations in the intensity of insolation, as well as the dependence of the coefficient of conversion of sunlight energy into electricity on temperature and snow cover albedo. The results of the study can be recommended for countries with similar natural and environmental conditions to Russia.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"260 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136096459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce3202670
Gunter Stephan
Compared to existing needs, climate change adaptation policies are significantly deficient. Since many adaptation measures have the feature of a local public good, and since benefits accrue to later generations mainly, most environmental economists would argue that the public goods issue is the most plausible reason why incentives are often insufficient for achieving the optimal level of adaptation. Within a stylized overlapping generation model, we show that adaptation is subject to severe intergenerational consistency problems, if pure self-interest is a feature of the generation’s behavior. This explains among others why too little is invested into climate change adaptation. We also show that if the distribution of income between generations matters or if generations behave altruistic, this consistency conflict can be solved and offers possibilities for policy intervention.
{"title":"Intergenerational Fairness and Climate Change Adaptation Policy: An Economic Analysis","authors":"Gunter Stephan","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce3202670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce3202670","url":null,"abstract":"Compared to existing needs, climate change adaptation policies are significantly deficient. Since many adaptation measures have the feature of a local public good, and since benefits accrue to later generations mainly, most environmental economists would argue that the public goods issue is the most plausible reason why incentives are often insufficient for achieving the optimal level of adaptation. Within a stylized overlapping generation model, we show that adaptation is subject to severe intergenerational consistency problems, if pure self-interest is a feature of the generation’s behavior. This explains among others why too little is invested into climate change adaptation. We also show that if the distribution of income between generations matters or if generations behave altruistic, this consistency conflict can be solved and offers possibilities for policy intervention.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135384229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-21DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce3202608
Arnault Pachot, Céline Patissier
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is used to create more sustainable production methods and model climate change, making it a valuable tool in the fight against environmental degradation. This paper describes the paradox of an energy-consuming technology serving the ecological challenges of tomorrow. The study provides an overview of the sectors that use AI-based solutions for environmental protection. It draws on numerous examples from AI for Green players to present use cases and concrete examples. In the second part of the study, the negative impacts of AI on the environment and the emerging technological solutions to support Green AI are examined. It is also shown that the research on less energy-consuming AI is motivated more by cost and energy autonomy constraints than by environmental considerations. This leads to a rebound effect that favors an increase in the complexity of models. Finally, the need to integrate environmental indicators into algorithms is discussed. The environmental dimension is part of the broader ethical problem of AI, and addressing it is crucial for ensuring the sustainability of AI in the long term.
{"title":"Towards Sustainable Artificial Intelligence: An Overview of Environmental Protection Uses and Issues","authors":"Arnault Pachot, Céline Patissier","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce3202608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce3202608","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is used to create more sustainable production methods and model climate change, making it a valuable tool in the fight against environmental degradation. This paper describes the paradox of an energy-consuming technology serving the ecological challenges of tomorrow. The study provides an overview of the sectors that use AI-based solutions for environmental protection. It draws on numerous examples from AI for Green players to present use cases and concrete examples. In the second part of the study, the negative impacts of AI on the environment and the emerging technological solutions to support Green AI are examined. It is also shown that the research on less energy-consuming AI is motivated more by cost and energy autonomy constraints than by environmental considerations. This leads to a rebound effect that favors an increase in the complexity of models. Finally, the need to integrate environmental indicators into algorithms is discussed. The environmental dimension is part of the broader ethical problem of AI, and addressing it is crucial for ensuring the sustainability of AI in the long term.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136335920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-17DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce3202668
Yanli Wang, Yi Liu, Wanyin Feng, Shugui Zeng
This paper tests the extent to which the migration of "waste haven" causes a "poverty-environment trap". That is to say, imported waste caused the mid-income trap of the less developed European countries. Using Spatial Durbin Model on waste carbon dioxide emission of 28 EU countries from 2001 to 2018, we estimate the carbon footprint of imported wastes of the European Union (EU) members. The result shows an inverted "U" shape curve between GDP per capita and imported waste carbon footprint, confirming an Environment Kuznets Curve of "waste haven" transfer. It hinders the inbound of high-quality FDI. In the further mechanism test, we found industrial structure, FDI, industrialization, and urbanization are responsible for the spatial-temporal transfer of "pollution haven" and "environmental-poverty trap". The results also show that "waste haven" may accelerate the economic growth of less developed countries to some extent, however, with a higher percentage of dirty industries, FDI in the pollution-intensive sectors of these countries worsens their environmental conditions. It reinforces pollution haven effects and created a vicious circle of "poverty-environment trap" for low-income countries in the EU.
