Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117786
Mariana Campos Lichtsztejn , Anna Molas Closas , Joan Pujol-Tarrés
The biomedical model of attention focuses on preventive risk assessment to mitigate the apparition of future diseases. In the event of a pregnancy classified “at risk” of preeclampsia, screening undertaken in first-term ultrasound controls determines which patients receive preventive treatment. This article examines women's narratives on the communication dynamics with health professionals by drawing on an eight-month ethnographic fieldwork, between 2022 and 2023, in a Barcelona hospital's obstetrics department and 24 semi-structured interviews with women in the postpartum period. The participants of this study had been classified at high risk of developing preeclampsia, which is determined through a screening undertaken during the first trimester of pregnancy, or had a diagnosis of preeclampsia. The results suggest that risk classification significantly impacts the decision-making process and the technical parameters. As we contend, participants experienced difficulties receiving quality information and communicating with professionals, making shared decision-making challenging. As we conclude, doctor-patient dialogue and shared decisions are increasingly replaced by institutional protocols where patients feel their knowledge and experiences have little room.
{"title":"Risk and decision-making: Communication between health professionals and pregnant women at risk of preeclampsia in Catalonia","authors":"Mariana Campos Lichtsztejn , Anna Molas Closas , Joan Pujol-Tarrés","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The biomedical model of attention focuses on preventive risk assessment to mitigate the apparition of future diseases. In the event of a pregnancy classified “at risk” of preeclampsia, screening undertaken in first-term ultrasound controls determines which patients receive preventive treatment. This article examines women's narratives on the communication dynamics with health professionals by drawing on an eight-month ethnographic fieldwork, between 2022 and 2023, in a Barcelona hospital's obstetrics department and 24 semi-structured interviews with women in the postpartum period. The participants of this study had been classified at high risk of developing preeclampsia, which is determined through a screening undertaken during the first trimester of pregnancy, or had a diagnosis of preeclampsia. The results suggest that risk classification significantly impacts the decision-making process and the technical parameters. As we contend, participants experienced difficulties receiving quality information and communicating with professionals, making shared decision-making challenging. As we conclude, doctor-patient dialogue and shared decisions are increasingly replaced by institutional protocols where patients feel their knowledge and experiences have little room.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"367 ","pages":"Article 117786"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117801
Maud Gelly
The COVID-19 epidemic exposed a glaring imbalance between the need for hospitalization and the material and human resources required to meet it. A qualitative study was conducted in a hospital in a region of France overwhelmed by the epidemic in 2020, and this resulting article analyzes how hospital employees came to terms with the shortage of hospital resources. Research reveals the contradictions between the denial of patient sorting by top national leadership and hospital management and its everyday practice by hospital agents in direct contact with the public. Agents who had to sort the sick did not experience a moral dilemma in making these decisions, but those who were not in decision-making positions but had to manage the consequences did. This article contributes to the sociology of sorting by focusing on the practices of agents, being attentive to their moral quandaries and after-the-fact rationalizations in addition to the tactical dimensions of sorting, meaning the concrete local issues to which it responds.
