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Concerted SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase activities of TOPORS and RNF4 are essential for stress management and cell proliferation TOPORS和RNF4的协同SUMO靶向泛素连接酶活性对应激管理和细胞增殖至关重要
IF 12.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01294-7
Julio C. Y. Liu, Leena Ackermann, Saskia Hoffmann, Zita Gál, Ivo A. Hendriks, Charu Jain, Louise Morlot, Michael H. Tatham, Gian-Luca McLelland, Ronald T. Hay, Michael Lund Nielsen, Thijn Brummelkamp, Peter Haahr, Niels Mailand
Protein SUMOylation provides a principal driving force for cellular stress responses, including DNA–protein crosslink (DPC) repair and arsenic-induced PML body degradation. In this study, using genome-scale screens, we identified the human E3 ligase TOPORS as a key effector of SUMO-dependent DPC resolution. We demonstrate that TOPORS promotes DPC repair by functioning as a SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL), combining ubiquitin ligase activity through its RING domain with poly-SUMO binding via SUMO-interacting motifs, analogous to the STUbL RNF4. Mechanistically, TOPORS is a SUMO1-selective STUbL that complements RNF4 in generating complex ubiquitin landscapes on SUMOylated targets, including DPCs and PML, stimulating efficient p97/VCP unfoldase recruitment and proteasomal degradation. Combined loss of TOPORS and RNF4 is synthetic lethal even in unstressed cells, involving defective clearance of SUMOylated proteins from chromatin accompanied by cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our findings establish TOPORS as a STUbL whose parallel action with RNF4 defines a general mechanistic principle in crucial cellular processes governed by direct SUMO–ubiquitin crosstalk. Liu et al. reveal that human TOPORS is a SUMO1-selective SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL). The parallel action of TOPORS and the STUbL RNF4 defines a general mechanistic principle governing pathways driven by direct SUMO–ubiquitin crosstalk.
蛋白质 SUMOylation 是细胞应激反应的主要驱动力,包括 DNA 蛋白交联(DPC)修复和砷诱导的 PML 体降解。在这项研究中,我们利用基因组规模的筛选,发现人类 E3 连接酶 TOPORS 是 SUMO 依赖性 DPC 修复的关键效应物。我们证明,TOPORS 作为一种 SUMO 靶向泛素连接酶(STUbL),通过其 RING 结构域将泛素连接酶活性与通过 SUMO 相互作用基序(类似于 STUbL RNF4)将多 SUMO 结合起来,从而促进了 DPC 的修复。从机理上讲,TOPORS是一种SUMO1选择性STUbL,它与RNF4互补,在SUMO化靶标(包括DPCs和PML)上生成复杂的泛素景观,刺激p97/VCP折叠酶的有效招募和蛋白酶体降解。TOPORS 和 RNF4 的联合缺失即使在未受激细胞中也是合成致死性的,涉及染色质中 SUMOylated 蛋白的缺陷清除,并伴有细胞周期停滞和细胞凋亡。我们的研究结果确立了 TOPORS 作为 STUbL 的地位,它与 RNF4 的平行作用定义了由 SUMO-ubiquitin 直接串联调节的关键细胞过程中的一般机制原理。
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引用次数: 0
Macrophages need to release the proximal brake to degrade cellular corpses 巨噬细胞需要释放近端制动器来降解细胞尸体
IF 16.8 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01305-7
Dimitris Typas
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引用次数: 0
Future opportunities in solute carrier structural biology 溶质载体结构生物学的未来机遇
IF 16.8 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01271-0
Simon Newstead
Solute carriers (SLCs) control the flow of small molecules and ions across biological membranes. Over the last 20 years, the pace of research in SLC biology has accelerated markedly, opening new opportunities to treat metabolic diseases, cancer and neurological disorders. Recently, new families of atypical SLCs, with roles in organelle biology, metabolite signaling and trafficking, have expanded their roles in the cell. This Perspective discusses work leading to current advances and the emerging opportunities to target and modulate SLCs to uncover new biology and treat human disease. In this Perspective, the author describes the recent progress in understanding solute carrier (SLC) biology and discusses the roles of new families of atypical SLCs.
溶质载体(SLC)控制着小分子和离子在生物膜上的流动。过去 20 年来,SLC 生物学研究的步伐明显加快,为治疗代谢疾病、癌症和神经系统疾病带来了新的机遇。最近,在细胞器生物学、代谢物信号转导和贩运方面发挥作用的非典型SLC新家族扩大了它们在细胞中的作用。本透视讨论了导致目前进展的工作,以及靶向和调节 SLCs 以发现新生物学和治疗人类疾病的新机会。在本视角中,作者介绍了在理解溶质运载体(SLC)生物学方面的最新进展,并讨论了非典型SLC新家族的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Membrane-embedded machines 膜嵌入式机器
IF 16.8 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01303-9
The first membrane protein structure was reported almost 40 years ago. In this issue, we are publishing a set of papers that serve to underline the incredible advances in our understanding of the biology of these multifaceted molecular machines.
