Iranian Journal of Public Health最新文献

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in several biological processes, such as control of tissue homeostasis, cell signaling, differentiation, proliferation, neoplastic transformation, and activation/inhibition of apoptotic mechanisms. In this systematic review, we evaluated the changes in the expression pattern of miRNAs in salivary gland tumors (SGTs).

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, and Scopus with no language and date restrictions in Feb 2023. All the studies on SGTs that evaluated miRNA profiling were included. Relevant data regarding the overexpression and down-regulation of the miRNAs were extracted. The quality of the included studies was evaluated with Newcastle-Ottawa checklist. The altered expression of miRNAs was evaluated between SGTs and normal cases, benign and malignant tumors, and primary and high-grade tumors.

Results: Thirteen studies were included in this systematic review. There were considerable differences between malignant and benign tumors regarding the miRNAs expression level. In the five studies, the miRNA profile of the primary tumors was compared with metastatic tumors to reveal the involvement of the miRNA in the prognosis of the salivary tumors. The miRNAs expression changes were correlated with tumor size, stage, recurrence, and occurrence of solid components. Perineural invasion and lymph node metastasis were also reported in ACCLM cell line and recurrence of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) tissues.

Conclusion: The miRNA profiling confirms their prognostic value in salivary gland tumors. Significant alternations of the miRNAs expression are useful for distinguishing different types of salivary tumors and malignant tumors from benign types. The miRNA expression changes also affect the prognosis of salivary tumors.

Background: Several health, environmental, and lifestyle-related factors have been separately linked to multiple sclerosis (MS) by different studies. However, these studies did not adequately account for the temporal association of these factors with MS while considering the influence of other variables in the analysis. A comprehensive investigation of these factors remains scarce.

Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was carried out between Jun 2020 to Mar 2021 on 525 cases and 1050 controls frequently matched by age and sex. Cases and controls were selected at the same time and from the same centers (Motahari and Imam Reza referral centers) in Shiraz (the capital of Fars Province). Health, socio-demographic, and lifestyle status during adolescence were studied in this case-control study.

Results: The likelihood of having a history of autoimmune disease(s) (OR_yes/no=15.67, P<0.001) and family history of MS (OR_yes/no=11.57, P<0.001) were higher in cases. In addition, the likelihoods of reporting a history of head/neck traumas (OR_{having a history/no history}=9.16, P<0.001), smoking (OR_{regular/other} =2.24, P=0.008), and stressful events (OR_yes/no=1.47, P=0.007) were higher among the case group. On the other hand, the odds of sun exposure (OR_{most the time/seldom} =0.14, P<0.001), physical activity (OR_{active/inactive}=0.45, P<0.001), and good quality sleep (OR=0.93, P<0.001) were significantly lower in the case group.

Conclusion: This study provided a broad picture of the factors associated with MS, most of which were modifiable. Positive alterations to these factors through social and health educational programs are likely to reduce the burden of MS in Iran.

Background: Dietary habits are influenced by environmental factors. Among these environmental factors are the place of residence, cultural characteristics, food accessibility, and economic status, which can all contribute to changes in the dietary pattern. Migration is another factor that can influence changes in the aspects mentioned above. We aimed to assess the dietary habits of individuals who have migrated from Turkey to Germany in comparison to those living in Turkey.

Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 254 individuals were enrolled with 102 individuals in Germany and 152 individuals in Turkey between April 2022 and July 2023. The data collection tools included Socio-demographic Characteristics Forms, Dietary Habits and Health Status Forms, and Food Consumption Frequency Forms. The data was collected online via Google Forms.

Results: There were statistically significant differences in the consumption frequency of processed meats, meat and poultry, sweetened beverages, sugar, desserts and pastries, vegetables, fruits, eggs and grains, olive oil, sunflower oil, hazelnut oil, grains, dairy products, coffee, starch, and carbonated beverages between the two groups (P<0.05). Statistically significant differences were not found in terms of butter and tea consumption frequency.

