Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine最新文献

Background: Ethnomycological studies explore the relationships between humans and fungi, often reflecting cultural practices and ecological knowledge. While such studies have expanded across Brazil, the Southern region remains understudied. This research aims to document the ethnomycological knowledge of Polish and Ukrainian immigrant descendant communities in a subtropical area in Southern Brazil, and discuss the persistence, transformation, and erosion of mycological knowledge.

Methods: Fieldwork was conducted in rural areas of Itaiópolis and Papanduva (Santa Catarina, Brazil), with 35 participants interviewed using semi-structured methods. A photographic catalog was used to support species identification. Fungal specimens were collected, morphologically identified, and in some cases, DNA barcoded. The data were analyzed qualitatively.

Results: A total of 19 fungal species were reported, with Agaricus, Armillaria, Macrolepiota, and Auricularia being the most cited genera. Mushrooms were primarily used as food, though medicinal, ornamental, recreational, and symbolic uses were also documented. Traditional recipes and vernacular names in Polish and Ukrainian were preserved, illustrating cultural continuity. Some reports suggest stock knowledge persists, even when active use has declined.

Conclusions: The study reveals that mushrooms remain culturally significant among immigrant descendant communities in Southern Brazil. While some traditional knowledge is preserved and even adapted, other aspects show signs of erosion or restricted transmission. The findings highlight how immigration, environmental factors, and cultural resilience interact in shaping mycological knowledge. This research contributes to the broader understanding of how human-fungus relationships evolve in migratory contexts and calls attention to the importance of preserving biocultural heritage.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and other recent zoonotic outbreaks have renewed global scrutiny of the bushmeat trade, particularly in West Africa. This study examines regional differences in bushmeat consumption, hunting practices, and perceptions of zoonotic disease risk in Ghana, using a mixed-methods approach combining a household survey (n = 335) and key informant interviews with hunters (n = 53).

Methods: Respondents were drawn from northern and southern Ghana to reflect ecological and cultural diversity. Socio-demographic characteristics, bushmeat consumption patterns, and knowledge of zoonotic diseases were analyzed. Hunters were interviewed to explore occupational activities and risk mitigation behaviors.

Results: Bushmeat consumption declined after the COVID-19 outbreak, more so in southern Ghana (from 62% to 33%) than in the north (from 81% to 61%). Awareness of zoonotic disease transmission was high (~ 70%) and primarily acquired through mass media, yet this had limited impact on behavior. Hunting activity declined during the pandemic, but hunters attributed this not to health concerns, but to wildlife scarcity and reduced commercial demand. Use of personal protective equipment was absent, with hunters citing discomfort, cultural beliefs, and spiritual protection as justifications. Risk perceptions varied regionally: northern respondents emphasized improper cooking as the main transmission pathway, while southerners pointed to handling of live animals. Religious beliefs significantly shaped attitudes toward disease vulnerability, with 80% of southern respondents and 58% in the north attributing protection from disease to divine intervention.

Conclusion: Bushmeat-related behaviors in Ghana are influenced more by cultural norms, economic necessity, and ecological conditions than by knowledge of zoonotic disease risks. Public health messaging alone is insufficient. Effective interventions must be culturally responsive, integrate conservation with health surveillance, and align with local worldviews. A multidimensional "One Health" approach is essential for sustainable behavior change and zoonotic disease prevention.

Background: Pollination is a complex and biocultural significant ecological process, essential for the reproduction of cultivated and wild plants. In family farming, pollination is crucial due to the economic and cultural dependence on pollinators. This study examines local ecological knowledge about pollination in three localities of northern Patagonia, Argentina.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews and participant observation were conducted with 30 family farmers in Villa Llanquín, Río Villegas, and El Manso. The interviews included open- and closed-ended questions about perceptions and practices related to pollination. In addition, free listing and visual stimulus techniques were used to further explore local ecological knowledge. The data were analyzed qualitatively through discourse analysis and quantitatively using indices, descriptive statistics, and generalized linear models to investigate the relationship between LEKP and cultivated area, management practices, seniority, and plant species richness.

Results: Sixteen local names were identified to refer to 15 pollinators. The insects with the highest cultural significance index were the honeybee Apis mellifera and bumblebees Bombus spp. About 97% of the farmers recognized the pollination process, and 93% emphasized its importance for horticultural production and the environment. Management practices carried out by farmers were indirect in 67.2% of cases and direct in 32.8%. Both types of practices favor pollinators and promote biodiversity. Finally, the importance of reflexivity and methodological flexibility in ethnobiological work was discussed.

Discussion and conclusion: These results underscore the importance of local ecological knowledge in pollinator conservation and biodiversity promotion. This study emphasizes the necessity of contextualized and specific approaches to understand the socioecological dynamics that influence local knowledge.

Background: Ethnoentomology, as an interdisciplinary field, explores the interactions between humans and insects from cultural, ecological, and social perspectives, fostering dialogue between traditional knowledge and modern science. Despite its relevance, a comprehensive bibliometric overview of its scientific production has been lacking.

