Flotation is the most known beneficiation method for the separation of complex and refractory iron ores. As a typical iron-containing silicates, it is difficult to separate chlorite from specularite, because of the similar surface physicochemical properties. In this study, the selective depression effect of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) was conducted via the cationic micro-flotation. The surface adsorption mechanism between SHMP and the two mineral surface was explored through surface adsorption amount tests, Zeta-potential measurements, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The micro-flotation results indicated that SHMP could selectively depress around 90% of chlorite, while its effect on the floatability of specularite was negligible (<20% depressing). The surface adsorption amount tests, Zeta-potential measurements analysis demonstrated that SHMP selectively adsorb on chlorite surface while on the surface of specularite is feeble. The further surface adsorption analysis via FT-IR and XPS proved that SHMP selective adsorption occurred on the chlorite surface mainly by chemisorption mainly through the chelation reaction between O in the phosphate groups of SHMP molecular and metal ions on surface of chlorite.
{"title":"The selective depression effect of sodium hexametaphosphate on the separation of chlorite and specularite","authors":"Fugang Zhao, Xiankun Yu, Xiangpeng Gao, Mingyang Li, Xiang-Xi Chen","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/166495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/166495","url":null,"abstract":"Flotation is the most known beneficiation method for the separation of complex and refractory iron ores. As a typical iron-containing silicates, it is difficult to separate chlorite from specularite, because of the similar surface physicochemical properties. In this study, the selective depression effect of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) was conducted via the cationic micro-flotation. The surface adsorption mechanism between SHMP and the two mineral surface was explored through surface adsorption amount tests, Zeta-potential measurements, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The micro-flotation results indicated that SHMP could selectively depress around 90% of chlorite, while its effect on the floatability of specularite was negligible (<20% depressing). The surface adsorption amount tests, Zeta-potential measurements analysis demonstrated that SHMP selectively adsorb on chlorite surface while on the surface of specularite is feeble. The further surface adsorption analysis via FT-IR and XPS proved that SHMP selective adsorption occurred on the chlorite surface mainly by chemisorption mainly through the chelation reaction between O in the phosphate groups of SHMP molecular and metal ions on surface of chlorite.","PeriodicalId":49137,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49214517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erdem Özdemir, Richard Dixon, Juha Saari, Diana Kasymova, Berivan Tunc, Danish Bilal, Enkhzul Bayarmagnai, Aleksandra Lang, Kaija Koskenkorva, Jaakko Larkomaa
Mineral processing applications increasingly use recycled water to preserve freshwater natural resources and comply with environmental regulations. However, accumulating anions, cations, and reagents in the process water may affect plant flotation performance and production continuity. Therefore, many cost actions may be needed to mitigate the recycled water effects. Typically, the process water properties and their effects on flotation performance are unknown for a greenfield project. Often, the result is an over-scaling up of the process plant with an additional financial cost. The experimental methodology in the paper focuses on creating water for testing that is closer to the actual process water during the comminution and flotation process for any greenfield project. The scope of the study consists of creating possible process water, conducting flotation experiments, and simulation. In order to validate the dissolution loop method, refractory gold flotation plant conditions were selected in our Finland laboratory. The simulation results of dissolution loop flotation kinetics were compared with the actual plant mass balance. According to the comparative results, the process water created by the dissolution loop method has the same physical and chemical properties as the actual process water at the site except for SO4 -concentration. Moreover, comparing the simulation results of the experimental data and plant mass balance studies shows that the gold grade and recovery results in the simulation were lower than the actual plant mass balance.
