Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-01-08DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2292376
Younes Bathish, Neta Tuvia, Elizabeth Eshel, Tali Tal Lange, Christiane Sigrid Eberhardt, Michael Edelstein, Kamal Abu-Jabal
Patients on dialysis (PoD) are at high risk of severe morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Characterizing long-term vaccine immune responses in these patients will help optimize vaccine schedule for PoD. This study aimed to determine whether long-term humoral and B and T cell-responses post 3rd and 4th dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine differed between PoD and controls. Non-infected PoD and controls vaccinated with BNT162b2 were recruited in Ziv Medical Center, Israel, between 2021 and 2022. Specimens were collected 1-2 months pre 3rd dose; 1-3 months post 3rd dose; 4-5 months post 3rd dose and 3-5 months post the 4th dose. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (spike) specific antibodies, spike specific memory B cells, and spike specific CD154+ T cells as well as cytokines producing CD4+/CD8+ T cells were measured using standardized assays and compared between PoD and controls at each time point using Mann Whitney and Fisher's exact tests. We recruited 22 PoD and 20 controls. Antibody levels in PoD were lower compared to controls pre 3rd dose but not post 3rd and 4th doses. Frequencies of spike specific memory B cell populations were similar between PoD and controls overall. Frequencies of spike specific T cells, including those producing IFNγ and TNFα, were not lower in PoD. B and T cell mediated immune response in PoD following a 3rd and a 4th dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine was not inferior to controls up to 5 months post vaccination. Our results suggest that standard BNT162b2 vaccination is suitable for this group.
透析(PoD)患者是 COVID-19 严重发病和死亡的高危人群。鉴定这些患者的长期疫苗免疫反应将有助于优化针对透析患者的疫苗接种计划。本研究旨在确定 PoD 和对照组在接种第三剂和第四剂 BNT162b2 疫苗后的长期体液、B 细胞和 T 细胞反应是否存在差异。2021 年至 2022 年期间,以色列 Ziv 医疗中心招募了未感染的 PoD 和接种了 BNT162b2 疫苗的对照组。标本采集时间分别为第 3 次接种前 1-2 个月、第 3 次接种后 1-3 个月、第 3 次接种后 4-5 个月和第 4 次接种后 3-5 个月。使用标准化检测方法测量抗 SARS-CoV-2 穗状病毒(穗状病毒)特异性抗体、穗状病毒特异性记忆 B 细胞、穗状病毒特异性 CD154+ T 细胞以及产生 CD4+/CD8+ T 细胞的细胞因子,并使用曼惠特尼和费雪精确检验比较 PoD 和对照组在每个时间点的情况。我们招募了 22 名 PoD 和 20 名对照组。与对照组相比,PoD 在第 3 次用药前的抗体水平较低,但在第 3 次和第 4 次用药后的抗体水平并不低。尖峰特异性记忆 B 细胞群的频率在总体上与 PoD 和对照组相似。尖峰特异性 T 细胞(包括产生 IFNγ 和 TNFα 的细胞)的数量在 PoD 中并不低。接种第三剂和第四剂 BNT162b2 疫苗后,PoD 的 B 细胞和 T 细胞介导的免疫反应在接种后 5 个月内不低于对照组。我们的结果表明,标准的 BNT162b2 疫苗接种适用于该群体。
{"title":"B and T cell responses to the 3rd and 4th dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in dialysis patients.","authors":"Younes Bathish, Neta Tuvia, Elizabeth Eshel, Tali Tal Lange, Christiane Sigrid Eberhardt, Michael Edelstein, Kamal Abu-Jabal","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2023.2292376","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2023.2292376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients on dialysis (PoD) are at high risk of severe morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Characterizing long-term vaccine immune responses in these patients will help optimize vaccine schedule for PoD. This study aimed to determine whether long-term humoral and B and T cell-responses post 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine differed between PoD and controls. Non-infected PoD and controls vaccinated with BNT162b2 were recruited in Ziv Medical Center, Israel, between 2021 and 2022. Specimens were collected 1-2 months pre 3<sup>rd</sup> dose; 1-3 months post 3<sup>rd</sup> dose; 4-5 months post 3<sup>rd</sup> dose and 3-5 months post the 4<sup>th</sup> dose. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (spike) specific antibodies, spike specific memory B cells, and spike specific CD154+ T cells as well as cytokines producing CD4+/CD8+ T cells were measured using standardized assays and compared between PoD and controls at each time point using Mann Whitney and Fisher's exact tests. We recruited 22 PoD and 20 controls. Antibody levels in PoD were lower compared to controls pre 3<sup>rd</sup> dose but not post 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> doses. Frequencies of spike specific memory B cell populations were similar between PoD and controls overall. Frequencies of spike specific T cells, including those producing IFNγ and TNFα, were not lower in PoD. B and T cell mediated immune response in PoD following a 3<sup>rd</sup> and a 4<sup>th</sup> dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine was not inferior to controls up to 5 months post vaccination. Our results suggest that standard BNT162b2 vaccination is suitable for this group.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10793709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139404858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2342592