{"title":"Sorting patients and institutional bad faith: A study of a hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic in France","authors":"Maud Gelly","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 epidemic exposed a glaring imbalance between the need for hospitalization and the material and human resources required to meet it. A qualitative study was conducted in a hospital in a region of France overwhelmed by the epidemic in 2020, and this resulting article analyzes how hospital employees came to terms with the shortage of hospital resources. Research reveals the contradictions between the denial of patient sorting by top national leadership and hospital management and its everyday practice by hospital agents in direct contact with the public. Agents who had to sort the sick did not experience a moral dilemma in making these decisions, but those who were not in decision-making positions but had to manage the consequences did. This article contributes to the sociology of sorting by focusing on the practices of agents, being attentive to their moral quandaries and after-the-fact rationalizations in addition to the tactical dimensions of sorting, meaning the concrete local issues to which it responds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"367 ","pages":"Article 117801"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117629
Seong-Uk Baek , Yu-Min Lee , Jong-Uk Won , Jin-Ha Yoon
This study explored the association between multidimensional aspects of employment quality and smoking habits. This study included the wage workers in the Korean Labour and Income Panel Study, 2005–2021 (n = 16,188; observations = 92,954). The employment quality was constructed using a multidimensional approach encompassing three dimensions: employment insecurity, income inadequacy, and a lack of rights and protection. The outcome was current smoking in the same year as exposure to employment quality, as well as the incidence of smoking initiation and cessation in the subsequent year. A generalized estimating equation was used for repeated measures analysis to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Compared with those with the highest employment quality, the odds of smoking cessation were lower among those with the low employment quality (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68–0.95) and those with the lowest employment quality (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61–0.95). While a comparable relationship was found among males, the correlation in the female sample was unclear. Concurrent smoking status and smoking initiation exhibited no clear associations with overall employment quality in both male and female samples. For individual employment quality indicators, daily employment showed a negative association with the odds of smoking cessation. Therefore, this study suggests that policy interventions aimed at enhancing the employment quality of workers are warranted to reduce smoking rates.
{"title":"Association of low employment quality with cigarette smoking, smoking initiation, and smoking cessation: A 16-year longitudinal study in South Korea","authors":"Seong-Uk Baek , Yu-Min Lee , Jong-Uk Won , Jin-Ha Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explored the association between multidimensional aspects of employment quality and smoking habits. This study included the wage workers in the Korean Labour and Income Panel Study, 2005–2021 (n = 16,188; observations = 92,954). The employment quality was constructed using a multidimensional approach encompassing three dimensions: employment insecurity, income inadequacy, and a lack of rights and protection. The outcome was current smoking in the same year as exposure to employment quality, as well as the incidence of smoking initiation and cessation in the subsequent year. A generalized estimating equation was used for repeated measures analysis to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Compared with those with the highest employment quality, the odds of smoking cessation were lower among those with the low employment quality (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68–0.95) and those with the lowest employment quality (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61–0.95). While a comparable relationship was found among males, the correlation in the female sample was unclear. Concurrent smoking status and smoking initiation exhibited no clear associations with overall employment quality in both male and female samples. For individual employment quality indicators, daily employment showed a negative association with the odds of smoking cessation. Therefore, this study suggests that policy interventions aimed at enhancing the employment quality of workers are warranted to reduce smoking rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"366 ","pages":"Article 117629"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117635
Nathaniel J. Johnson , Hali Kil , Theresa Pauly , Maureen C. Ashe , Kenneth M. Madden , Rachel A. Murphy , Wolfgang Linden , Denis Gerstorf , Christiane A. Hoppmann
One often-overlooked consequence of stroke is a deficit in emotion regulation. Acting with awareness in everyday life has been found to support emotion regulation but it is an open question whether such associations generalize to stroke populations. Factors associated with emotion regulation in stroke survivors are key to inform rehabilitation efforts. This study used up to 14 repeated daily life assessments to examine everyday associations between acting with awareness and affect in a sample of 86 community-dwelling adults post-stroke living in Southern British Columbia, Canada (Mage = 68.70, SD = 10.56; range = 33–88; 26.7% female; 63.8% with less than college degree). Multilevel models examined the extent to which daily acting with awareness, previous-day negative affect, and previous-day positive affect were associated with daily negative and positive affect. Multilevel models operationally defined emotion regulation as affect carry-over, the extent to which affect lingered from one day to the next. Results revealed that on days when acting with awareness was elevated, negative affect did not carry over from the previous day, suggesting greater emotion regulation. Additionally, on days when acting with awareness was elevated, positive affect was maintained from day to day, indicating lingering positivity effects. Future research should expand upon our correlational findings, as the opposite causal direction might also hold—affect may increase the likelihood of acting with awareness. Overall, findings suggest that mindfulness-based interventions after stroke might benefit from a greater focus on daily acting with awareness.
