This study examines the contribution of Johann Friedrich Naumann (1780–1857) to knowledge of the biology of Pinguinus impennis (great auk; “der fluglose Alk/ the flightless auk”), written for his natural history of German birds, Naturgeschichte der Vögel Deutschlands (1820–1844) and published in the twelfth and final volume in 1844, the year in which the great auk is generally accepted to have become extinct. Naumann, a farmer in a rural area of central Germany, never saw a live great auk, yet by careful examination of the literature, correspondence and conversations with other ornithologists, together with the examination of at least nine skins and three eggs, he produced an extraordinarily accurate and perceptive account of the bird. In the winter of 1830–1831, Naumann obtained his own great auk specimen – a bird in summer plumage – through Johann Heinrich Frank, one of several natural history dealers responsible for importing great auk specimens from Iceland to Denmark and Germany in the 1830s. Naumann noted several differences between the great auk and the smaller but morphologically similar Alca torda (razorbill), and suggested that the two species represented separate genera. Despite the plethora of publications relating to the great auk following its extinction, it is remarkable that Naumann’s exceptional account should have been almost entirely overlooked.
本研究探讨了约翰-弗里德里希-瑙曼（Johann Friedrich Naumann，1780-1857 年）对 Pinguinus impennis（大杓鹬；"der fluglose Alk/ the flightless auk"）生物学知识的贡献，这些贡献写入了他的德国鸟类自然史《德国鸟类自然史》（Naturgeschichte der Vögel Deutschlands，1820-1844 年），并于 1844 年出版了第十二卷，也是最后一卷，人们普遍认为大杓鹬正是在这一年灭绝的。瑙曼是德国中部农村地区的一位农民，从未见过活的大杓鹬，但他通过仔细查阅文献、与其他鸟类学家通信和交谈，并检查了至少九张鸟皮和三枚鸟蛋，对这种鸟进行了极为准确和敏锐的描述。1830-1831 年冬，瑙曼通过约翰-海因里希-弗兰克（Johann Heinrich Frank）获得了自己的大鸥标本--一只夏季羽色的鸟，弗兰克是 19 世纪 30 年代负责从冰岛向丹麦和德国进口大鸥标本的几位自然历史学家之一。瑙曼注意到大嘴鸥与体型较小但形态相似的蛏子（Alca torda）之间的一些差异，并认为这两个物种代表不同的属。尽管在大嘴鸟灭绝后，有关大嘴鸟的出版物层出不穷，但令人惊讶的是，瑙曼的特殊描述几乎完全被忽视了。
{"title":"“Der fluglose Alk”: Johann Friedrich Naumann’s 1844 account of Pinguinus impennis (great auk)","authors":"K. Schulze‐Hagen, Tim R. Birkhead","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0863","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the contribution of Johann Friedrich Naumann (1780–1857) to knowledge of the biology of Pinguinus impennis (great auk; “der fluglose Alk/ the flightless auk”), written for his natural history of German birds, Naturgeschichte der Vögel Deutschlands (1820–1844) and published in the twelfth and final volume in 1844, the year in which the great auk is generally accepted to have become extinct. Naumann, a farmer in a rural area of central Germany, never saw a live great auk, yet by careful examination of the literature, correspondence and conversations with other ornithologists, together with the examination of at least nine skins and three eggs, he produced an extraordinarily accurate and perceptive account of the bird. In the winter of 1830–1831, Naumann obtained his own great auk specimen – a bird in summer plumage – through Johann Heinrich Frank, one of several natural history dealers responsible for importing great auk specimens from Iceland to Denmark and Germany in the 1830s. Naumann noted several differences between the great auk and the smaller but morphologically similar Alca torda (razorbill), and suggested that the two species represented separate genera. Despite the plethora of publications relating to the great auk following its extinction, it is remarkable that Naumann’s exceptional account should have been almost entirely overlooked.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139326741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Indexes for Archives of Natural History 50 (2023)","authors":"","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0888","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MOSTOWSKA, Agnieszka, ROSTAŃSKI, Adam and MIKUŁA, Anna (editors). Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne w setną rocznicę powstania (1922–2022) [Centenary of the Polish Botanical Society (1922–2022)]","authors":"A. Zemanek","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0884","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BASHFORD, Alison. An intimate history of evolution: the story of the Huxley family","authors":"Jim Endersby","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0875","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139330714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"COWIE, Helen L. Victims of fashion: animal commodities in Victorian Britain","authors":"P. Syperek","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0878","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139327352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Through European colonization, First Nations peoples were subjected to systematic and violent actions to dispossess them of their land and sovereignty. In Tasmania, this involved government-sponsored bounties as well as militaristic and diplomatic efforts to remove Indigenous peoples from the landscape. At the same time, and using similar rhetoric, thylacines ( Thylacinus cynocephalus (Harris, 1808)) suffered similarly from settler colonists. Thylacines (also known as Tasmanian tigers or Tasmanian wolves) were the largest marsupial carnivores of modern times, but became extinct in the twentieth century. There are several parallels between the treatment and representation of thylacines and Indigenous Tasmanian people, and how their remains were traded. This allows for analysis of how the environmental and human costs of the colonial project were enmeshed with practices of natural history. A central figure in the export of both thylacines and Indigenous remains from Tasmania was Morton Allport (1830–1878). This paper shows that Allport actively built his scientific reputation by exchanging specimens for honours. It asks whether this was a widespread model for other colonial figures who may have used specimen-based philanthropy to develop a form of soft power through associations with respected institutions such as learned societies, universities and museums. Figures like Allport played the role of a type of colonial settler-intermediary, valued for providing privileged access to specimens to the metropole. Allport also worked to augment scientific work in Tasmania and the economic reputation of the colony, demonstrating that the development of social networks and scientific reputations of colonial figures were entwined with the status and success of the colonies themselves.