近 40 年前,我们首次报道了膜蛋白结构。在本期中,我们将发表一组论文,以强调我们在了解这些多面分子机器的生物学特性方面取得的令人难以置信的进展。
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引用次数: 0
HS-AFM single-molecule structural biology uncovers basis of transporter wanderlust kinetics HS-AFM 单分子结构生物学揭示了转运体徘徊动力学的基础
IF 12.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01260-3
Yining Jiang, Atsushi Miyagi, Xiaoyu Wang, Biao Qiu, Olga Boudker, Simon Scheuring
The Pyrococcus horikoshii amino acid transporter GltPh revealed, like other channels and transporters, activity mode switching, previously termed wanderlust kinetics. Unfortunately, to date, the basis of these activity fluctuations is not understood, probably due to a lack of experimental tools that directly access the structural features of transporters related to their instantaneous activity. Here, we take advantage of high-speed atomic force microscopy, unique in providing simultaneous structural and temporal resolution, to uncover the basis of kinetic mode switching in proteins. We developed membrane extension membrane protein reconstitution that allows the analysis of isolated molecules. Together with localization atomic force microscopy, principal component analysis and hidden Markov modeling, we could associate structural states to a functional timeline, allowing six structures to be solved from a single molecule, and an inward-facing state, IFSopen-1, to be determined as a kinetic dead-end in the conformational landscape. The approaches presented on GltPh are generally applicable and open possibilities for time-resolved dynamic single-molecule structural biology. Combining high-speed atomic force microscopy (AFM) with localization AFM and principal component analysis, the authors present six structures of a glutamate transporter and associate the conformational states to the molecule’s activity timeline.
Pyrococcus horikoshii 的氨基酸转运体 GltPh 与其他通道和转运体一样,具有活动模式切换功能,即以前所说的徘徊动力学。遗憾的是,到目前为止,人们还不了解这些活动波动的基础,这可能是由于缺乏直接获取与转运体瞬时活动相关的结构特征的实验工具。在这里,我们利用高速原子力显微镜(其独特之处在于可同时提供结构和时间分辨率)来揭示蛋白质动力学模式切换的基础。我们开发了膜延伸膜蛋白重组技术,可对分离的分子进行分析。结合定位原子力显微镜、主成分分析和隐马尔可夫模型,我们可以将结构状态与功能时间线联系起来,从而可以从单个分子中解析出六种结构,并确定了一种内向状态(IFSopen-1),作为构象景观中的动力学死胡同。在 GltPh 上介绍的方法普遍适用,为时间分辨动态单分子结构生物学开辟了可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Vimentin filaments integrate low-complexity domains in a complex helical structure 波形蛋白丝在复杂的螺旋结构中整合了低复杂度结构域
IF 16.8 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01261-2
Matthias Eibauer, Miriam S. Weber, Rafael Kronenberg-Tenga, Charlie T. Beales, Rajaa Boujemaa-Paterski, Yagmur Turgay, Suganya Sivagurunathan, Julia Kraxner, Sarah Köster, Robert D. Goldman, Ohad Medalia
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are integral components of the cytoskeleton. They provide cells with tissue-specific mechanical properties and are involved in numerous cellular processes. Due to their intricate architecture, a 3D structure of IFs has remained elusive. Here we use cryo-focused ion-beam milling, cryo-electron microscopy and tomography to obtain a 3D structure of vimentin IFs (VIFs). VIFs assemble into a modular, intertwined and flexible helical structure of 40 α-helices in cross-section, organized into five protofibrils. Surprisingly, the intrinsically disordered head domains form a fiber in the lumen of VIFs, while the intrinsically disordered tails form lateral connections between the protofibrils. Our findings demonstrate how protein domains of low sequence complexity can complement well-folded protein domains to construct a biopolymer with striking mechanical strength and stretchability. Using cryo-electron microscopy and integrative modeling, the authors defined the structure of vimentin intermediate filaments, revealing a helical tube built of five protofibrils that enclose a fiber of low-complexity N-terminal domains.