{"title":"Modeling and simulation of a gold concentrator plant implementing a dissolution loop method","authors":"Erdem Özdemir, Richard Dixon, Juha Saari, Diana Kasymova, Berivan Tunc, Danish Bilal, Enkhzul Bayarmagnai, Aleksandra Lang, Kaija Koskenkorva, Jaakko Larkomaa","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/166377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/166377","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral processing applications increasingly use recycled water to preserve freshwater natural resources and comply with environmental regulations. However, accumulating anions, cations, and reagents in the process water may affect plant flotation performance and production continuity. Therefore, many cost actions may be needed to mitigate the recycled water effects. Typically, the process water properties and their effects on flotation performance are unknown for a greenfield project. Often, the result is an over-scaling up of the process plant with an additional financial cost. The experimental methodology in the paper focuses on creating water for testing that is closer to the actual process water during the comminution and flotation process for any greenfield project. The scope of the study consists of creating possible process water, conducting flotation experiments, and simulation. In order to validate the dissolution loop method, refractory gold flotation plant conditions were selected in our Finland laboratory. The simulation results of dissolution loop flotation kinetics were compared with the actual plant mass balance. According to the comparative results, the process water created by the dissolution loop method has the same physical and chemical properties as the actual process water at the site except for SO4 -concentration. Moreover, comparing the simulation results of the experimental data and plant mass balance studies shows that the gold grade and recovery results in the simulation were lower than the actual plant mass balance.","PeriodicalId":49137,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135429129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several optimization studies were made to increase metal recovery and reduce operational costs of the concentrator in Siirt Madenköy copper mine. In consequence of these studies, effects of the changes in operating parameters, cost and plant recovery will be examined at this article. In this article, we will discuss two important revision studies, which are: - Replacement of 500 mm hydrocyclone set used in ball mills with 350 mm of hydrocyclone set. - Replacing the present Ball Mill with a SAG mill. Correspondingly elimination of the crushing and screening plant. - Increasing the scavenger cells from 4 to 6 by the addition of 2 more cells. In consequence with this feeding the middling tail to the increased scavenger cells which was treated as a part of final tail before this change. We will examine the effect of all these changes to the final recovery, concentrate grade and final cost.
{"title":"Eti Copper Siirt flotation plant revision studies","authors":"Yasar Kara, A. Tatar, Ahmet Hasyamanlar","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/166260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/166260","url":null,"abstract":"Several optimization studies were made to increase metal recovery and reduce operational costs of the concentrator in Siirt Madenköy copper mine. In consequence of these studies, effects of the changes in operating parameters, cost and plant recovery will be examined at this article. In this article, we will discuss two important revision studies, which are:\u0000- Replacement of 500 mm hydrocyclone set used in ball mills with 350 mm of hydrocyclone set.\u0000- Replacing the present Ball Mill with a SAG mill. Correspondingly elimination of the crushing and screening plant.\u0000- Increasing the scavenger cells from 4 to 6 by the addition of 2 more cells. In consequence with this feeding the middling tail to the increased scavenger cells which was treated as a part of final tail before this change.\u0000We will examine the effect of all these changes to the final recovery, concentrate grade and final cost.","PeriodicalId":49137,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41783320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has become an active research area for treating low specific gravity (SG) deposits by centrifugal separation due to its high efficiency, low cost and minor environmental impact. Laboratory Knelson Concentrator has shown its potential for processing high density ores on a dry basis. This study investigated the feasibility and the optimum operating conditions when processing a dry low SG feed with a modified Knelson Concentrator. A synthetic mixture of magnetite and quartz with a grade of 1% magnetite was used to mimic a low-density ratio ore. Bowl speed (G), air fluidizing pressure (psi) and solids feed rate (g/min) were chosen as the operating variables. Box-Behnken design was used to design the experiments and response surface method was used for optimization. The effects of each individual factors and their interactions on concentrate grade and magnetite recovery were evaluated. The dry process achieved up to 60 % magnetite recovery with an upgrade ratio of 5. The optimized values for the concentration with the highest recovery and grade of bowl speed, solids feed rate and air fluidizing pressure are 27 G, 200 g/min and 12 psi, respectively.