Ruimeng Shi, Xueli Liu, Yajuan Wang, Meilu Pan, Shaoqin Wang, Lin Shi, Beibei Ni
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) technology has been rapidly applied for the development of the COVID-19 vaccine. However, naked mRNA itself is inherently unstable. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) protect mRNAs from extracellular ribonucleases and facilitate mRNA trafficking. For mRNA vaccines, antigen-presenting cells utilize LNPs through uptake to elicit antigen-specific immunity. There are reports on the impact of various physical characteristics of LNPs, particularly those with sizes less than 200 nm, especially 50 to 150 nm, on the overall stability and protective efficacy of mRNA vaccines. To address this, a single change in the size of LNPs using the same mRNA stock solution was assessed for the physicochemical characterization of the resulting mRNA-LNPs vaccine, along with the evaluation of their protective efficacy. Particles of smaller sizes generally disperse more effectively in solutions, with minimized occurrence of particle precipitation and aggregation. Here, we demonstrate that the vaccine containing 80-100 nm mRNA-LNPs showed the best stability and protection at 4°C and -20°C. Furthermore, we can conclude that freezing the vaccine at -20°C is more appropriate for maintaining stability over the long term. This effort is poised to provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of ongoing mRNA vaccine endeavors and providing information on the development of novel products.
{"title":"Long-term stability and immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticle COVID-19 mRNA vaccine is affected by particle size.","authors":"Ruimeng Shi, Xueli Liu, Yajuan Wang, Meilu Pan, Shaoqin Wang, Lin Shi, Beibei Ni","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2342592","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2342592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) technology has been rapidly applied for the development of the COVID-19 vaccine. However, naked mRNA itself is inherently unstable. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) protect mRNAs from extracellular ribonucleases and facilitate mRNA trafficking. For mRNA vaccines, antigen-presenting cells utilize LNPs through uptake to elicit antigen-specific immunity. There are reports on the impact of various physical characteristics of LNPs, particularly those with sizes less than 200 nm, especially 50 to 150 nm, on the overall stability and protective efficacy of mRNA vaccines. To address this, a single change in the size of LNPs using the same mRNA stock solution was assessed for the physicochemical characterization of the resulting mRNA-LNPs vaccine, along with the evaluation of their protective efficacy. Particles of smaller sizes generally disperse more effectively in solutions, with minimized occurrence of particle precipitation and aggregation. Here, we demonstrate that the vaccine containing 80-100 nm mRNA-LNPs showed the best stability and protection at 4°C and -20°C. Furthermore, we can conclude that freezing the vaccine at -20°C is more appropriate for maintaining stability over the long term. This effort is poised to provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of ongoing mRNA vaccine endeavors and providing information on the development of novel products.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11085994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140877749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-01-30DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2306677
Carmelo M Vicario, Massimo Mucciardi, Giulia Faraone, Chiara Lucifora, Hannah M Schade, Alessandra Falzone, Mohammad A Salehinejad, Giuseppe Craparo, Michael A Nitsche
A wide range of survey studies have explored vaccination hesitancy/resistance during the COVID-19 pandemic and provided evidence that this can be explained by several individual variables from the ideological, clinical, and socio-affective domain. However, evidence about which individual variables predict vaccine hesitancy in the post-pandemic state of COVID-19 is meager. We administered a battery of questionnaires to a group of 120 Italian participants with high and low scores on the adult vaccine hesitancy scale (aVHS) to investigate the predictive role of ideological (i.e. political orientation), clinical (i.e. anxiety, interoceptive accuracy), and socio-affective (i.e. alexithymia, disgust sensitivity/propensity, empathy) variables on vaccine hesitancy/resistance. This study provides evidence that lower interoceptive awareness and cognitive empathy are predictors of a greater hesitancy to get vaccinated in the post-pandemic COVID-19 state.
