Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin最新文献_第8页

Stratigraphic landscape analysis, thermochronology and the episodic development of elevated, passive continental margins 地层景观分析，热年代学和上升的被动大陆边缘的幕式发展

Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin

Pub Date : 2013-12-30 DOI: 10.34194/GEUSB.V30.4673

P. Green, K. Lidmar-Bergström, P. Japsen, J. Bonow, J. Chalmers

The continental margin of West Greenland is similar in many respects to other elevated, passive continental margins (EPCMs) around the world. These margins are characterised by extensive regions of ...

西格陵兰岛的大陆边缘在许多方面与世界上其他升高的被动大陆边缘(EPCMs)相似。这些边缘地区的特点是…

引用次数: 91

Tectono-magmatic evolution of the younger Gardar southern rift, South Greenland 南格陵兰年轻加尔达南裂谷的构造-岩浆演化

Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin

Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.34194/GEUSB.V29.4692

B. Upton

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Uniqueness of the southern branch of the Gardar rift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Nomenclature of place names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 General geological overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 History of exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Gravity map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 The Older giant dyke complex, Tuttutooq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Marginal facies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Central facies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 The Younger giant dyke complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Composition of the magma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Crystallisation sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Internal structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 The YGDC in the Tuttutooq archipelago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Sissarluttooq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Marraat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Asorutit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Krydssø . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Itillip Saqqaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Tripyramidal peak west-south-west of Itillip Saqqaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Itillinnuujuk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Minor offshoots from the giant dykes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Narsaq gabbr

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52南Qoroq复杂 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Post-YGDC堤坝成群 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

{"title":"Tectono-magmatic evolution of the younger Gardar southern rift, South Greenland","authors":"B. Upton","doi":"10.34194/GEUSB.V29.4692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34194/GEUSB.V29.4692","url":null,"abstract":". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Uniqueness of the southern branch of the Gardar rift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Nomenclature of place names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 General geological overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 History of exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Gravity map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 The Older giant dyke complex, Tuttutooq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Marginal facies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Central facies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 The Younger giant dyke complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Composition of the magma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Crystallisation sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Internal structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 The YGDC in the Tuttutooq archipelago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Sissarluttooq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Marraat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Asorutit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Krydssø . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Itillip Saqqaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Tripyramidal peak west-south-west of Itillip Saqqaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Itillinnuujuk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Minor offshoots from the giant dykes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Narsaq gabbr","PeriodicalId":49199,"journal":{"name":"Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin","volume":"34 1","pages":"001-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82617920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 58

Neoglacial and historical glacier changes around Kangersuneq fjord in southern West Greenland 西格陵兰岛南部Kangersuneq峡湾周围的新冰川和历史冰川变化

Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin

Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.34194/GEUSB.V27.4694

A. Weidick, O. Bennike, M. Citterio, N. Nørgaard‐Pedersen

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Notes on the Holocene history of the area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Geological, archaeological and historical information on glacier fluctuations and sea-level changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Data from aerial photographs and satellite images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Glacier changes in the Kangersuneq area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 The former ice-dammed lake Isvand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 The Kangiata Nunaata Sermia glacier system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Qamanaarsuup Sermia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Narsap Sermia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Kangilinnguata Sermia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Comparisons with regional glacier fluctuations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 South of Kangersuneq to Frederikshåb Isblink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Frederikshåb Isblink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Nakkaasorsuaq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Sermeq in Sermilik icefjord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Isortuarsuup Sermia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

{"title":"Neoglacial and historical glacier changes around Kangersuneq fjord in southern West Greenland","authors":"A. Weidick, O. Bennike, M. Citterio, N. Nørgaard‐Pedersen","doi":"10.34194/GEUSB.V27.4694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34194/GEUSB.V27.4694","url":null,"abstract":". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Notes on the Holocene history of the area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Geological, archaeological and historical information on glacier fluctuations and sea-level changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Data from aerial photographs and satellite images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Glacier changes in the Kangersuneq area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 The former ice-dammed lake Isvand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 The Kangiata Nunaata Sermia glacier system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Qamanaarsuup Sermia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Narsap Sermia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Kangilinnguata Sermia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Comparisons with regional glacier fluctuations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 South of Kangersuneq to Frederikshåb Isblink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Frederikshåb Isblink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Nakkaasorsuaq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Sermeq in Sermilik icefjord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Isortuarsuup Sermia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ","PeriodicalId":49199,"journal":{"name":"Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77741994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 55

