Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics最新文献

Most cases of childhood cancer occur in low- and middle-income countries. In parallel, children with cancer are more vulnerable to infections, including vaccine-preventable infections. We distributed an electronic, self-administered survey to healthcare providers working in Latin America and the Caribbean region who deliver care to children with cancer to assess the factors that influence their decision and ability to vaccinate children with cancer. Our study found that approximately half of respondents consistently requested the patient's vaccination record before starting cancer treatment and that less than 20% estimated that ≥75% of their pediatric patients were up to date on their immunizations. Only a small fraction reported having related government policies and reporting requirements for immunizing/re-immunizing children with cancer. Respondents recognize the need to immunize children with cancer; however, national policies and monitoring tools for this population are lacking. There are global initiatives to address gaps in immunization coverage and to promote the development of policy and infrastructure to support the increasing number of children with cancer. Although they have clear and distinct goals, there are opportunities to combine efforts. Integrating immunizations into national childhood cancer treatment policies and enhancing current vaccination surveillance platforms can address gaps and support an overlooked population.

The approach of neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer, which involves administering systemic treatment prior to primary surgery, has undergone substantial advancements in recent decades. This strategy is intended to reduce tumor size, thereby enabling less invasive surgical procedures and enhancing patient outcomes. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research trends in neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer from 2009 to 2024. Using data extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection, a total of 3,674 articles were analyzed to map the research landscape in this field. The analysis reveals a steady increase in publication output, peaking in 2022, with the United States and China identified as the leading contributors. Key institutions, such as the University of Texas System and MD Anderson Cancer Center, have been instrumental in advancing the research on neoadjuvant therapy. The study also highlights the contributions of influential authors like Sibylle Loibl and Gunter von Minckwitz, as well as major journals such as the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Emerging research topics, including immunotherapy, liquid biopsy, and artificial intelligence, are gaining prominence and represent potential future directions for clinical applications. This bibliometric analysis provides critical insights into global research trends, key contributors, and future developments in the field of neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer, offering a foundation for future research and clinical practice advancements.

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies, their applications in the medical field have expanded significantly. Particularly in vaccine innovation, AI and ML have shown considerable potential. This article employs bibliometric analysis to examine the progress of AI and ML in vaccine innovation over recent years. By conducting literature retrieval, data extraction, and intelligent analysis through Web of Science, it provides more accurate and comprehensive insights into vaccine development and dosimetry. The rapid growth in research publications since 2012, particularly the geometric growth observed since 2017, underscores the increasing recognition of the potential of AI and ML to revolutionize vaccine development. However, despite the substantial benefits of AI and ML in vaccine innovation, challenges remain regarding data quality, algorithm reliability, and ethical considerations. As technology continues to advance and research deepens, AI and machine learning are anticipated to play an even more pivotal role in vaccine innovation. Notably, AI has the potential to accelerate vaccine development timelines, particularly in the context of emerging infectious diseases. By leveraging data-driven insights and predictive modeling, AI can streamline processes such as antigen discovery, clinical trial design, and risk assessment, thereby enabling faster responses to public health emergencies. This capability is especially critical for addressing sudden outbreaks of infectious diseases, where rapid deployment of effective vaccines can significantly mitigate global health risks.

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, has been spread to more than 100 countries until now. Vaccines are vital measures to protect against mpox infection. However, vaccine hesitancy remains a barrier to achieving widespread vaccination coverage. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of mpox vaccination hesitancy and its associated factors in China. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 3669 participants aged 18 years and above in China from September 15 to October 9, 2024. The main outcomes measured were the hesitancy to get vaccinated against mpox for oneself and for one's children. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression model. The overall hesitancy rate for mpox vaccination was 28.4% for oneself and 24.5% for one's children. Higher hesitancy was observed among male individuals (30.8%), those aged >40 years (31.2%), married individuals (29.6%), and those with high mpox-related knowledge (30.9%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that females had lower hesitancy (aOR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72-0.97), while individuals with high mpox-related knowledge had higher hesitancy (aOR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.03-1.47). These findings provide valuable data for public health authorities to design effective strategies for mpox vaccination rollout in China.

This study seeks to investigate willingness to receive vaccination against NTDs using mRNA-based vaccines in various Asian countries, including China. Between June and December 2023, an anonymous cross-sectional survey was carried out in five countries. The survey assessed knowledge and attitudes regarding mRNA vaccines and their potential impact on vaccination acceptance. The majority indicated being somewhat willing (44.9%), 19.3% expressed extreme willingness. High knowledge scores (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.61, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.31-2.96] were associated with higher willingness to receive mRNA-based NTD vaccines. Participants from Bangladesh recorded the highest proportion expressed willingness (51.4%), followed by China (15.9%). Vietnam (15.4%) and Malaysia (14.8%). Pakistan (11.0%) and India (11.3%) recorded lowest proportions of willingness. Understanding the mechanism of mRNA vaccines and awareness of the difference between mRNA vaccines and conventional ones are knowledge items that significantly predict acceptance. Concerns regarding potential unknown side effects associated with mRNA-based approaches, and the perception that traditional vaccine development methods are safer, negatively correlate with willingness. Conversely, the belief in the advantages of mRNA-based approaches, such as rapid development, heightened potency, and reduced cost, positively correlates with willingness. High overall knowledge and attitudes scores were associated with a higher willingness to receive vaccines. The younger age group and females demonstrated a greater vaccination acceptance. Overall, the study highlights both opportunities and challenges in promoting the uptake of mRNA-based vaccines against NTDs in Asia countries. The study provides insights into enhancing knowledge and fostering positive attitudes toward mRNA-based vaccines.

