This publication presents the application of radiotracers in the characterization of industrial flotation circuits. Two examples are showcased: the detection of feed flow rate imbalances and the characterization of particle size segregation in automatic mineral-cutting machines. The feed pulp distribution was determined from the mean residence times. Particle size segregation was measured by sampling the cutting machines (≅ 25 grams samples) using coarse, intermediate, and fine-sized radiotracer particles. Radiotracers were injected into the feed streams and measured at various points of the circuit using nuclear instruments, allowing for non-invasive and real time detection. Results show that in the rougher flotation stage, the feed flow is distributed almost evenly in lines 2 and 3 (approximately 38% of the flow goes to each line) and to a lesser extent towards line 4 (approximately 24%). In lines 1 and 2 of the scavenger stage, a higher percentage of the flow goes towards line 1 (approximately 59%) and a lower percentage towards line 2 (41%). Line 6 of the rougher flotation is the fastest of the circuit (shortest residence time). In addition, the inlet mineral-cutting machine of the rougher stage segregates particles with a bias for fine sizes (11.4 % more fine-sized particles than coarse ones). This work is an example of how radiotracer technology can be applied to improve metal production and processes. Radiotracers provide reliable information to be used in combination with other metallurgical data to properly assess flotation circuits.
{"title":"Application of radiotracers as tools to determine feed flowrate imbalances and particle size segregation in industrial flotation circuits","authors":"Nelson Andres Barrientos, Francico Diaz","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/174817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/174817","url":null,"abstract":"This publication presents the application of radiotracers in the characterization of industrial flotation circuits. Two examples are showcased: the detection of feed flow rate imbalances and the characterization of particle size segregation in automatic mineral-cutting machines. The feed pulp distribution was determined from the mean residence times. Particle size segregation was measured by sampling the cutting machines (≅ 25 grams samples) using coarse, intermediate, and fine-sized radiotracer particles. Radiotracers were injected into the feed streams and measured at various points of the circuit using nuclear instruments, allowing for non-invasive and real time detection. Results show that in the rougher flotation stage, the feed flow is distributed almost evenly in lines 2 and 3 (approximately 38% of the flow goes to each line) and to a lesser extent towards line 4 (approximately 24%). In lines 1 and 2 of the scavenger stage, a higher percentage of the flow goes towards line 1 (approximately 59%) and a lower percentage towards line 2 (41%). Line 6 of the rougher flotation is the fastest of the circuit (shortest residence time). In addition, the inlet mineral-cutting machine of the rougher stage segregates particles with a bias for fine sizes (11.4 % more fine-sized particles than coarse ones). This work is an example of how radiotracer technology can be applied to improve metal production and processes. Radiotracers provide reliable information to be used in combination with other metallurgical data to properly assess flotation circuits.","PeriodicalId":49137,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study investigates the effects and mechanisms of aluminum (Al(III)) and iron (Fe(III)) ions on the flotation efficiency of potassium feldspar (K-feldspar) within oleate collector systems. The study employs micro-flotation experiments, solution chemistry calculations, zeta potential measurements, and FT-IR and XPS analyses to demonstrate that Al(III) and Fe(III) ions can significantly improve the flotation recovery of K-feldspar by altering its surface charge, bonding properties, and adsorption modes. The study also develops adsorption models for the flotation of K-feldspar activated by Al(III) and Fe(III), revealing the synergistic impacts of metal ion hydrolysis products and sodium oleate in the formation of hydrophobic complexes.