{"title":"Individual predictors of vaccine hesitancy in the Italian post COVID-19 pandemic era.","authors":"Carmelo M Vicario, Massimo Mucciardi, Giulia Faraone, Chiara Lucifora, Hannah M Schade, Alessandra Falzone, Mohammad A Salehinejad, Giuseppe Craparo, Michael A Nitsche","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2306677","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2306677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A wide range of survey studies have explored vaccination hesitancy/resistance during the COVID-19 pandemic and provided evidence that this can be explained by several individual variables from the ideological, clinical, and socio-affective domain. However, evidence about which individual variables predict vaccine hesitancy in the post-pandemic state of COVID-19 is meager. We administered a battery of questionnaires to a group of 120 Italian participants with high and low scores on the adult vaccine hesitancy scale (aVHS) to investigate the predictive role of ideological (i.e. political orientation), clinical (i.e. anxiety, interoceptive accuracy), and socio-affective (i.e. alexithymia, disgust sensitivity/propensity, empathy) variables on vaccine hesitancy/resistance. This study provides evidence that lower interoceptive awareness and cognitive empathy are predictors of a greater hesitancy to get vaccinated in the post-pandemic COVID-19 state.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10829816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139576922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2309693
Gabrielle P Dailey, Christopher A Rabiola, Gangjun Lei, Junping Wei, Xiao-Yi Yang, Tao Wang, Cong-Xiao Liu, Melissa Gajda, Amy C Hobeika, Amanda Summers, Robert D Marek, Michael A Morse, Herbert K Lyerly, Erika J Crosby, Zachary C Hartman
ER+ breast cancers (BC) are characterized by the elevated expression and signaling of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1), which renders them sensitive to anti-endocrine therapy. While these therapies are clinically effective, prolonged treatment inevitably results in therapeutic resistance, which can occur through the emergence of gain-of-function mutations in ESR1. The central importance of ESR1 and development of mutated forms of ESR1 suggest that vaccines targeting these proteins could potentially be effective in preventing or treating endocrine resistance. To explore the potential of this approach, we developed several recombinant vaccines encoding different mutant forms of ESR1 (ESR1mut) and validated their ability to elicit ESR1-specific T cell responses. We then developed novel ESR1mut-expressing murine mammary cancer models to test the anti-tumor potential of ESR1mut vaccines. We found that these vaccines could suppress tumor growth, ESR1mut expression and estrogen signaling in vivo. To illustrate the applicability of these findings, we utilize HPLC to demonstrate the presentation of ESR1 and ESR1mut peptides on human ER+ BC cell MHC complexes. We then show the presence of human T cells reactive to ESR1mut epitopes in an ER+ BC patient. These findings support the development of ESR1mut vaccines, which we are testing in a Phase I clinical trial.