{"title":"A preliminary investigation of dry gravity separation with low specific gravity ores using a laboratory Knelson Concentrator","authors":"Meng Zhou, O. Kokkilic, R. Langlois, K. Waters","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/165992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/165992","url":null,"abstract":"It has become an active research area for treating low specific gravity (SG) deposits by centrifugal separation due to its high efficiency, low cost and minor environmental impact. Laboratory Knelson Concentrator has shown its potential for processing high density ores on a dry basis. This study investigated the feasibility and the optimum operating conditions when processing a dry low SG feed with a modified Knelson Concentrator. A synthetic mixture of magnetite and quartz with a grade of 1% magnetite was used to mimic a low-density ratio ore. Bowl speed (G), air fluidizing pressure (psi) and solids feed rate (g/min) were chosen as the operating variables. Box-Behnken design was used to design the experiments and response surface method was used for optimization. The effects of each individual factors and their interactions on concentrate grade and magnetite recovery were evaluated. The dry process achieved up to 60 % magnetite recovery with an upgrade ratio of 5. The optimized values for the concentration with the highest recovery and grade of bowl speed, solids feed rate and air fluidizing pressure are 27 G, 200 g/min and 12 psi, respectively.","PeriodicalId":49137,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49158843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of advanced materials those are stronger, more rigid, lighter, hotter and self-renewable than existing materials has been the rising point of many research studies conducted in recent years. Within this scope, the interest to production of nanostructured materials is received considerable attention worldwide due to their potential positive contribution to wide variety of technological areas such as electronics, catalysis, adsorbents, ceramics, magnetic data storage, structural components etc. In these efforts polymer nanocomposites as the form of hydrogels, reinforced with well-dispersed layered silicate, typically montmorillonite can be given as a one of the promising composite material. However, long-standing problems for polymer-clay nanocomposites include actual exfoliation of clay particles in discrete layers, uniform distribution of clay layers throughout the polymer, and randomness of clay sequences. For the exfoliation of clay particles, although the chemical modification of clay minerals in aqueous media is the well-known and more general way applied by researchers, the physical pathway method performed by high-energy ball mills is also gaining increasing attention as an alternative pretreatment way. Grinding of crushed materials is one of the key processes in the mineral and cement industry, but the increased concern on the preparation of fine-grained powders (nano powders) or the manufacture of composites with desirable properties, especially performed with use of high-energy ball mills, has led to significantly widen the usage field of grinding. Undoubtedly, the main reason for these efforts is to improve the performance of existing materials. In this paper the fundamental concepts, classification, physical and chemical characteristics and the production methods of clay/polymer nanocomposites was briefly reviewed base on the composite hydrogel. Particular attention was paid to the pre-treatment (exfoliation) of clays with high-energy ball mills, which is increasingly being accepted as an alternative method to eliminate the negative effects of chemical treatment in some composite forms.