{"title":"The effect of Al(III) and Fe(III) ions on the flotation behavior of k-feldspar with sodium oleate as the collector","authors":"Chen Yi, Jikui Zhou, Guichun He, Hongxi Hu, Chao Liu, Jiping Yang, Xianjin Lyu","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/174724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/174724","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates the effects and mechanisms of aluminum (Al(III)) and iron (Fe(III)) ions on the flotation efficiency of potassium feldspar (K-feldspar) within oleate collector systems. The study employs micro-flotation experiments, solution chemistry calculations, zeta potential measurements, and FT-IR and XPS analyses to demonstrate that Al(III) and Fe(III) ions can significantly improve the flotation recovery of K-feldspar by altering its surface charge, bonding properties, and adsorption modes. The study also develops adsorption models for the flotation of K-feldspar activated by Al(III) and Fe(III), revealing the synergistic impacts of metal ion hydrolysis products and sodium oleate in the formation of hydrophobic complexes.","PeriodicalId":49137,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":"158 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135325368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diethylenetriaminepenta (methylene-phosphonic acid) pentasodium salt (DTPMPA), an eco-friendly reagent, was tried for the first time as a depressant for flotation separation of scheelite from calcite. Micro-flotation tests show that DTPMPA can selectively depress the floatability of calcite. In contrast, DTPMPA barely affects the flotation behavior of scheelite. Based on the selective depress effect, floatation separation of scheelite and calcite can be effectively achieved by using DTPMPA as depressant in artificially mixed minerals flotation tests. Based on a series of measurements, it found the surface of calcite was positively charged due to the existence of Ca ion site, which can be chelated with -PO3H- functional group on the surface of DTPMPA. In the flotation process, DTPMPA can be chemically absorbed on the surface of calcite to inhibit further collector adsorption. On contrast, little DTPMPA was adsorbed on the surface of scheelite due to the spatial site resistance and electrostatic repulsion induced by surface WO42+. All in all, these results exhibit DTPMPA has excellent selective depression ability on calcite, which can be potentially applied in the actual scheelite flotation process.
{"title":"Application of Diethylenetriaminepenta pentasodium salt as an eco-friendly depressant to effectively improve the flotation separation of scheelite and calcite","authors":"Hepeng Zhou, Handan Wu, Jiangfeng Guo, Xuekun Tang, Wen Huang, Xianping Luo","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/174718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/174718","url":null,"abstract":"Diethylenetriaminepenta (methylene-phosphonic acid) pentasodium salt (DTPMPA), an eco-friendly reagent, was tried for the first time as a depressant for flotation separation of scheelite from calcite. Micro-flotation tests show that DTPMPA can selectively depress the floatability of calcite. In contrast, DTPMPA barely affects the flotation behavior of scheelite. Based on the selective depress effect, floatation separation of scheelite and calcite can be effectively achieved by using DTPMPA as depressant in artificially mixed minerals flotation tests. Based on a series of measurements, it found the surface of calcite was positively charged due to the existence of Ca ion site, which can be chelated with -PO<sub>3</sub>H- functional group on the surface of DTPMPA. In the flotation process, DTPMPA can be chemically absorbed on the surface of calcite to inhibit further collector adsorption. On contrast, little DTPMPA was adsorbed on the surface of scheelite due to the spatial site resistance and electrostatic repulsion induced by surface WO<sub>4</sub><sup>2+</sup>. All in all, these results exhibit DTPMPA has excellent selective depression ability on calcite, which can be potentially applied in the actual scheelite flotation process.","PeriodicalId":49137,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135325820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the flotation behavior of Cyclohexyl hydroxamic acid (CHA) and benzhydroxamic acid (BHA) on cassiterite under lead nitrate activation conditions and elucidates the adsorption mechanism of CHA on the cassiterite surface. Microflotation experiments were performed to compare the capturing efficiency of CHA and BHA at pH values ranging from 4 to 12. Results showed that CHA exhibited superior capability in capturing cassiterite compared to BHA. The recovery of cassiterite in the hydroxamic acid-based flotation system correlated positively with the adsorption of hydroxamic acid on the cassiterite surface. Adsorption experiments revealed an increase in adsorption quantity with an increase in hydroxamic acid dosage, with CHA exhibiting significantly higher adsorption amount than BHA on the cassiterite surface. To analyze the adsorption mechanism of CHA on the cassiterite surface, both infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis were conducted, both before and after lead nitrate activation. IR spectra and XPS results indicated that lead ion activation enhanced the adsorption of CHA on the cassiterite surface, resulting in an increased number of active sites for CHA interaction. Additionally, chemisorption of CHA occurred on the cassiterite surface.