Review of Survey activities 2011: Testing of an automatic earthquake detection method on data from Station Nord, Greenland 2011年调查活动回顾:对格陵兰岛北站数据的一种自动地震探测方法的测试

Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin

Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.34194/geusb.v26.4767

N. Karamzadeh, P. Voss, G. D. Javan

Earthquakes are continuously monitored by a global network of several thousand seismic stations equipped with highly sensitive digital seismometers. The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) takes part in it by operating five seismic stations in Denmark and 18 in Greenland, some of the latter in collaboration with international partners. There are two main ways of detecting earthquakes from digital recordings of seismometers: (1) by a manual review of the data by an expert in processing seismic earthquake signals and (2) by an automatic method that uses a computerised algorithm to analyse the recordings. Since the beginning of earthquake recording, earthquake detection at GEUS has been based on the manual review method. There are several reasons why an automatic detection procedure has not yet been implemented at GEUS: (1) historically, the staff at GEUS have conducted high-quality manual detection of earthquakes, based on a long tradition of manual seismogram analysis (Lehmann 1954), (2) the ambient noise level in Denmark is generally too high for small local earthquakes to be detected automatically and (3) in Greenland, the distance between the seismometers is too long for automatic methods. Previous tests on GEUS data showed that automatic detection using the so-called standard method resulted in a very high number of false detections, and the effort needed to distinguish real earthquake signals from noise signals was much greater than that needed in the manual method. In addition, the automatic method detected fewer earthquakes than the manual analysis. Therefore, new automatic methods are needed to extract real earthquake signals from the background noise. In this article, we present results from testing a newly developed automatic detection method based on analysis of the frequency content of seismic signals. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the automated method can be used in Greenland or whether the manual procedure is still superior. The new method was tested on seismic data from Station Nord, which was selected because it is located in a region with many earthquakes, and because there are no nearby seismograph stations to support the measurements. The closest station is located at Danmarkshavn c. 540 km to the south. Therefore, the majority of earthquakes that occur in this region are only registered at Station Nord. Earthquakes in the Station Nord region Station Nord is located in eastern North Greenland, in a region where a major tectonic factor is the spreading that occurs along the rift zones in the northern North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean (Døssing et al. 2010), and which gives rise to high seismic activity (Fig. 1). Another tectonic factor is postglacial isostatic rebound that was the source of three major earthquakes in 1971, 1987 and 1993 (Chung 2002), with magnitudes of 5.1, 5.5 and 5.4 on the Richter scale. Apart from the seismicity observed at the rift zone, most of the earthquakes in the region

由数千个地震台站组成的全球网络配备了高灵敏度的数字地震检波器，对地震进行持续监测。丹麦和格陵兰地质调查局(GEUS)参与其中，在丹麦经营5个地震台站，在格陵兰经营18个地震台站，其中一些台站是与国际伙伴合作建立的。从地震仪的数字记录中探测地震主要有两种方法:(1)由处理地震信号的专家对数据进行人工审查;(2)采用计算机化算法分析记录的自动方法。自有地震记录以来，GEUS的地震探测一直是基于人工复核方法。GEUS尚未实施自动检测程序有几个原因:(1)历史上，GEUS的工作人员已经进行了高质量的人工地震检测，基于人工地震记录分析的悠久传统(Lehmann 1954);(2)丹麦的环境噪声水平通常太高，无法自动检测到小型局部地震;(3)在格陵兰岛，地震仪之间的距离太长，无法使用自动方法。以前对GEUS数据的测试表明，使用所谓的标准方法进行自动检测会导致非常高的误检率，并且区分真实地震信号和噪声信号所需的工作量远远大于手动方法所需的工作量。此外，自动方法检测到的地震比人工分析少。因此，需要新的自动方法从背景噪声中提取真实地震信号。本文介绍了一种基于地震信号频率含量分析的自动检测方法的测试结果。这项研究的目的是调查自动化方法是否可以在格陵兰岛使用，或者人工程序是否仍然优越。新方法在北站的地震数据上进行了测试，选择北站是因为它位于地震多发地区，而且附近没有地震仪站来支持测量。最近的车站位于Danmarkshavn，向南约540公里。因此，这个地区发生的大多数地震只在北站记录。北站位于北格陵兰岛东部，该地区的主要构造因素是北大西洋北部和北冰洋裂谷带的扩张(d ø sing et al. 2010)，这导致了高地震活动(图1)。另一个构造因素是冰川后均衡反弹，这是1971年、1987年和1993年三次大地震的来源(Chung 2002)，震级为5.1级。里氏5.5和5.4级。除了裂谷带观测到的地震活动外，该地区大部分地震发生在北站以南和以西(图1;葛瑞格森1982)。该地区的地震危险性较低，但在格陵兰岛是最高的(Voss et al. 2007)。2005年8月30日，北站发生了震感强烈的地震，震级为4.2级，震中距北站仅20公里。

