Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20230069
K. Shibata
This study reconsiders Francis Bacon’s ideas on spirits, death, and the prolongation of life through a chronological examination of his works. His conception of death has often been considered unique because it presupposed a common material basis for the dissolution of inanimate things and the death of human beings. However, his focus on this commonality seems to have faded gradually – though not completely – as his works progressed, from De viis mortis to his later works, including Historia vitae et mortis. He became increasingly conscious of the difference between the inanimate and the animate. While De viis mortis insisted on the role of inanimate spirits in aging and death, Historia vitae et mortis tended to consider vital spirits as the chief cause of human death. My suggestion in this article is that as Bacon’s ideas developed, they came closer to traditional conceptions of aging and death.
{"title":"Spirits and the Prolongation of Life in Francis Bacon: Commonality and Difference between the Inanimate and the Animate","authors":"K. Shibata","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20230069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20230069","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study reconsiders Francis Bacon’s ideas on spirits, death, and the prolongation of life through a chronological examination of his works. His conception of death has often been considered unique because it presupposed a common material basis for the dissolution of inanimate things and the death of human beings. However, his focus on this commonality seems to have faded gradually – though not completely – as his works progressed, from De viis mortis to his later works, including Historia vitae et mortis. He became increasingly conscious of the difference between the inanimate and the animate. While De viis mortis insisted on the role of inanimate spirits in aging and death, Historia vitae et mortis tended to consider vital spirits as the chief cause of human death. My suggestion in this article is that as Bacon’s ideas developed, they came closer to traditional conceptions of aging and death.","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48733037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20230074
Maria Fiammetta Iovine
In the poem La Luce, composed in 1685 and dedicated to Christina of Sweden, Giovanni Michele Milani propounds a mechanical and vitalist (meta-)physics of light that complies with Christian tenets by adopting a peculiar version of Democritean atomism. His lecture for the Roman Simposiaci Academy indicates the extent of Milani’s dissatisfaction with Aristotelian philosophy. While he attended the Physico-mathematical Academy and the heterodox Congresso medico romano, he nevertheless, signed La Luce – published posthumously in 1698 with a preface by Francesco Redi – as “Accademico Umorista.” When we examine La Luce together with some excerpts of the unpublished work of Milani’s friend and fellow member of this literary institution – the Dialoghi eruditi by Giuseppe Giusto Guaccimanni – we are presented with an interesting cultural scenario. It would seem that some Umoristi might have joined the Queen in the effort to devise a Christian experimental philosophy which was open to alchemy. The posthumous publication of the poem may well have been triggered by the rivalry between the Umoristi and the Academy of the Arcadia.
{"title":"La Luce (1698) by Giovanni Michele Milani – A Final Attempt at Reconciling Atomism and Religion in Seventeenth-Century Rome?","authors":"Maria Fiammetta Iovine","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20230074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20230074","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In the poem La Luce, composed in 1685 and dedicated to Christina of Sweden, Giovanni Michele Milani propounds a mechanical and vitalist (meta-)physics of light that complies with Christian tenets by adopting a peculiar version of Democritean atomism. His lecture for the Roman Simposiaci Academy indicates the extent of Milani’s dissatisfaction with Aristotelian philosophy. While he attended the Physico-mathematical Academy and the heterodox Congresso medico romano, he nevertheless, signed La Luce – published posthumously in 1698 with a preface by Francesco Redi – as “Accademico Umorista.” When we examine La Luce together with some excerpts of the unpublished work of Milani’s friend and fellow member of this literary institution – the Dialoghi eruditi by Giuseppe Giusto Guaccimanni – we are presented with an interesting cultural scenario. It would seem that some Umoristi might have joined the Queen in the effort to devise a Christian experimental philosophy which was open to alchemy. The posthumous publication of the poem may well have been triggered by the rivalry between the Umoristi and the Academy of the Arcadia.","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41833835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20230070
H. J. Cook
{"title":"Learned Physicians and Everyday Medical Practice in the Renaissance, written by Michael Stolberg","authors":"H. J. Cook","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20230070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20230070","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64507579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20230068
Karel Černý
In 1693, professor Jan František Löw von Erlsfeld published a reading list for the students of medicine at Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague. The list records over 350 authorities from Aristotle to Johann Zwelfer and offers a unique insight into the structure of medicine and knowledge-sharing. It also points towards the fact that the Prague faculty was developing intellectual connections with other schools within the Habsburg domain. This paper will provide an analysis of the list, discuss the context in which it was created, and compare it with contemporary examples of the same genre from Copenhagen and Leiden. Additionally, it will explain how Prague university drew inspiration, first from Vienna and later from Innsbruck, to inform and modernize its medical curriculum during the Baroque period.