{"title":"Clay/nanocomposite hydrogels: In review","authors":"H. Kurama, Sultan Bütün Şengel","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/165991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/165991","url":null,"abstract":"The development of advanced materials those are stronger, more rigid, lighter, hotter and self-renewable than existing materials has been the rising point of many research studies conducted in recent years. Within this scope, the interest to production of nanostructured materials is received considerable attention worldwide due to their potential positive contribution to wide variety of technological areas such as electronics, catalysis, adsorbents, ceramics, magnetic data storage, structural components etc. In these efforts polymer nanocomposites as the form of hydrogels, reinforced with well-dispersed layered silicate, typically montmorillonite can be given as a one of the promising composite material. However, long-standing problems for polymer-clay nanocomposites include actual exfoliation of clay particles in discrete layers, uniform distribution of clay layers throughout the polymer, and randomness of clay sequences. For the exfoliation of clay particles, although the chemical modification of clay minerals in aqueous media is the well-known and more general way applied by researchers, the physical pathway method performed by high-energy ball mills is also gaining increasing attention as an alternative pretreatment way. Grinding of crushed materials is one of the key processes in the mineral and cement industry, but the increased concern on the preparation of fine-grained powders (nano powders) or the manufacture of composites with desirable properties, especially performed with use of high-energy ball mills, has led to significantly widen the usage field of grinding. Undoubtedly, the main reason for these efforts is to improve the performance of existing materials. In this paper the fundamental concepts, classification, physical and chemical characteristics and the production methods of clay/polymer nanocomposites was briefly reviewed base on the composite hydrogel. Particular attention was paid to the pre-treatment (exfoliation) of clays with high-energy ball mills, which is increasingly being accepted as an alternative method to eliminate the negative effects of chemical treatment in some composite forms.","PeriodicalId":49137,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43477940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the flotation of metal sulfide minerals, due to the interference of unavoidable ions, the quartz also partially floats in some cases. The research on the mechanism of quartz being activated and floating up is still insufficient. In this study, the influence of unavoidable ions Cu2+ and Ni2+ on the floatation of quartz was studied by micro-flotation experiments, adsorption detection, zeta potential measurement, solution composition calculation, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observation. This provides a theoretical reference for further understanding the mechanism of sodium ethylxanthogenate and quartz surface, as well as the development of new quartz depressant. The results of flotation showed that after activation by Cu2+(1×10-4 mol/L) and Ni2+(5×10-5 mol/L), quartz was captured by sodium ethylxanthogenate (EX:1.4×10-4 mol/L) under alkaline conditions, while the best recoveries were 80% and 43%, respectively. The results of adsorption measurement and Zeta potential measurement showed that the precipitation rate of Cu2+ was greater than that of Ni2+ under alkaline conditions. In addition, both Cu2+ and Ni2+ were electrostatically adsorbed on the quartz surface and changed the Zeta potential of quartz. The solution composition calculation further showed that Cu(OH)+, Cu(OH)2(s), and Ni(OH)+, Ni(OH)2(s) were the main components in the solution under alkaline conditions. FT-IR analysis, XPS analysis, and AFM observations revealed that Cu species and Ni species were adsorbed on O atoms on the quartz surface, providing active sites for EX adsorption.
{"title":"Activation of quartz flotation by Cu2+, Ni2+ in the sodium ethylxanthogenate (EX) system","authors":"Yang Liu, X. Tong, Ruiqi Xie, Qiang Song, Peimin Fan, Xie Xian","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/166368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/166368","url":null,"abstract":"During the flotation of metal sulfide minerals, due to the interference of unavoidable ions, the quartz also partially floats in some cases. The research on the mechanism of quartz being activated and floating up is still insufficient. In this study, the influence of unavoidable ions Cu2+ and Ni2+ on the floatation of quartz was studied by micro-flotation experiments, adsorption detection, zeta potential measurement, solution composition calculation, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observation. This provides a theoretical reference for further understanding the mechanism of sodium ethylxanthogenate and quartz surface, as well as the development of new quartz depressant. The results of flotation showed that after activation by Cu2+(1×10-4 mol/L) and Ni2+(5×10-5 mol/L), quartz was captured by sodium ethylxanthogenate (EX:1.4×10-4 mol/L) under alkaline conditions, while the best recoveries were 80% and 43%, respectively. The results of adsorption measurement and Zeta potential measurement showed that the precipitation rate of Cu2+ was greater than that of Ni2+ under alkaline conditions. In addition, both Cu2+ and Ni2+ were electrostatically adsorbed on the quartz surface and changed the Zeta potential of quartz. The solution composition calculation further showed that Cu(OH)+, Cu(OH)2(s), and Ni(OH)+, Ni(OH)2(s) were the main components in the solution under alkaline conditions. FT-IR analysis, XPS analysis, and AFM observations revealed that Cu species and Ni species were adsorbed on O atoms on the quartz surface, providing active sites for EX adsorption.","PeriodicalId":49137,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45256381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hasan Ergin, Kağan Kayacı, Ahmet Atınç Pilevne, Yıldız Yıldırım, Aykut Keskin