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引用次数: 0

Review of survey activities 2011 2011年调查活动回顾

Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin

Pub Date : 2012-03-16 DOI: 10.34194/GEUSB.V26.4736

F. Christiansen

引用次数: 0

Remnants of Mesoarchaean oceanic crust in the Tartoq Group, South-West Greenland 格陵兰西南部塔尔托克群中太古代海洋地壳残余物

Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin

Pub Date : 2011-07-15 DOI: 10.34194/GEUSB.V23.4844

K. Szilas, V. Hinsberg, A. Kisters, T. Kokfelt, A. Schersten, B. Windley

The Tartoq Group is located in the Sermiligaarsuk fjord region in South-West Greenland in an area of approximately 20 × 50 km (Fig. 1). The Tartoq Group consists of several discrete, fault-bound blocks of metavolcanic rocks, surrounded by Archaean tonalite-trondhjemite-granodioritetype (TTG) gneisses. A zircon age of 2996.3 ± 5.9 Ma of a TTG intrusion provides a minimum age for the formation of the Tartoq Group (Fig. 2). The metavolcanic rocks probably show the lowest degree of metamorphism found anywhere in the Archaean craton of Greenland. Here we present a new model for the origin of the metavolcanic rocks of the Tartoq Group based on geochemical, metamorphic and structural data. The samples used for this study were collected by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) in 2009 and 2010. The study is part of a joint project between the Greenland Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum and GEUS on the mineral potential of south-western Greenland.

塔尔托克群位于格陵兰西南部的Sermiligaarsuk峡湾地区，面积约为20 × 50公里(图1)。塔尔托克群由几个离散的、断裂结合的变质火山岩块体组成，周围是太古界的闪长花岗岩(TTG)片麻岩。TTG侵入体的锆石年龄为2996.3±5.9 Ma，为Tartoq群的形成提供了最小年龄(图2)。该变质火山岩可能是格陵兰太古宙克拉通中变质程度最低的。本文根据地球化学、变质学和构造资料，提出了塔托克群变质火山岩成因的新模式。本研究使用的样本是由丹麦和格陵兰地质调查局(GEUS)在2009年和2010年收集的。这项研究是格陵兰矿产和石油局与GEUS关于格陵兰西南部矿产潜力的联合项目的一部分。

引用次数: 16

Lithostratigraphy of the Upper Oligocene - Miocene succession of Denmark 丹麦上渐新世-中新世演替的岩石地层学

Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin

Pub Date : 2010-12-01 DOI: 10.34194/GEUSB.V22.4733

E. Rasmussen, K. Dybkjær, S. Piasecki

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Geological setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Previous studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Previous lithostratigraphic subdivision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Vejle Fjord Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Klintinghoved, Ribe and Arnum Formations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Arnum, Hodde, Gram and Sæd Formations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Odderup Formation (terrestrial Miocene) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Sequence stratigraphy and onshore–offshore correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Data and methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Revised lithostratigraphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Brejning Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Sydklint Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Øksenrade Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Ribe Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Vejle Fjord Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Skansebakke Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Billund Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Hvidbjerg Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Addit Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Klintinghoved Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Kolding Fjord Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Bastrup Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

{"title":"Lithostratigraphy of the Upper Oligocene - Miocene succession of Denmark","authors":"E. Rasmussen, K. Dybkjær, S. Piasecki","doi":"10.34194/GEUSB.V22.4733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34194/GEUSB.V22.4733","url":null,"abstract":". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Geological setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Previous studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Previous lithostratigraphic subdivision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Vejle Fjord Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Klintinghoved, Ribe and Arnum Formations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Arnum, Hodde, Gram and Sæd Formations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Odderup Formation (terrestrial Miocene) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Sequence stratigraphy and onshore–offshore correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Data and methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Revised lithostratigraphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Brejning Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Sydklint Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Øksenrade Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Ribe Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Vejle Fjord Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Skansebakke Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Billund Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Hvidbjerg Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Addit Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Klintinghoved Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Kolding Fjord Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Bastrup Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .","PeriodicalId":49199,"journal":{"name":"Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin","volume":"10 10","pages":"1-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72502946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 102