1693年，Jan František Löw von Erlsfeld教授为布拉格Charles-Ferdinand大学的医学学生出版了一份阅读清单。该列表记录了从亚里士多德到约翰·茨韦尔弗的350多位权威人士，并提供了对医学结构和知识共享的独特见解。它还指出，布拉格学院正在与哈布斯堡王朝的其他学校建立智力联系。本文将对该清单进行分析，讨论其创建的背景，并将其与哥本哈根和莱顿的当代同类型例子进行比较。此外，它还将解释布拉格大学如何从维也纳和因斯布鲁克获得灵感，在巴洛克时期为其医学课程提供信息和现代化。
{"title":"Sharing the Knowledge at Habsburg Medical Faculties in the Baroque Era: The Case of Jan František Löw’s Reading List for Medical Students in Prague (1693)","authors":"Karel Černý","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20230068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20230068","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In 1693, professor Jan František Löw von Erlsfeld published a reading list for the students of medicine at Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague. The list records over 350 authorities from Aristotle to Johann Zwelfer and offers a unique insight into the structure of medicine and knowledge-sharing. It also points towards the fact that the Prague faculty was developing intellectual connections with other schools within the Habsburg domain. This paper will provide an analysis of the list, discuss the context in which it was created, and compare it with contemporary examples of the same genre from Copenhagen and Leiden. Additionally, it will explain how Prague university drew inspiration, first from Vienna and later from Innsbruck, to inform and modernize its medical curriculum during the Baroque period.","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46502066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20230063
Marilyn Nicoud
Abstract This article examines the ways in which, in the last centuries of the Middle Ages, the emergence of a literature aimed at preserving health by means of dietary rules or advice establishes a connection between the physician’s authority in matters of health and the capacity of patients and readers to take care of themselves when they are in good health. Born at the same time of social demand and medical necessity (the latter due to the dangers and uncertainties of therapeutic practice), these regimina sanitatis disseminate to a literate public the principles of good hygiene. Some regimina are even adapted to the singularity of a given individual. But the agency of readers, characterized by their capacity for choice and deliberation, also clashes with the claim that a medical authority is necessary for the governance of health.
{"title":"Governing Health: The Doctor’s Authority, the Patient’s Agency, and the Reading of Regimina sanitatis Literature","authors":"Marilyn Nicoud","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20230063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20230063","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines the ways in which, in the last centuries of the Middle Ages, the emergence of a literature aimed at preserving health by means of dietary rules or advice establishes a connection between the physician’s authority in matters of health and the capacity of patients and readers to take care of themselves when they are in good health. Born at the same time of social demand and medical necessity (the latter due to the dangers and uncertainties of therapeutic practice), these regimina sanitatis disseminate to a literate public the principles of good hygiene. Some regimina are even adapted to the singularity of a given individual. But the agency of readers, characterized by their capacity for choice and deliberation, also clashes with the claim that a medical authority is necessary for the governance of health.","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136041480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20230062
Steven Vanden Broecke, J. Regier
{"title":"Special Issue Introduction: Individuality, Self-Care, and Self-Preservation in Late Medieval and Early Modern Science","authors":"Steven Vanden Broecke, J. Regier","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20230062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20230062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48580222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20230066
J. Regier
Girolamo Cardano (1501–1576), a preeminent natural philosopher, physician and astrologer of the sixteenth century, is known for the great diversity of his intellectual pursuits and writings. Across much of his work, we find an overriding concern with the dangers of human life, how those dangers might be foreseen, and how their effects can be mitigated. This essay begins by considering the epistemic significance of anxiety as it is described in his autobiography, the De propria vita. When Cardano had devoted so much effort to working out method and sense in medicine and astrology, why do episodes of foreknowledge in the autobiography seem so haphazard and disorienting? I use this question to examine Cardano’s views on the possibilities and limits of human foreknowledge, paying special attention to his treatise on dreams, the Somniorum Synesiorum libri quatuor, and his commentary on Ptolemy’s Tetrabiblos.
