ANGLISTICUM Journal of the Association-Institute for English Language and American Studies最新文献

Keywords: literature, image, translation, influence, tradition, creativity, poetry, ghazal, skill.

This lesson plan is a way of guidance for teachers who may find it difficult to start. For teachers, there should be a guide of the main points that should be considered besides pedagogical knowledge of the material in question. As a teacher, one should have an idea of what is going to take place: objectives, a suitable text, and an appropriate environment to succeed. A teacher should prepare the right material for his/her class in advance for there are a lot of challenges that face individuals in charge including the method to be adopted, the level of students involved, and their numbers. In this short essay, those points will be addressed, taking into consideration that what is presented here is a sample that might be remodeled according to the case a teacher finds him/herself in. In addition, this topic might attract the attention of researchers who are interested in teaching and learning to pursue this type of research.

Keywords: plan, objective, text, lesson, teacher.

Globally, age-related macular degeneration, or AMD, is the primary cause of irreversible vision loss. It has 2 late-stage manifestations, which may coexist: a nonneo-vascular form known as geographic atrophy and a neovascular form characterized by the presence of macular neovascularization, previously known as choroidal neovascularization. Risk factors for AMD may be nonmodifiable (eg, age) or modifiable (eg, cigarette smoking and low micronutrient intake). According to multiple genome-wide association studies, genetic factors account for at least 55% of total AMD risk, and the pathway most consistently implicated in AMD is the complement cascade. For exudative AMD, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents are the cornerstone of care and are typically administered using 1 of 3 broad approaches: fixed-interval dosing, as-needed dosing, or treat-and-extend dosing. In addition to AMD, multiple retinal pathologies may lead to choroidal neovascularization; these distinct exudative diseases are also frequently managed with antivascular endothelial growth factor drugs. Case report: We describe three months of treatment with three intavitrealaflibercept (EYLEA) in two cases of ARMD with macular edema. Following each injection, the visual acuity (VA) increased in both of the cases. The purpose of this article is to review how anti-VEGF medications affect macular edema and help ARMD patients see better.

Keywords: ARMD; macular edema, coroidalneovascularisation, visual acuity, anti-VEGF treatment.

Retinal detachment is a risk to one's vision that occurs about 1 in 10,000 times. Prior to the 1920s, this disease was completely blinding. Restoration of retinal detachments has been much simpler over the past 50 years thanks to procedures like scleral buckling, pneumatic retinopexy, and vitrectomy. Rhegmatogenous, tractional, and exudative retinal detachments are the three types. When subretinal fluid accumulates between the retinal pigment epithelium and the neurosensory retina, retinal detachment occurs. During this phase, three things might occur. Breaking the retina is one way to let vitreous directly enter the subretinal region. This retinal detachment is rhegmatogenous. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments are frequently brought on by trauma- or posterior vitreous-separated-induced retinal tears. The growth of membranes on the vitreous or retinal surface is a second mechanism.These membranes have the capacity to physically divide the retinal pigment epithelium from the neurosensory retina. A tractional retinal detachment is what this is. Proliferative retinopathy caused by sickle cell anemia, diabetes, or other conditions that neovascularize the retina can cause tractional retinal detachment. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy following trauma or surgery may also contribute to tractional retinal detachments. Fluid exuding from a mass lesion or an accumulation of subretinal fluid caused by inflammatory mediators are the third causes of retinal detachment. Serous or exudative retinal detachment is the term used to describe this mechanism. Sarcoidosis and choroidal neoplasms are two examples of inflammatory or exudative retinal disease processes that can cause serous detachments. Patients with aggressively spreading cancers, such as testicular cancer, may also have serous retinal detachments. A case study of a retinal detachment without a profilactive argon laser and a known peripheral retinal break is presented. The patient arrived at our clinic with symptoms of retinal detachment that had been present for two to three weeks, as well as peripheral retinal breaks that had been photographed eight months prior.

Keywords: Retinal detachment; peripheral retinal breaks; rhegmatogenous; tractional; exudative; profilactive argon laser.

The study sheds light on serious crimes of genocide level that the military, paramilitary armed forces and police of the FRY and Serbia have committed in Kosovo, with special emphasis the village of Izbicë in the municipality of Skenderaj. Archival documents, scientific literature as well as interviews in the field, which I have analyzed, treated and carried out during the scientific researches, have clearly proven that the scale of crimes against the civilian population increased in 1999, specifically from the month of March, when the OSCE observers began to withdraw from the field. Released from the pressure of international observers, numerous Serbian military, police and paramilitary forces began actions against the Albanian civilian population throughout Kosova, but the greatest intensity was in Drenica where all age groups and both sexes were not spared, showing strong evidence that Serbia as a state has committed crimes against the civilian population, respectively against children, women and the elderly, such was the massacre in the village of Izbicë where Serbian forces killed, executed, massacred in in a few days 147 Albanian civilians.