{"title":"Waste Haven Transfer and Poverty-Environment Trap: Evidence from EU","authors":"Yanli Wang, Yi Liu, Wanyin Feng, Shugui Zeng","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce3202668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce3202668","url":null,"abstract":"This paper tests the extent to which the migration of \"waste haven\" causes a \"poverty-environment trap\". That is to say, imported waste caused the mid-income trap of the less developed European countries. Using Spatial Durbin Model on waste carbon dioxide emission of 28 EU countries from 2001 to 2018, we estimate the carbon footprint of imported wastes of the European Union (EU) members. The result shows an inverted \"U\" shape curve between GDP per capita and imported waste carbon footprint, confirming an Environment Kuznets Curve of \"waste haven\" transfer. It hinders the inbound of high-quality FDI. In the further mechanism test, we found industrial structure, FDI, industrialization, and urbanization are responsible for the spatial-temporal transfer of \"pollution haven\" and \"environmental-poverty trap\". The results also show that \"waste haven\" may accelerate the economic growth of less developed countries to some extent, however, with a higher percentage of dirty industries, FDI in the pollution-intensive sectors of these countries worsens their environmental conditions. It reinforces pollution haven effects and created a vicious circle of \"poverty-environment trap\" for low-income countries in the EU.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"993 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135384444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-17DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce3202622
Fidelis Ibiang Abam, Oliver Ibor Inah, Ekwe B. Ekwe, Dodeye I. Igbong, Samuel O. Effiom, Friday A. Ovat, Oku E. Nyong, Ikem A. Ikem
Nigeria's in its Third National Communication (NTNC) current emissions estimate stipulate that its emissions intensities will continuously increase till 2030, and mitigations measures may not be deep and adequate to meet the upper range of its national reduction goals. Analysing the decoupling states with industrial added-value (IAV) growth, carbon emissions (CE) and the driving forces from a firm-level perspective is critical for the Nigerian state to actualised its 2030 emission reduction objective. Based on the Logarithm Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) procedure and the Tapio index approach, the drivers of CE in Nigeria's chemical and pharmaceutical (CHPH) industry were decomposed, and the decoupling states were measured between 2000 and 2020. The results show that CE increased from 4228.3 Mt in 2000 to 22220.7 Mt in 2020, an approximately 4.3% increase. The IAV growth in this period increased by 1.667%, while the coefficient of emission contracted in 2009 with an average progression rate of 4.4%. The decomposition analysis shows that the most influencing factors of CE were the change in the energy mix (∆EMIX) and energy intensity (∆EI) effects. In contrast, the carbon emissions coefficient (∆CI) effect was the significant driver that reduced CO2 emission. Two decoupling states were revealed: expansive negative decoupling (END) and strong negative decoupling (SND). Conversely, overall, the CE of Nigeria's CHPH industry demonstrated an expansive negative decoupling state with IAV growth. This suggests that the industry's energy consumption increased faster than value-added, with the resultant effect of emissions on the environment. However, the study made clear recommendations for low-carbon policy and environmental sustainability.
