Private collectors and museums have coveted the eggs and skins of the great auk ( Pinguinus impennis) both before and after the species became extinct in 1844. Because of their monetary and scientific value, the provenance of most great auk eggs and skins is well documented. In the 1930s and 1940s one wealthy collector, Vivian Vaughan Davies Hewitt (1888–1965) amassed no fewer than thirteen great auk eggs (of a total of about 75 known) and four mounted skins (of 78 known). After he died in 1965, the skins and five of the eggs were sold through the dealer Spink & Son Ltd, but the remaining eight eggs remained unsold until 1992 when they were purchased by Dr John Alan (“Jack”) Gibson (1926–2013) of Kilbarchan, Renfrewshire, Scotland. Gibson informed several individuals that he intended to donate the eggs to the National Museum of Scotland. This did not happen, however, and the fate of these eggs has, until now, been unclear and undocumented. We present some details of how Gibson acquired and later disposed of the eight great auk eggs, and, where known, their current whereabouts.
{"title":"The dispersal of Vivian Vaughan Davies Hewitt’s collection of great auk (Pinguinus impennis) eggs","authors":"T. Birkhead, Dave Clugston, E. Fuller","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0837","url":null,"abstract":"Private collectors and museums have coveted the eggs and skins of the great auk ( Pinguinus impennis) both before and after the species became extinct in 1844. Because of their monetary and scientific value, the provenance of most great auk eggs and skins is well documented. In the 1930s and 1940s one wealthy collector, Vivian Vaughan Davies Hewitt (1888–1965) amassed no fewer than thirteen great auk eggs (of a total of about 75 known) and four mounted skins (of 78 known). After he died in 1965, the skins and five of the eggs were sold through the dealer Spink & Son Ltd, but the remaining eight eggs remained unsold until 1992 when they were purchased by Dr John Alan (“Jack”) Gibson (1926–2013) of Kilbarchan, Renfrewshire, Scotland. Gibson informed several individuals that he intended to donate the eggs to the National Museum of Scotland. This did not happen, however, and the fate of these eggs has, until now, been unclear and undocumented. We present some details of how Gibson acquired and later disposed of the eight great auk eggs, and, where known, their current whereabouts.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41738882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A copy of the first volume of Mark Catesby’s Natural history of Carolina which came to light in the 1980s, now in the Joseph F. Cullman 3rd Library of Natural History at the Smithsonian Libraries and Archives, Washington, DC, has unique significance as an abandoned and previously unknown issue, a variant formatted quite differently from the standard copies of Catesby’s book. Numerous physical features, including calligraphic trials in pen and ink, copied outlines of parts of the etched images in graphite, pencil identifications and annotations, and evidence of burning consistent with other items in the Bartram collections, allow the identification of this copy of the Natural History with the one that Catesby mentions in his letters as having been given to his friend the Philadelphia botanist and collector, John Bartram. From these features it would appear that the copy was used by John’s son, William, as a copybook for teaching himself ornithological drawing and as a reference book for his own scientific study. The sensitive and transparent hand-colouring of the plates which allows the etched lines to remain legible strongly suggests that the copy was hand-coloured by Catesby himself. The presence of brush trials and paint daubs further suggests the possibility of the volume having been used as an exemplar or a set of pattern plates for Catesby’s colourers, while the possibility that William Bartram used it for matching colours while making his own natural history drawings must also be kept open. The authors aim to draw attention to several different explanations for the unusual features of this volume, while acknowledging that many questions remain unanswered.
马克·卡特斯比（Mark Catesby）的《卡罗莱纳州自然史》（Natural history of Carolina）第一卷于20世纪80年代曝光，现藏于华盛顿特区史密森尼图书馆和档案馆的约瑟夫·F·卡尔曼第三自然史图书馆（Joseph F.Cullman 3rd Library of Natural Historys at the Smithsonian Libraries and Archives，Washington，DC），作为一本被遗弃的、以前不为人知的书，具有独特的意义，这本书的格式与卡特斯比书的标准本。许多物理特征，包括钢笔和墨水的书法试验、石墨蚀刻图像部分的复制轮廓、铅笔识别和注释，以及与巴特拉姆收藏的其他物品一致的燃烧证据，允许将这本《自然史》与Catesby在信中提到的送给他的朋友、费城植物学家兼收藏家John Bartram的那本进行鉴定。从这些特征来看，这本书似乎是约翰的儿子威廉用来自学鸟类学绘画的临摹本，也是他自己科学研究的参考书。板上敏感透明的手绘使蚀刻的线条保持清晰，这强烈表明该复制品是Catesby本人手绘的。画笔试验和油漆涂抹的存在进一步表明，这本书有可能被用作Catesby配色师的样板或一套图案板，而William Bartram在绘制自己的自然历史绘画时使用它来匹配颜色的可能性也必须保持开放。作者的目的是提请人们注意对这本书不同寻常的特点的几种不同解释，同时承认许多问题仍未得到解答。
{"title":"A variant issue of Mark Catesby’s Natural history of Carolina (volume 1, issued 1729–1732) given to John Bartram","authors":"L. K. Overstreet, H. Mcburney, R. Gaskell","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0836","url":null,"abstract":"A copy of the first volume of Mark Catesby’s Natural history of Carolina which came to light in the 1980s, now in the Joseph F. Cullman 3rd Library of Natural History at the Smithsonian Libraries and Archives, Washington, DC, has unique significance as an abandoned and previously unknown issue, a variant formatted quite differently from the standard copies of Catesby’s book. Numerous physical features, including calligraphic trials in pen and ink, copied outlines of parts of the etched images in graphite, pencil identifications and annotations, and evidence of burning consistent with other items in the Bartram collections, allow the identification of this copy of the Natural History with the one that Catesby mentions in his letters as having been given to his friend the Philadelphia botanist and collector, John Bartram. From these features it would appear that the copy was used by John’s son, William, as a copybook for teaching himself ornithological drawing and as a reference book for his own scientific study. The sensitive and transparent hand-colouring of the plates which allows the etched lines to remain legible strongly suggests that the copy was hand-coloured by Catesby himself. The presence of brush trials and paint daubs further suggests the possibility of the volume having been used as an exemplar or a set of pattern plates for Catesby’s colourers, while the possibility that William Bartram used it for matching colours while making his own natural history drawings must also be kept open. The authors aim to draw attention to several different explanations for the unusual features of this volume, while acknowledging that many questions remain unanswered.