Methods: A bibliometric analysis was carried out on the Ethnoentomology literature published between 1952 and 2024, using the Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Searches were performed in Portuguese, English, and Spanish using the terms "ethnoentomol*", "etnoentomol*" and their variations. Articles directly addressing Ethnoentomology were included, while unrelated studies and duplicates were excluded. The data were analysed to identify publication trends, leading countries, authorship networks, and major research themes.

Results: A total of 1,077 articles were identified, of which 375 met the inclusion criteria after duplicate removal. Publications showed continuous growth over time, with Brazil and other megadiverse countries standing out as the main contributors. Brazil ranked first, particularly in the Northeast Region, followed by studies from Mexico, the United States, India, and Spain. Among the most prominent authors are Costa Neto, Posey, and Monserrat, whose contributions were fundamental to the consolidation of Ethnoentomology as an autonomous field. Collaboration networks revealed increasing interdisciplinarity, encompassing themes such as food security, environmental conservation, and sustainability. Across the analysed studies, 1,043 insect species were recorded for different purposes, predominantly alimentary, medicinal, and utilitarian. Species such as Apis mellifera (Linnaeus, 1758), Rhynchophorus palmarum (Linnaeus, 1758), and Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) stand out for their versatility and frequency of citation, emphasising the multifunctional value of insects in cultural contexts.

Conclusions: Ethnoentomology plays a strategic role in valuing ancestral knowledge and promoting sustainable practices, reinforcing its importance for biodiversity conservation and local livelihoods. Strengthening research networks and integrating local knowledge into academic and policy agendas are essential for advancing this field.

Introduction: This study compiles ethnomycological information from Andorra, which, in general terms, has remained unexplored compared with plants. Andorra (468 km²; ca. 88,000 inhabitants) comprises seven parishes and 37 villages, with the tertiary sector as the main economic engine. In general, it has a Mediterranean mountain climate with Atlantic influence in North China, an altitude ranging from ca. 900 m a.s.l. to 3000 m, and vegetation stratified by altitude, which is characteristic of the Pyrenees. This study aims to enhance ethnomycological knowledge in Andorra by documenting the uses and vernacular names of wild mushrooms (WMs), quantitatively analysing this insight, and identifying species for future nutritional analyses.

Methods: Semi-structured individual or collective interviews were conducted with informants selected via the snowball sampling technique. Oral consent was obtained from all 131 informants (born between 1914 and 1975), and data were recorded in the research group database. The obtained data were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed.

Results: Fifty taxa belonging to 23 mycological families were reported in this study. The interviewed informants provided 1,172 use reports (URs) of 42 useful taxa, with culinary uses being the most reported, with 1,142 (97.44%), followed by 21 (1.79%) other uses and nine (0.77%) medicinal uses. Marasmius oreades (Bolton) Fr., Boletus sect. Boletus L., Lactarius sect. Deliciosi (Fr.) Redeuilh, Verbeken & Walleyn, Gyromitra esculenta Pers. ex Fr., and Sparassis crispa (Wulfen) Fr. were the most cited wild edible mushrooms (WEMs) in Andorra. In addition to individual uses, 152 fungal mixtures (four used for medicinal purposes and 148 for culinary uses) were identified in this study. Information about poisonous mushrooms was collected for a total of 11 taxa. For 98% of the taxa (49), a total of 155 vernacular names were documented. The informant consensus factor (F_IC) obtained for our interviewees was 0.96, the ethnomycoticity index (EMI) was 2.10% for the studied area, and regarding vernacular names, ethnomyconymy index was 2.45%.

Conclusions: This study enriches existing ethnomycological knowledge through ethnobotanical prospection, revealing the diversity of vernacular names and uses of WMs in Andorra. Several taxa with strong traditional use but lacking nutritional data were identified as candidates for further research and potential food innovation.

Background: Ethnobotanical knowledge constitutes a vital component of cultural heritage and biodiversity conservation, particularly in regions undergoing rapid socio-cultural transitions. Southeastern Anatolia, despite its high floristic richness and biocultural diversity, remains underexplored in terms of non-medicinal plant uses.

Methods: This study documents the traditional ethnobotanical knowledge of wild plant species used for non-medicinal and medicinal purposes in the Ergani district of Diyarbakır, Turkey. Data were collected between 2023 and 2024 through structured and semi-structured interviews (n = 112), guided fieldwalks, and participant observation across Ergani and 12 surrounding villages. Demographic variables and plant use data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the cultural importance index to assess the relative significance of each taxon.

Results: A total of 56 plant species belonging to 26 families were identified, used across five categories: medicinal (67.8%), nutritional (53.6%), fuel, decorative, and symbolic (e.g., protection against the evil eye). Multifunctionality was a recurring theme, with several species (e.g., Vitis vinifera, Vitex agnus-castus) employed in more than two categories. The most represented families were Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Brassicaceae. Wild plants played a central role in local subsistence and cultural practices, with vernacular names and preparation methods varying across gender and age groups. Ritual use, particularly of Peganum harmala, remained prevalent among older participants.

Conclusion: The study reveals a complex, integrative system of plant use in Ergani that reflects a holistic ethnoecological worldview. Findings underscore the urgent need for the documentation and preservation of local ecological knowledge amid ongoing socio-economic transformations. Sustaining this intangible heritage is critical for biodiversity conservation, local food security, and cultural resilience.