{"title":"CO2 Emissions Decoupling from Added Value Growth in the Chemical and Pharmaceutical (CHPH) Industry in Nigeria","authors":"Fidelis Ibiang Abam, Oliver Ibor Inah, Ekwe B. Ekwe, Dodeye I. Igbong, Samuel O. Effiom, Friday A. Ovat, Oku E. Nyong, Ikem A. Ikem","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce3202622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce3202622","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria's in its Third National Communication (NTNC) current emissions estimate stipulate that its emissions intensities will continuously increase till 2030, and mitigations measures may not be deep and adequate to meet the upper range of its national reduction goals. Analysing the decoupling states with industrial added-value (IAV) growth, carbon emissions (CE) and the driving forces from a firm-level perspective is critical for the Nigerian state to actualised its 2030 emission reduction objective. Based on the Logarithm Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) procedure and the Tapio index approach, the drivers of CE in Nigeria's chemical and pharmaceutical (CHPH) industry were decomposed, and the decoupling states were measured between 2000 and 2020. The results show that CE increased from 4228.3 Mt in 2000 to 22220.7 Mt in 2020, an approximately 4.3% increase. The IAV growth in this period increased by 1.667%, while the coefficient of emission contracted in 2009 with an average progression rate of 4.4%. The decomposition analysis shows that the most influencing factors of CE were the change in the energy mix (∆EMIX) and energy intensity (∆EI) effects. In contrast, the carbon emissions coefficient (∆CI) effect was the significant driver that reduced CO2 emission. Two decoupling states were revealed: expansive negative decoupling (END) and strong negative decoupling (SND). Conversely, overall, the CE of Nigeria's CHPH industry demonstrated an expansive negative decoupling state with IAV growth. This suggests that the industry's energy consumption increased faster than value-added, with the resultant effect of emissions on the environment. However, the study made clear recommendations for low-carbon policy and environmental sustainability.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135384456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.47852/bonviewglce3202560
Usman Sambo, Babayo Sule
Climate change is gradually transforming the globe into a difficult zone of survival for all faunas and floras owing to the existential threat that some changes are causing in the environment. The careless and unguarded activities and detrimental practices of man created a chain of reaction of nature in the surrounding environment leading to the collapse of the green zone and global warming which are all tantamount to undesired repercussions. One of the regions heavily affected by the impacts of climate change in Nigeria, specifically Northern Nigeria. The Northern part of Nigeria is known for many centuries as an agrarian region that is producing sufficient food which sustained the region and supplies Lake Chad and other West African states with food. However, this productive trend was radically reversed owing to many factors with climate change as the prime. This study will examine analytically how climate change influences or affects food production and food security in Northern Nigeria. The study proposes to use documented sources including books, journal articles, reports, media sources, maps and charts where applicable for data collection while thematic analytical interpretations will be used for data analysis. It is anticipated that the study explored the roots of the problem uniquely in the Northern Nigerian context, how it manifests and how it is directly or indirectly linked with socioeconomic and political problems such as violence, insurgency, forced migration, ethnic and religious clashes, famine, diseases and malnourishment. The study used the discoveries and findings from the investigation to proffer alternative remedies, models and practical policy suggestions for addressing the phenomenon permanently.
{"title":"Impact of Climate Change on Food Security in Northern Nigeria","authors":"Usman Sambo, Babayo Sule","doi":"10.47852/bonviewglce3202560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewglce3202560","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is gradually transforming the globe into a difficult zone of survival for all faunas and floras owing to the existential threat that some changes are causing in the environment. The careless and unguarded activities and detrimental practices of man created a chain of reaction of nature in the surrounding environment leading to the collapse of the green zone and global warming which are all tantamount to undesired repercussions. One of the regions heavily affected by the impacts of climate change in Nigeria, specifically Northern Nigeria. The Northern part of Nigeria is known for many centuries as an agrarian region that is producing sufficient food which sustained the region and supplies Lake Chad and other West African states with food. However, this productive trend was radically reversed owing to many factors with climate change as the prime. This study will examine analytically how climate change influences or affects food production and food security in Northern Nigeria. The study proposes to use documented sources including books, journal articles, reports, media sources, maps and charts where applicable for data collection while thematic analytical interpretations will be used for data analysis. It is anticipated that the study explored the roots of the problem uniquely in the Northern Nigerian context, how it manifests and how it is directly or indirectly linked with socioeconomic and political problems such as violence, insurgency, forced migration, ethnic and religious clashes, famine, diseases and malnourishment. The study used the discoveries and findings from the investigation to proffer alternative remedies, models and practical policy suggestions for addressing the phenomenon permanently.","PeriodicalId":489841,"journal":{"name":"Green and Low-Carbon Economy","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135261054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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