Lithostratigraphy of the Cretaceous–Paleocene Nuussuaq Group, Nuussuaq Basin, West Greenland 西格陵兰Nuussuaq盆地白垩纪-古新世Nuussuaq群岩石地层学

Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin

Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.34194/GEUSB.V19.4886

G. Dam

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Previous work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The period before 1938 – the pioneers on the fossil floras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Nûgssuaq Expeditions 1938–1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The early hydrocarbon and coal-related studies 1968–1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recent investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geological setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nuussuaq Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kome Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slibestensfjeldet Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Upernivik Næs Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Atane Formation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Skansen Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ravn Kløft Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kingittoq Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Qilakitsoq Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Itivnera Bed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Itilli Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anariartorfik Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Umiivik Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kussinerujuk Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aaffarsuaq Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kangilia Formation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annertuneq Conglomerate Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 7 9 11 11 15 17 17 21 27 36 46 49 55 64 67 71 77 80 82 89 92 96 99 104 110 112 114 118 121 123 127 133 138 139 146 149 152 154 155 159 160 169 5 7 9 11 11 15 17 17 21 27 36 46 49 55 64 67 71 77 80 82 89 92 96 99 104 110 112 114 118 121 123 127 133 138 139 146 149 152 154 155 159 160 169

{"title":"Lithostratigraphy of the Cretaceous–Paleocene Nuussuaq Group, Nuussuaq Basin, West Greenland","authors":"G. Dam","doi":"10.34194/GEUSB.V19.4886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34194/GEUSB.V19.4886","url":null,"abstract":". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Previous work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The period before 1938 – the pioneers on the fossil floras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Nûgssuaq Expeditions 1938–1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The early hydrocarbon and coal-related studies 1968–1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recent investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geological setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nuussuaq Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kome Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slibestensfjeldet Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Upernivik Næs Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Atane Formation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Skansen Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ravn Kløft Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kingittoq Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Qilakitsoq Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Itivnera Bed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Itilli Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anariartorfik Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Umiivik Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kussinerujuk Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aaffarsuaq Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kangilia Formation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annertuneq Conglomerate Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ","PeriodicalId":49199,"journal":{"name":"Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin","volume":"8 1","pages":"01-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79296412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 66

New zircon ages from the Tasiusarsuaq terrane, southern West Greenland 西格陵兰岛南部Tasiusarsuaq地体的新锆石年龄

Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin

Pub Date : 2008-07-10 DOI: 10.34194/GEUSB.V15.5048

T. Næraa, A. Schersten

In the last three field seasons the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) has undertaken mapping in the south-eastern part of the Nuuk region in southern West Greenland, and here we present new zircon ages that help constrain the northern boundary of the Tasiusarsuaq terrane. The Archaean geology of the Nuuk region is commonly interpreted as a tectonic collage assembled through lateral accretion and collision of oceanic and continental slivers and blocks (e.g. Friend & Nutman 2005). Popular jargon de scribes these as terranes, bounded by faults or mylonite zones and characterised by rocks of contrasting origin on either side of their tectonic boundaries (Coney et al. 1980). The Isukasia and Faeringehavn terranes (Figs 1, 2) are the oldest terranes at ≥3.75 Ga, and extend from the outer part of Godthabsfjord in the south-west to the margin of the Inland Ice in the north-east, but they might not have a common geological history (Friend & Nutman 2005). The Tre Brodre terrane is mainly represented by the Ikkatoq gneiss and occurs in close spatial relationship with the Faeringehavn terrane, and also as a pronounced thrust unit along the Qarliit Nunaat thrust between the Faeringehavn and Tasiusarsuaq terranes (Fig. 1; Nutman et al. 1989). The terrane boundaries in the inner fjord region near the Inland Ice margin are less well constrained; the Tre Brodre terrane extends into the region from the south-west, the Kapisilik terrane is defined from the northern and eastern part and borders the Tasiusarsuaq terrane to the south and possibly to the east. The terrane accretion is believed to have taken place in two events. The first terrane accretion is defined from the northern part of the region, and possibly involves the Isukasia, Kapisilik and

