Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics最新文献

To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis vaccine hesitancy among Chinese university students and identify modifiable correlates to guide campus programs. We ran a multicampus cross-sectional survey (December 2023-February 2024) using a two-stage stratified cluster design across eastern, central, and western China. Hesitancy was measured with an 11 item hepatitis-adapted Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (α = 0.83). Multivariable logistic regression examined Health Belief Model constructs and convenience (travel/visit time). Among 2526 respondents, 51.8% met the prespecified hesitancy threshold. Seniors were more hesitant than juniors (aOR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.25-1.91); students in the central region exceeded those in the east (1.30, 1.07-1.59). Off-campus residence (0.58, 0.41-0.83) and non-medical majors (0.68, 0.54-0.85) had lower odds. Higher perceived risk was also associated with lower hesitancy (0.66, 0.55-0.78). Ordering takeout showed a dose - response (e.g. 3-4/week vs never: 2.52, 1.67-3.82), whereas sharing tableware/drinkware was inversely associated (e.g., 3-4/week vs never: 0.38, 0.23-0.63). Time costs mattered: travel time >30 minutes was linked to higher hesitancy (1.43, 1.06-1.94), and unclear visit duration was also associated (1.40, 1.02-1.93). Hepatitis vaccine hesitancy is common among university students. Two modifiable levers - risk perception and service convenience - support highyield campus strategies.

In addition to the inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV), the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) has recently been recommended in some countries. We aimed to compare the protective impact of the IIV and LAIV against medically attended influenza infection. This retrospective study included participants aged 2-17 y who underwent influenza testing. The LAIV and IIV groups consisted of participants who received the respective vaccines between 6 months and 14 d before influenza testing. Propensity score matching was conducted to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) for medically attended influenza infection. Overall, 693 and 29,548; 523 and 26,395; and 510 and 24,471 participants in the LAIV and IIV groups were identified for the 2024-2025, 2023-2024, and 2022-2023 seasons, respectively. The ORs for medically attended influenza infection after receiving the LAIV versus the IIV were 0.97 ([95% confidence interval 0.78-1.22]; p = .818), 1.58 ([1.17-2.13]; p = .003), 1.09 ([0.80-1.47]; p = .590) for the 2024-2025, 2023-2024, and 2022-2023 seasons, respectively. The comparative impact of the LAIV and IIV on the prevention of influenza infection among children aged 2-17 y varied according to the epidemic season. Continuous monitoring of the vaccine effectiveness is critical.

Accurate profiling of antigen-specific T cells by measuring T cell activation markers and cytokine production has been limited by inconsistent marker usage across studies and substantial methodological variability. To overcome these challenges, we established a unified mass cytometry (CyTOF) platform that integrates optimized activation-induced marker (AIM) panels, intracellular cytokine staining (ICS), and a cadmium-based barcoding system for high-throughput, multiplexed analysis of T cell responses. We optimized stimulation conditions (18-24 h) and validated highly sensitive dual AIM combinations, including CD25⁺CD134⁺ and CD25⁺CD69⁺ in CD4⁺ T cells, as well as CD25⁺CD137⁺ and CD25⁺CD69⁺ in CD8⁺ T cells. These combinations were stable under protein transport inhibition and closely paralleled cytokine-producing populations. In addition, we developed a cadmium-tagged β2 M/CD298 barcoding strategy that supports 21-plex sample processing without signal distortion. Validation in two independent cohorts confirmed the platform's high sensitivity, reproducibility, and its ability to simultaneously detect AIM⁺ T cells and cytokine-producing subsets. Together, this integrated workflow provides a robust and scalable framework for comprehensive immune monitoring in vaccine development and infectious disease research.

Parental vaccine hesitancy (VH) remains a significant public health challenge in France, despite mandatory childhood vaccination policies. Motivational interviewing (MI) has shown promise in reducing VH and increasing vaccination intentions. This study aimed to evaluate the sustained impact of an MI-based intervention on VH and vaccination intentions among postpartum mothers in Southeastern France. We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in two maternity wards in Southeastern France between November 2021 and April 2022. A total of 733 mothers were randomly assigned to receive either a MI session delivered by trained midwives or an educational leaflet. We used the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines questionnaire to assess VH (0-100 score) and a single question to measure vaccination intentions (1-10 score). Data on VH and vaccination intentions were collected pre-intervention (T0), immediately post-intervention (T1), and seven months later on average (T2). Linear regression models adjusted on potential confounders and Heckman's two-step selection method were used to analyze the data. Seven months post-intervention, we observed a reduction in VH scores (10.1/100 points, p < .0001) and an increase in vaccination intention scores (0.8/10 points, p = .01) compared to the control group. The impact of MI was consistent across different perceived financial situations. Our findings demonstrate that MI has a sustained effect in reducing VH and increasing vaccination intentions among postpartum mothers. MI should be considered as a key strategy to strengthen and sustain vaccine confidence. Further research is needed to test the impact of MI interventions among other under-vaccinated populations, such as pregnant women.