ER+乳腺癌(BC)的特点是雌激素受体α(ESR1)的表达和信号传导升高,这使它们对抗内分泌治疗敏感。虽然这些疗法在临床上很有效,但长期治疗不可避免地会产生耐药性,而耐药性的产生可能是由于 ESR1 发生了功能增益突变。ESR1的核心重要性和ESR1突变形式的发展表明,针对这些蛋白的疫苗有可能有效预防或治疗内分泌耐药性。为了探索这种方法的潜力,我们开发了几种编码不同突变形式 ESR1(ESR1mut)的重组疫苗,并验证了它们诱导 ESR1 特异性 T 细胞应答的能力。然后,我们开发了新型 ESR1mut 表达小鼠乳腺癌模型,以测试 ESR1mut 疫苗的抗肿瘤潜力。我们发现这些疫苗可以抑制体内肿瘤生长、ESR1mut 表达和雌激素信号传导。为了说明这些发现的适用性,我们利用高效液相色谱法证明了 ESR1 和 ESR1mut 肽在人 ER+ BC 细胞 MHC 复合物上的呈现。然后,我们在一名ER+ BC患者体内发现了对ESR1mut表位有反应的人类T细胞。这些发现支持了 ESR1mut 疫苗的开发,我们正在对其进行 I 期临床试验。
{"title":"Vaccines targeting <i>ESR1</i> activating mutations elicit anti-tumor immune responses and suppress estrogen signaling in therapy resistant ER+ breast cancer.","authors":"Gabrielle P Dailey, Christopher A Rabiola, Gangjun Lei, Junping Wei, Xiao-Yi Yang, Tao Wang, Cong-Xiao Liu, Melissa Gajda, Amy C Hobeika, Amanda Summers, Robert D Marek, Michael A Morse, Herbert K Lyerly, Erika J Crosby, Zachary C Hartman","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2309693","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2309693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ER+ breast cancers (BC) are characterized by the elevated expression and signaling of estrogen receptor alpha (<i>ESR1)</i>, which renders them sensitive to anti-endocrine therapy. While these therapies are clinically effective, prolonged treatment inevitably results in therapeutic resistance, which can occur through the emergence of gain-of-function mutations in <i>ESR1</i>. The central importance of <i>ESR1</i> and development of mutated forms of <i>ESR1</i> suggest that vaccines targeting these proteins could potentially be effective in preventing or treating endocrine resistance. To explore the potential of this approach, we developed several recombinant vaccines encoding different mutant forms of <i>ESR1</i> (<i>ESR1</i>mut) and validated their ability to elicit <i>ESR1</i>-specific T cell responses. We then developed novel <i>ESR1</i>mut-expressing murine mammary cancer models to test the anti-tumor potential of <i>ESR1</i>mut vaccines. We found that these vaccines could suppress tumor growth, <i>ESR1</i>mut expression and estrogen signaling in vivo. To illustrate the applicability of these findings, we utilize HPLC to demonstrate the presentation of <i>ESR1</i> and <i>ESR1</i>mut peptides on human ER+ BC cell MHC complexes. We then show the presence of human T cells reactive to <i>ESR1</i>mut epitopes in an ER+ BC patient. These findings support the development of <i>ESR1</i>mut vaccines, which we are testing in a Phase I clinical trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10857653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139708307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-03-11DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2320501
Maycas Gembe, Teklu Wosenyeleh, Wubishet Gezimu
The World Health Organization recommends tetanus toxoid immunization before or during pregnancy for all women of childbearing age. The goal is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality due to tetanus. According to the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) report, more than half (51%) of women did not receive protective doses of tetanus immunization. To the best of our knowledge, this study uniquely tried to assess the level of protective doses of tetanus toxoid immunization in southern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 580 randomly selected participants. Variable with p-value of less than .25 in the bivariate analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Finally, statistical significance was declared at a p-value of less than .05. The proportion of protective doses of tetanus toxoid immunization uptake in the area was found to be 41.9% (95% CI: 38-46%). Being enrolled in formal education [AOR = 6.55, 95% CI: 3.23-9.01], having at least two postnatal care visits [AOR = 3.82; 95% CI: 1.78-6.40], having at least four antenatal care visits [AOR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.41-4.34], and being visited by Health Extension Workers [AOR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1.42-4.01] were found to be factors enhancing the uptake of protective doses of tetanus toxoid immunization. Generally, the uptake or prevalence of the protective doses of tetanus toxoid immunization in the area was lower than the World Health Organization's target. Therefore, all responsible bodies, including healthcare providers, need to strengthen counseling mothers to enhance the uptake of tetanus toxoid immunization.