{"title":"Dynamic associations between daily acting with awareness and emotion regulation in individuals living with the effects of a stroke","authors":"Nathaniel J. Johnson , Hali Kil , Theresa Pauly , Maureen C. Ashe , Kenneth M. Madden , Rachel A. Murphy , Wolfgang Linden , Denis Gerstorf , Christiane A. Hoppmann","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One often-overlooked consequence of stroke is a deficit in emotion regulation. Acting with awareness in everyday life has been found to support emotion regulation but it is an open question whether such associations generalize to stroke populations. Factors associated with emotion regulation in stroke survivors are key to inform rehabilitation efforts. This study used up to 14 repeated daily life assessments to examine everyday associations between acting with awareness and affect in a sample of 86 community-dwelling adults post-stroke living in Southern British Columbia, Canada (<em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 68.70, <em>SD</em> = 10.56; <em>range</em> = 33–88; 26.7% female; 63.8% with less than college degree). Multilevel models examined the extent to which daily acting with awareness, previous-day negative affect, and previous-day positive affect were associated with daily negative and positive affect. Multilevel models operationally defined emotion regulation as affect carry-over, the extent to which affect lingered from one day to the next. Results revealed that on days when acting with awareness was elevated, negative affect did not carry over from the previous day, suggesting greater emotion regulation. Additionally, on days when acting with awareness was elevated, positive affect was maintained from day to day, indicating lingering positivity effects. Future research should expand upon our correlational findings, as the opposite causal direction might also hold—affect may increase the likelihood of acting with awareness. Overall, findings suggest that mindfulness-based interventions after stroke might benefit from a greater focus on daily acting with awareness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"366 ","pages":"Article 117635"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117648
Sean M. Phelan , Holly L. Burkhartzmeyer , Erin C. Standen , Lori L. Arcand , Kelly M. Kiker , Kayla C. Simiele , Ashley L. Proulx , Amy S. Storsveen , Yihong Deng , Jane M. Foote , Ashok Kumbamu , Amrita N. Prakaashana , Dawn E. Nelson
Efforts to improve diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in healthcare have increased, targeting healthcare worker biases with the goal of increasing inclusion of employees from racial and ethnic minoritized groups and improving care for patients from these groups. Virtual reality (VR) remains an underutilized mechanism for effecting behavior and attitude change.
VR educational interventions work through two primary pathways, behavior rehearsal and embodiment. Rehearsal of communication in VR has been shown to improve self-efficacy, including preparedness, comfort, and confidence in speaking up and comforting a patient with anxiety. Embodiment involves users stepping into the point-of-view of an avatar and experiencing a virtual world through the eyes of that avatar. Users can thus experience things through the eyes of someone from a racial/ethnic group different than their own.
In this study, we examined the efficacy of a VR intervention with both rehearsal and embodiment components on intergroup attitudes and behaviors in nursing leaders from a large, multi-site health care network with locations in four states of United States. Results showed significant increases, relative to a control group, in empathic feeling and expression, empathic perspective taking, theory of planned behavior-based predictors of increasing upstander behavior, and likelihood of taking action in response to a hypothetical situation where a coworker was treated in a racially biased way. Six to eight months after the intervention, significant increases in each of these measures remained. Empathy and upstander behavioral intention rates were demonstrably improved among nursing leaders towards colleagues facing race-based discrimination. This quantifiable impact reaffirms the program's effectiveness in addressing a critical issue: systemic racism in healthcare settings.