Mass vaccination clinics efficiently vaccinate large numbers of people. The CARD system (Comfort, Ask, Relax, Distract) is a vaccination delivery framework that can improve the experiences of vaccine recipients and providers. This two-stage hybrid effectiveness-implementation study implemented and sustained CARD in university-based vaccination clinics involving pharmacy student vaccinators. Stage 1 was a before-and-after study conducted across four COVID-19 vaccination clinics in November-December, 2022. Stage 2 was a single cohort study whereby CARD was sustained across four COVID-19/influenza vaccination clinics in November, 2023. In both stages, vaccine recipients rated experiences relative to last vaccination (primary outcome) and symptoms (pain, fear, dizziness) using surveys. Pharmacy student vaccinators completed attitudes and behaviors surveys; a subsample participated in focus groups. In Stage 1, more vaccine recipients in the after period (vs. before) reported a better vaccination experience relative to their last vaccination (64.0% vs 33.6%; p < .001; n = 181). Fear and pain were lower (1.1 vs. 1.7, p = .03; and 1.6 vs. 2.1, p = .02, respectively). In Stage 2, 57.4% (95% CI: 53.1%-61.6%; n = 542) of vaccine recipients reported a better experience. Across stages, pharmacy students had positive attitudes about acceptability, feasibility, and sustainability of CARD and reported high fidelity with CARD-recommended interventions. CARD is recommended for university-based vaccination clinics to improve vaccine recipient and provider experiences.

Older adults and adults with certain chronic conditions are at increased risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease. In 2023, RSV vaccines first became available in the United States (US) for adults aged ≥60 years. This retrospective database analysis evaluated RSV vaccination uptake from August 2023-February 2025 using IQVIA's open-source pharmacy (LRx) and medical (Dx) claims data. The study included US adults aged ≥60 years with ≥1 claim in 2023. For those without RSV vaccination in 2023, ≥1 claim was also required between January 2024-February 2025. Uptake was assessed as the number and percentage of eligible adults who received an RSV vaccine during the study period. Multivariable logistic regression modeling explored factors associated with RSV vaccination. Nearly 12.8 million adults aged ≥60 years (16.4%) received RSV vaccination between August 2023-February 2025. Uptake generally increased with age and was higher among those with ≥1 potential risk factor for severe RSV disease. Disparities in uptake were observed by race, ethnicity, and other social determinants of health. In multivariable analyses, odds of RSV vaccination were nearly 24 times higher for those who received ≥1 non-RSV vaccine from August 2023-February 2025 versus those who had not. Despite the increased risk of severe RSV disease among older adults and those with certain risk factors, relatively limited RSV vaccination uptake was observed during the 2023-2025 seasons, with disparities observed. Additional efforts are needed to support RSV prevention among those at highest risk and to ensure equitable access to vaccination.

Serotype 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae (ser3) has emerged as a leading cause of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) despite targeted vaccination efforts. Preliminary evidence reported a differential impact of anti-ser3-pneumococcal-conjugate-vaccines (PCVser3) on different clinical presentations of ser3-IPD. Recently, a temporal association between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and IPD was observed in children, supporting a role of RSV in driving IPD dynamics. Ser3 IPD cases occurred in Tuscany from November 2005 to March 2024 were included. Comparisons of different clinical presentations (bacteremic pneumonias and osteomyelitis versus sepsis and meningitis) were made between younger and older patients and between vaccinated and unvaccinated ones. The temporal correlation between ser3 IPD, RSV and influenza was qualitatively described from 2015/2016 to 2023/2024. Among 160 ser3 IPD recorded cases, fully-immunized patients showed a significantly lower proportion of sepsis and meningitis compared to non-immunized patients (all ages: 7.5% versus 58.5%, p < .0001; aged 14-years and younger: 0% versus 31.3%, p = .0019). Ser3 IPD showed a strong temporal association with influenza virus outbreak but not with isolated RSV outbreak. Nearly two decades of molecular surveillance of ser3 in Tuscany suggest that the most severe IPD presentations, such as sepsis and meningitis, are significantly lower in individuals who received PCVser3 immunization. Ser3 IPD incidence is temporally associated with influenza outbreaks but not with RSV.

We report and analyze a case of pilomatricoma in an adolescent after receiving recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (CHO cell) in Chaoyang District of Beijing and to evaluate the causality between the disease and vaccination. Based on the professional branch of this case, we organized a seminar and we invited specialists in vaccinology, epidemiology, dermatology, infectiology, and immunology to participate in the conference. Specialists evaluated the relevance and causality between the vaccination and disease. The clinical diagnosis of the adolescent was pilomatricoma after receiving recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (CHO cell) which could not be disregarded as an adverse reaction following immunization. Although rare, there is a possibility of developing pilomatricoma after vaccination. This suggests that the implementation process of vaccination should be standardized and that the injection site after vaccination should be nursed properly.