In ceramic production, vast amount of green process waste is created. Green process waste in other words, sludge waste creates a big environmental problem. It can create water pollution as well as create environmental problems having a big physical change of the stored area., Therefore, the use of sludge waste in the process as raw material is vitally important. The research programme was carried out to use the green process wastes as raw materials in the recipes of various products in Kaleseramik Research and Development Center in Turkey. Firstly, the long term samples were taken in order to observe the fluctuation of the created waste. Then, the chemical and mineralogical characterization of sludge wastes was carried out by using XRF and XRD. Different recipes were prepared by using green process waste. The behavior and the phases of fired products were evaluated by using a double-beam optical non-contact dilatometer and XRD. SEM and EDX were carried out for microstructural and micro-chemical analysis. Finally; the physical, mechanical and color properties of waste added recipes; such as water absorption, linear shrinkage, breaking strength and chromatic coordinates were measured. The results showed that it is possible to develop wall tile body with suitable technological properties by using appropriate mixture of process wastes in the body composition. The usage of sludge waste eliminates environmental problems and also provides the cost advantages as a raw material input. The full results of the case study performed at Kaleseramik Factory is illustrated in details.
{"title":"Investigation of the recycling of ceramic sludge waste from wall tile production in ceramic factory","authors":"Hasan Ergin, Kağan Kayacı, Ahmet Atınç Pilevne, Yıldız Yıldırım, Aykut Keskin","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/166262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/166262","url":null,"abstract":"In ceramic production, vast amount of green process waste is created. Green process waste in other words, sludge waste creates a big environmental problem. It can create water pollution as well as create environmental problems having a big physical change of the stored area., Therefore, the use of sludge waste in the process as raw material is vitally important. The research programme was carried out to use the green process wastes as raw materials in the recipes of various products in Kaleseramik Research and Development Center in Turkey. Firstly, the long term samples were taken in order to observe the fluctuation of the created waste. Then, the chemical and mineralogical characterization of sludge wastes was carried out by using XRF and XRD. Different recipes were prepared by using green process waste. The behavior and the phases of fired products were evaluated by using a double-beam optical non-contact dilatometer and XRD. SEM and EDX were carried out for microstructural and micro-chemical analysis. Finally; the physical, mechanical and color properties of waste added recipes; such as water absorption, linear shrinkage, breaking strength and chromatic coordinates were measured. The results showed that it is possible to develop wall tile body with suitable technological properties by using appropriate mixture of process wastes in the body composition. The usage of sludge waste eliminates environmental problems and also provides the cost advantages as a raw material input. The full results of the case study performed at Kaleseramik Factory is illustrated in details.","PeriodicalId":49137,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135473396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hasan Ergin, Yıldız Yıldırım, Arife Çırpın, Hatice Turgut, Kağan Kayacı
Ceramic tiles are the most common building material for floor and wall coverings in many countries. Glazed tiles are produced from mixture of frits and some additional raw materials applied on the surface of green tiles and subjected to a firing process. A new method of processing of glaze that is dry stirred media mill was investigated in a pilot grinding plant. The produced glaze particle size, shape and surface area are measured. The comparison was made with the product of conventional wet discontinue ball mills using the same wall tile glaze recipes. The results indicated that dry stirred media mill can provide product that have finer particle size distribution, more stable product compared to the conventional wet ball milling. The glaze thermal expansion and optical properties such as colour (L, a and b parameters) of the produced glazes were measured and comparison was also made in details. Finally, the microstructural characteristics of the produced glazes were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results have shown that dry stirred media mill enhances glaze properties and process economy considerably.