{"title":"Comparing cyclohexyl hydroxamic acid and benzohydroxamic acid in cassiterite flotation under lead nitrate activation","authors":"Leming Ou, Hao Yang","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/174673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/174673","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the flotation behavior of Cyclohexyl hydroxamic acid (CHA) and benzhydroxamic acid (BHA) on cassiterite under lead nitrate activation conditions and elucidates the adsorption mechanism of CHA on the cassiterite surface. Microflotation experiments were performed to compare the capturing efficiency of CHA and BHA at pH values ranging from 4 to 12. Results showed that CHA exhibited superior capability in capturing cassiterite compared to BHA. The recovery of cassiterite in the hydroxamic acid-based flotation system correlated positively with the adsorption of hydroxamic acid on the cassiterite surface. Adsorption experiments revealed an increase in adsorption quantity with an increase in hydroxamic acid dosage, with CHA exhibiting significantly higher adsorption amount than BHA on the cassiterite surface. To analyze the adsorption mechanism of CHA on the cassiterite surface, both infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis were conducted, both before and after lead nitrate activation. IR spectra and XPS results indicated that lead ion activation enhanced the adsorption of CHA on the cassiterite surface, resulting in an increased number of active sites for CHA interaction. Additionally, chemisorption of CHA occurred on the cassiterite surface.","PeriodicalId":49137,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":"211 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135325815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerous minerals found in nature contain silica, including quartz, cristobalite, opal, etc. They have the same chemical composition but different crystal structures, and this phenomenon is called “polymorphism” in mineralogy. For these polymorphic and multi-like minerals, in the flotation process, will it directly or indirectly affect the flotation effect. Based on this, this study mainly explores the difference between crystalline SiO2 and amorphous SiO2 in flotation. In this study, two crystal forms of SiO2 were subjected to flotation and adsorption capacity tests. FTIR, other test techniques, the chemical calculation of the flotation solution, and the theoretical calculation of the DLVO can all be used to provide an explanation. Finally, in the flotation experiment, the feedbacks of the two minerals to the change of the pH value of the pulp and the change of the concentration of the reagent are different. Through the comprehensive analysis of the adsorption capacity test and semi-quantitative calculation of the infrared spectrum, the adsorption capacity of crystalline SiO2 to drugs is about 23% higher than amorphous SiO2. Furthermore, during the flotation process, the amorphous SiO2 particles will agglomerate together and entrain into the foam through, resulting in concentrate pollution. So amorphous SiO2 will undoubtedly increase the difficulty of flotation.
{"title":"Study on the mechanism of the difference in flotation performance between fine-grained crystalline SiO<sub>2</sub> and amorphous SiO<sub>2</sub>","authors":"Saisai Ma, Jie Li, Yonglun Wang, Bangqi Wei","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/174567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/174567","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous minerals found in nature contain silica, including quartz, cristobalite, opal, etc. They have the same chemical composition but different crystal structures, and this phenomenon is called “polymorphism” in mineralogy. For these polymorphic and multi-like minerals, in the flotation process, will it directly or indirectly affect the flotation effect. Based on this, this study mainly explores the difference between crystalline SiO<sub>2</sub> and amorphous SiO<sub>2</sub> in flotation. In this study, two crystal forms of SiO<sub>2</sub> were subjected to flotation and adsorption capacity tests. FTIR, other test techniques, the chemical calculation of the flotation solution, and the theoretical calculation of the DLVO can all be used to provide an explanation. Finally, in the flotation experiment, the feedbacks of the two minerals to the change of the pH value of the pulp and the change of the concentration of the reagent are different. Through the comprehensive analysis of the adsorption capacity test and semi-quantitative calculation of the infrared spectrum, the adsorption capacity of crystalline SiO<sub>2</sub> to drugs is about 23% higher than amorphous SiO<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, during the flotation process, the amorphous SiO<sub>2</sub> particles will agglomerate together and entrain into the foam through, resulting in concentrate pollution. So amorphous SiO<sub>2</sub> will undoubtedly increase the difficulty of flotation.","PeriodicalId":49137,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":"6 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136317975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In conventional flotation systems, the collector is adsorbed onto mineral particles from the aqueous phase at the solid/liquid interface. Aerosol collector addition is a concept whereby collector molecules are introduced to mineral surfaces via the surfaces of bubbles or the solid/gas interface. Several studies have demonstrated this concept, ranging from the analysis of ideal mineral surfaces to laboratory-scale flotation of complex water systems. However, the physical addition of a collector to the surfaces of bubbles is not a common process and has no uniform methodology. If aerosol collector addition is to be studied as a viable reagent addition technique, it becomes necessary to develop and test appropriate methods that could be replicated across several different studies. This work examines two aerosol addition methods: a conventional Venturi-style gas liquid nozzle, as well as a purpose-built atomiser developed for use in pharmacological applications. Both were compared to a standard “upfront conditioning” batch dosage method and were found to be safe, simple to use and produced comparable flotation outcomes.