{"title":"Protective doses of tetanus toxoid immunization and its associated factors among mothers in southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Maycas Gembe, Teklu Wosenyeleh, Wubishet Gezimu","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2320501","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2320501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The World Health Organization recommends tetanus toxoid immunization before or during pregnancy for all women of childbearing age. The goal is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality due to tetanus. According to the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) report, more than half (51%) of women did not receive protective doses of tetanus immunization. To the best of our knowledge, this study uniquely tried to assess the level of protective doses of tetanus toxoid immunization in southern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 580 randomly selected participants. Variable with <i>p</i>-value of less than .25 in the bivariate analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Finally, statistical significance was declared at a <i>p</i>-value of less than .05. The proportion of protective doses of tetanus toxoid immunization uptake in the area was found to be 41.9% (95% CI: 38-46%). Being enrolled in formal education [AOR = 6.55, 95% CI: 3.23-9.01], having at least two postnatal care visits [AOR = 3.82; 95% CI: 1.78-6.40], having at least four antenatal care visits [AOR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.41-4.34], and being visited by Health Extension Workers [AOR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1.42-4.01] were found to be factors enhancing the uptake of protective doses of tetanus toxoid immunization. Generally, the uptake or prevalence of the protective doses of tetanus toxoid immunization in the area was lower than the World Health Organization's target. Therefore, all responsible bodies, including healthcare providers, need to strengthen counseling mothers to enhance the uptake of tetanus toxoid immunization.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10936595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2309006
Maude Dionne, Louis Rochette, Denis Hamel, Ève Dube
Although COVID-19 vaccine uptake was high in Quebec for the primary series, vaccine acceptance decreased for the subsequent booster doses. This article presents the evolution of vaccine intention, self-reported vaccination behaviors, and vaccine hesitancy over 2 years. A series of cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Quebec between March 2020 and March 2023, with a representative sample of 3,330 adults recruited biweekly via a Web panel. Panelists could have answered multiple times over the course of the project. A cohort of respondents was created to assess how attitudes and behaviors about COVID-19 vaccines evolved. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regressions were performed. Among the 1,914 individuals with no or low intention of getting vaccinated in Fall 2021 (Period 1), 1,476 (77%) reported having received at least two doses in the Winter 2023 (Period 2). Not believing in conspiracy theory (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.65-2.64), being worried about catching COVID-19 (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.65-2.73) and not living in a rural area (ORs of other areas are 2.27, 95% CI: 1.58-3.28; 1.66, 95% CI: 1.23-2.26; 1.82 95% CI: 1.23-2.73) were the three main factors associated with being vaccinated at Period 2. Among the 11,117 individuals not hesitant at Period 1, 1,335 (12%) became hesitant at Period 2. The three main factors significantly associated with becoming vaccine hesitant were the adherence to conspiracy theories (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.95-2.66), being a female (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.48-1.90) and being younger than 65 years old (the ORs for 18-34, 35-49, and 50-64 compared with 65 and over are 2.82, 95% CI: 2.32-3.44; 2.39, 95% CI: 2.00-2.86 and 1.82, 95% CI: 1.55-2.15 respectively). As the pandemic is over, monitoring the evolution of vaccine attitudes and uptake will be important.