中间丝(IFs)是细胞骨架不可或缺的组成部分。它们为细胞提供组织特异性的机械特性,并参与许多细胞过程。由于其结构复杂,中间丝的三维结构一直难以捉摸。在这里,我们利用低温聚焦离子束铣削、低温电子显微镜和层析成像技术获得了波形蛋白IFs(VIFs)的三维结构。VIFs 由横截面为 40 α-螺旋的模块化、交织和灵活的螺旋结构组成,并组织成五条原纤维。令人惊讶的是,内在无序的头部结构域在 VIF 的内腔中形成纤维,而内在无序的尾部结构域则在原纤维之间形成横向连接。我们的研究结果表明,低序列复杂性的蛋白质结构域可以与折叠良好的蛋白质结构域互补,从而构建出具有惊人机械强度和拉伸性的生物聚合物。
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引用次数: 0
Author Correction: RNA polymerase II pausing regulates chromatin organization in erythrocytes 作者更正:RNA 聚合酶 II 暂停调节红细胞中的染色质组织
IF 16.8 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01307-5
Andrés Penagos-Puig, Sherlyn Claudio-Galeana, Aura Stephenson-Gussinye, Karina Jácome-López, Amaury Aguilar-Lomas, Xingqi Chen, Rosario Pérez-Molina, Mayra Furlan-Magaril
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引用次数: 0
DNA double-strand break–capturing nuclear envelope tubules drive DNA repair DNA双链断裂捕获核膜小管驱动DNA修复
IF 12.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01286-7
Mitra Shokrollahi, Mia Stanic, Anisha Hundal, Janet N. Y. Chan, Defne Urman, Chris A. Jordan, Anne Hakem, Roderic Espin, Jun Hao, Rehna Krishnan, Philipp G. Maass, Brendan C. Dickson, Manoor P. Hande, Miquel A. Pujana, Razqallah Hakem, Karim Mekhail
Current models suggest that DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can move to the nuclear periphery for repair. It is unclear to what extent human DSBs display such repositioning. Here we show that the human nuclear envelope localizes to DSBs in a manner depending on DNA damage response (DDR) kinases and cytoplasmic microtubules acetylated by α-tubulin acetyltransferase-1 (ATAT1). These factors collaborate with the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex (LINC), nuclear pore complex (NPC) protein NUP153, nuclear lamina and kinesins KIF5B and KIF13B to generate DSB-capturing nuclear envelope tubules (dsbNETs). dsbNETs are partly supported by nuclear actin filaments and the circadian factor PER1 and reversed by kinesin KIFC3. Although dsbNETs promote repair and survival, they are also co-opted during poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition to restrain BRCA1-deficient breast cancer cells and are hyper-induced in cells expressing the aging-linked lamin A mutant progerin. In summary, our results advance understanding of nuclear structure–function relationships, uncover a nuclear–cytoplasmic DDR and identify dsbNETs as critical factors in genome organization and stability. Here the authors show that the nucleus undergoes a transient ‘metamorphosis’ within a nuclear–cytoplasmic DNA damage response linked to health and disease. Through this process, the nuclear envelope projects tubules that capture damaged DNA, mediating its repair.
目前的模型表明,DNA 双链断裂(DSB)可以移动到核外围进行修复。目前还不清楚人类DSB在多大程度上表现出这种重新定位。在这里,我们发现人类核包膜定位到DSB的方式取决于DNA损伤应答(DDR)激酶和被α-tubulin乙酰转移酶-1(ATAT1)乙酰化的细胞质微管。这些因子与核骨架和细胞骨架复合体连接体(LINC)、核孔复合体(NPC)蛋白 NUP153、核薄层以及驱动蛋白 KIF5B 和 KIF13B 协作生成 DSB 捕捉核包膜小管(dsbNET)。虽然dsbNETs能促进修复和存活,但它们也会在多聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)抑制过程中被共同使用,以抑制BRCA1缺陷的乳腺癌细胞,并在表达与衰老相关的片层蛋白A突变体progerin的细胞中被过度诱导。总之,我们的研究结果促进了对核结构-功能关系的理解,发现了核-细胞质 DDR,并确定了 dsbNETs 是基因组组织和稳定性的关键因素。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular basis of Gabija anti-phage supramolecular assemblies 加比亚抗噬菌体超分子组装的分子基础
IF 12.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01283-w
Xiao-Yuan Yang, Zhangfei Shen, Jiale Xie, Jacelyn Greenwald, Ila Marathe, Qingpeng Lin, Wen Jun Xie, Vicki H. Wysocki, Tian-Min Fu
As one of the most prevalent anti-phage defense systems in prokaryotes, Gabija consists of a Gabija protein A (GajA) and a Gabija protein B (GajB). The assembly and function of the Gabija system remain unclear. Here we present cryo-EM structures of Bacillus cereus GajA and GajAB complex, revealing tetrameric and octameric assemblies, respectively. In the center of the complex, GajA assembles into a tetramer, which recruits two sets of GajB dimer at opposite sides of the complex, resulting in a 4:4 GajAB supramolecular complex for anti-phage defense. Further biochemical analysis showed that GajA alone is sufficient to cut double-stranded DNA and plasmid DNA, which can be inhibited by ATP. Unexpectedly, the GajAB displays enhanced activity for plasmid DNA, suggesting a role of substrate selection by GajB. Together, our study defines a framework for understanding anti-phage immune defense by the GajAB complex. The Gabija system constitutes one of the most prevalent anti-phage defense systems and is composed of GajA and GajB. Here, using cryo-EM and biochemistry, the authors show that GajA and GajB form a supramolecular complex with a stoichiometry of 4:4 to promote anti-phage defense.