{"title":"A virtual reality intervention to increase interracial empathy and upstander behaviors in nursing leaders","authors":"Sean M. Phelan , Holly L. Burkhartzmeyer , Erin C. Standen , Lori L. Arcand , Kelly M. Kiker , Kayla C. Simiele , Ashley L. Proulx , Amy S. Storsveen , Yihong Deng , Jane M. Foote , Ashok Kumbamu , Amrita N. Prakaashana , Dawn E. Nelson","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efforts to improve diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in healthcare have increased, targeting healthcare worker biases with the goal of increasing inclusion of employees from racial and ethnic minoritized groups and improving care for patients from these groups. Virtual reality (VR) remains an underutilized mechanism for effecting behavior and attitude change.</div><div>VR educational interventions work through two primary pathways, behavior rehearsal and embodiment. Rehearsal of communication in VR has been shown to improve self-efficacy, including preparedness, comfort, and confidence in speaking up and comforting a patient with anxiety. Embodiment involves users stepping into the point-of-view of an avatar and experiencing a virtual world through the eyes of that avatar. Users can thus experience things through the eyes of someone from a racial/ethnic group different than their own.</div><div>In this study, we examined the efficacy of a VR intervention with both rehearsal and embodiment components on intergroup attitudes and behaviors in nursing leaders from a large, multi-site health care network with locations in four states of United States. Results showed significant increases, relative to a control group, in empathic feeling and expression, empathic perspective taking, theory of planned behavior-based predictors of increasing upstander behavior, and likelihood of taking action in response to a hypothetical situation where a coworker was treated in a racially biased way. Six to eight months after the intervention, significant increases in each of these measures remained. Empathy and upstander behavioral intention rates were demonstrably improved among nursing leaders towards colleagues facing race-based discrimination. This quantifiable impact reaffirms the program's effectiveness in addressing a critical issue: systemic racism in healthcare settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"366 ","pages":"Article 117648"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117656
Liv Yoon , Emily J. Tetzlaff , Tiffany Chiu , Carson Wong , Lucy Hiscox , Dominique Choquette , Samantha Mew , Glen P. Kenny , Randall F. White , Christian G. Schütz
This study explores the multifaceted challenges experienced by individuals with schizophrenia during extreme heat, highlighting the interplay between individual factors, social dynamics, and environmental influences. Despite making up only 1% of the Canadian population, individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia comprised 16% (n = 97) of the deaths during the 2021 heat dome in Western Canada. However, to date, there exists scant qualitative research that explore the direct experiences and the intricacies of intersecting factors faced by individuals with schizophrenia during extreme heat events. This study aims to explore experiences of heat by those living with schizophrenia, including social, behavioural and physiological vulnerability factors that may exacerbate heat-related risks.
Between October 2023 and February 2024, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 people with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia from in-patient and community settings. Participants had experienced the 2021 Heat Dome, or other extreme heat events, in a community setting within British Columbia, Canada. A descriptive form of thematic analysis that prioritizes participants’ experiences was used to identify and explore patterns in the interview transcripts.
Participants' narratives underscore how some symptoms of schizophrenia – such as paranoia and delusional thinking – may hinder participants' ability to seek relief from the heat and interpret bodily sensations accurately. Social isolation, compounded by societal stigma, acts as a significant barrier to accessing support networks and public resources for coping with extreme temperatures. Additionally, participants described feeling deterred from seeking medical care or public resources due to past negative experiences and social stigma.
Findings illustrate various factors that contribute to the disproportionate impact of extreme heat on individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, encapsulating both schizophrenia-specific biomedical factors as well as social vulnerability associated with their diagnosis. These findings can inform the development of a multidimensional approach that transcends individual responsibility and addresses the systemic and structural determinants of health.