Conclusion: Overall, the study results have revealed significant differences in dietary habits between Turks living in Germany and those living in Turkey. The most noteworthy dimension of these differences is that individuals living in Turkey exhibit a stronger adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern, while those living in Germany tend to follow a Western dietary pattern.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a wide range of health outcomes, including an increased risk of depression and anxiety and a decline in quality of life. Even though the significance of biopsychological factors in the mental health status of T2DM patients has been discussed in other studies, the role of environmental factors has been lacking. Therefore, this review aimed to identify the relationship between environmental factors and mental health status among T2DM patients.

Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews was utilized in this study. Using predetermined keywords, a systematic search was conducted on three electronic databases from 2005 to 2023, namely, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Articles written in English, and studies focusing on the research question are among the inclusion criteria. Ten articles were extracted that were relevant to the research question.

Results: Poor socioeconomic status, urban areas, the influence of neighborhood, greenness, and air pollution had associations with mental health status among T2DM patients.

Conclusion: The possible implications of these factors for mental health demand further research and policy consideration.

Background: Phosphorus metabolism might be associated with tumor initiation and progression. We aimed to screen out the phosphorus metabolism genes related to bladder cancer and construct a clinical prognosis model.

Methods: The dataset used for the analysis was obtained from TCGA database. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were subsequently applied to differentially expressed genes. Consensus clustering was utilized, and different clusters of the tumor immune microenvironment and other features were compared. The phosphorus metabolism-related genes involved in prognosis were screened out by univariate Cox regression, LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis, and a nomogram was constructed. The performance of the nomogram was validated using TCGA dataset and the GEO dataset, respectively.

Results: Overall, 405 phosphorus metabolism-related differentially expressed genes from TCGA database were identified, which were associated with phosphorylation, cell proliferation, leukocyte activation, and signaling pathways. Two clusters were obtained by consistent clustering. After tumor immune microenvironment analysis, significant differences in immune cell infiltration between cluster 1 and cluster 2 were found. Four phosphorus metabolism-related genes (LIME1, LRP8, SPDYA, and MST1R) were associated with the prognosis of bladder cancer (BLCA) patients. We built a prognostic model and visualized the model as a nomogram. Calibration curves demonstrated the performance of this nomogram, in agreement with that shown by the ROC curves.

Conclusion: We successfully identified four phosphorus metabolism-related genes associated with prognosis, providing potential targets for biomarkers and therapeutics. A nomogram based on these genes was developed. Nevertheless, this study is based on bioinformatics, and experimental validation remains essential.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients who cease anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy are at risk of relapse, which is a matter of concern for the medical community. This study aimed to determine the relapse rate of IBD in patients who cease anti- TNF therapy.

Methods: A systematic search of international databases (Medline, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and EMBASE) was conducted until Mar 9th, 2022. The random effects model was used to calculate the IBD relapse rate, accompanied by a 95% confidence interval.

Results: The IBD relapse rate in patients who discontinued anti-TNF therapy was 44%. The pooled IBD-UC and IBD-CD relapse rate in patients who stopped anti-TNF therapy were 43% and 46%, respectively. The studies using infliximab (IFX) showed a pooled IBD relapse rate of 45%, and the IBD relapse rate in the IFX/ADA (Adalimumab) group was 42%. The IBD relapse rate for papers with treatment durations of less than or equal to 12 months was 51%, while for articles with treatment durations of more than 12 months, it was 30%.

Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need for careful evaluation and monitoring of IBD patients who cease anti-TNF therapy, as well as further investigation of alternative treatments for those who exhibit intolerance or inadequate response to anti-TNF therapy.

Background: Advanced maternal age decreased success of pregnancy rate in the assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment. We aimed to investigate the association between age and miscarriages in women who required ART for conception.