{"title":"Aerosol collector addition in flotation – evaluation of delivery options","authors":"Liza Forbes, Candice Jeanine Brill, Isabella Verster","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/174475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/174475","url":null,"abstract":"In conventional flotation systems, the collector is adsorbed onto mineral particles from the aqueous phase at the solid/liquid interface. Aerosol collector addition is a concept whereby collector molecules are introduced to mineral surfaces via the surfaces of bubbles or the solid/gas interface. Several studies have demonstrated this concept, ranging from the analysis of ideal mineral surfaces to laboratory-scale flotation of complex water systems. However, the physical addition of a collector to the surfaces of bubbles is not a common process and has no uniform methodology. If aerosol collector addition is to be studied as a viable reagent addition technique, it becomes necessary to develop and test appropriate methods that could be replicated across several different studies. This work examines two aerosol addition methods: a conventional Venturi-style gas liquid nozzle, as well as a purpose-built atomiser developed for use in pharmacological applications. Both were compared to a standard “upfront conditioning” batch dosage method and were found to be safe, simple to use and produced comparable flotation outcomes.","PeriodicalId":49137,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":"58 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136262070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper evaluates the capacity of an automated algorithm to detect bubbles and estimate bubble size (Sauter mean diameter, D32) from images recorded in industrial flotation machines. The algorithm is previously calibrated from laboratory images. The D32 results are compared with semi-automated estimations, which are used as "ground truth". Although the automated algorithm is reliable to estimate bubble size at laboratory scale, a significant bias is observed from industrial images for D32 > 3.0-4.0 mm. This uncertainty is caused by the presence of small and large bubbles in the same population, with large bubbles forming complex clusters and being observed incomplete, limited by the region of interest. Flotation columns are more prone to this condition, which hinders the estimation of Sauter diameters. The results show the need for bubble size databases that include industrial images. As several image processing tools are currently available, software calibration from ideal bubble images (synthetic or from laboratory rigs) will mostly lead to biased D32 estimations in industrial flotation machines.
{"title":"A discussion on the limitations of image analysis for determining bubble size in industrial flotation when using algorithms successfully tested from idealized images","authors":"Luis Vinnett","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/174474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/174474","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates the capacity of an automated algorithm to detect bubbles and estimate bubble size (Sauter mean diameter, D32) from images recorded in industrial flotation machines. The algorithm is previously calibrated from laboratory images. The D32 results are compared with semi-automated estimations, which are used as \"ground truth\". Although the automated algorithm is reliable to estimate bubble size at laboratory scale, a significant bias is observed from industrial images for D32 > 3.0-4.0 mm. This uncertainty is caused by the presence of small and large bubbles in the same population, with large bubbles forming complex clusters and being observed incomplete, limited by the region of interest. Flotation columns are more prone to this condition, which hinders the estimation of Sauter diameters. The results show the need for bubble size databases that include industrial images. As several image processing tools are currently available, software calibration from ideal bubble images (synthetic or from laboratory rigs) will mostly lead to biased D32 estimations in industrial flotation machines.","PeriodicalId":49137,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gravity separation is the primary method used to beneficiate Ta-Nb-bearing minerals, however, it performs poorly in low-grade and fine-grained ores. A comparative study of gravity separation products (concentrate, middlings, and tailings) reveals the factors affecting the separation behavior of Ta-Nb-bearing minerals in the process combined with a spiral chute and shaking table from the perspective of mineralogy. The results reveal that columbite-tantalite is the principal Ta-Nb-bearing mineral. The grain size of columbite-tantalite in the concentrate is the coarsest, followed by that in the middlings, and the finest in the tailings, which are mainly distributed in the range of -150+38 μm, -75+20 μm, and-38 μm, respectively. The liberation degree of columbite-tantalite in the concentrate and tailings is positively correlated with grinding time, while that in the middlings is negatively correlated with grinding time. The density of columbite-tantalite-bearing particles in concentrate is mainly distributed above 3 or even 4, due to the high liberation degree of the columbite-tantalite in the concentrate, as well as the high amount of rich intergrowth associated with heavy minerals. The density of Ta-Nb-bearing mineral particles in the middlings and tailings is predominantly distributed in D<3. It demonstrates that the liberation degree is not the most essential factor in determining columbite-tantalite separation behavior in the gravity field, and the mineralogical characteristics of columbite-tantalite including grain size, association relationship, and particle density, may be more important. The results of this investigation can provide theoretical support for the strengthening separation of low-grade tantalum-niobium ore.