{"title":"Change in intention and hesitancy regarding COVID-19 vaccines in a cohort of adults in Quebec during the pandemic.","authors":"Maude Dionne, Louis Rochette, Denis Hamel, Ève Dube","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2309006","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2309006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although COVID-19 vaccine uptake was high in Quebec for the primary series, vaccine acceptance decreased for the subsequent booster doses. This article presents the evolution of vaccine intention, self-reported vaccination behaviors, and vaccine hesitancy over 2 years. A series of cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Quebec between March 2020 and March 2023, with a representative sample of 3,330 adults recruited biweekly via a Web panel. Panelists could have answered multiple times over the course of the project. A cohort of respondents was created to assess how attitudes and behaviors about COVID-19 vaccines evolved. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regressions were performed. Among the 1,914 individuals with no or low intention of getting vaccinated in Fall 2021 (Period 1), 1,476 (77%) reported having received at least two doses in the Winter 2023 (Period 2). Not believing in conspiracy theory (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.65-2.64), being worried about catching COVID-19 (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.65-2.73) and not living in a rural area (ORs of other areas are 2.27, 95% CI: 1.58-3.28; 1.66, 95% CI: 1.23-2.26; 1.82 95% CI: 1.23-2.73) were the three main factors associated with being vaccinated at Period 2. Among the 11,117 individuals not hesitant at Period 1, 1,335 (12%) became hesitant at Period 2. The three main factors significantly associated with becoming vaccine hesitant were the adherence to conspiracy theories (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.95-2.66), being a female (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.48-1.90) and being younger than 65 years old (the ORs for 18-34, 35-49, and 50-64 compared with 65 and over are 2.82, 95% CI: 2.32-3.44; 2.39, 95% CI: 2.00-2.86 and 1.82, 95% CI: 1.55-2.15 respectively). As the pandemic is over, monitoring the evolution of vaccine attitudes and uptake will be important.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10865925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139724674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-02-14DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2311476
Holly B Fontenot, Kevin M Quist, Gary Glauberman, Alexandra Michel, Gregory Zimet
There is a continued need for research to better understand the influence social media has on parental vaccination attitudes and behaviors, especially research capturing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal of this study was to explore parents' perspectives related to the impact the pandemic had on 1) social media engagement, 2) vaccine messaging on social media, and 3) factors to guide future intervention development. Between February and March 2022, 6 online, synchronous, text-based focus groups were conducted with parents of adolescents aged 11 to 17 years. Participants who all utilized social media were recruited from across the United States. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. A total of 64 parents participated. Average age was 47 years, and participants were predominantly White (71.9%), female (84.3%), and engaged with social media multiple times per day (51.6%). Participants (95.3%) viewed obtaining all recommended vaccines as important or very important; however, overall vaccination rates for their adolescents were varied (50% ≥1 dose HPV; 59.4% MenACWY; 78.1% Tdap; 65.6% Flu; 81.3% COVID-19). Three themes emerged highlighting the pandemic's impact on parent's (1) general patterns of social media use, (2) engagement about vaccines on social media and off-line behaviors related to vaccination, and (3) perspectives for developing a credible and trustworthy social media intervention about vaccination. Participants reported fatigue from contentious vaccine-related content on social media and desired future messaging to be from recognizable health institutions/associations with links to reputable resources. Plus, providers should continue to provide strong vaccine recommendations in clinic.
{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media utilization, influences related to parental vaccine decision making, and opinions on trustworthy social media vaccination campaigns: A qualitative analysis.","authors":"Holly B Fontenot, Kevin M Quist, Gary Glauberman, Alexandra Michel, Gregory Zimet","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2311476","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2311476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a continued need for research to better understand the influence social media has on parental vaccination attitudes and behaviors, especially research capturing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal of this study was to explore parents' perspectives related to the impact the pandemic had on 1) social media engagement, 2) vaccine messaging on social media, and 3) factors to guide future intervention development. Between February and March 2022, 6 online, synchronous, text-based focus groups were conducted with parents of adolescents aged 11 to 17 years. Participants who all utilized social media were recruited from across the United States. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. A total of 64 parents participated. Average age was 47 years, and participants were predominantly White (71.9%), female (84.3%), and engaged with social media multiple times per day (51.6%). Participants (95.3%) viewed obtaining all recommended vaccines as important or very important; however, overall vaccination rates for their adolescents were varied (50% ≥1 dose HPV; 59.4% MenACWY; 78.1% Tdap; 65.6% Flu; 81.3% COVID-19). Three themes emerged highlighting the pandemic's impact on parent's (1) general patterns of social media use, (2) engagement about vaccines on social media and off-line behaviors related to vaccination, and (3) perspectives for developing a credible and trustworthy social media intervention about vaccination. Participants reported fatigue from contentious vaccine-related content on social media and desired future messaging to be from recognizable health institutions/associations with links to reputable resources. Plus, providers should continue to provide strong vaccine recommendations in clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10878019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139736544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-02-23DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2316417
Jeanna Parsons Leigh, Emily A FitzGerald, Stephana Julia Moss, Michal S Cherak, Rebecca Brundin-Mather, Alexandra Dodds, Henry T Stelfox, Ève Dubé, Kirsten M Fiest, Donna M Halperin, Sofia B Ahmed, Shannon E MacDonald, Sharon E Straus, Terra Manca, Josh Ng Kamstra, Andrea Soo, Shelly Longmore, Shelly Kupsch, Bonnie Sept, Scott A Halperin
We sought in-depth understanding on the evolution of factors influencing COVID-19 booster dose and bivalent vaccine hesitancy in a longitudinal semi-structured interview-based qualitative study. Serial interviews were conducted between July 25th and September 1st, 2022 (Phase I: univalent booster dose availability), and between November 21st, 2022 and January 11th, 2023 (Phase II: bivalent vaccine availability). Adults (≥18 years) in Canada who had received an initial primary series and had not received a COVID-19 booster dose were eligible for Phase I, and subsequently invited to participate in Phase II. Twenty-two of twenty-three (96%) participants completed interviews for both phases (45 interviews). Nearly half of participants identified as a woman (n = 11), the median age was 37 years (interquartile range: 32-48), and most participants were employed full-time (n = 12); no participant reported needing to vaccinate (with a primary series) for their workplace. No participant reported having received a COVID-19 booster dose at the time of their interview in Phase II. Three themes relating to the development of hesitancy toward continued vaccination against COVID-19 were identified: 1) effectiveness (frequency concerns; infection despite vaccination); 2) necessity (less threatening, low urgency, alternate protective measures); and 3) information (need for data, contradiction and confusion, lack of trust, decreased motivation). The data from interviews with individuals who had not received a COVID-19 booster dose or bivalent vaccine despite having received a primary series of COVID-19 vaccines highlights actionable targets to address vaccine hesitancy and improve public health literacy.
{"title":"The evolution of vaccine hesitancy through the COVID-19 pandemic: A semi-structured interview study on booster and bivalent doses.","authors":"Jeanna Parsons Leigh, Emily A FitzGerald, Stephana Julia Moss, Michal S Cherak, Rebecca Brundin-Mather, Alexandra Dodds, Henry T Stelfox, Ève Dubé, Kirsten M Fiest, Donna M Halperin, Sofia B Ahmed, Shannon E MacDonald, Sharon E Straus, Terra Manca, Josh Ng Kamstra, Andrea Soo, Shelly Longmore, Shelly Kupsch, Bonnie Sept, Scott A Halperin","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2316417","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2316417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We sought in-depth understanding on the evolution of factors influencing COVID-19 booster dose and bivalent vaccine hesitancy in a longitudinal semi-structured interview-based qualitative study. Serial interviews were conducted between July 25th and September 1<sup>st</sup>, 2022 (Phase I: univalent booster dose availability), and between November 21<sup>st</sup>, 2022 and January 11<sup>th</sup>, 2023 (Phase II: bivalent vaccine availability). Adults (≥18 years) in Canada who had received an initial primary series and had not received a COVID-19 booster dose were eligible for Phase I, and subsequently invited to participate in Phase II. Twenty-two of twenty-three (96%) participants completed interviews for both phases (45 interviews). Nearly half of participants identified as a woman (<i>n</i> = 11), the median age was 37 years (interquartile range: 32-48), and most participants were employed full-time (<i>n</i> = 12); no participant reported needing to vaccinate (with a primary series) for their workplace. No participant reported having received a COVID-19 booster dose at the time of their