{"title":"Technological and economical investigation of glaze preparation using dry stirred media mill","authors":"Hasan Ergin, Yıldız Yıldırım, Arife Çırpın, Hatice Turgut, Kağan Kayacı","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/166261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/166261","url":null,"abstract":"Ceramic tiles are the most common building material for floor and wall coverings in many countries. Glazed tiles are produced from mixture of frits and some additional raw materials applied on the surface of green tiles and subjected to a firing process. A new method of processing of glaze that is dry stirred media mill was investigated in a pilot grinding plant. The produced glaze particle size, shape and surface area are measured. The comparison was made with the product of conventional wet discontinue ball mills using the same wall tile glaze recipes. The results indicated that dry stirred media mill can provide product that have finer particle size distribution, more stable product compared to the conventional wet ball milling. The glaze thermal expansion and optical properties such as colour (L, a and b parameters) of the produced glazes were measured and comparison was also made in details. Finally, the microstructural characteristics of the produced glazes were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results have shown that dry stirred media mill enhances glaze properties and process economy considerably.","PeriodicalId":49137,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135473621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Deveci, E. Y. Yazici, O. Celep, Murat Mercimek, Cumhur Demirel, Serkan Çakmak, Melih Baki Cingöz, Ömer Hami Kavlu, Hüseyin Kömürcü
This study was undertaken to improve gold and silver extraction from a pyritic gold flotation concentrate, which assayed 11 g/t Au, 42 g/t Ag, 0.21% Cu, 3.57% Zn, and 31% Fe. Direct cyanide leaching of the concentrate at 1.5 g/L NaCN yielded a low gold extraction (37%), confirming its refractory nature. Effects of lead nitrate (200-500 g/t Pb(NO3)2) and pre-aeration (24 h) before cyanide leaching at 1.5-3.5 g/L NaCN were investigated. Earlier studies have focused on the impact of these parameters on gold leaching. Besides gold, this study demonstrated the behaviour of silver and base metals (copper and zinc) from the pyritic gold concentrate. Adding lead nitrate had a negligible effect on gold extraction whilst improving silver extraction. Dissolution of copper was substantially suppressed by adding lead nitrate, i.e., from 23% (no Pb(NO3)2) to 4% (500 g/t Pb(NO3)2) over 24 h. Zinc dissolution was negligible (≤0.01%). Pre-aeration of the concentrate improved the gold and silver extractions by 4-14% and 23-44% at the subsequent cyanide leaching (1.5-3.5 g/L NaCN). However, it did not affect the leaching of copper. Only negligible leaching of zinc (≤0.6%) occurred during cyanide leaching. Pre-aeration also reduced cyanide consumption in subsequent cyanide leaching (1.5 g/L NaCN), i.e., from 2.83 kg/t to 2.03 kg/t NaCN per solids. These results suggested that lead nitrate can improve silver extraction while suppressing copper dissolution, which would be advantageous in the leaching-adsorption circuit (CIP), mitigating the dissolved copper-associated problems. Pre-aeration can also be suitable for improved gold/silver extractions and reduced reagent consumption.