吉罗拉莫·卡尔达诺(1501-1576)是16世纪杰出的自然哲学家、医生和占星家，以其知识追求和著作的多样性而闻名。在他的大部分作品中，我们发现了对人类生命危险的压倒一切的关注，如何预见这些危险，以及如何减轻它们的影响。这篇文章首先考虑焦虑的认识论意义，因为它是在他的自传中描述的，De propria vita。当卡尔达诺在医学和占星术中投入了如此多的精力来研究方法和意义时，为什么自传中预言的情节看起来如此偶然和迷失方向?我用这个问题来研究卡尔达诺关于人类预知的可能性和局限性的观点，特别关注他关于梦的论文，《梦与联觉》(Somniorum Synesiorum libri quatuor)，以及他对托勒密《四部曲》(Tetrabiblos)的评论。
{"title":"Shadows of the Thrown Spear: Girolamo Cardano on Anxiety, Dreams, and the Divine in Nature","authors":"J. Regier","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20230066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20230066","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Girolamo Cardano (1501–1576), a preeminent natural philosopher, physician and astrologer of the sixteenth century, is known for the great diversity of his intellectual pursuits and writings. Across much of his work, we find an overriding concern with the dangers of human life, how those dangers might be foreseen, and how their effects can be mitigated. This essay begins by considering the epistemic significance of anxiety as it is described in his autobiography, the De propria vita. When Cardano had devoted so much effort to working out method and sense in medicine and astrology, why do episodes of foreknowledge in the autobiography seem so haphazard and disorienting? I use this question to examine Cardano’s views on the possibilities and limits of human foreknowledge, paying special attention to his treatise on dreams, the Somniorum Synesiorum libri quatuor, and his commentary on Ptolemy’s Tetrabiblos.","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44027973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20230067
Silvia Manzo
In presenting self-preservation as the most general law of nature, set at the summit of the structure of the natural world, Francis Bacon characterized the universal appetite for self-preservation as an innate instinct which, in the case of living beings, is primarily associated with the emotion of fear. Bacon’s philosophy offers several techniques of self-care to manage the fear of accidents of fortune from which the existence and well-being of the self is under constant threat. This article reconstructs Bacon’s treatment of divinatory arts and their contributions to self-care. We will explore how he adopts traditional divinatory arts and reforms them: oneirocritics, physiognomy, and astrology. We will contend that Bacon’s approach to divinatory arts as techniques for self-care and the management of fortune shows some salient points shared with his natural philosophy: in both cases, the approach is hermeneutical, with the goal of exerting human power. With regard both to nature and to fortune, however, our power to modify the state of things extends only so far. The range of decisions we can make is not unlimited but encompasses only what is “in our power,” that is, what depends on us.
{"title":"Francis Bacon on Self-Care, Divination, and the Nature–Fortune Distinction","authors":"Silvia Manzo","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20230067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20230067","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In presenting self-preservation as the most general law of nature, set at the summit of the structure of the natural world, Francis Bacon characterized the universal appetite for self-preservation as an innate instinct which, in the case of living beings, is primarily associated with the emotion of fear. Bacon’s philosophy offers several techniques of self-care to manage the fear of accidents of fortune from which the existence and well-being of the self is under constant threat. This article reconstructs Bacon’s treatment of divinatory arts and their contributions to self-care. We will explore how he adopts traditional divinatory arts and reforms them: oneirocritics, physiognomy, and astrology. We will contend that Bacon’s approach to divinatory arts as techniques for self-care and the management of fortune shows some salient points shared with his natural philosophy: in both cases, the approach is hermeneutical, with the goal of exerting human power. With regard both to nature and to fortune, however, our power to modify the state of things extends only so far. The range of decisions we can make is not unlimited but encompasses only what is “in our power,” that is, what depends on us.","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49267454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1163/15733823-20230065
K. Vermeir
{"title":"Education and the Cultivation of the Early Modern Self: Cultura Animi as Self-Care in Juan Luis Vives","authors":"K. Vermeir","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20230065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20230065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44328325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：