{"title":"Surviving the 2021 heat dome with schizophrenia: A qualitative, interview-based unpacking of risks and vulnerabilities","authors":"Liv Yoon , Emily J. Tetzlaff , Tiffany Chiu , Carson Wong , Lucy Hiscox , Dominique Choquette , Samantha Mew , Glen P. Kenny , Randall F. White , Christian G. Schütz","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the multifaceted challenges experienced by individuals with schizophrenia during extreme heat, highlighting the interplay between individual factors, social dynamics, and environmental influences. Despite making up only 1% of the Canadian population, individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia comprised 16% (<em>n</em> = 97) of the deaths during the 2021 heat dome in Western Canada. However, to date, there exists scant qualitative research that explore the direct experiences and the intricacies of intersecting factors faced by individuals with schizophrenia during extreme heat events. This study aims to explore experiences of heat by those living with schizophrenia, including social, behavioural and physiological vulnerability factors that may exacerbate heat-related risks.</div><div>Between October 2023 and February 2024, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 people with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia from in-patient and community settings. Participants had experienced the 2021 Heat Dome, or other extreme heat events, in a community setting within British Columbia, Canada. A descriptive form of thematic analysis that prioritizes participants’ experiences was used to identify and explore patterns in the interview transcripts.</div><div>Participants' narratives underscore how some symptoms of schizophrenia – such as paranoia and delusional thinking – may hinder participants' ability to seek relief from the heat and interpret bodily sensations accurately. Social isolation, compounded by societal stigma, acts as a significant barrier to accessing support networks and public resources for coping with extreme temperatures. Additionally, participants described feeling deterred from seeking medical care or public resources due to past negative experiences and social stigma.</div><div>Findings illustrate various factors that contribute to the disproportionate impact of extreme heat on individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, encapsulating both schizophrenia-specific biomedical factors as well as social vulnerability associated with their diagnosis. These findings can inform the development of a multidimensional approach that transcends individual responsibility and addresses the systemic and structural determinants of health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"366 ","pages":"Article 117656"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117662
Katie Tiley , Richard Crellin , Tania Domun , Frances Harkness , Joanna M. Blodgett
This rapid review evaluates interventions aimed at improving life satisfaction and aids policymakers, researchers, and practitioners by identifying research strengths, gaps, and future directions for life satisfaction research. Intervention inclusion criteria were: use of a control group; delivered in high-income OECD country; randomised control trials or quasi-experimental studies; published between Jan 2011–Oct 2023; English language; uses a validated life satisfaction outcome measure. Of 9520 search results across five academic databases and grey literature sources, a total of 189 studies with 234 intervention arms met criteria for inclusion. The six themes (18 total subthemes) identified were: Emotion-based activities (intrapersonal and interpersonal, n = 154); Didactic emotional development (n = 30); Health promotion (n = 31); Social media (n = 4); Music (n = 3); and Multi-component interventions (n = 12). Meta-analyses were possible in six subthemes and examined overall standardised mean differences (SMD) in life satisfaction from pre-to post-intervention between the intervention and control group. The review primarily identified intrapersonal (related to self) emotional activities as generally associated with small improvements in life satisfaction: mindfulness (SMD: 0.28 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.13, 0.42)), gratitude (0.19 (0.11, 0.27)) and therapy (0.33 (0.12, 0.53)). Additionally, meta-analysis revealed a moderate effect of emotional skills development training (SMD 0.50 (0.12, 0.88)) and a small effect of exercise (SMD: 0.33 (0.04, 0.62)) on life satisfaction. Subthemes with mixed evidence (i.e., some interventions were effective while others were not) included: positivity and prosocial activities, emotional regulation and resilience training, health promotion education, ‘other’ intrapersonal emotion-based activities which could not otherwise be categorised, and multi-component interventions. The findings of this rapid review offer comprehensive insight into effective interventions for improving life satisfaction as well as areas for further research.