在过去的三个野外季节里，丹麦和格陵兰地质调查局(GEUS)在西格陵兰岛南部努克地区的东南部进行了测绘，在这里我们发现了新的锆石，有助于限制Tasiusarsuaq地体的北部边界。Nuuk地区的太古代地质通常被解释为通过海洋和大陆的条块和块体的横向增生和碰撞组装而成的构造拼贴(例如Friend & Nutman 2005)。通俗的行话把它们描述为地体，以断层或糜棱岩带为界，其特征是构造边界两侧的岩石形成对比(Coney et al. 1980)。Isukasia和Faeringehavn地体(图1,2)是最古老的地体，年龄≥3.75 Ga，从西南部Godthabsfjord的外部延伸到东北部内陆冰的边缘，但它们可能没有共同的地质历史(Friend & Nutman 2005)。trebrodre地块主要以Ikkatoq片岩为代表，与Faeringehavn地块在空间上关系密切，也是Faeringehavn地块与Tasiusarsuaq地块之间沿Qarliit Nunaat逆冲构造的一个明显逆冲单元(图1;Nutman et al. 1989)。在靠近内陆冰缘的内峡湾地区，地形边界受到的约束较少;trebrodre地体从西南部延伸到该地区，Kapisilik地体从北部和东部确定，并在南部和东部与Tasiusarsuaq地体接壤。据信，地表增生发生在两个事件中。第一次地体增生发生在该地区北部，可能涉及伊苏卡、卡皮西利克和卡皮西利克

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引用次数: 40

Geochemistry of greenstones in the Tasiusarsuaq terrane, southern West Greenland 西格陵兰岛南部Tasiusarsuaq地块绿岩地球化学特征

Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin

Pub Date : 2008-07-01 DOI: 10.34194/GEUSB.V15.5047

A. Schersten, H. Stendal, T. Næraa

Tonalite-trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) gneisses and mela nocratic to ultramafic greenstones dominate the Ar chaean basement of southern West Greenland. The greenstones are likely to represent different original environments, which is important as the mineral deposits they may host depend on this. For example, massive sulphide deposits associated with gold and base metals are commonly volca no genic, while chrome, nickel and platinum group elements are more commonly associated with layered intrusions (Robb 2005). Cur rent investigations by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) in southern West Green land are therefore focused on the origin of greenstones and their relationship to associated TTG gneisses. Here, we report on work in progress on greenstones within the Tasiusarsuaq terrane (Fig. 1; Friend et al. 1996). They differ from many other greenstone belts in southern West Green land in their spatial association with the TTG gneisses. Unlike the Isua, Ivisârtoq and Storo greenstone belts in the central and northern Nuuk region, the Tasiusarsuaq greenstones are not proximal to terrane boundaries but form dismembered blocks and slivers within the terrane (Fig. 1). Contact relationships to the gneisses are almost exclusively tectonic, and primary textures are, with rare exceptions, ob literated by amphibolite to granulite facies metamorphism.

西格陵兰岛南部的Ar太古宙基底主要由闪长岩-闪长岩-花岗闪长岩(TTG)片麻岩和黑岩-超镁铁质绿岩组成。绿岩可能代表了不同的原始环境，这一点很重要，因为它们可能承载的矿藏取决于这一点。例如，与金和贱金属相关的块状硫化物矿床通常是火山成因的，而铬、镍和铂族元素则更常见地与层状侵入体有关(Robb 2005)。因此，丹麦和格陵兰地质调查局(GEUS)目前在西绿地南部进行的调查主要集中在绿岩的起源及其与相关TTG片麻岩的关系上。在这里，我们报告了Tasiusarsuaq地层中绿岩的进展情况(图1;Friend et al. 1996)。与西部绿地南部其他绿岩带不同的是，它们与TTG片麻岩的空间关联。与Nuuk地区中部和北部的Isua、ivis rtoq和Storo绿岩带不同，Tasiusarsuaq绿岩并不靠近地体边界，而是在地体内部形成碎裂的块状和条状(图1)。与片麻岩的接触关系几乎完全是构造性的，除了极少数例外，原始结构是角闪岩到麻粒岩相变质作用。

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引用次数: 10