{"title":"Effects of lead nitrate and pre-aeration on the deportment of base/precious metals in cyanide leaching of a pyritic refractory gold concentrate","authors":"H. Deveci, E. Y. Yazici, O. Celep, Murat Mercimek, Cumhur Demirel, Serkan Çakmak, Melih Baki Cingöz, Ömer Hami Kavlu, Hüseyin Kömürcü","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/166259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/166259","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken to improve gold and silver extraction from a pyritic gold flotation concentrate, which assayed 11 g/t Au, 42 g/t Ag, 0.21% Cu, 3.57% Zn, and 31% Fe. Direct cyanide leaching of the concentrate at 1.5 g/L NaCN yielded a low gold extraction (37%), confirming its refractory nature. Effects of lead nitrate (200-500 g/t Pb(NO3)2) and pre-aeration (24 h) before cyanide leaching at 1.5-3.5 g/L NaCN were investigated. Earlier studies have focused on the impact of these parameters on gold leaching. Besides gold, this study demonstrated the behaviour of silver and base metals (copper and zinc) from the pyritic gold concentrate. Adding lead nitrate had a negligible effect on gold extraction whilst improving silver extraction. Dissolution of copper was substantially suppressed by adding lead nitrate, i.e., from 23% (no Pb(NO3)2) to 4% (500 g/t Pb(NO3)2) over 24 h. Zinc dissolution was negligible (≤0.01%). Pre-aeration of the concentrate improved the gold and silver extractions by 4-14% and 23-44% at the subsequent cyanide leaching (1.5-3.5 g/L NaCN). However, it did not affect the leaching of copper. Only negligible leaching of zinc (≤0.6%) occurred during cyanide leaching. Pre-aeration also reduced cyanide consumption in subsequent cyanide leaching (1.5 g/L NaCN), i.e., from 2.83 kg/t to 2.03 kg/t NaCN per solids. These results suggested that lead nitrate can improve silver extraction while suppressing copper dissolution, which would be advantageous in the leaching-adsorption circuit (CIP), mitigating the dissolved copper-associated problems. Pre-aeration can also be suitable for improved gold/silver extractions and reduced reagent consumption.","PeriodicalId":49137,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43927528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zheyu Huang, Jingzhong Kuang, Mingming Yu, D. Ding
There are difficulties to the conventional depressant for achieving separation of scheelite from calcite for the sake of their similar surface properties. The paper reported that a new depressant quinic acid (QA) was used for separating scheelite from calcite. The adsorption experiments, zeta potential experiment, contact angle, FTIR, XPS analysis and crystal chemistry analysis were utilized to known the depression mechanism of selectivity. The results showed that the recovery of calcite decreased drastically after QA added, whereas hardly influenced on scheelite. The tungsten concentrate could reach 66.24% WO3 grade and 89.46% recovery with 1.5×10-4 mol·L-1 QA at pH=9. The surface adsorption quantity of the QA on calcite was much greater than scheelite, which enhanced significantly the hydrophilicity of calcite surface. Due to its negative charge, QA could be adsorbed on the surface of calcite which had positive charge instead of that of scheelite with negative charge. Subsequently, free carboxyl groups of QA could chelated with Ca2+ species on the calcite surface to form stable chemical adsorption in order to prevent the Pb-BHA to form further adsorption on that, so there was no increase significantly on hydrophobicity. However, QA was obviously weak for adsorbing while Pb-BHA which could still be chemically adsorbed on scheelite surface of pre-treated with QA.
{"title":"Quinic acid as a novel depressant for efficient flotation separation of scheelite from calcite","authors":"Zheyu Huang, Jingzhong Kuang, Mingming Yu, D. Ding","doi":"10.37190/ppmp/166008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/166008","url":null,"abstract":"There are difficulties to the conventional depressant for achieving separation of scheelite from calcite for the sake of their similar surface properties. The paper reported that a new depressant quinic acid (QA) was used for separating scheelite from calcite. The adsorption experiments, zeta potential experiment, contact angle, FTIR, XPS analysis and crystal chemistry analysis were utilized to known the depression mechanism of selectivity. The results showed that the recovery of calcite decreased drastically after QA added, whereas hardly influenced on scheelite. The tungsten concentrate could reach 66.24% WO3 grade and 89.46% recovery with 1.5×10-4 mol·L-1 QA at pH=9. The surface adsorption quantity of the QA on calcite was much greater than scheelite, which enhanced significantly the hydrophilicity of calcite surface. Due to its negative charge, QA could be adsorbed on the surface of calcite which had positive charge instead of that of scheelite with negative charge. Subsequently, free carboxyl groups of QA could chelated with Ca2+ species on the calcite surface to form stable chemical adsorption in order to prevent the Pb-BHA to form further adsorption on that, so there was no increase significantly on hydrophobicity. However, QA was obviously weak for adsorbing while Pb-BHA which could still be chemically adsorbed on scheelite surface of pre-treated with QA.","PeriodicalId":49137,"journal":{"name":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42375400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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