{"title":"How collections and reputation were built out of Tasmanian violence: thylacines (Thylacinus cynocephalus) and Aboriginal remains from Morton Allport (1830–1878)","authors":"Jack Ashby","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0859","url":null,"abstract":"Through European colonization, First Nations peoples were subjected to systematic and violent actions to dispossess them of their land and sovereignty. In Tasmania, this involved government-sponsored bounties as well as militaristic and diplomatic efforts to remove Indigenous peoples from the landscape. At the same time, and using similar rhetoric, thylacines ( Thylacinus cynocephalus (Harris, 1808)) suffered similarly from settler colonists. Thylacines (also known as Tasmanian tigers or Tasmanian wolves) were the largest marsupial carnivores of modern times, but became extinct in the twentieth century. There are several parallels between the treatment and representation of thylacines and Indigenous Tasmanian people, and how their remains were traded. This allows for analysis of how the environmental and human costs of the colonial project were enmeshed with practices of natural history. A central figure in the export of both thylacines and Indigenous remains from Tasmania was Morton Allport (1830–1878). This paper shows that Allport actively built his scientific reputation by exchanging specimens for honours. It asks whether this was a widespread model for other colonial figures who may have used specimen-based philanthropy to develop a form of soft power through associations with respected institutions such as learned societies, universities and museums. Figures like Allport played the role of a type of colonial settler-intermediary, valued for providing privileged access to specimens to the metropole. Allport also worked to augment scientific work in Tasmania and the economic reputation of the colony, demonstrating that the development of social networks and scientific reputations of colonial figures were entwined with the status and success of the colonies themselves.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":"300 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139328455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The completion of The correspondence of Charles Darwin (1985–2023)","authors":"Janet Browne","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0872","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":"184 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139330467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SCHWARTZ, Joel. Robert Brown and Mungo Park: travels and explorations in natural history for the Royal Society","authors":"Charles W. J. Withers","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0887","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139330612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ROBERTS, Brynley F. Edward Lhwyd c.1660–1709, naturalist, antiquary, philologist","authors":"Anna Marie Roos","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0886","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139330684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eye-witness accounts of a living “panther”, a leopard, two tigers and a hyena, appended to “Idea institutionum Trichozoologiae”, an unpublished manuscript on mammal classification by Swedish naturalist Peter Artedi (1705–1735), made during a visit to London sometime between early November 1734 and June 1735, are described. Interest is focused on his account of the hyena, which appears to have been the only modern source for Carl Linnaeus, who acknowledged Artedi in the first edition of Systema naturae. Evidence is provided to show that Artedi's account was accurate and original, having never had the opportunity to witness the animal previously.
{"title":"Peter Artedi's early observations of the spotted hyena and other exotic animals during a visit to London (1734–1735)","authors":"Theodore W. Pietsch, Hans Aili","doi":"10.3366/anh.2023.0869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2023.0869","url":null,"abstract":"Eye-witness accounts of a living “panther”, a leopard, two tigers and a hyena, appended to “Idea institutionum Trichozoologiae”, an unpublished manuscript on mammal classification by Swedish naturalist Peter Artedi (1705–1735), made during a visit to London sometime between early November 1734 and June 1735, are described. Interest is focused on his account of the hyena, which appears to have been the only modern source for Carl Linnaeus, who acknowledged Artedi in the first edition of Systema naturae. Evidence is provided to show that Artedi's account was accurate and original, having never had the opportunity to witness the animal previously.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139331504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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