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46392069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"McCRACKEN, Donal P. Napoleon's garden island. Lost and old gardens of St Helena, South Atlantic Ocean","authors":"A. Macgregor","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0842","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45292645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"William Turner on the dipper, the robin and the redstart (1544)","authors":"Mary Addyman","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0838","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42106272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luca Ghiraldi, Matteo Ruzzon, Marta Coloberti, Alessandro Di Meo
In the later decades of the nineteenth century, some Italian explorers carried out expeditions to the Indonesian archipelago and New Guinea, with the aims of concluding diplomatic agreements, strengthening commercial networks and obtaining territorial concessions. During these expeditions, collecting animal specimens and artefacts, later deposited in several museums, was fairly common, increasing the scientific renown of post-unitarian Italy. Giovanni Emilio Cerruti ( fl. 1860–1875) was a traveller, little known today, who visited those then remote lands. He was a merchant and a strong supporter of colonial policies. Through the mediation of government officials, he managed to obtain a commission from the Italian government to identify one or more places close to New Guinea where a penal colony could be established. Although the trip was commissioned exclusively for diplomatic purposes, Cerruti collected some interesting ornithological specimens, which were later donated to Italian natural history museums. We reconstruct Emilio Cerruti’s journey, using his letters to illuminate the most interesting details of its natural history. Fifty of Cerruti’s specimens, extant in the collections of the Museo di Scienze Naturali di Torino and Museo Calderini di Varallo Sesia, are recorded in an annotated catalogue.
在19世纪后期的几十年里，一些意大利探险家对印度尼西亚群岛和新几内亚进行了探险，目的是缔结外交协议，加强商业网络并获得领土特许权。在这些探险中，收集动物标本和手工艺品（后来存放在几家博物馆）相当普遍，这增加了后统一主义意大利的科学声誉。Giovanni Emilio Cerruti（1860–1875年）是一位如今鲜为人知的旅行家，他访问了当时偏远的土地。他是一名商人，也是殖民政策的坚定支持者。通过政府官员的调解，他设法从意大利政府获得了一个委员会，以确定一个或多个靠近新几内亚的地方，在那里可以建立一个流放地。尽管这次旅行完全是出于外交目的，但Cerruti收集了一些有趣的鸟类标本，这些标本后来被捐赠给了意大利自然历史博物馆。我们重建了埃米利奥·塞鲁蒂的旅程，用他的信件来阐明其自然历史中最有趣的细节。Cerruti的50件标本现存于都灵自然科学博物馆（Museo di Scienze Naturali di Torino）和瓦拉洛塞西亚卡尔德里尼博物馆（Museu Calderini di Varallo Sesia）的藏品中，并记录在一份注释目录中。
{"title":"Notes on the birds collected by Giovanni Emilio Cerruti during his journey to New Guinea (1869–1870)","authors":"Luca Ghiraldi, Matteo Ruzzon, Marta Coloberti, Alessandro Di Meo","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0834","url":null,"abstract":"In the later decades of the nineteenth century, some Italian explorers carried out expeditions to the Indonesian archipelago and New Guinea, with the aims of concluding diplomatic agreements, strengthening commercial networks and obtaining territorial concessions. During these expeditions, collecting animal specimens and artefacts, later deposited in several museums, was fairly common, increasing the scientific renown of post-unitarian Italy. Giovanni Emilio Cerruti ( fl. 1860–1875) was a traveller, little known today, who visited those then remote lands. He was a merchant and a strong supporter of colonial policies. Through the mediation of government officials, he managed to obtain a commission from the Italian government to identify one or more places close to New Guinea where a penal colony could be established. Although the trip was commissioned exclusively for diplomatic purposes, Cerruti collected some interesting ornithological specimens, which were later donated to Italian natural history museums. We reconstruct Emilio Cerruti’s journey, using his letters to illuminate the most interesting details of its natural history. Fifty of Cerruti’s specimens, extant in the collections of the Museo di Scienze Naturali di Torino and Museo Calderini di Varallo Sesia, are recorded in an annotated catalogue.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43893626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"KENNEDY, Victor S. Shifting baselines in the Chesapeake Bay: an environmental history","authors":"Michael L. Lewis","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0853","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41817712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ROTHFELS, Nigel. Elephant trails: a history of animals and cultures","authors":"Helen Cowie","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0844","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43060557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"WITTON, Mark P. and MICHEL, Ellinor. The art and science of the Crystal Palace dinosaurs","authors":"A. M. Lucas","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0849","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44420257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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