Methods: A cohort study was conducted using a 10-year sample of 14,898 pregnancy cycles with ART treatment in Xi'an, China. The effects of women's age on miscarriage were assessed using Poisson regression models. The threshold effect between age and miscarriage was explored through curve fitting.

Results: Compared with lower than 30 years, the risks of early miscarriage and miscarriage were higher in the older age groups (early miscarriage: [35-37 years: RR=1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26 to 1.74; ≥38 years: RR=2.25, 95% CI: 1.87 to 2.72]; miscarriage: [35-37 years: RR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.24 to 1.69; ≥38 years: RR=2.17, 95%CI: 1.82 to 2.60]). The nonlinear relationship between age and early miscarriage and miscarriages were observed. The risk of early miscarriage and miscarriage rapidly increased with age after the turning point (age=33 years) (<33 years: [early miscarriage: RR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.04; miscarriage: RR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.03]; ≥33 years: [early miscarriage: RR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.13; miscarriage: RR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.13]).

Conclusion: Among pregnancy cycles undergoing ART, advanced age is associated with higher risk of early miscarriage and miscarriage, and nonlinear relationship between age and early miscarriage and miscarriage were found. More attention should be paid to the risk of pregnant women with older than 33 years in ART treatment.

Background: We aimed to examine how electroacupuncture and manual acupuncture affect treatment results, pain levels, and joint function in individuals with knee osteoarthritis.

Methods: Research was carried out in various databases including PubMed, Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, and CNKI. Following the "Cochrane manual", the risk of bias of included RCTs was assessed. A funnel plot was utilized to evaluate any potential bias in the publications. The impact size was indicated by the average discrepancy along with its 95% confidence interval.

Results: The EA group showed a higher effectiveness rate (P = 0.001) and a lower WOMAC pain score (P < 0.00001) compared to the control group. The EA group had a lower WOMAC pain score compared to the SA/exercise group and the group that received manual acupuncture. The WOMAC pain score was significantly lower in the EA group compared to the manual acupuncture group under intense electroacupuncture stimulation (P < 0.0001). The WOMAC pain score was significantly lower in the EA group compared to the manual acupuncture group when weak current acupuncture was applied (P = 0.0001). However, no significant difference in WOMAC function score between EA and control group.

Conclusion: Comparison to manual acupuncture, placebo acupuncture, and exercise training, electroacupuncture enhanced the effectiveness of treating KOA and decreased the WOMAC pain score in patients with KOA. The level of pain relief achieved may be linked to the strength of the current stimulation. However, electroacupuncture had no significant effect on WOMAC function score.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent health issue that imposes heavy burdens on personal health status and social healthcare. Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS)/Vojta therapy has demonstrated effectiveness in managing conditions related to musculoskeletal system. However, its effects on individuals with LBP remain incompletely understood. We aimed to evaluate the effects of DNS/Vojta therapy on pain intensity and physical function in individuals with LBP.

Methods: A search of studies was conducted on several academic databases from inception through April 13, 2023. This study included clinical trials that evaluated the effects of DNS/Vojta therapy on the outcomes in individuals with LBP. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using PEDro scale, Cochrane Collaboration tool, and ROBINS-I scale. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager software (RevMan version 5.4.1, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2020).

Results: This systematic review and meta-analysis identified twelve eligible studies, which demonstrated that DNS/Vojta therapy significantly alleviated pain intensity (SMD=-1.09; 95%Cl [-1.74, -0.44]; Z=3.28; P=0.001), reduced disability severity (SMD=-0.91; 95%Cl [-1.48, -0.34]; Z=3.12; P=0.002), and improved quality of life (SMD=1.05; 95%CI [0.14, 1.96]; Z=2.27; P=0.02) in individuals with LBP, while no significant improvements were observed in static and dynamic balance ability or spine flexibility.

Conclusion: DNS/Vojta therapy is a promising approach for providing great benefits for individuals with LBP, particularly in terms of reducing pain intensity and disability severity, and improving quality of life, which is worth further in clinical application.