interview in Phase II. Three themes relating to the development of hesitancy toward continued vaccination against COVID-19 were identified: 1) effectiveness (frequency concerns; infection despite vaccination); 2) necessity (less threatening, low urgency, alternate protective measures); and 3) information (need for data, contradiction and confusion, lack of trust, decreased motivation). The data from interviews with individuals who had not received a COVID-19 booster dose or bivalent vaccine despite having received a primary series of COVID-19 vaccines highlights actionable targets to address vaccine hesitancy and improve public health literacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10896168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31Epub Date: 2024-03-04DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2317446
Jing Chen, Sumitra Shantakumar, Jennifer Si, Regina Gowindah, Raunak Parikh, Felix Chan, Macy Chan, Won Suk Choi, Erick Huang, Kuo-Chin Huang, Li-Min Huang, Hyungwoo Kim, Choon Kit Leong, Hoe-Nam Leong, Yubin Seo, Charles Williams, Andrew Ty Wong
Herpes zoster (HZ) is a prevalent disease characterized by a painful rash. A multi‑country study was conducted to elicit public and physician knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward HZ disease and vaccination for the assessment of local factors influencing HZ vaccine perceptions in four Asian-Pacific countries/territories One-to-one qualitative interviews were conducted in 2022, among the public (people aged ≥ 50 years, adults with parents aged ≥ 50 years, zoster vaccine live-vaccinated individuals aged ≥ 50 years in Republic of Korea, and HZ patients; n = 78) and physicians (general practitioners and specialists; n = 24). Themes surrounding KAP toward HZ and HZ vaccination were summarized using a thematic analysis. A substantial knowledge gap related to HZ was observed among the public, including its causes, long-term impacts, and the at-risk population. There was a low perceived risk of HZ and low general awareness of HZ vaccine availability, although country/territory-specific differences existed. Fear of HZ-associated pain contributed toward vaccination intent among HZ patients and adults with parents aged ≥ 50 years. HZ-naïve adults who were encouraged to receive the vaccine by others were not motivated to do so due to optimism bias. Physicians were perceived to be a reliable source of information. However, physicians did not always proactively discuss HZ vaccination due to time constraints and a perceived need to prioritize other vaccinations including influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. Initiatives are needed to improve public awareness of HZ and its complications, in terms of overall impact on individuals and society, and highlight the important role of physicians in recommending vaccination.
{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward herpes zoster (HZ) and HZ vaccination: Concept elicitation findings from a multi-country study in the Asia Pacific.","authors":"Jing Chen, Sumitra Shantakumar, Jennifer Si, Regina Gowindah, Raunak Parikh, Felix Chan, Macy Chan, Won Suk Choi, Erick Huang, Kuo-Chin Huang, Li-Min Huang, Hyungwoo Kim, Choon Kit Leong, Hoe-Nam Leong, Yubin Seo, Charles Williams, Andrew Ty Wong","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2317446","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2317446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herpes zoster (HZ) is a prevalent disease characterized by a painful rash. A multi‑country study was conducted to elicit public and physician knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward HZ disease and vaccination for the assessment of local factors influencing HZ vaccine perceptions in four Asian-Pacific countries/territories One-to-one qualitative interviews were conducted in 2022, among the public (people aged ≥ 50 years, adults with parents aged ≥ 50 years, zoster vaccine live-vaccinated individuals aged ≥ 50 years in Republic of Korea, and HZ patients; <i>n</i> = 78) and physicians (general practitioners and specialists; <i>n</i> = 24). Themes surrounding KAP toward HZ and HZ vaccination were summarized using a thematic analysis. A substantial knowledge gap related to HZ was observed among the public, including its causes, long-term impacts, and the at-risk population. There was a low perceived risk of HZ and low general awareness of HZ vaccine availability, although country/territory-specific differences existed. Fear of HZ-associated pain contributed toward vaccination intent among HZ patients and adults with parents aged ≥ 50 years. HZ-naïve adults who were encouraged to receive the vaccine by others were not motivated to do so due to optimism bias. Physicians were perceived to be a reliable source of information. However, physicians did not always proactively discuss HZ vaccination due to time constraints and a perceived need to prioritize other vaccinations including influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. Initiatives are needed to improve public awareness of HZ and its complications, in terms of overall impact on individuals and society, and highlight the important role of physicians in recommending vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10913700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}