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about a unique and rapid period of global vaccine innovation. It revealed structural challenges not only in global vaccine affordability and distribution but in the liability and indemnity structures that can both impede access and affect fair outcomes for the small number of people who suffer severe side effects. This review examines vaccine injury and compensation mechanisms, including no-fault compensation schemes, aimed at addressing both the liability and indemnity concerns of developers and the compensation due those suffering severe side effects. The ultimate aim of the review is to provide a classification of systems for those countries that are considering adopting NFCS as part of their broader public health readiness and preparedness strategies.

While sociodemographic differences in the population awareness of the link between HPV and HPV-associated cancers have been observed in the US, it is unclear how cancer type and gender contribute to these differences. We examined variations in US adults' awareness of the link between HPV and HPV-related cancers over time according to gender. We used data from the 2014-2020 Health Information National Trends Survey. Exposure was gender (men versus women), and outcomes were self-reported awareness of the causal link between HPV and cancers (cervical, anal, penile and oral cancer). A total of 10,933 participants were included in this study. Awareness of the link between HPV and cervical cancer was high (77.6% in 2014) but decreased by 7.4% between 2014 and 2020. In contrast, awareness of the link between HPV and anal, oral, and penile cancers was low (around 30% for each cancer type) and remained stable between 2014 and 2020. From 2014 to 2020, gender difference gradually widened for cervical cancer (with higher awareness among women versus men) while it gradually faded for anal cancer (with higher awareness among men versus women). For oral and penile cancers, the gender difference that was observed in 2014 (with higher awareness among men versus women) gradually narrowed and then reversed (with higher awareness among women versus men). These findings emphasize the importance of implementing novel and targeted interventions to enhance public knowledge of the HPV-cancer link, particularly for HPV-associated non-cervical cancers. Public health initiatives should focus on developing gender- and cancer type-specific educational campaigns aimed at mitigating misinformation around HPV and HPV-related cancers.

The GEMSTONE-303 trial demonstrated the significant efficacy and safety of sugemalimab plus chemotherapy (S + C) as first-line treatment for patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) or gastroesophageal junction cancer (GEJC). To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of S + C for advanced GC/GEJC from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system. A partitioned survival model with a 3-week cycle was created to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of S + C compared to placebo plus chemotherapy (P + C) as the first-line treatment for advanced GC/GEJC. Total costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) as the primary outputs. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the uncertainty and stability of model parameters. Additionally, subgroup and scenario analyses were conducted. The base-case analysis revealed that the total costs of S + C ($89,510.52) was $49,907.43 higher than that P + C ($39,603.10). However, it also increased the QALYs by 0.29 (1.27 QALYs vs. 0.98 QALYs), with an ICER of $170,440.21/QALY, which was higher than the willingness-to-pay of $40,334.05/QALY. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the cost of sugemalimab, utility of progression-free survival and the discount rate had a greater impact on the model. Subgroup analyses indicated that S + C was more cost-effective in patients with advanced GC/GEJC with programmed cell death ligand 1 combined positive score ≥10. Compared to P + C, S + C is currently not an economically viable option for first-line treatment of advanced GC/GEJC in China.

Despite the proven effectiveness of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, vaccination intention and uptake remain low among Asian American and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs). Evidence was synthesized from descriptive and correlational studies that examined HPV vaccination intention and/or uptake among AAPIs in the United States. PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane databases were searched. Risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Forty-two studies published between 2010 and 2024 were included across Vietnamese, Korean, Cambodian, Chinese, Hmong, and Asian Indians. Over half of the studies assessed vaccination intention, with reported prevalence between 5%-100%. Approximately one-third of studies reported vaccination uptake between 5%-50%. Meta-analyses showed low HPV vaccine awareness, acceptance, intention, initiation and completion, with completion only 21%. Compared with non-AAPIs, AAPIs were significantly less likely to initiate or complete vaccination. These results underscore persistent disparities and the need for culturally tailored strategies to improve HPV vaccination among AAPIs.

Although the global burden of pertussis has declined steadily over recent decades, the COVID-19 pandemic coincided with a marked disruption of its established epidemic trajectory. We assessed pandemic-associated changes using spatiotemporal trend analysis, health inequality assessment, multivariable regression, and Mendelian randomization. Globally, the age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate decreased from 378.01 per 100,000 in 1990 to 70.92 in 2021, accelerating steeply after 2019. Despite reductions, burden remained concentrated in low-sociodemographic index (SDI) countries, with widening relative inequalities. Macro-scale multivariable regression stratified by SDI revealed no robust independent association between COVID-19 and pertussis incidence after adjusting for population density. Consistently, Mendelian randomization analyses found no evidence of a causal effect of genetic liability to COVID-19 on pertussis risk. These findings suggest the pandemic-era decline is driven by disruptions to transmission and health services rather than biological cross-protection. We interpret this transient suppression as contributing to an emerging immunity gap - an accumulation of susceptible individuals following reduced natural exposure and interruptions to routine immunization. As social contact patterns normalize, this immunity gap increases the risk of rebound transmission. Strengthening life-course vaccination, including catch-up programmes and prioritization of low-SDI settings, is essential to mitigate post-pandemic resurgence.