作为原核生物中最普遍的抗噬菌体防御系统之一,Gabija 由 Gabija 蛋白 A(GajA)和 Gabija 蛋白 B(GajB)组成。Gabija系统的组装和功能仍不清楚。在这里,我们展示了蜡样芽孢杆菌 GajA 和 GajAB 复合物的冷冻电镜结构,分别揭示了四聚体和八聚体的组装。在复合物的中心,GajA组装成一个四聚体,它在复合物的相对两侧招募了两组GajB二聚体,从而形成了一个4:4的GajAB超分子复合物,用于抗蚜虫防御。进一步的生化分析表明,单靠 GajA 就足以切割双链 DNA 和质粒 DNA,而 ATP 可以抑制这种切割。意想不到的是,GajAB 对质粒 DNA 的活性增强了,这表明 GajB 在底物选择方面发挥了作用。总之,我们的研究为了解 GajAB 复合物的抗噬菌体免疫防御功能提供了一个框架。
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引用次数: 0
Structure of the native γ-tubulin ring complex capping spindle microtubules 封闭纺锤体微管的原生γ-微管蛋白环状复合物的结构
IF 12.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01281-y
Tom Dendooven, Stanislau Yatskevich, Alister Burt, Zhuo A. Chen, Dom Bellini, Juri Rappsilber, John V. Kilmartin, David Barford
Microtubule (MT) filaments, composed of α/β-tubulin dimers, are fundamental to cellular architecture, function and organismal development. They are nucleated from MT organizing centers by the evolutionarily conserved γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC). However, the molecular mechanism of nucleation remains elusive. Here we used cryo-electron tomography to determine the structure of the native γTuRC capping the minus end of a MT in the context of enriched budding yeast spindles. In our structure, γTuRC presents a ring of γ-tubulin subunits to seed nucleation of exclusively 13-protofilament MTs, adopting an active closed conformation to function as a perfect geometric template for MT nucleation. Our cryo-electron tomography reconstruction revealed that a coiled-coil protein staples the first row of α/β-tubulin of the MT to alternating positions along the γ-tubulin ring of γTuRC. This positioning of α/β-tubulin onto γTuRC suggests a role for the coiled-coil protein in augmenting γTuRC-mediated MT nucleation. Based on our results, we describe a molecular model for budding yeast γTuRC activation and MT nucleation. Using cryo-electron tomography, Dendooven et al. determined the structure of the native budding yeast γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) capping spindle microtubules and showed that γTuRC adopts an active closed conformation to function as a perfect geometric template for microtubule nucleation.
微管(MT)丝由α/β-tubulin二聚体组成,是细胞结构、功能和生物体发育的基础。它们是通过进化保守的γ-微管蛋白环复合体(γTuRC)从MT组织中心成核的。然而,成核的分子机制仍然难以捉摸。在这里,我们利用低温电子断层扫描技术确定了在富集芽殖酵母纺锤体背景下封盖MT负端的原生γ-TuRC的结构。在我们的结构中,γTuRC呈现出一个由γ-tubulin亚基组成的环状结构,专门用于13-原丝MT的种子成核,它采用一种活跃的封闭构象,作为MT成核的完美几何模板。我们的低温电子断层扫描重建显示,一个盘绕线圈蛋白将MT的第一排α/β-tubulin钉在沿着γTuRC的γ-tubulin环的交替位置上。α/β-tubulin在γTuRC上的这种定位表明,盘绕蛋白在增强γTuRC介导的MT成核过程中发挥了作用。基于我们的研究结果,我们描述了芽殖酵母γTuRC活化和MT成核的分子模型。
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引用次数: 0
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