{"title":"Effectiveness of 234 interventions to improve life satisfaction: A rapid systematic review","authors":"Katie Tiley , Richard Crellin , Tania Domun , Frances Harkness , Joanna M. Blodgett","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This rapid review evaluates interventions aimed at improving life satisfaction and aids policymakers, researchers, and practitioners by identifying research strengths, gaps, and future directions for life satisfaction research. Intervention inclusion criteria were: use of a control group; delivered in high-income OECD country; randomised control trials or quasi-experimental studies; published between Jan 2011–Oct 2023; English language; uses a validated life satisfaction outcome measure. Of 9520 search results across five academic databases and grey literature sources, a total of 189 studies with 234 intervention arms met criteria for inclusion. The six themes (18 total subthemes) identified were: Emotion-based activities (intrapersonal and interpersonal, n = 154); Didactic emotional development (n = 30); Health promotion (n = 31); Social media (n = 4); Music (n = 3); and Multi-component interventions (n = 12). Meta-analyses were possible in six subthemes and examined overall standardised mean differences (SMD) in life satisfaction from pre-to post-intervention between the intervention and control group. The review primarily identified intrapersonal (related to self) emotional activities as generally associated with small improvements in life satisfaction: mindfulness (SMD: 0.28 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.13, 0.42)), gratitude (0.19 (0.11, 0.27)) and therapy (0.33 (0.12, 0.53)). Additionally, meta-analysis revealed a moderate effect of emotional skills development training (SMD 0.50 (0.12, 0.88)) and a small effect of exercise (SMD: 0.33 (0.04, 0.62)) on life satisfaction. Subthemes with mixed evidence (i.e., some interventions were effective while others were not) included: positivity and prosocial activities, emotional regulation and resilience training, health promotion education, ‘other’ intrapersonal emotion-based activities which could not otherwise be categorised, and multi-component interventions. The findings of this rapid review offer comprehensive insight into effective interventions for improving life satisfaction as well as areas for further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"366 ","pages":"Article 117662"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117676
Delaney Peterson , Matthijs Rooduijn , Frederic R. Hopp , Gijs Schumacher , Bert N. Bakker
Objectives
The mental and physical health consequences of loneliness are well documented. However, loneliness's socio-political ramifications have been largely unexplored. We theorize that loneliness, due to its physiologically dysregulating impact on the nervous system, facilitates greater susceptibility towards populist radical right parties.
Methods
We tested our hypothesis in 25 unique tests in four population-based samples (N = 40852), spanning nine countries - the Netherlands (15 tests, 2008–2023), Germany (two samples; 2017, 2018), Austria, Croatia, Denmark, France, Hungary, Sweden, and Switzerland (all in 2017). Logistic regressions were run per year and per country. Two internal meta-analyses were run, the first for the Dutch sample and the second for the cross country dataset.
Results
In the Netherlands, lonelier individuals were more likely to support the populist radical right across 15 tests spanning 15 years of data, with 11 tests reaching statistical significance - odds ratios ranging from 1.1 to 1.38. For the cross country analysis, Denmark reached statistical significance (OR = 1.2, 90% CI = 1.01, 1.42). Due to smaller sample sizes however, the cross country tests were underpowered to reliably detect small effects.
Conclusions
Loneliness is positively associated with support for the populist radical right in the Netherlands. The effect sizes are comparable to common health correlates of loneliness - high blood pressure, heart diseases, and depression – emphasizing their socio-political relevance. Going forward, well-powered cross-national replications are needed.
{"title":"Loneliness is positively associated with populist radical right support","authors":"Delaney Peterson , Matthijs Rooduijn , Frederic R. Hopp , Gijs Schumacher , Bert N. Bakker","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The mental and physical health consequences of loneliness are well documented. However, loneliness's socio-political ramifications have been largely unexplored. We theorize that loneliness, due to its physiologically dysregulating impact on the nervous system, facilitates greater susceptibility towards populist radical right parties.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We tested our hypothesis in 25 unique tests in four population-based samples (N = 40852), spanning nine countries - the Netherlands (15 tests, 2008–2023), Germany (two samples; 2017, 2018), Austria, Croatia, Denmark, France, Hungary, Sweden, and Switzerland (all in 2017). Logistic regressions were run per year and per country. Two internal meta-analyses were run, the first for the Dutch sample and the second for the cross country dataset.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the Netherlands, lonelier individuals were more likely to support the populist radical right across 15 tests spanning 15 years of data, with 11 tests reaching statistical significance - odds ratios ranging from 1.1 to 1.38. For the cross country analysis, Denmark reached statistical significance (OR = 1.2, 90% CI = 1.01, 1.42). Due to smaller sample sizes however, the cross country tests were underpowered to reliably detect small effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Loneliness is positively associated with support for the populist radical right in the Netherlands. The effect sizes are comparable to common health correlates of loneliness - high blood pressure, heart diseases, and depression – emphasizing their socio-political relevance. Going forward, well-powered cross-national replications are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"366 ","pages":"Article 117676"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117680
Isabel Briz Hernández
Based on fieldwork conducted in China from November 2018 to January 2020 on biomedical innovation with advanced therapies open to foreigners, in this paper I address the question of why parents of children with incurable cancer decide to access experimental treatment on the other side of the world. While work on the “political economy of hope” has already extensively researched the relation between biomedical technology and hope, I delve into other terrains. In this paper, I will discuss the role of “ontological hope” in the moral project of caring for a child with cancer. Drawing on the Anthropology of Ethics, I conclude that in the postgenomic era, when incurable cancers are recategorize as not-yet-treatable, parents’ efforts to access experimental treatment highlight the complex moral work that parents must undergo to imagine a future good life despite their irreparable loss.