Keywords: Drenica, Izbica, Albanian civilians, Serbian military, police and paramilitary forces.

The design of lessons for the Business German subject necessitates adherence to specific didactic parameters to ensure the effectiveness of the learning process. This article elucidates critical factors to contemplate when strategizing and conducting Business German classes. Commencing with a comprehensive needs analysis is pivotal when imparting the technical language of Business German. It is imperative to discern the precise requirements of learners while taking into account their objectives, interests, and professional backgrounds. Subsequently, teaching content and learning objectives can be meticulously outlined. The utilization of is paramount, offering learners insights into the real-world business environment and illustrating the application of technical language within a professional context. Additionally, it is imperative to incorporate intercultural aspects, as Business German is frequently employed within an international framework. Given the ever-evolving nature of the economy, it is vital to ensure that Business German classes remain current. Inclusion of contemporary examples, case studies, and information regarding economic developments is essential to enrich the lessons. This approach provides learners with insights into ongoing trends and challenges in the business world. Consequently, learners can gain a deeper understanding of how terminology is applied in real economic contexts and prepare themselves for the dynamic nature of the business landscape. Through consistent updates to teaching content, learners can also cultivate the skills needed to analyze and critically assess information from diverse sources, thereby continually expanding their proficiency in Business German.

Keywords: Business German, authentic materials, technical Language Business Language, Terminology, Didactics, intercultural communication.

Economic, social and political conditions forced Albanians throughout the centuries to move abroad in search of a better life. Depending on time and circumstances Albanians migrated to Italy, Egypt, Turkey, Romania, etc., where they formed their communities. At the beginning of the twentieth century, a new opportunity opened to Albanians - migration to the distant continent of America, previously unknown to Albanians. Many Albanians moved and settled in the USA. Initially, they faced numerous challenges, but later adapted to their new life. In order to preserve their culture and identity, they established an Albanian community in order to maintain their ties to their homeland. The article “The migration of Albanians to the United States of America - challenges and achievements during the first two decades of the twentieth century”, aims to elaborate on the circumstances that led to the migration of Albanians, the organization of the Albanian community in the US, challenges and achievements in the field of education and culture, as well as political activity in favor of the national issue during the first two decades of the twentieth century.

Keywords: Migration, United States, Albanians, Vatra, Fan Noli, Boston, etc.

Technology surrounds us everywhere, every moment. It seems almost impossible to imagine our life without technology. It is pervasive and persuasive. As new technologies emerge, creative people in every industry can imagine new applications. In the education field, teachers embrace these innovations in the classroom and online. Many of these new resources are changing the traditional understanding of education. In this paper we'll talk about the use of technology, digital media and digital disruption and the opportunities they can offer to everyone and every organization. We’ll focus on three phases: 1) In the past – Personal experiences as a Fulbright Visiting Scholar on ‘Teaching through Media’, 2002; 2) Present – On the implementation of the project, on ‘Impact of Teaching English in Limited Access to Technology Environment’, 2020, with the financial support of the US Embassy in Tirana; 3) 2020 onwards: challenges of using new technologies in the classroom for the future. The paper will also try to answer the following research questions: What is digital media? What is digital disruption and its importance in language learning? How does it help to improve skills in teaching through technology? How does the use of technology influence the English language learning? What are some of the challenges that teachers face while teaching in a low tech class? How does digital disruption help hybrid communication skills? On-line learning vs. face-to-face learning, etc. When available both students and teachers embrace the use of technology as a tool to make teaching and learning English fun and inclusive. Finally, the researcher will try to offer some challenges and solutions about the use of some practical disruptive education technologies.

Keywords: Digital disruption, on-line learning, challenge, new technology in education.

Relying on a variety of primary and secondary sources, this research shows the sustainability of these practices in the face of social, political and legal changes throughout the history of Albania.

Keywords: Albanian canon, blood feud, the periods of Canon.

The paper will present the basic structure of writing a scientific paper, so-called IMRAD methodology (Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgments, References). The process and direction of writing a scientific paper will be shown with reference to the most important rules in writing a paper, all with the aim of ranking the paper itself. Five basic rules for increasing the visibility of the work itself and basic SEO optimization will be shown through practical examples of presentations with reference to the importance of the abstract itself and keywords. The importance of social networks and ways of promoting the work itself will also be clearly shown.

Keywords: IMRAD methodology, scientific article, SEO, abstract, keywords.