{"title":"Mineralogical factors affecting the separation behavior of Ta-Nb-bearing minerals in the gravity field: mineral grain size, liberation, and association relationship","authors":"Hongwei Cheng, Jian Xu, Shoujing Wang, Zihu Lv, Fushuai Wei, Dengkui Zhao, Dongyin Wu","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/174504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/174504","url":null,"abstract":"Gravity separation is the primary method used to beneficiate Ta-Nb-bearing minerals, however, it performs poorly in low-grade and fine-grained ores. A comparative study of gravity separation products (concentrate, middlings, and tailings) reveals the factors affecting the separation behavior of Ta-Nb-bearing minerals in the process combined with a spiral chute and shaking table from the perspective of mineralogy. The results reveal that columbite-tantalite is the principal Ta-Nb-bearing mineral. The grain size of columbite-tantalite in the concentrate is the coarsest, followed by that in the middlings, and the finest in the tailings, which are mainly distributed in the range of -150+38 μm, -75+20 μm, and-38 μm, respectively. The liberation degree of columbite-tantalite in the concentrate and tailings is positively correlated with grinding time, while that in the middlings is negatively correlated with grinding time. The density of columbite-tantalite-bearing particles in concentrate is mainly distributed above 3 or even 4, due to the high liberation degree of the columbite-tantalite in the concentrate, as well as the high amount of rich intergrowth associated with heavy minerals. The density of Ta-Nb-bearing mineral particles in the middlings and tailings is predominantly distributed in D<3. It demonstrates that the liberation degree is not the most essential factor in determining columbite-tantalite separation behavior in the gravity field, and the mineralogical characteristics of columbite-tantalite including grain size, association relationship, and particle density, may be more important. The results of this investigation can provide theoretical support for the strengthening separation of low-grade tantalum-niobium ore.","PeriodicalId":49137,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":"53 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135217941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Viktor Shevko, Raisa Uteyeva, Alexandra Badikova, Saltanat Talipovna Tleuova
The article considers the results of studying the thermodynamic computer modeling of the interaction of phosphorite (Karatau basin, Kazakhstan) with carbon and coke performed using the HSC-10 software package and electric smelting of the phosphorite with coke and steel shavings in an arc furnace. The modeling allowed us to determine the equilibrium extraction degrees of phosphorus into gas (Р2, Р4), silicon into ferroalloy in the form of iron silicides (FeSi2, FeSi, Fe3Si, Fe5Si3, Si) and calcium into CaС2. At temperatures above 1500 °C, regardless of the amount of iron, the extraction degree of phosphorus into gas is more 99%. The resulting ferroalloy contains 21.2-23.8% of Si, 1.6-2.8% of Al; the calcium carbide has a capacity of 288-325 dm3/kg. The extraction degree of silicon into the alloy was 89.8%, calcium in CaC2 – 72.5%, phosphorus into gas – 99.4%. The ferroalloy, formed at the electric smelting of the Chulaktau phosphorite together with coke and steel shavings and containing 24.9-29.8% of Si, is FS25 grade ferrosilicon, and the formed calcium carbide has a capacity of 278-290 dm3/kg and belongs to the third and second grades. The developed technology makes it possible to increase the degree of phosphorites’ comprehensive use two times (up to 87.5%).