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Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117645
Elizabeth Lahti , Natalie Lanocha , Cirila Estela Vasquez Guzman , Pamela Pierce , Candace Chan , Andrew Lee Breidenbach , Lisa Abia-Smith
Purpose
To create and implement a Whole Personhood in Medical Education curriculum including Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS), close reading, and creative practice that features creative works by BIPOC, persons with disability, and/or LGBTQ + individuals that aligns with educational competencies.
Materials and methods
Curriculum design by an interdisciplinary team made up of physician educators, medical sociologist, digital collection librarian, and art museum educators. Prospective single arm intervention study at a single site academic teaching hospital. Utilized pre-post surveys using the Interpersonal Reflexivity Index (IRI) scale on perspective taking, an internally developed ordinal scale survey on arts integration and bias recognition, and open-ended questions for qualitative analysis.
Results
A total of 161 participants responded and showed statistically significant increases in their mean scores in perspective-taking (4.7%), empathic concern (1.8%), the perceived value of art in medical education (15.8%) and recognizing bias (6.1%). In all subscales, non-white students saw bigger increases than white students, and in three of four subscales, females showed higher increases than males. Qualitative analysis of free text responses (n = 308) showed three emergent themes: (1) increased community; (2) recognition of bias in personal, interpersonal, and system levels; and (3) increased awareness of application of empathy and perspective taking in health settings.
Conclusions
Incorporating a required curriculum that features art and written narratives by minoritized groups and utilizes close observation/reading and reflective/creative practice, leads to an enhanced medical education experience. The curriculum leads to statistically significant increase in individuals’ ability to identify bias, recognize perspectives different than their own, and be empathetic toward others.
{"title":"Whole personhood in medical education: Visual thinking strategy, close reading, and creative practice with a diversity and equity lens","authors":"Elizabeth Lahti , Natalie Lanocha , Cirila Estela Vasquez Guzman , Pamela Pierce , Candace Chan , Andrew Lee Breidenbach , Lisa Abia-Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To create and implement a Whole Personhood in Medical Education curriculum including Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS), close reading, and creative practice that features creative works by BIPOC, persons with disability, and/or LGBTQ + individuals that aligns with educational competencies.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Curriculum design by an interdisciplinary team made up of physician educators, medical sociologist, digital collection librarian, and art museum educators. Prospective single arm intervention study at a single site academic teaching hospital. Utilized pre-post surveys using the Interpersonal Reflexivity Index (IRI) scale on perspective taking, an internally developed ordinal scale survey on arts integration and bias recognition, and open-ended questions for qualitative analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 161 participants responded and showed statistically significant increases in their mean scores in perspective-taking (4.7%), empathic concern (1.8%), the perceived value of art in medical education (15.8%) and recognizing bias (6.1%). In all subscales, non-white students saw bigger increases than white students, and in three of four subscales, females showed higher increases than males. Qualitative analysis of free text responses (n = 308) showed three emergent themes: (1) increased community; (2) recognition of bias in personal, interpersonal, and system levels; and (3) increased awareness of application of empathy and perspective taking in health settings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Incorporating a required curriculum that features art and written narratives by minoritized groups and utilizes close observation/reading and reflective/creative practice, leads to an enhanced medical education experience. The curriculum leads to statistically significant increase in individuals’ ability to identify bias, recognize perspectives different than their own, and be empathetic toward others.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49122,"journal":{"name":"Social Science & Medicine","volume":"366 ","pages":"Article 117645"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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