{"title":"Processing of phosphorites with extraction of phosphorus, obtaining calcium carbide and ferroalloy","authors":"Viktor Shevko, Raisa Uteyeva, Alexandra Badikova, Saltanat Talipovna Tleuova","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/174463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/174463","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the results of studying the thermodynamic computer modeling of the interaction of phosphorite (Karatau basin, Kazakhstan) with carbon and coke performed using the HSC-10 software package and electric smelting of the phosphorite with coke and steel shavings in an arc furnace. The modeling allowed us to determine the equilibrium extraction degrees of phosphorus into gas (Р<sub>2</sub>, Р<sub>4</sub>), silicon into ferroalloy in the form of iron silicides (FeSi<sub>2</sub>, FeSi, Fe<sub>3</sub>Si, Fe<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>, Si) and calcium into CaС<sub>2</sub>. At temperatures above 1500 °C, regardless of the amount of iron, the extraction degree of phosphorus into gas is more 99%. The resulting ferroalloy contains 21.2-23.8% of Si, 1.6-2.8% of Al; the calcium carbide has a capacity of 288-325 dm<sup>3</sup>/kg. The extraction degree of silicon into the alloy was 89.8%, calcium in CaC<sub>2</sub> – 72.5%, phosphorus into gas – 99.4%. The ferroalloy, formed at the electric smelting of the Chulaktau phosphorite together with coke and steel shavings and containing 24.9-29.8% of Si, is FS25 grade ferrosilicon, and the formed calcium carbide has a capacity of 278-290 dm<sup>3</sup>/kg and belongs to the third and second grades. The developed technology makes it possible to increase the degree of phosphorites’ comprehensive use two times (up to 87.5%).","PeriodicalId":49137,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135267032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study employed density functional theory (DFT) to analyze the adsorption configuration and mechanism of Fe(OH)2+ on the kaolinite (001) surface. The findings demonstrated that Fe(OH)2(H2O)4+ is the main type in which hydrated Fe(OH)2+ can be found in aqueous solution. On the surface of kaolinite, Fe(OH)2(H2O)4+ will be adsorbed. There are two forms of adsorption: outer-sphere and inner-sphere coordination (monodentate/bidentate) adsorption. Fe(OH)2(H2O)4+ has a moderate propensity to adsorb on the alumina octahedral sheet of kaolinite when the outer-sphere coordination adsorption takes place. In cases of inner-sphere coordination adsorption, Fe exhibits a tendency to form monodentate adsorption compounds in conjunction with Ou atoms. Additionally, it prefers to create bidentate adsorption compounds through coordination with both Ot and Ou atoms. The adsorption mechanism analysis results show that the ionic property of Fe atom decreases after outer-sphere coordination adsorption. After inner-sphere coordination adsorption, some electrons of Fe atom are transferred to the surface O atom. The presence of electrons between the Fe and O atoms enhances the formation of bonds, hence enhancing the covalent nature of the Fe-O bond. Theoretical FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) calculations show that the formation of Fe-O chemical bonds. Because of the lower adsorption energy and more chemical bonds, hydrate Fe(OH)2+ is more likely to be bidentate adsorbed on the kaolinite surface.
{"title":"Adsorption of hydrated Fe(OH)<sup>2+</sup> on the kaolinite surface: A density functional theory study","authors":"Hongqiang Wu, Yuqi Miao, Qibang Long, huashan yan, Yong Li, Sen Qiu, Hao Wu, Guanfei Zhao, Tingsheng Qiu","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/174415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/174415","url":null,"abstract":"The present study employed density functional theory (DFT) to analyze the adsorption configuration and mechanism of Fe(OH)<sup>2+</sup> on the kaolinite (001) surface. The findings demonstrated that Fe(OH)<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sup>4+</sup> is the main type in which hydrated Fe(OH)<sup>2+</sup> can be found in aqueous solution. On the surface of kaolinite, Fe(OH)<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sup>4+</sup> will be adsorbed. There are two forms of adsorption: outer-sphere and inner-sphere coordination (monodentate/bidentate) adsorption. Fe(OH)<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sup>4+</sup> has a moderate propensity to adsorb on the alumina octahedral sheet of kaolinite when the outer-sphere coordination adsorption takes place. In cases of inner-sphere coordination adsorption, Fe exhibits a tendency to form monodentate adsorption compounds in conjunction with Ou atoms. Additionally, it prefers to create bidentate adsorption compounds through coordination with both Ot and Ou atoms. The adsorption mechanism analysis results show that the ionic property of Fe atom decreases after outer-sphere coordination adsorption. After inner-sphere coordination adsorption, some electrons of Fe atom are transferred to the surface O atom. The presence of electrons between the Fe and O atoms enhances the formation of bonds, hence enhancing the covalent nature of the Fe-O bond. Theoretical FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) calculations show that the formation of Fe-O chemical bonds. Because of the lower adsorption energy and more chemical bonds, hydrate Fe(OH)<sup>2+</sup> is more likely to be bidentate adsorbed on the kaolinite surface.","PeriodicalId":49137,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":"64 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135274226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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